ICAR2018 Abstract Book
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CONTENTS Abstracts for Keynote Presentations ...................................................................................................... 2 Abstracts for Invited Presentations ........................................................................................................ 6 Abstracts for Selected Presentations .................................................................................................... 50 Abstracts for Workshops ...................................................................................................................... 92 ICAR 2018 Abstract book 25-29 June 2018, Turku, Finland Workshop: Beyond Arabidopsis: advantages and challenges of emerging plant models .................... 93 Workshop: Chemical Regulation in Plant Stress Tolerance ................................................................ 104 Workshop: Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable, aca. FAIR, Arabidopsis phenotyping data? ................................................................................................................................................... 107 Workshop: Microscopy methods for multiscale functional imaging in Arabidopsis .......................... 110 Workshop: Stress and CO2 perception and signaling in guard cells ................................................... 117 Workshop: Communicating Science in the Age of Fake News: Broadening Your Impact ................... 121 Workshop: Seeing the invisible – young researchers presenting fluorescent based sensors as potent analytical tools .................................................................................................................................... 124 Workshop: Vascular Development ..................................................................................................... 127 Abstracts for Poster Presentations ..................................................................................................... 133 1 Abstracts for Keynote Presentations 2 [Keynote 1] NIGHT IN THE ARABIDOPSIS PLANT Alison M. Smith John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom During the last two decades, our research and that of collaborators uncovered biochemical pathways responsible for the synthesis and degradation of starch granules in Arabidopsis leaves. We showed that these processes are subject to complex control over the day-night cycle that requires the circadian clock. This control ensures the availability of carbohydrate to fuel metabolism during the night. Defects in the mechanism lead to starvation, and can have profound effects on plant growth. Despite this progress, many questions remain to be answered. We do not know the nature of the control mechanisms, and recent discoveries of previously unknown proteins required for normal starch granule numbers, shapes and patterns of turnover lead us to suspect that important players in the basic processes of synthesis and degradation remain to be discovered. I will describe our current understanding of these processes, and the gaps in our knowledge. I will also raise the important question of whether knowledge gained from Arabidopsis leaves is applicable to other species, organs and circumstances in which starch is synthesised and degraded. 3 [Keynote 2] MAKING A DIFFERENCE: FATE AND CONSEQUENCES IN THE STOMATAL LINEAGE Dominique Bergmann Stanford University and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), USA Plant biologists are acutely aware of scale. Regardless of the level of our own studies, our research subjects confront us with the interconnectedness of their parts and processes. Fortunately, our plant research community is also interconnected, and this enables both broad and deep exploration of fundamental biological questions: at the smaller scales, we gain precision and rigor, moving up in scale, we gain impact. Scale is exceedingly important when considering stomata, the epidermal valves that regulate carbon dioxide and water vapor exchange between plants and the atmosphere. Stomatal guard cells and the developmental pathways used to make, pattern and adapt them to the prevailing environment offer a distillation of important themes in development, and a platform for single-cell investigations of identity and physiology. It is also an exciting time to forge links between stomatal development and physiology at leaf, plant, plot and ecosystem scales in diverse plant families. In addition, the parallel expansion of stomatal lineage complexity and stomatal transcription factors across the plant kingdom provides a powerful “natural laboratory” in which to analyze structure/function of individual proteins and evolution of their regulatory networks. In my talk, I will will present vignettes of how we’ve leveraged key regulators of stomatal development into a system- wide view of cell identity, and preview some of the experimental and imaging-based tools that enable us to capture and manipulate these regulators of developmental decisions in Arabidopsis. With these tools and the discovery that homologous transcription factors anchor cell identities in Arabidopsis, Physcomitrella and Brachypodium, we are beginning to capture information about cell identity and developmental potential in a wide range of plants possessing interesting stomatal properties, including many plants of ecological and economic relevance. 4 [Keynote 3] CRUISING INSIDE FLOWERS: FROM CELLULAR DYNAMICS TO KEY SIGNALLING MOLECULES Tetsuya Higashiyama Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Japan Successful sexual reproduction of flowering plants involves complex cell-to-cell communication. We have been working on pollen tube guidance, double fertilization, and early embryogenesis by live-cell analysis. In pollen tube guidance, defensin-like peptide LUREs are pollen tube attractants of Torenia and Arabidopsis secreted by two egg-accompanying “synergid cells” (Science 2001; Nature 2009; PLoS Biol. 2012). To understand the molecular mechanism of pollen tube guidance, we have been taking two approaches of live-cell study (for reviews, Cell Growth Differ. 2013; Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 2015). The first approach is to use precisely defined semi-in vitro system (semi-in vivo system), including development of various microfluidics devices (e.g., RSC Adv. 2013). Semi-in vitro studies combined with synthetic chemistry lead to discovery of novel intercellular signaling molecules involved in pollen tube guidance. Arabinogalactan sugar chain AMOR derived from Torenia ovular sporophytic tissues is critical to make pollen tubes competent before attraction by TfLUREs (Curr. Biol. 2016; Plant Physiol. 2017). PRK6 is a receptor kinase of Arabidopsis, which is critical in sensing of AtLURE1 peptides (Nature 2016). Cocrystal structure analysis of AtLURE1 and PRK6 suggested unique action mechanism of AtLURE1 (Nat. Commun. 2017). Development of fluorescent small molecules is also in progress for single molecule or super-resolution imaging of cellular signaling (e.g., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017). The second approach is based on in vivo imaging. We have shown that pollen tube guidance is intimately related with double fertilization (e.g., Dev. Cell 2013; Cell 2015). By using two- photon microscopy, we have succeeded in visualizing pollen tube guidance in the pistil tissue (e.g., Development 2015, Protoplasma 2015). In this talk, I will talk about recent progresses of our pollen tube guidance study to discuss how pollen tubes are navigated to ovules, focusing on precise directional control, species-specific attraction, and one-to-one relationship between multiple ovules and pollen tubes. 5 Abstracts for Invited Presentations 6 [Invited 1] MOLECULAR BASIS OF FLOWER-SIZE EVOLUTION ASSOCIATED WITH THE TRANSITION FROM OUTBREEDING TO SELFING Adrien Sicard1, Ushio Fujikura2, Natalia Wozniak3, Christian Kappel3, Stephen Wright4, Michael Lenhard3 1SLU Uppsala, Sweden, 2Kobe University, Japan, 3University of Potsdam, Germany, 4University of Toronto, Canada Understanding the molecular basis of morphological change remains a central challenge in evolutionary-developmental biology. The transition from outbreeding to selfing is often associated with a dramatic reduction in reproductive structures, such as a reduced flower size in plants, as seen for example when comparing the selfing Arabidopsis thaliana with the outbreeding A. lyrata. We are using the pair of closely related species Capsella grandiflora and C. rubella to study the molecular basis of evolutionary changes in flower size. The outbreeding ancestor C. grandiflora forms large attractive flowers, while the derived selfing species C. rubella only shows small, inconspicuous flowers. Using a quantitative-genetic approach, we have identified three genes whose variation between the two species contributes to flower-size reduction in C. rubella. One of these encodes an F-box protein, the other a putative transcriptional regulator and the third a cytochrome P450 enzyme involved in brassinosteroid biosynthesis. Different molecular mechanisms underlie the altered activities of the alleles from the selfing versus the outbreeding lineages. Together these studies should pave the way for answering the question how the evolution towards small flowers has occurred repeatedly in the genus Capsella and beyond. 7 [Invited 2] TIME TO CHANGE - ONSET OF REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT AND THE MAKING OF A FLOWER Doris Wagner University of Pennsylvania, USA Plant development and survival is tuned in response to endogenous and environmental cues in the context of chromatin.