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Ревизские Записи 1816-1817 Гг. По 6-Му И 9-Му

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Ревизские Записи 1816-1817 Гг. По 6-Му И 9-Му БЭИП «Суюн»; Том.2, Июль 2015, №7 [1,2]; ISSN:2410-1788 ОГУЗСКИЕ КЛАНЫ: ЭТНОГЕНЕЗ И ГЕНОГЕОГРАФИЯ — 1 Б.А.Муратов, Р.Р.Суюнов В ноябре-декабре 2014 года этногеномико-историческим проектом «Суюн» была организована экспедиция в Турцию по ДНК-тестированию огузских[1] кланов. Древние турецкие рода, собственно и есть носители тюркского языка в Анатолии, восходят к 24 коленам огузов. Остальные жители Турции — являются потомками местного дотюркского населения региона — армян, сирийцев, лазов, курдов, греков и др. Схема 1. Онгоны 24-х огузских колен Согласно предварительным данным по тесту Y-DNA, наследники этих 24 колен огузов не являются родственниками, а большей частью относятся к потомкам различных союзных племѐн, объединѐнных легендарным Огуз-ханом. Сам Огуз-хан, вероятно, являлся реальной исторической личностью, представителем дома Ашина, к генеалогии которого восходят правящие рода из кыныков (сельджуки) и кайев (османы). Родо- племенная структура огузов тождественна древнехуннской, известно, что древние хунну делились на 24 клана[2], на правое и левое крылья[3]. У огузов также были два крыла, правое (внешнее) — серые стрелы (бозуки), и левое (внутреннее) крыло — три стрелы (учуки), вместе составляющие 24 колена[4]. 648 BEHP «Suyun»; Vol.2, July 2015, №7 [1,2]; ISSN:2410-1788 Б О З У К И Гюн Кайы Баят Алка-эвли Кара-эвли Ай Япарлы Языр Догер Додурга Кызык Каркын Юлдыз Афшар Бегдили У Ч У К И Гѐк Баяндыр Печенек Чавулдур Чепни Даг Салур Эймур Алаюнтлу Юрегир Игдир Бюгдюз Ива Кынык Денгиз Схема 2. Тамги 24-х огузских колен 649 БЭИП «Суюн»; Том.2, Июль 2015, №7 [1,2]; ISSN:2410-1788 Легендарный же образ Огуз-хана — правителя этих 24-х колен огузов, вобрал в себя не только исторические, но и мифологические и космогонические сюжеты. Совпадение родоплеменной-структуры хунну и огузов позволило ряду исследователей выдвинуть гипотезу о том, что хуннский Модэ-шаньюй тождественен легендарному Огуз- хану[5]. На это указывало в частности то обстоятельство, что, как и Модэ стал объединителем 24-х хуннских родов, так и Огуз-хан у огузов считался правителем 24 огузских колен. Конечно, образ Огуз-хана является собирательным и мифологизированным, на него позднее наслаивались образы разных исторических личностей, живших в различные исторические эпохи. К примеру, к сказочным можно отнести сюжет, где согласно мифу Огуз-хан разделил между сыновьями посланные ему небом лук и стрелы. Лук, разломанный на три части, достаѐтся старшим сыновьям, почему их племена называются «бозук» («ломать на части»), а стрелы — младшим, племенам «учук» («три стрелы»)[6]. По другой версии слово «Бозук» состоит из сочетания двух тюркских слов: ‘боз’ — ‘серый’ и ‘ук’ — ‘стрела’. Но, вероятно под именем Огуз-хана, действительно обозначен реальный человек, но не хуннский Модэ-шаньюй, а ставленник из дома Ашина, живший VI-VIII веках н.э. Именно этот правитель из рода Ашина, стал прародителем огузских династий Сельджуков и Османов. В пользу этого предположения, свидетельствует тот аргумент, что принцы из рода Ашина назначались в числе степной аристократии у тюркских родов. В таком случае возможно, легендарный Огуз- хан соответствует одному из ашинидов, потомков Истеми- кагана, но этот вопрос требует отдельного исследования. Как было отмечено выше на образе этого правителя из дома Ашина — Огуз-хане, отразились мифологические и исторические сюжеты, объясняющие как космогонию и мифологию древних огузов, так и исторические события, происходящие в державе хунну и в Тюркском каганате. Так в этимологии имѐн шести сыновей Огуз-хана обнаруживаются элементы древних языческих верований огузов. 650 BEHP «Suyun»; Vol.2, July 2015, №7 [1,2]; ISSN:2410-1788 Крыло Род Колено Значение Династии Кайи Крепкий, Основатели здоровый Османской династии Баят С новой Каджарская страной с династия большим благососто янием Алкаевли Может пойти куда угодно, успешный Караевли Чѐрный дом — Потомки Гюн Хана шатѐр Языр Правитель над многими странами Дѐгер Собирающи е вместе, приходящи е к одному месту Додурга Иметь Потомки Ай Хана долю, БОЗУКИ (СЕРЫЕ СТРЕЛЫ) ханство Япарлы Афшар Склонный к Династия охоте на Афшаридов. проворных, Частично диких династия животных Караманиды Кызык Мощный, серьѐзный в запрете Бегдили Дорогой бий, Господин Каркын Громадный Потомки Юлдыз Хана 651 БЭИП «Суюн»; Том.2, Июль 2015, №7 [1,2]; ISSN:2410-1788 Баяндур Место, Основатели постоянно династии полное Ак-Коюнлу средствами Беджене Хорошо творящий, усердный Чавулдур Почѐтный, славный Чепни Сразу воюющий, как увидит Потомки Гѐк Хана врага Салур Где бы ни Династии был, Караманиды найдѐт и силу своей государства ЕЛЫ) сабле и Салгурлу в дубинке Ираке Эймур Богатый и хороший Алаюнтлу Их кобылы (Алаюндлу) и скот хорошие УЧУКИ УЧУКИ (ТРИ СТР Юрегир Создатель Рамаданиды хорошей династия работы и Потомки Даг Хана порядка Югдир Благость, (Игдир) великость, мужество Бюгдюр Скромный, (Бюгдюз) почтенный Ива Выше, чем Основатели у всех династии остальных Кара- Коюнлу Кынык Везде Основатели дорогой империи Потомки Денгиз Хана человек Сельджуков Схема 3. Огузские рода (составитель — Нурия Гарипова © ) 652 BEHP «Suyun»; Vol.2, July 2015, №7 [1,2]; ISSN:2410-1788 Сыновья Огуз-хана названы соответственно с космогоническими представлениями тюрков об окружающем их мире Природы — Гюн-хан (Солнце), Ай-хан (Луна), Юлдыз-хан (Звезда), Гѐк-хан (Небо), Даг-хан (Гора), Денгиз-хан (Море). Примечательно в этом списке, что колено огузов — кайи, отнесены к потомкам Гюн-хана. С образом мифического Гюн- хана нами соотносится древнее туранское племя саков-хионов, в средневековье известно в т.ч. и как телеское (огузское) племя ‘кун’. Рис.1. Герб Глинских (предполагаемых потомков Мамая) в г. Полтаве — лук со стрелой и тамги кайев — ук (стрела), казахов-адайцев — ок (стрела) Рис.2. Сокол на охоте и тамга ‘яғылбай-kояш’ (сокол- солнце) у потомков кунов — башкир-телеу В русских летописях колено кайев именуется каепичами (ковуями)[7], а куны названы ‘хинове’. Сами половцы называли кайев — кай-оба[8], кунов — хуунами[9]. В башкирской родо- 653 БЭИП «Суюн»; Том.2, Июль 2015, №7 [1,2]; ISSN:2410-1788 племенной структуре, кайи известны под названием кайпан[10], а куны под своим собственным именем — хуун[11]. У кайев зафиксирована ‘сокол-тамга’; а ‘ворота-тамга’ — фигурирует в хрониках государства Тан[12], как тамга телеского племени кун (хун)[13] — предков кунов-кипчаков. Рис.3. Дербник-сокол (А — полѐт, Б — пикетирование) и тамга яғылбай (дербник-сокол) у потомков кунов — нугай- бурзянских башкир Нугай-бурзянская тамга означает поражающая сверху стрела, словно сокол, ниспадающий сверху. Рис.4. Тамга уранкаев (лук и стрелы) 654 BEHP «Suyun»; Vol.2, July 2015, №7 [1,2]; ISSN:2410-1788 Обратите внимание не только на схожесть герба Полтавы у Глинских с нугай-бурзянской тамгой — сокол, но и на четыре 6- ти конечные звезды на гербе, что означает 24 колена. Столько же 24 колена насчитывается у Огуз-хана. Примечательно, что этногенез адайцев связывают с сельджуками и с кипчаками, а тувинцев-уранкайцев с сибирскими воинами, состоящими в войсках клана кайев. Карта 1. Держава сельджуков Аристократия кайев, из которых позднее вышла династия Османов были огузскими по происхождению кланами, из дома Ашина. Но рядовые воины кайев были преимущественно потомками местных сибирских (угро-финнских, других тюркских и монгольских родов). Одной из фамилий нугай-бурзянских башкир является фамилия Суюнов, которая восходит к этнониму ‘хуун’, и является родовой фамилией. Родовая фамилия Суюнов в составе нугай- бурзянских башкир входит в родовое подразделение (ара) — ‘буре’, что значит ‘волк’. Возможно, это связано с тем, что ара ‘буре’ является обозначением потомков ханов Ашина, но это необходимо перепроверять тестированием прямых документально подтверждѐнных потомков рода Ашина в Китае, либо данными ДНК-археологии по захоронениям Ашина в Китае. 655 БЭИП «Суюн»; Том.2, Июль 2015, №7 [1,2]; ISSN:2410-1788 Потомки огузского Ай-хана в русских летописях (в 1160, 1162 гг.) известны как аепичи[14], у половцев назывались ай-оба, а у башкир их имя сохранилось в названии клана айле[15]. Один из принцев Ашина (потомок Истеми-кагана), вероятно назначенный по принципам степной аристократии управлять телескими (огузскими) кунами, и стал впоследствии предком кайев. Этот исторический факт позднее отразился в мифологии огузов, где кайи показаны потомками Гюн-хана, т.е. кунов. Либо можно рассматривать и вторую версию, что сами Ашина происходили от кунов, а куны происходили уже от саков. Тут интересен тот факт, что Ашина в древних китайских летописях показаны выходцами из дома Со. Китаевед С.П.Гущин отмечал по этому поводу, что саки по-китайски звучит как «сохэ» 索诃, что совпадает с иероглифами про «владетельный дом Со» 索國. Для проверки можно обратиться в Китайский толковый словарь, где дано диалектное прочтение иероглифа «сохэ» в форме «saak» 索. Также в китайских фонетических базах иероглиф 索 = sāk/sak указан в старом его прочтении. «В итоге непонятный «Владетельный дом Со», указанный в качестве предков дома Ашина — превращается в «Сакскую Землю» где-то севернее хунну… т.е. те земли где Пазырыкские курганы и плоскогорье Укок»[16], — заключает С.П.Гущин. Саки-хионы или саки благословенные (саки солнечные) упоминаются в Авесте под именем туранского клана Хиона. В тюркской ономастике солнечные саки-хионы стали именоваться кунами (гюн), что на древнетюркском также значит — ‘солнце’[17] (сравните, с современным турецким обозначением солнца — ‘гюнеш’). Эти сако-хионитские племена являются предками многих тюркских (саксины, кыпсаки, шакманы), иранских (шака, сакаманы, саи) и индоарийских (шакья, сакьямуни) кланов, саки-хионы
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