DOCSLIB.ORG

PROVENANCE TRĐALS in TURKEY Forest Area of Turkey Is 21.18

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
PROVENANCE TRĐALS in TURKEY Forest Area of Turkey Is 21.18 PROVENANCE TR ĐALS IN TURKEY Forest area of Turkey is 21.18 million hectare, which consists of 26 % of total size of the country. The 44 %, 8.9 million hectare is productive forest and the rest, 56% 11.3 million hectare is unproductive. Unproductive forest area needs to be forested in order to turn into productive forest. However, certain provenances should be used in forestation works. Therefore, which provenance may be used in regional afforestation should be determined, particularly in Turkey, which climatic and soil conditions show great changes from one to another (Simsek et al., 1995). The selection of seed resources is the main factor influencing the productivity of forestation (Urgenc, S., 1982). One of the major objectives of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry and its affiliates is to conserve forest tree species and genetic biodiversity. Provenance trials are important particularly at the initial stage of a tree improvement of program. They provide information about the genetic architecture of the species that is utilized for gene conservation programs, and for maximizing gain for a given area (Isık et al., 2002) There are lots of provenance trail in Turkey. The Turkish Forest Research Institutes are carrying out 6 provenances trials. The main aim of these studies is to determine the best performing provenances for forestations, each geographic zone in Turkey. 1-Turkish Red Pine ( Pinus brutia Ten.) Provenance Trial The Turkish Forest Research Institute established it in 1988 on 26 test sites (one of the test side was established in Cyprus). 50 provenances were tested (47 provenances originating from Turkey, 3 provenances from northern Cyprus) below Table 1 . Most provenances included in the experiment were phenotypically superior stands and had been designated as seed stands for operational planting programs for a particular region. For each provenance, about 30 trees were sampled, cones were bulked and sun dried to extract seeds. One-year old were transplanted to 26 sites in the late autumn of 1988 and in the winter of 1989. The experiments were laid out in the fields as to ‘‘Randomized Complete Blocks Method’’ with 3 replications. 16 seedlings in square in each block initially represented each provenance. Spacing was 1.5 m between in a row and 3 m between the rows. Data were collected from the experimental sites in 1999 when the trees were 10 years old in the field. Survival was assessed s the proportion of surviving trees in each plot. Total height (cm) and diameter at breast height (mm) were measured and the volume was estimated to the nearest dm ³. The coordinator institute of ( Pinus brutia Ten) provenance trial is Southwest Anatolia Forest Research Directory (Antalya). Southwest Anatolia Forest Research Directory were published the 5 and 10 years old results: The five-year results of the experiment as a technical report (Cengiz et al., 1999) Results of provenance study at age 10 on Pinus brutia : Provenance-site interactions and defining breeding zones (Isık et al., 2002). IŞIK, K., TOPAK, M. ve KESK ĐN, A. C., 1987 : Kızılçamda ( Pinus brutia Ten.) Orijin Denemeleri. O. G. M. Orman A ğaçları ve Islah Araştırma Müdürlü ğü Yayın No: 3, Ankara CENG ĐZ, Y., I ŞIK, F., KESK ĐN, S., GENÇ, A., DO ĞAN, B., TOSUN, S., ÖZPAY, Z., AKSOY, C., ÖRTEL, E., GÜRGEN, D., DA ĞDA Ş, S., UGURLU, S., 1999: Kızılçam ( Pinus brutia Ten.) Orijin Denemeleri. Teknik Bülten No: 11, Antalya. IŞIK, F., KESK ĐN, S., CENG ĐZ, Y., GENÇ, A., DO ĞAN, B., ÖZPAY, Z., TOSUN, S., UĞURLU , ÖRTEL, E., DA ĞDA Ş, S., KARATAY, H., 2002: Kızılçam Orijin denemelerinin 10 yıllık Sonuçları (Orijin-Çevre Etkile şimi ve Tohum Transferi Üzerine Etkisi),.Batı Akdeniz Ormancılık Ara ştırma Müdürlü ğü yayın No: 016, Orman Bakanlı ğı yayın No: 158, teknik Bülten No: 14, Antalya, 155 s. IŞIK, F., KESK ĐN, S., MCKEAND, S.E., 2000: Provenance Variation and Provenance-Site Interaction in Pinus brutia TEN: Consequences of Defining Breeding Zones, Silvae Genetica 49, Heft 4-5, 2000, 169-232 pp. 2-Anatolian Black Pine ( Pinus nigra Arnold subsp. Pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) Provenance trial The Turkish Forest Research Institute established it in 1984 on 24 test sites. 36 provenances were tested (all the origin were from Turkey) below Table 2. The experiments were laid out in the fields as to ‘‘Randomized Complete Blocks Method’’ with 3 replications. 16 seedlings in square in each block initially represented each provenance. Spacing was 2 m between in a row and 2 m between the rows. 12 test sites are under control. The coordinator institute of ( Pinus nigra Arnold ) provenance trial is Western Black Sea Forest Research Directory (Bolu) Turkish forestry Research Institute were published the nine year results as a technical reports: The first results of Anatolian Black Pine ( Pinus nigra Arnold subsp. Pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) Provenance trials in Turkey (Simsek et al., 1995). ŞĐ MŞEK, Y., ERKULO ĞLU, Ö., TOSUN, S., 1995: Türkiye’de Karaçam (Pinus nigra Arnold ssp. pallasiana Lamb.Holmboe) Orijin Denemeleri Đlk sonuçları, Ormancılık Ara ştırma Enstitüsü yayınları, Teknik Bülten No: 247, Ankara, 63 s. 3-Taurus Cedar ( Cedrus libani A. Rich) Provenance Trial The Turkish Forest Research Institute established it in 1989-1990 on 16 test sites. 35 provenances were tested (all the origin were from Turkey) below Table 3. 14 test sites are under control. The experiments were laid out in the fields as to ‘‘Randomized Complete Blocks Method’’ with 3 replications. 16 seedlings in square in each block initially represented each provenance. Spacing was 1.5 m between in a row and 3 m between the rows. The coordinator institute of ( Cedrus libani A. Rich) provenance trial is Central Anatolia Forest Research Institute (Ankara). Central Anatolia Forest Research Institute were published the 5 years old results: The five-year results of the experiment were published as a technical report. The ten-year results are analyzed, but not published. The first results of Taurus Cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) Provenance trials in Turkey (Dagdas et al., 1997). DA ĞDA Ş, S., GENÇ, A., DO ĞAN, B., CENG ĐZ, Y., KESK ĐN, S., ÖRTEL, E. ve U ĞURLU, S., 1997: Türkiye’de Sedir ( Cedrus libani A. Rich.) Orijin Denemelerinin Đlk Sonuçları. Đç Anadolu Ormancılık Ara ştırma Enstitüsü Yayınları, Teknik Bülten Serisi, No: 271, 128 s. 4-Scotch Pine ( Pinus sylvestis L.) Provenance Trial The Turkish Forest Research Institute established it in 1989-1990 on 22 test sites. 35 provenances were tested (33 provenances originating from Turkey, 2 provenances from Netherlands (Ommen and Epe provenances) below Table 4 . Most provenances included in the experiment were phenotypically superior stands and had been designated as seed stands for operational planting programs for a particular region. For each provenance, about 25-30 trees were sampled, cones were bulked and sun dried to extract seeds. Two-year old seedlings were transplanted to 22 sites in the late autumn of 1989 and in the winter of 1990. The experiments were laid out in the fields as to ‘‘Randomized Complete Blocks Method’’ with 3 replications. 16 seedlings in square in each block initially represented each provenance. Spacing was 1.5 m between in a row and 3 m between the rows. 15 test sites are under control. The coordinator institute of ( Pinus sylvestis L.) provenance trial is Central Anatolia Forest Research Institute (Ankara). Central Anatolia Forest Research Institute were published the 5 years old results. The first preliminary results of Scotch Pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) provenance tests in Turkey (Dagdas et al., 1998). The eleven-year results are analyzed, but not published. DA ĞDA Ş, S., TOSUN, S., ATASOY, H. ve DA ŞDEM ĐR, Đ., 1998 : Türkiye’ de Sarıçam ( Pinus sylvestris L) Orijin denemelerinin Đlk Sonuçları Đç Anadolu Ormancılık Ara ştırma Enstitüsü Yayınları, Teknik Bülten Serisi, No.:272, Ankara,119 s. 5- Abies grandis lindl Provenance trial in Black Sea Region Western Black Sea Forest Research Directory established it in 1988 on 5 test sides. 24 provenances were tested on 5 test sites. 16 provenances of Abies grandis , 4 provenances of Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach. subsp . nordmanniana ),2 provenances of Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach. subsp. bornmülleriana and 2 provenances of Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach . subsp equi-trojani (Ascher.et Sint.) Coode et Cullen originating from Turkey were tested on 5 test sites. The experiments were laid out in the fields as to ‘‘Randomized Complete Blocks Method’’ with 3 replications. 20 seedlings in square in each block initially represented each provenance. Spacing was 6 m between in a row and 6 m between the rows. 6 test sites are under control. The coordinator institute of this research is Western Black Sea Forest Research Directory. Western Black Sea Forest Research Directory as a technical report published the tenth year results (Atasoy et al., 2003). ATASOY, H., KÜÇÜK, M., ULU, F, 2003: Do ğukaradeniz Bölgesinde Abies grandis (dougl) Lindl. Orijin denemelerinin On Üç Yıllık Sonuçları. Do ğu Karadeniz Ormancılık Ara ştırma Müdürlü ğü, teknik Bülten No: 15, Trabzon 6-Provenance Trial of Stone Pine ( Pinus pinea L.) in Mediterranean region It was established in 1996 on 6 test sides. 19 provenances (4 provenances originating from Turkey, 4 provenance from Lebanon, 4 provenances from Spain, 5 provenances from France, 1 provenance from Italy, 1 Provenance from Greece) were tested on 6 test sites. The list of Stone Pine ( Pinus pinea L.) were given below Table 5. The experiments were laid out in the fields as to ‘‘Randomized Complete Blocks Method’’ with 3 replications. 20 seedlings in square in each block initially represented each provenance. Spacing was 6 m between in a row and 6 m between the rows. 6 test sites are under control. The coordinator institute of ( Pinus pinea L.) is Aegean Forest Research Directory (Izmir).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Yard. Doç. Dr. M. Fatih MÜDERRĠSOĞLU
    Yard. Doç. Dr. M. Fatih MÜDERRĠSOĞLU İş : Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakultesi Sanat Tarihi Bölümü 06800 Beytepe /Ankara Tel : 0 312 297 82 75 Faks : 0 312 297 20 05 I-ÖZGEÇMĠġ Üniversite :Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Arkeoloji – Sanat Tarihi Bölümü (1983) Lisans Tezi :Bursa Yıldırım Bayezıt Külliyesi , 2 Cilt (1983) Yüksek Lisans :Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Yüksek Lisans Tezi :Edirne II. Bayezid Külliyesi , 2 Cilt (1986) Doktora :Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Doktora Tezi :16.Yüzyılda Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda İnşa Edilen Menzil Külliyeleri, 2 Cilt (1993) AraĢtırma Görevliliği: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü (1985-1991); Edebiyat Fakültesi (1991-1995) Öğretim Görevliliği : Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi (1995-1997) Yardımcı Doçent : Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi (1997- ) II- ÜNĠVERSĠTE DIġI GÖREVLENDĠRME : T.C. Kültür Bakanlığı Kültür ve Tabiat Varlıklarını Koruma Genel Müdürlüğü Trabzon Bölge Kurulu Üyeliği (1995-97) Başkent Üniversitesi Güzel Sanatlar ve Tasarım Fakültesi’nde saat başı ek ücretle görevlendirme. (2004-05 Bahar) Ufuk Üniversitesi İngilizce Öğretmenliği Bölümü’nde saat başı ek ücretle görevlendirme (2007-08 ve 2008-2009 Güz dönemleri III- ULUSAL VE ULUSLAR ARASI SEMĠNER , KONGRE , SEMPOZYUM VE PANELLER : Uluslar Arası 1-“Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun Doğu Akdeniz’deki İskelesi Payas ve Sokullu Mehmet Paşa Menzil Külliyesi” , 9. Milletlerarası Türk Sanatları Kongresi’ne Sunulan Bildiri , Ġstanbul Eylül 1991, Kültür Bakanlığı
    [Show full text]
  • Tentative Lists Submitted by States Parties As of 15 April 2021, in Conformity with the Operational Guidelines
    World Heritage 44 COM WHC/21/44.COM/8A Paris, 4 June 2021 Original: English UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE Extended forty-fourth session Fuzhou (China) / Online meeting 16 – 31 July 2021 Item 8 of the Provisional Agenda: Establishment of the World Heritage List and of the List of World Heritage in Danger 8A. Tentative Lists submitted by States Parties as of 15 April 2021, in conformity with the Operational Guidelines SUMMARY This document presents the Tentative Lists of all States Parties submitted in conformity with the Operational Guidelines as of 15 April 2021. • Annex 1 presents a full list of States Parties indicating the date of the most recent Tentative List submission. • Annex 2 presents new Tentative Lists (or additions to Tentative Lists) submitted by States Parties since 16 April 2019. • Annex 3 presents a list of all sites included in the Tentative Lists of the States Parties to the Convention, in alphabetical order. Draft Decision: 44 COM 8A, see point II I. EXAMINATION OF TENTATIVE LISTS 1. The World Heritage Convention provides that each State Party to the Convention shall submit to the World Heritage Committee an inventory of the cultural and natural sites situated within its territory, which it considers suitable for inscription on the World Heritage List, and which it intends to nominate during the following five to ten years. Over the years, the Committee has repeatedly confirmed the importance of these Lists, also known as Tentative Lists, for planning purposes, comparative analyses of nominations and for facilitating the undertaking of global and thematic studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Bölüm Adı : SANAT TARİHİ
    Bölüm Adı : SANAT TARİHİ Tüm Dönemler EDSTN 217 - Arkeoloji Anadolu Uyg-III - Kredi: 2( T : 2 - U : 0 ) - AKTS : 4 Paleolitik /Epipaleolitik Dönem ve Özellikleri , Anadolu dışındaki önemli Paleolitik Merkezler(Alatamira ve Lascaux Mağaraları) , Anadoludaki Paleolitik dönem mağaralarından örnekler( Karain, Öküzini Yarımburgaz, Dülük, Palanlı Kaletepe vd.) , Anadoludaki Paleolitik Dönem yerleşmeleri , Mezolitik Çağ ve bu döneme ait yerleşim alanları , Aseramik /Erken Neolitik Çağ Yerleşmeleri , Madenin kullanımı , Erken Neolitik Dönem (seramiksiz dönem) ve Natuf Kültürü , Erken Neolitik Çağ Yerleşmeleri (Göbeklitepe, Hallan Çemi,Nevala Çori, Çayönü,Aşıklı höyük , Çayönü ve madenin kullanımı konut mimarisinin gelişimi , Çatalhöyük Seramiksiz ve seramikli dönem , Çatal Höyükte Konut Mimarisi , Ölü Gömme ve Ata Kültü geleneği , Çatalhöyük Konutlarındaki Kültsel yapılar ve din olgusu , EDSTN 449 - Çağdaş Sanat-I - Kredi: 2( T : 2 - U : 0 ) - AKTS : 5 Neoklasizm ve realizm , Romantizm , Empresyonizm , Sembolizm , Ekspresyonizm , Bauhaus , Fovizm , ARA SINAV , Kübizm , Fütürizm , Dadaizm , Konstrüktivizm , Süpremaztizm , De Stijl Grubu ve Sürrealizm , EDSTN 219 - Ortaçağ İslam Sanatı-III - Kredi: 2( T : 2 - U : 0 ) - AKTS : 4 Karahanlı Dönemi hakkında genel bilgi ve yapı grupları ile genel özellikleri , Karahanlı Dönemi Türkistan Camileri (Çilburç, Başhane, Dehistan,) , Talhatan Baba, Buhara Namazgah Magaki Attari camileri , Karahanlı Minareleri Burana, Kalan minareleri) , Can kurgan Vabkent minareleri , Karahanlı türbeleri (Tim Arap Ata, Ayşe Bibi) , Özkent Türbeleri, Şeyh Fazıl Türbesi , Karahanlı Hanları (Manakeldi, Daye Hatun) , Akçakale, Dehistan Hanları , Karahanlı Dönemi taşınabilir eserlerden örnekler , Gazneli dönemi minareleri (III. Mesut Sultan Mahmut Minareleri) , Gazneli Türbeleri (Aslancazip, Babahatim) , Gazneli dönemi sarayları (Leşger-i Bazar, III. Mesut) , Gazneli dönemi taşınabilir eserlerden örnekler , EDSTN 237 - Bizans Sanatı I - Kredi: 2( T : 2 - U : 0 ) - AKTS : 4 Byzansolojinin ortaya çıkışı , anlamı, gelişmi.
    [Show full text]
  • Yeni Bir Belgeye Göre XVI. Yüzyılın İlk Yarısında Osmanlı Mülâzemet Sistemi
    ERCAN ALAN Yeni Bir Belgeye Göre XVI. Yüzyılın İlk Yarısında Osmanlı Mülâzemet Sistemi Ercan Alan* Ottoman Mulâzamat System in the First Half of the 16th Century in the Light of a New Document Abstract Mulazemet was a prerequisite for joining the Ottoman ilmiye establish- ment. This paper is a study of a mulazemet register dated 906-911 Hijri (1501- 1506), the earliest mulazemet register found so far. It shows that the mulazemet system gained its shape and form in the reign of Bayezid II. Although it is known that mulazemet system was in use since the end of the 15th century, how it was applied has remained obscure. It is generally accepted that mulazemet system was systematized by Ebussuud Efendi in the second half of 16th century during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. Beginning with İsmail Hakkı Uzunçarşılı, several researchers have studied different aspects of the issue, still, the development of the mulazemet system has remained in the dark. A detailed analysis of this register shows that mulazemet was already a systematized practice during the reign of Bayezid II. Keywords: Bayezid II, Ilmiye, Kadiasker of Rumelia, Ruznamce register, Qadâ, Qâdi, Madrasa, Mudarris, Mulazemet, 16th century. Daha çok, ilmiye mesleğindeki intisap süreçlerini ve mesleki kariyere baş- langıç aşamalarını ifade eden bir terim olarak mülâzemet medrese mezunları- nın müderris ya da kadı olmak için isimlerinin deftere kaydedilmesiyle başlayan kadı veya müderrislik adaylığı süreci ile fiili olarak kadı ve müderrislik yaparken “müddet-i örfiye” olarak da adlandırılan muayyen görev sürelerini dolduran kadı * Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Osmanlı Araştırmaları / The Journal of Ottoman Studies, XLIX (2017), 89-124 89 MÜLÂZEMET SİSTEMİ ve müderrislerin yeni bir göreve atanıncaya kadar İstanbul’da geçirdikleri mazuli- yet ve mesleki gelişim/eğitim sürecini ifade etmektedir.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Classification of the Turkish Terranes and Sutures and Its Implication for the Paleotectonic History of the Region
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Tectonophysics 451 (2008) 7–39 www.elsevier.com/locate/tecto A new classification of the Turkish terranes and sutures and its implication for the paleotectonic history of the region ⁎ Patrice Moix a, , Laurent Beccaletto b, Heinz W. Kozur c, Cyril Hochard a, François Rosselet d, Gérard M. Stampfli a a Institut de Géologie et de Paléontologie, Université de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland b BRGM, Service GEOlogie / Géologie des Bassins Sédimentaires, 3 Av. Cl. Guillemin - BP 36009, FR-45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France c Rézsü u. 83, H-1029 Budapest, Hungary d IHS Energy, 24, chemin de la Mairie, CH-1258 Perly, Switzerland Received 15 October 2007; accepted 6 November 2007 Available online 14 December 2007 Abstract The Turkish part of the Tethyan realm is represented by a series of terranes juxtaposed through Alpine convergent movements and separated by complex suture zones. Different terranes can be defined and characterized by their dominant geological background. The Pontides domain represents a segment of the former active margin of Eurasia, where back-arc basins opened in the Triassic and separated the Sakarya terrane from neighbouring regions. Sakarya was re-accreted to Laurasia through the Balkanic mid-Cretaceous orogenic event that also affected the Rhodope and Strandja zones. The whole region from the Balkans to the Caucasus was then affected by a reversal of subduction and creation of a Late Cretaceous arc before collision with the Anatolian domain in the Eocene. If the Anatolian terrane underwent an evolution similar to Sakarya during the Late Paleozoic and Early Triassic times, both terranes had a diverging history during and after the Eo-Cimmerian collision.
    [Show full text]
  • Aegean Trees and Timbers: Dendrochronological Survey of the Island of Symi
    Article Aegean Trees and Timbers: Dendrochronological Survey of the Island of Symi Anastasia Christopoulou 1,* , Barbara Gmi ´nska-Nowak 1, Yasemin Özarslan 2 and Tomasz Wa˙zny 1 1 Centre for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Faculty of Fine Arts, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toru´n,Poland; [email protected] (B.G.-N.); [email protected] (T.W.) 2 Department of Archaeology and History of Art, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 15 October 2020; Accepted: 25 November 2020; Published: 27 November 2020 Abstract: The current study presents the results of the first dendrochronological survey performed over the East Aegean island of Symi. Research Highlights: Dendrochronological research of the East Aegean region is of paramount importance since dendrochronological data from the region, and especially the islands, are still limited. Background and Objectives: The main aim of the study is to explore the dendrochronological potential of the island, focusing on the dating of historical wood and buildings as well as dendroprovenancing. Materials and Methods: A total of 57 wood samples were collected from historical timber from windmills and architectural elements, including doors and warehouse planks, while 68 cores were collected from the three dominant tree species of the island—Cupressus sempervirens, Pinus brutia, and Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis—in an attempt to develop local reference chronologies that could be useful in dating historical timber Results: Of the historical timber, at least nine different species have been detected, with conifers representing the majority of the collected material. In total, 56% of the dendroarchaeological samples, belonging to four different species, were dated absolutely.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Branch Number on Quality Traits and Yield Properties of European Hazelnut (Corylus Avellana L.)
    agriculture Article Effects of Branch Number on Quality Traits and Yield Properties of European Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) Tuba Bak 1 and Turan Karadeniz 2,* 1 Crop and Animal Production Department, Mudurnu Süreyya Astarcı Vocational School, Bolu Abant Izzet˙ Baysal University, Mudurnu, Bolu 14800, Turkey; [email protected] 2 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bolu Abant Izzet˙ Baysal University, Bolu 14030, Turkey * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +90-530-203-88-66 Abstract: Despite being the world leader in the production of hazelnuts, Turkey’s nut yield per hectare is quite behind other producer countries. The main reasons for low yield are the completion of the economic life of hazelnut orchards and the lack of pruning following the technique. Hazelnuts are being grown with the ‘ocak’ system in Turkey. The ocak system is a bush-like growing technique that does not contain the main trunk but consists of shoots instead. It is necessary to maintain the optimum number of shoots per ocak to increase yield and quality in this system. The effects of different branch numbers on yield and fruit quality parameters of ‘Tombul’ and ‘Palaz’ hazelnut cultivars were investigated in Ordu ecological conditions. ‘Palaz’ had the highest yield per ocak in 8 branches (1460.19 g), while ‘Tombul’ had in the 5 branched ocak (2170.47 g). ‘Palaz’ and ‘Tombul’ had the highest fruit weights in 4 and 4–6 branches, respectively. The highest oil ratio of ‘Palaz’ was observed in 4 branches, while ‘Tombul’ had the highest in 5 branches. The highest kernel ratio was determined in 6 and 5 branches in ‘Palaz’ and ‘Tombul’, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Pinus Brutia
    Priorities on the Utilization of the Results of Ankara-İlyakut Turkish Red Pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) Provenance Trial in Related Semi-Arid Conditions of Central Anatolia a) 26 Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) provenance trials were established in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 1988 and 1989 throughout the country. • Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) provenance trials are of international based. One sample plot established in Northern Cyprus. a) In İlyakut sample plot 40 km away from Ankara, 36 provenances of Pinus brutia Ten. included in the trial in 1989. c) Periodical observations done each year and collected data analyzed in 1993 (5th year), 1998 (10th year), and 2001 (14th year). d) Growth and survival rates were analyzed. e) New observations made last month. Turning Statistics into Knowledge -I a)It has been shown that; 14-year old experiment has essential clues for reaching conclusions. b)Response to environmental changes are clear among provenances. • All provenances from Cyprus are of non-resistant to frost from the beginning. c) There are cold resistant provenances from different altitudes, latitudes, and longitudes. Turning Statistics into Knowledge -II d) For Pinus brutia the main important variations to be searched for frost resistance, survival, and growth rate respectively. e) There were significant differences among provenances for growth rate, survival, and tolerance… f) All provenances are very tolerant to drought comparing to the Taurus Cedar and Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold subsp. nigra var. caramanica planted in the same locality.g) Turning Statistics into Knowledge -III a) the most adaptable fastest growing, pest and frost resistant provenances are: • 3 (Anamur-Gökçesu-600 m), 5 (Gülnar-Pembecik- 650 m), • 7 (Silifke-Kızlardağı-125 m), 29 (Antakya-Uluçınar-385 m), • 23 (Sındırgı-Bigadiç-350 m), 35 (Siirt-Fındık-700 m), • 4 (Anamur-Yivil-650 m), 27 (Sütçüler-Karadağ-650 m), • 10 (Bucak-Merkez-800 m), 33 (Dursunbey-Delikdere-600 m), • 6 (Tarsus-Karakoyak- 800 m), 24 (M.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigation of Antimicrobial Effect of Honey Collected from Various Regions of Turkey
    Apiacta 4, 2001 INVESTIGATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF HONEY COLLECTED FROM VARIOUS REGIONS OF TURKEY H. SELCUK, K. NEVIN Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology 06532-Beytepe/Ankara, TURKEY E-mail: [email protected] Summary The antimicrobial effect of honey was evaluated by an in vitro study testing the growth of various Gram-negative and Gram- positive bacteria and a yeast in media containing varying concentrations of honey. A total of seventy three honey samples collected from various regions of Turkey were tested for their antimicrobial activity. It was found that most of the honey samples at a concentration of 50% and above exerted inhibitory effects on bacteria but not on the yeast. Honey collected from Rize-Anzer region was found the most effective honey on clinically bacterial isolates. Key words: Honey/honeybee/antibacterial effect/natural products Introduction Honey is a nutritiously rich food product that is consumed by human populations throughout the world. Besides its nutritional value, it also contains antibacterial agents with different floral activity. It was re- ported that honey had antimicrobial activity, against a number of Gram positive and Gram negative bacte- ria[16; 19; 8; 15; 4; 1] and Candida albicans[9]. The antibacterial activity of honey has been attributed both to physical factors: osmolority[14; 5; 17] and acidity[5; 11; 18] and chemical factors: hydrogenperoxide[1,17], cecropin-A and mellitin, methyl 3,5-dimethoxy-4- hydroxybenzoate, methyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate, 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoicid, 3,5-dimethoxy-4 hydroxy- benzoic acid (syringic acid), tetracyclin, nectar, volatiles, propolis and unidentified substances from certain floral sources[4; 12; 6; 15; 2; 3; 19; 18].
    [Show full text]
  • Biblical World
    MAPS of the PAUL’SBIBLICAL MISSIONARY JOURNEYS WORLD MILAN VENICE ZAGREB ROMANIA BOSNA & BELGRADE BUCHAREST HERZEGOVINA CROATIA SAARAJEVO PISA SERBIA ANCONA ITALY Adriatic SeaMONTENEGRO PRISTINA Black Sea PODGORICA BULGARIA PESCARA KOSOVA SOFIA ROME SINOP SKOPJE Sinope EDIRNE Amastris Three Taverns FOGGIA MACEDONIA PONTUS SAMSUN Forum of Appius TIRANA Philippi ISTANBUL Amisos Neapolis TEKIRDAG AMASYA NAPLES Amphipolis Byzantium Hattusa Tyrrhenian Sea Thessalonica Amaseia ORDU Puteoli TARANTO Nicomedia SORRENTO Pella Apollonia Marmara Sea ALBANIA Nicaea Tavium BRINDISI Beroea Kyzikos SAPRI CANAKKALE BITHYNIA ANKARA Troy BURSA Troas MYSIA Dorylaion Gordion Larissa Aegean Sea Hadrianuthera Assos Pessinous T U R K E Y Adramytteum Cotiaeum GALATIA GREECE Mytilene Pergamon Aizanoi CATANZARO Thyatira CAPPADOCIA IZMIR ASIA PHRYGIA Prymnessus Delphi Chios Smyrna Philadelphia Mazaka Sardis PALERMO Ionian Sea Athens Antioch Pisidia MESSINA Nysa Hierapolis Rhegium Corinth Ephesus Apamea KONYA COMMOGENE Laodicea TRAPANI Olympia Mycenae Samos Tralles Iconium Aphrodisias Arsameia Epidaurus Sounion Colossae CATANIA Miletus Lystra Patmos CARIA SICILY Derbe ADANA GAZIANTEP Siracuse Sparta Halicarnassus ANTALYA Perge Tarsus Cnidus Cos LYCIA Attalia Side CILICIA Soli Korakesion Korykos Antioch Patara Mira Seleucia Rhodes Seleucia Malta Anemurion Pieria CRETE MALTA Knosos CYPRUS Salamis TUNISIA Fair Haven Paphos Kition Amathous SYRIA Kourion BEIRUT LEBANON PAUL’S MISSIONARY JOURNEYS DAMASCUS Prepared by Mediterranean Sea Sidon FIRST JOURNEY : Nazareth SECOND
    [Show full text]
  • Lebanon Presenation
    Qadisha Valley and the Cedars of Lebanon The Cedars of God Arz ar-Rabb “Cedars of the Lord”) is one of the last vestiges of the extensive forestsب رﻻ زرأ :The Cedars of God (Arabic • of the Lebanon Cedar,Cedrus libani , that once thrived across Mount Lebanon in ancient times. • Their timber was exploited by the Phoenicians, Egyptians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, Romans, and Turks.The wood was prized by Egyptians for ship building;the Ottoman Empire used the cedars in railway construction. Mountains of Lebanon Mountains of Lebanon and Interesting Myths. • The Mountains of Lebanon were once shaded by thick cedar forests and the tree is the symbol of the country. • It was once said that a battle occurred between the demigods and the humans over the beautiful and divine forest of Cedar trees near southern Mesopotamia. • This forest, once protected by the Sumerian God Enlil, was completely bared of its trees when humans entered its grounds 4700 years ago, after winning the battle against the guardians of the forest. • The story also tells that Gilgamesh used cedar wood to build his city. History and Biblical History • The Phoenicians used the Cedars Woods for their merchant fleets. • The Egyptians used cedar resin for the mummification process and the cedar wood for some of “their first hieroglyph bearing rolls of papyrus”. • In the Bible, Solomon procured cedar timber to build the Temple in Jerusalem. • During World War I, British troops used cedar to build railroads. • In 1876, Queen Victoria paid for a high stone wall to protect the cedars of God from browsing by goats • The emperor Hadrian claimed these forests as an imperial domain, and destruction of the cedar forests was temporarily halted.
    [Show full text]
  • RESILIENT CEDARS Centuries of Exploitation Have Decimated Lebanon’S Forests, with Its Famous Cedars the Hardest Hit
    EXPLORE RESILIENT CEDARS Centuries of exploitation have decimated Lebanon’s forests, with its famous cedars the hardest hit. However, reforestation efforts are showing promising results. 30 FLASHES / JULY 2018 ENVIRONMENT Although the Lebanon cedar, Cedrus libani, is Thankfully, government bodies, USAID’s Lebanon endemic to mountains around the Eastern Medi- Reforestation Initiative (LRI) and other environ- terranean in Lebanon, Syria and Turkey, it is most mental activists are making progress to reverse that closely associated with the former, as it is the national trend – one seedling at a time. Last month, LRI symbol of Lebanon and the central feature of the championed its tree adoption scheme on World Envi- country’s flag. ronment Day, while in November 2017, more than In Lebanon, like many other parts of the world, 2000 people gathered on the summit of Lebanon’s a combination of ecological, socio-economic and Arz Bcharre Mountain and planted 5000 cedar seed- cultural changes has dramatically increased the vul- lings. Those volunteers came from Bcharre families nerability of ecosystems. These factors, combined and neighbouring communities, scouts and activists, with water shortages, extreme weather events and representatives of civil society, private sector employ- large-scale disturbances have seen Lebanon’s green ees, as well as university and school students from spaces shrink to just 13% of the country. across the country. Lebanon’s cedars have been particularly hard hit. The event, organised by LRI and in close collabora- Centuries of deforestation have seen the tree’s former tion with the Municipality of Bcharre, was attended by range of 500,000 hectares reduced to 2000 hectares Lebanon’s First Lady Nadia Aoun, and was aimed at (0.4% of original estimated forest cover).
    [Show full text]