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Ouvrir La Préface (PDF) V Vorwort meriert (siehe Frontispiz). Die Erst­ entgegen Rachmaninows Willen das ausgabe erschien bei Rachmaninows Opus 33 wieder zu acht Nummern zu Hauptverleger Gutheil in Moskau, wur­ erweitern (oder, durch Einfügung auch de aber von dessen deutschem Partner­ der a­moll­Etüde, sogar zu neun). Die Sergej W. Rachmaninow (1873 – 1943) verlag Breitkopf & Härtel in Leipzig vorliegende Edition respektiert dagegen wandte sich der Gattung der Klavier­ gestochen und gedruckt; in Hofmeisters die vom Autor vorgegebene Gestaltung etüde erstmals 1911 zu, nachdem er im musikalisch- literarischem Monatsbe- von Opus 33 und gibt die beiden von Jahr zuvor seinen großen und über vie­ richt wird Opus 33 (weiterhin mit neun Rachmaninow ausgesonderten Num­ le Jahre hinweg entstandenen Zyklus Nummern) im April 1914 angezeigt. mern separat im Anhang wieder. der 24 Préludes zum Abschluss ge­ 1916, nach Ausbruch des 1. Welt­ Das zweite Heft, die neun Études- bracht hatte. Unter dem Titel Études- kriegs und dem Ende der Geschäftsbe­ Tableaux op. 39, entstand nach Rach­ Tableaux verfasste er zwischen 1911 ziehungen mit Breitkopf, brachte der maninows eigener Angabe von August und 1917 mit Opus 33 und 39 zwei in Verlag Gutheil (seit 1914 im Besitz von bis November 1916, parallel zu seinen sich abgeschlossene Hefte mit Etüden, Serge A. Koussevitzkys Russischem sechs Liedern op. 38 (vgl. Vospomina- in denen er eine Entwicklung hin zu Musikverlag) eine Neuausgabe der nija, Bd. 2, S. 381 f.), und gehört zu einer größeren satztechnischen Kom­ Études-Tableaux op. 33 heraus, die den letzten Kompositionen, die er in plexität vollzieht und einen neuen, bei W. Grosse in Moskau neu gestochen Russland schrieb, bevor er im Dezem­ wurde und nun „korrekt“ gezählte ernsteren Ton anschlägt: Von den ins­ ber 1917 über Schweden ins amerika­ sechs Etüden umfasste. Die Gültigkeit gesamt 17 Stücken stehen lediglich drei nische Exil ging. Opus 39 markiert dieser Anordnung wird durch eine ei­ in Dur­Tonarten. zugleich einen letzten großen Höhe­ genhändige Werkliste Rachmaninows Das erste Heft, die Études-Tableaux punkt in seinem Œuvre für Klavier bestätigt, die er 1917 für den Musik­ op. 33, entstand im Sommer 1911 in solo, dem eine fast zehnjährige Schaf­ kritiker Boris W. Assafjew erstellte: Iwanowka, dem Landgut der Familie fenspause folgte (erst 1926 sollten mit Hierin führte er unter Opus 33 zwar und dem bevorzugten Rückzugs­ und dem 4. Klavierkonzert und den Trois den Titel „9 Études­Tableaux“ mit den Schaffensort des Komponisten. Rach­ Chansons russes op. 41 überhaupt wie­ einzelnen Stücken auf, strich aber maninow verfasste für diesen Zyklus der Werke größeren Umfangs entste­ Nr. 3 – 5 durch und kommentierte da­ ursprünglich neun Etüden, die laut hen). neben: „Die durchgestrichenen liegen den Datierungen auf den Autographen Die Autographe der Études-Ta- bei mir im Schreibtisch. Sie werden zwischen dem 24. August und dem bleaux op. 39 sind nur teilweise datiert: nicht gedruckt. 6 Etüden op. 33. Som­ 24. Sep tember niedergeschrieben wur­ Die frühesten stammen aus dem Okto­ mer 1911“ (Brief vom 13. April 1917, den. Mit ihrer Veröffentlichung zögerte ber 1916, die beiden spätesten erst aus im Original Russisch; zitiert nach Vos- Rachmaninow zunächst, spielte die dem Februar/März 1917, was sich an­ pominanija o Rachmaninove, Bd. 2, gesichts der von Rachmaninow genann­ Stücke in der Zwischenzeit jedoch S. 381). ten Entstehungszeit wohl nur auf die regelmäßig in seinen Konzerten (vgl. Eine dieser drei ausgeschiedenen Sof' ja A. Satina, Zapiska o S. V. Rach- Etüden, die Nr. 4 in a­moll, fand später letzte Überarbeitung vor der Druck­ maninove, in: Vospominanija o Rach- in überarbeiteter Form als Nr. 6 Ein­ legung beziehen kann. Mitte April 1917 maninove, hrsg. von Zarui A. Apetjan, gang in das zweite Heft der Études-Ta- berichtet Rachmaninow bereits: „Die 5 Moskau 1988, Bd. 1, S. 41). Die Manu­ bleaux op. 39. Die beiden übrigen Etü­ neuen Etüden sind erschienen“ (Brief skripte weisen an zahlreichen Stellen den c­moll und d­moll wurden zu Leb­ an Boris W. Assafjew, 13. April 1917, substanzielle Überarbeitungen (oft zeiten Rachmaninows nicht veröffent­ Vospominanija, Bd. 2, S. 382). Diese ganzer Taktpassagen) auf, in denen licht; sie erschienen erstmals 1948 in Erstausgabe wurde in Moskau gesto­ sich offensichtlich die Erfahrungen aus Moskau, ediert von Pavel A. Lamm im chen und wiederum in Koussevitzkys den öffentlichen Aufführungen wider­ Rahmen der ersten Gesamtausgabe der Russischem Musikverlag/Édition Russe spiegeln. Erst Ende 1913 hielt der Kom­ Klavierwerke Rachmaninows. Nahezu de Musique veröffentlicht. 1920, nach­ ponist die Études-Tableaux op. 33 parallel kam in New York 1950 im Ver­ dem auch Koussevitzky Russland für publika tionsreif, entschied sich lag Leeds Music Corporation ein Sam­ in Richtung Westen verlassen hatte, aber buchstäblich in letzter Sekunde melband mit den Études-Tableaux brachte er im Berliner Verlagshauptsitz für eine weitere einschneidende Ände­ op. 33 und 39 unter der Bezeichnung eine neu gestochene Ausgabe mit dem rung und zog die als Nr. 3 – 5 vorgese­ „First complete edition“ heraus, der die Vermerk „Copyright 1920 by S. Rach­ henen Etüden c­moll, a­moll und d­moll beiden Etüden c­moll und d­moll an maninoff, New­York“ heraus (in Hof- vom Druck zurück – offenbar so kurz­ alter Stelle wieder eingliederte. Hier­ meisters musikalisch-literarischem fristig, dass die Titelseite der Erstaus­ mit wurde eine fatale Tradition begrün­ Monatsbericht im November 1920 an­ gabe von 1914 noch alle neun Etüden det, der fast alle späteren Ausgaben gezeigt). Rachmaninow selbst war in aufführt und entsprechend durchnum­ der Études-Tableaux folgten, nämlich die Entstehung dieser wie auch späterer HN_1202_Vorwort_SRZ.indd 5 13.12.2013 12:02:10 VI in Russland veröffentlichter Ausgaben Quellen und ihren unterschiedlichen dence of substantial revisions (often of offensichtlich nicht mehr involviert. Lesarten. whole passages) that reflect the experi­ Die von Rachmaninow gewählte und ence of these public performances. On­ im Grunde neu erfundene Gattungsbe­ Herausgeber und Verlag danken den in ly at the end of 1913 did he regard the zeichnung Études-Tableaux (Russisch den Bemerkungen genannten Bibliothe­ Études-Tableaux op. 33 as ready for Etjudy-Kartiny), also soviel wie „Etü­ ken und Archiven für freundlich zur publication, but then decided, literally den­Gemälde“ oder „bildliche Etüden“, Verfügung gestellte Quellenkopien. Ins­ at the last second, to make a further weist auf den janusköpfigen Charakter besondere dem Glinka­Museum Mos­ decisive change by withdrawing Etudes der Stücke hin: Einerseits stehen sie in kau mit seinem Direktor Mikhail A. 3 – 5 from the edition (those in c minor, der Tradition der Konzert­Etüden Cho­ Bryzgalov sei für die Arbeitsmöglich­ a minor and d minor). This was done at pins und Liszts, die jeweils ein beson­ keiten im dortigen Archiv herzlich ge­ such a late stage, apparently, that the deres technisches Problem in den Mit­ dankt. title page of the first edition of 1914 telpunkt stellen, während andererseits still listed all nine Etudes with their der Zusatz „Tableaux“ auf das pro­ München, Frühjahr 2014 associated numbering (see frontis piece). grammmusikalische Moment verweist. Dominik Rahmer The first edition appeared with Rach­ Dennoch finden sich in den Stücken maninoff’s principal publisher Gutheil weder anschauliche Titel – im Gegen­ in Moscow but was engraved and print­ satz etwa zu den meisten der Études ed by Gutheil’s German partner Breit­ d’exécution transcendante Liszts – kopf & Härtel in Leipzig. Op. 33 was noch nachgestellte programmatische announced, still with nine numbers, in Andeutungen nach dem Modell der Hofmeisters musikalisch-literarischer Préludes Debussys. Aufschlussreich ist Preface Monatsbericht in April 1914. in diesem Zusammenhang ein Brief In 1916, after the outbreak of the Rachmaninows an den italienischen First World War and the end of busi­ Komponisten Ottorino Respighi, der ness relations with Breitkopf, Gutheil 1930 auf Anregung Koussevitzkys eini­ Sergei V. Rachmaninoff (1873 – 1943) (since 1914 under the ownership of ge Études-Tableaux für Orchester be­ first turned his attention to the genre Serge A. Koussevitzky’s publishing arbeiten sollte: Rachmaninow war von of the piano etude in 1911, the year house, Édition Russe de Musique) pub­ dem Vorhaben sehr angetan, wählte after bringing to completion his large lished a new edition of the Études-Ta- fünf Stücke aus und benannte Respighi cycle of 24 Préludes, composed over bleaux op. 33, newly engraved by V. konkrete Bilder, die ihm bei der Kom­ several years. Between 1911 and 1917 Grosse in Moscow and now containing position der betreffenden Stücke vorge­ he wrote two self­contained sets of just the six Etudes, numbered “correct­ schwebt hatten (Brief vom 2. Januar etudes, op. 33 and 39, under the title ly”. The validity of this numbering is 1930, vgl. Sergei Bertensson/Jay Leyda, Études-Tableaux. They reveal his pro­ confirmed by an autograph work list Sergei Rachmaninoff. A Lifetime in gression towards a greater stylistic drawn up by Rachmaninoff for the mu­ Music, Reprint Bloomington 2001, complexity and a new, more serious sic critic Boris V. Asaf' yev in 1917: in S. 262 f.). Diese Hinweise, die Respighi tone: only three of these 17 pieces are it he includes “9 Études­Tableaux” as auch als Titel in seine Bearbeitung in a major key. opus 33 with its individual pieces list­ übernahm, sind allerdings recht all­ The first book of Études-Tableaux, ed, but then crosses out numbers 3 – 5 gemeiner Natur: „Jahrmarktsszene“ op. 33, was composed in the summer of and comments: “The deleted ones are (Opus 33 Nr. 4/7), „Das Meer und die 1911 in Ivanovka, the family estate and in my desk drawer. They will not be Möwen“ (Opus 39 Nr. 2), „Rotkäppchen the composer’s favourite place of retreat published. 6 Etudes op. 33. Summer und der Wolf“ (Opus 39 Nr. 6), „Trau­ and creativity. Rachmaninoff original­ 1911” (letter of 13 April 1917, original ermarsch“ (Opus 39 Nr. 7), „Orientali­ ly wrote nine Etudes for this cycle, and in Russian; cited here as in Vospomi- scher Marsch“ (Opus 39 Nr.
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