Universidade De São Paulo Faculdade De Filosofia, Letras E Ciências Humanas Departamento De História Programa De Pós-Graduação Em História Social

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Universidade De São Paulo Faculdade De Filosofia, Letras E Ciências Humanas Departamento De História Programa De Pós-Graduação Em História Social UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE HISTÓRIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA SOCIAL EUSTÁQUIO ORNELAS COTA JR. A Formação da Coleção Latino-Americana do Museu de Arte Moderna de Nova York: cultura e política (1931-1943) (VERSÃO CORRIGIDA) São Paulo 2016 2 EUSTÁQUIO ORNELAS COTA JR. A Formação da Coleção Latino-Americana do Museu de Arte Moderna de Nova York: cultura e política (1931-1943) (VERSÃO CORRIGIDA) Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Social da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo para obtenção do título de Mestre. Área de Concentração: História Social Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Maria Ligia Coelho Prado São Paulo 2016 3 Autorizo a reprodução e divulgação total ou parcial deste trabalho, por qualquer meio convencional ou eletrônico, para fins de estudo ou pesquisa, desde que citada a fonte. 4 Nome: COTA JR., Eustáquio Ornelas Título: A Formação da Coleção Latino-Americana do Museu de Arte Moderna de Nova York: cultura e política (1931-1943) Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em História Social da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo para obtenção do título de Mestre. Aprovado em: Banca Examinadora Profa. Dra. ___________________________Instituição:________________________ Julgamento: __________________________Assinatura:________________________ Profa. Dra. ___________________________Instituição:________________________ Julgamento: __________________________Assinatura:________________________ Profa. Dra. ___________________________Instituição:________________________ Julgamento: __________________________Assinatura:________________________ 5 Aos meus pais e irmãs, pelo apoio e carinho; À Ligia, minha eterna professora, por tudo que me ensinou; Ao Fellype, com amor, pela companhia em todos os momentos. 6 Agradecimentos Este é o momento de expressar a minha gratidão a todos e todas que colaboraram diretamente ou indiretamente para a realização desta grande conquista da minha vida. Desde criança, três mulheres me inspiraram pela determinação, doçura e inteligência, que são as minhas avós Eurídice Ornelas Cota (In memoriam), Filonilia Silva Sena (In memoriam) e Euzápia Doerl. Pensando nelas, agradeço às famílias Ornelas Cota e Doerl pelas torcidas. Agradeço aos meus pais, Eustáquio Ornelas Cota e Euzane Doerl, por me ensinarem o valor da liberdade de escolha e por apoiarem as minhas decisões. À Ildete Ferreira e Gabriel, pelo cuidado e carinho. Nada disso poderia existir, se eu não realizasse uma grande travessia na minha vida: a mudança para São Paulo. Agradeço à Thaise Doerl, por me abrir tantas portas e pelo suporte de uma verdadeira irmã. Também, às minhas sobrinhas Sofia e Lara, meu cunhado Emídio e minha avó “postiça” Dona Dalva, por comporem a minha família paulistana. À Cláudia Ferreira Anísio, a irmã que escolhi, por todo o apoio, acolhida e amor que somente uma grande amizade pode proporcionar. Também à Dona Julieta, pelo carinho e exemplo. Ao Alexandre Ricardi, meu grande amigo e colega de profissão, por todas as trocas acadêmicas e pessoais que tornam a minha vida mais rica. O ingresso no curso de História, da Universidade de São Paulo, marcou a minha vida. Conheci pessoas incríveis que colaboraram para o meu crescimento profissional, pessoal e para a realização deste trabalho. À minha orientadora, a professora Maria Ligia Coelho Prado, um pilar deste sonho. O trato humano e sábio com os seus alunos me cativou tanto quanto o amor pela América Latina. O seu apoio em momentos decisivos, não me deixou desistir. Além disso, aprendi em cada correção e ensinamento o que é ser historiador. Ligia, você é 7 uma daquelas pessoas raras que nos estimulam a descobrir um novo mundo. Este trabalho também é dedicado a você, minha mestra. À professora Maria Helena Rolim Capelato, com quem divido meu amor pela História e pela arte. A sua presença tem sido fundamental na minha trajetória, pelos ensinamentos, pelas oportunidades, pelos momentos juntos e pelo exemplo. Um privilégio! Minha admiração por você e por seu trabalho é algo imensurável. Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), pelos recursos, sem os quais não poderia ter me dedicado tanto. Às professoras Stella Vilardaga e Gabriela Pellegrino, pelas contribuições significativas e pelos cursos ministrados, de que tive a oportunidade de participar. À professora Ana Magalhães, pelo curso no MAC-USP e pelas colocações brilhantes no meu exame de qualificação. Ao Valdir Santos Júnior, meu amigo, pelas trocas e colaborações. A sua amizade tem sido muito importante para mim. À Marcia Pacito, pelo carinho, indicações e torcida. Espero que possamos nos apoiar sempre. À Romilda Motta, Edméia Ribeiro e Júlia Oliveira, minhas amigas, pelas contribuições, apoio e trocas que ultrapassam o universo acadêmico. Tenho enorme satisfação de estar ao lado de mulheres tão inteligentes e cativantes como vocês. Aos amigos e colegas do antigo Projeto Temático e do atual LEHA, pelas trocas e aprendizagem nos debates de altíssimo nível acerca de nosso continente, além do ambiente acolhedor e amigável. Destaco as amigas e amigos Marília Antunes, Ulisses Alves, Ricardo Streich, Emílio Colmán, Mayra Coan Lago, Patrícia Guimarães e Ivania Motta. À Fabiana Nogueira, Cynthia Liz e Viviani Alves, minhas amigas, pela nossa sintonia e apoio mútuo, que tornam nossa amizade rica e sólida. Também ao time precioso, composto inicialmente por “companheiros (as) de trabalho”, mas que se tornaram grandes amigas e amigos. São eles (as): Rhubia Eloá, Silvia Gomes, Jair Fiori, Laura Juliani, Mônica Torres, Raphael Novais e Marcela Dantas. À Eliane Reis, Mauricio Alito, Gabriel Martins e Taiguara Canindé, amigos queridos. 8 À Dona Neusa, Camila Braz e Jessica Braz, que me acolheram como parte da família e que sempre me apoiaram. Aos alunos e alunas que dão sentido à minha profissão e muito me ensinam. Ao Fellype Braz, meu companheiro, com quem divido minha vida, que me ampara nos momentos mais difíceis, me incentiva a lutar e comemora comigo a cada conquista. Você viveu junto este sonho, com amor, dedico a você. 9 Agora é a guerra, jogo do empurra do lado de cá e jogo de porta do lado de lá! Sufoco de ter só isto à minha volta! Deixem-me respirar! Abram todas as janelas! Abram mais janelas do que todas as janelas que há no mundo! Nenhuma corrente política, que soe a uma ideia grão E o mundo quer a inteligência nova A sensibilidade nova Eu da raça dos navegadores Afirmo que não pode durar Eu da raça dos descobridores Desprezo o que seja menos Que descobrir um novo mundo Proclamo isso bem alto Braços erguidos Fitando o Atlântico E saudando abstratamente o Infinito. Trechos selecionados do poema “Ultimatum”, de Álvaro de Campos (heterônimo de Fernando Pessoa). 10 Resumo COTA JR., Eustáquio Ornelas. A Formação da Coleção Latino-Americana do Museu de Arte Moderna de Nova York: cultura e política (1931-1943). Dissertação (Mestrado) - Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. Este projeto tem como objetivo central analisar a formação da coleção latino-americana do Museu de Arte Moderna de Nova York (MoMA), entre 1931 e 1943, buscando entender as relações entre política e cultura. Essas balizas cronológicas se abrem com a primeira exposição do pintor mexicano, Diego Rivera, ocorrida em 1931, e se fecham com a primeira exposição coletiva de artistas da América Latina no MoMA, em 1943. Por meio da análise do extenso catálogo publicado sobre a coleção, pretendemos acompanhar a sua criação e os principais atores envolvidos nesse empreendimento. Pensamos que o texto tinha a finalidade de justificar artisticamente a formação da coleção e de mostrar uma determinada visão sobre a arte da América Latina. Entendemos que a coleção está conectada com as perspectivas da chamada Política da Boa Vizinhança, que marcou as relações entre os Estados Unidos e os países da América Latina nesse período. Palavras-chave: Arte latino-americana; Museu de Arte Moderna (MoMA, Nova York); Política da Boa Vizinhança. 11 Abstract COTA JR., Eustáquio Ornelas. The Making of the Latin American Collection of the Museum of Modern Art, New York: culture and politics (1931-1943). Dissertação (Mestrado) - Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. This dissertation aims to analyze the making of the Latin American Collection of the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York, between 1931 and 1943, emphasizing the relationship between politics and culture. It begins with the first exhibition of a Mexican artist, Diego Rivera, at the Museum, which took place in 1931, and it ends with the first exhibition of Latin America artists in 1943. Our main source is the extensive catalog of the collection that presents the actors and the ideas involved in the project. The relevance of the collection is connected to the so called Good Neighbor Policy, which designed the international relations between the United States and the countries of Latin America in the period between 1933 and 1945. Keywords: Latin American art; The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA, New York); Good Neighbor Policy 12 Lista de Imagens CAPÍTULO I [Fig. 1] - Diagrama da coleção permanente, desenhado por Alfred Barr Jr., c.1933. The Museum of Modern Art, N.Y. Fonte: BEE, Harriet Schoenholz; ELLIGOTT, Michelle. Art in Our Time: A Chronicle of The Museum of Modern Art. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 2004, p. 39. [Fig. 2] - Diagrama desenhado por Alfred Barr Jr. presente no catálogo da exposição Cubism and Abstract Art, c.1936. The Museum of Modern Art, N.Y. Fonte: BEE, Harriet Schoenholz; ELLIGOTT, Michelle. Art in Our Time: A Chronicle of The Museum of Modern Art. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 2004, p. 45. [Fig. 3] - Fotografia da fachada do MoMA em 1939. The Museum of Modern Art, N.Y. Fonte: BEE, Harriet Schoenholz; ELLIGOTT, Michelle. Art in Our Time: A Chronicle of The Museum of Modern Art. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 2004, p.
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