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Appendix: List of Some Scienti Fi C and English Vernacular Names Appendix: List of Some Scienti fi c and English Vernacular Names Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) Acacia spp. (acacia) Acanthocephala (thorny-headed worm) Acanthopleura granulata (West Indian fuzzy chiton) Acarina (mite, tick) Acer spp. (maple) Acrocladium cuspidatum (bryophyte, moss; now known as Calliergonella cuspidata ) Actinopterygii (ray- fi nned fi sh) Aedes aegypti (mosquito, vector for yellow fever) Aedes africanus (mosquito, vector for yellow fever) Aegopinella spp. (terrestrial gastropod) Agavaceae (agave, lechuguilla, yucca) Agave lechuguilla (agave, lechuguilla) Agave sisalana (sisal hemp) Aglenus brunneus (beetle) Agnatha (hag fi sh, lamprey) Alces alces (elk [Europe]; moose [N. America]) Alligatoridae (alligator) Allium cepa (onion) Alnus spp. (alder) Amanita caesarea (Basidiomycota fungus, Caesar’s mushroom) Amanita muscaria ( fl y agaric) Amaranthaceae (pigweed) Amaranthus spp. (amaranth, pigweed) Amphibia (amphibian, salamander, frog) Amoeba spp. (protist) Ananas comosus (pineapple) Ancylostoma duodenale (nematode, hookworm) Anisus spp. (aquatic gastropod) Annelida (segmented worm, earthworm, leech) E.J. Reitz and M. Shackley, Environmental Archaeology, Manuals in Archaeological 483 Method, Theory and Technique, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-3339-2 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 484 Appendix: List of Some Scientific and English Vernacular Names Anomura (hermit crab) Anopheles spp. (mosquito, vector for malaria) Antheraea spp. (silkmoth, wild) Anthocerotophyta (hornwort) Anthozoa (sea anemone, coral) Antilocapra americana (pronghorn antelope) Apiaceae [Umbelliferae] (carrot, parsley) Apis mellifera (honey bee) Apium spp. (celery) Aquila adalberti (Spanish Imperial eagle) Arachis hypogaea (peanut) Arachnida (spider, tick, mite, scorpion) Araneae (spider) Arbutus spp. (madrone) Arcanobacterium pyogenes (bacterium) Archaea (prokaryote domain) Arecaceae (palm) Aridius bifasciatus (mould beetle) Arthropoda (centipede, millipede, insect, crustacean, spider) Artiodactyla (ungulate, deer, pig, moose) Ascaris lumbricoides (nematode, roundworm, maw worm) Ascomycota (fungus, sac fungus, truf fl e) Ashfordia granulata (terrestrial gastropod) Aspergillus fl avus (fungus) Aspergillus oryzae (fungus) Aspergillus parasiticus (fungus) Astacidea (cray fi sh) Asteraceae [Compositae] (sun fl ower, aster) Asteroidea (sea star) Athyrium fi lix-femina (common ladyfern) Atteva spp. (ailanthus webworm) Avena sativa (common oat) Avena sterilis (animated oat) Aves (bird) Axis axis (axis deer, chital) Bacillus anthracis (bacterium, anthrax) Bacillus licheniformis (bacterial source of a -amylase enzyme) Bacteria (prokaryote domain, bacterium) Balanus spp. (barnacle) Basidiomycota (club fungus, rust, smut, shelf fungus) Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (chytrid fungus) Belemnitella (extinct cephalopod) Beta vulgaris (beet, chard) Betula spp. (birch) Bison bison (buffalo) Appendix: List of Some Scientific and English Vernacular Names 485 Bivalvia (pelecypod, clam) Blattaria (cockroach) Boletus edulis (mushroom, penny bun) Bombyx mori (silkmoth, domestic) Bordetella pertussis (bacterium, whooping cough, pertussis) Boonea impressa (impressed odostome) Borrelia burgdorferi (bacterium, Lyme disease) Bos primigenius (aurochs, wild cattle) Bos taurus (cattle, domestic) Bosmina spp. (water fl ea) Bovidae (cattle family) Bovista nigrescens (puffball) Brachiopoda (lamp shell) Brachythecium rutabulum (bryophyte, brachythecium moss) Branchiopoda (water fl eas) Brachyura (“true” crab) Brassicaceae [Cruciferae] (mustard) Bromeliaceae (bromeliad) Brucella abortus (bacterium, brucellosis) Bryophyta (moss) Bryophytes (nonvascular plant, liverwort, hornwort, moss) Bryozoa (colonial animal, bryozoa) Busycon carica (knobbed whelk) Cactaceae (cactus) Caenorhabditis elegans (soil nematode) Calathea allouia (llerén) Calluna vulgaris (ling, heather) Calvatia utriformis (puffball) Camellia japonica (camellia) Cancer magister (Dungeness crab) Canis familiaris (dog, domestic) Canis lupus (gray wolf) Canis [lupus] domesticus (or C. l. familiaris; alternate names for domestic dog) Canna spp. (canna lily) Canna [ edulis ] indica (achira, Indian shot) Cannabis sativa (hemp) Cantharellus cibarius (Basidiomycota fungus, chanterelle) Capillaria spp. (nematode, roundworm) Capra hircus (goat) Capra ibex (ibex) Capreolus capreolus (roe deer) Capreolinae (deer subfamily, moose, brocket deer, caribou, white-tailed deer) Capsicum spp. (cayenne pepper) Carassius auratus (gold fi sh) Carnivora (carnivore, dog, bear, cat, walrus) 486 Appendix: List of Some Scientific and English Vernacular Names Carpinus spp. (hornbeam) Carya spp. (hickory, pecan) Carychium minimum (terrestrial gastropod) Carychium tridentatum (terrestrial gastropod) Castor canadensis (beaver) Cavia aperea (guinea pig, wild) Cavia porcellus (guinea pig, domestic) Centaurea spp. (knapweed) Cephalochordata (lancelet) Cephalopoda (octopus, squid) Cercophora spp. (Ascomycota fungus) Cervidae (deer) Cervinae (deer subfamily, elk, wapiti, red deer, fallow deer) Cervus spp. (elk, wapiti, red deer) Cervus elaphus (red deer [Europe]; elk, wapiti [N. America]) Cestoda (tapeworm) Cetacea (whale, dolphin, porpoise) Chaetomium spp. (Ascomycota fungus) Chelicerata (horseshoe crab, spider, tick, mite) Chenopodium spp. (chenopod, goosefoot) Chenopodium quinoa ssp. milleanum (quinoa, goosefoot) Chilopoda (centipede) Chironomidae (midge, chironomid) Chlamydia trachomatis (bacterium, chlamydia) Chloridoideae (subfamily of grasses) Chlorophyta (green algae) Chlorostoma spp. (sea snail) Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fi sh, shark, ray) Chordata (lancelet, tunicate, vertebrate) Chytridiomycota (chytrid fungus) Cicer judaicum (chickpea) Cinnamomum verum (cinnamon) Cirripedia (barnacle) Citrullus spp. (citron melon, watermelon) Cladium spp. (sawgrass) Cladocera (water fl ea) Claviceps purpurea (Ascomycota fungus, ergot of rye) Clinocardium nuttallii (cockle) Clitellata (earthworm, leech) Clostridium botulinum (bacterium, botulism) Clostridium isatidis (indigo-reducing bacterium) Clostridium tetani (bacterium, tetanus) Cnidaria (sea anemone, corals, jellies) Cochlicopa lubrica (terrestrial gastropod) Cocos nucifera (coconut palm) Appendix: List of Some Scientific and English Vernacular Names 487 Coenobita clypeatus (hermit crab) Coleoptera (beetle) Colocasia esculenta (taro, coco yam) Compositae [Asteraceae] (sun fl ower, aster) Coniochaeta spp. (Ascomycota fungus) Consolida spp. (knight’s-spur) Copepoda (copepod) Corchorus spp. (jute) Corylus spp. (hazelnut) Corynebacteria (bacterium, diphtheria) Craniata (animals with a cranium) Crassostrea virginica (eastern oyster) Cruciferae [Brassicaceae] (mustard) Crustacea (water fl ea, ostracod, copepod, barnacle, crab) Cryptosporidium parvum (protozoa) Ctenophora (comb jelly, sea walnut) Cucurbita spp. (gourd/squash) Cupressaceae (cypress) Cymbella sp. (diatom) Cymbula granatina (limpet) Cyperaceae (sedge) Cyperus papyrus (papyrus) Cyprinidae (carp, minnow) Cypriniformes (minnow) Cyprinus spp. (carp) Cythereis [Rehacythereis] luermannae luermannae (ostracod) Dactylopius coccus (cochineal) Dama spp. (fallow deer) Damalinia bovis (biting louse) Daphnia spp. (water fl ea) Dasylirion spp. (sotol) Daucus carota (carrot, Queen Anne’s lace) Decapoda (shrimp, crab, lobster) Diodontidae (porcupine fi sh) Dioscorea esculenta (yam) Diphyllobothrium latum ( fi sh tapeworm) Diplopoda (millipede) Diptera ( fl y, mosquito) Dryopteris spp. (woodfern) Dugong dugon (dugong) Echinochloa esculenta (barnyard or Japanese millet) Echinococcus granulosus (tapeworm, hydatid disease) Echinodermata (sea star, brittle star, sea urchin) Echinoidea (sand dollar, sea urchin) Echinus spp. (sea urchin) 488 Appendix: List of Some Scientific and English Vernacular Names Eipthemia sp. (diatom) Elephantidae (elephant) Engraulidae (anchovy) Entamoeba [ Escherichia ] coli (bacterium in human digestive system) Entamoeba histolytica (protist, amoebic dysentery) Entognatha (springtail) Enterobius vermicularis (nematode, human pinworm) Equidae (equid) Equus asinus (donkey, domestic) Equus caballus (horse, domestic) Equus ferus (horse, wild) Equus zebra (zebra) Ericaceae (heather) Ericales (a dicotyledon plant order) Eriophorum spp. (cottongrass) Euconulus spp. (terrestrial gastropod) Euglena spp. (protist) Eukarya (eukaryote domain, multicellular organisms) Euphausiacea (krill) Euphorbiaceae (spurge, rubber tree, manioc, castorbean) Fabaceae [Leguminosae] (legume, pulse, algarrobo) Fagus spp. (beech) Fasciola hepatica (liver fl uke) Felidae (cat) Felis catus (cat, domestic) Felis chaus (jungle cat) Felis silvestris (wild cat) Ficus carica ( fi g) Filarioidea (nematode, fi larial worm) Fissurellidae (limpet) Fistulina hepatica (beefsteak fungus) Fomes fomentarius (bracket fungus) Fragaria spp. (strawberry) Fraxinus spp. (ash) Fungi (rust, smut, chytrid, mushroom) Fungi Imperfecti (informal group of fungi) Gadiformes (cod fi sh, hake) Gadus morhua (cod) Galliformes (gallinaceous bird) Gallus gallus (chicken) Gastropoda (univalve mollusc, snail) Gazella gazella (gazelle) Gecarcinidae (land crab) Giardia duodenalis (protist) Giardia intestinalis (also known as G. lamblia ; protist, diarrhea) Appendix: List of Some Scientific and English Vernacular Names 489 Ginkgo biloba (maidenhair tree) Gladiolus spp. (gladiolus) Glossina spp. (tsetse fl y, vector for sleeping sickness) Glycine max (soybean) Gossypium spp. (cotton) Gnathostomata (shark, bony fi sh, tetrapod) Gomphonema truncatum (diatom) Gomphonema gracile (diatom) Gramineae [Poaceae] (grass) Grus grus (crane) Gymnosperms
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