Subjectivity in Mandarin Chinese: the Meaning and Use of Causal Connectives in Written Discourse
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Of Becoming and Remaining Vegetarian
Wang, Yahong (2020) Vegetarians in modern Beijing: food, identity and body techniques in everyday experience. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/77857/ Copyright and moral rights for this work are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This work cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Enlighten: Theses https://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] Vegetarians in modern Beijing: Food, identity and body techniques in everyday experience Yahong Wang B.A., M.A. Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Social and Political Sciences College of Social Sciences University of Glasgow March 2019 1 Abstract This study investigates how self-defined vegetarians in modern Beijing construct their identity through everyday experience in the hope that it may contribute to a better understanding of the development of individuality and self-identity in Chinese society in a post-traditional order, and also contribute to understanding the development of the vegetarian movement in a non-‘Western’ context. It is perhaps the first scholarly attempt to study the vegetarian community in China that does not treat it as an Oriental phenomenon isolated from any outside influence. -
14 Tipos De Pães Mundiais Que Você Precisa Conhecer
14 tipos de pães mundiais que você precisa conhecer 1. Pães alemães Aqui no Brasil, conhecemos como “pão alemão” uma variedade que, no original, se chama Pumpernickel. Trata-se de um pão integral de centeio extremamente denso, tradicionalmente preparado com fermentação natural (ou Sauerteig, em alemão) e que é consumido em finas fatias, geralmente com queijo, embutidos, salmão defumado e outros frios. Mas além do Pumpernickel, a panificação alemã possui uma imensa variedade de pães, que deixa qualquer padeiro (profissional ou amador) de queixo caído. Quer ver? Stollen Uma rosca doce de Natal, originária da cidade de Dresden e que teria sido criada para lembrar o menino Jesus envolto em panos. Kürbiskernbrötchen ou -brot O pãozinho ou pão de centeio coberto em sementes de abóbora previamente torradas na manteiga. Weißbrötchen ou Semmel Um pãozinho branco mais firme que o nosso pão francês, muito apreciado no café da manhã ou nos eventos ao ar livre, em que é partido ao meio e servido com um salsichão. Brezel ou Pretzel Do latim brachium (braço), o Pretzel surgiu na região sul da Alemanha, entre a Áustria e a Suíça, e tem o formato de dois braços entrelaçados. Coberto com grãos de sal grosso, ele é o acompanhamento ideal para a cerveja da região. Vale ressaltar que existem nas padarias alemãs duas categorias de pão: o grande Brot, servido em fatias e consumido ao longo de vários dias, e os pequeninos Brötchen, mais macios e servidos partidos ao meio. 2. Pães franceses Quando se fala em pão francês, logo pensamos no nosso pãozinho branco de cada dia, de miolo macio e crosta bem fina. -
Images of Women in Chinese Literature. Volume 1. REPORT NO ISBN-1-880938-008 PUB DATE 94 NOTE 240P
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 385 489 SO 025 360 AUTHOR Yu-ning, Li, Ed. TITLE Images of Women in Chinese Literature. Volume 1. REPORT NO ISBN-1-880938-008 PUB DATE 94 NOTE 240p. AVAILABLE FROM Johnson & Associates, 257 East South St., Franklin, IN 46131-2422 (paperback: $25; clothbound: ISBN-1-880938-008, $39; shipping: $3 first copy, $0.50 each additional copy). PUB TYPE Books (010) Reports Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC10 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Chinese Culture; *Cultural Images; Females; Folk Culture; Foreign Countries; Legends; Mythology; Role Perception; Sexism in Language; Sex Role; *Sex Stereotypes; Sexual Identity; *Womens Studies; World History; *World Literature IDENTIFIERS *Asian Culture; China; '`Chinese Literature ABSTRACT This book examines the ways in which Chinese literature offers a vast array of prospects, new interpretations, new fields of study, and new themes for the study of women. As a result of the global movement toward greater recognition of gender equality and human dignity, the study of women as portrayed in Chinese literature has a long and rich history. A single volume cannot cover the enormous field but offers volume is a starting point for further research. Several renowned Chinese writers and researchers contributed to the book. The volume includes the following: (1) Introduction (Li Yu- Wing);(2) Concepts of Redemption and Fall through Woman as Reflected in Chinese Literature (Tsung Su);(3) The Poems of Li Qingzhao (1084-1141) (Kai-yu Hsu); (4) Images of Women in Yuan Drama (Fan Pen Chen);(5) The Vanguards--The Truncated Stage (The Women of Lu Yin, Bing Xin, and Ding Ling) (Liu Nienling); (6) New Woman vs. -
Esoteric, Chan and Vinaya Ties in Tang Buddhism the Ordination Platform of the Huishan Monastery on Mount Song in the Religious Policy of Emperor Daizong
Esoteric, Chan and vinaya ties in Tang Buddhism The ordination platform of the Huishan monastery on Mount Song in the religious policy of Emperor Daizong Abstract This paper explores the reconstruction of the ordination platform in the Huishan monastery 會 善寺 on Mount Song in 767 in the context of the reinforcement of pro-Buddhist policies at the court of Emperor Daizong 代宗 (r. 762–779). The vinaya monks and state officials who engaged in this platform’s reconstruction are identified as associates of two prominent monastic figures: Amoghavajra (Bukong jin’gang 不空金剛; 704–774), an Esoteric leader at the imperial court; and Songshan Puji 嵩山普寂 (651–739), regarded as the seventh patriarch in the Northern Chan tradition. The key roles played by disciples of these two masters in the reconstruction of the Huishan platform attest to significant congruence in ritual practices between proponents of the Esoteric and Chan groups in Tang dynasty China, primarily in the areas of precept conferral and monastic ordination. Keywords Mount Song, Huishan monastery, Northern Chan, Esoteric Buddhism, vinaya, precept conferral Introduction During the Tang dynasty, the reign of Emperor Daizong 代宗 (r. 762–779) was second only to the reign of Empress Wu Zetian 武則天 (r. 690–705) in terms of imperial patronage of Buddhism. Daizong assumed the role of universal Buddhist monarch (cakravartin) and granted the Buddhist saṅgha and its foremost leader Amoghavajra (Ch. Bukong jin’gang 不空金剛; 704–774) an unprecedented amount of power.1 In 767, at the start of a new era that Daizong named Dali 大曆 (Grand Reign), many large-scale Buddhist projects were realized under the 1 Amoghavajra, an Esoteric master of allegedly Sogdian origin, became a paramount Buddhist leader at the imperial court during a period of highly militarized political turbulence in the territorial centre of the Tang Empire following the rebellion of General An Lushan 安祿山 (703–757) in 755. -
Zen As a Creative Agency: Picturing Landscape in China and Japan from the Twelfth to Sixteenth Centuries
Zen as a Creative Agency: Picturing Landscape in China and Japan from the Twelfth to Sixteenth Centuries by Meng Ying Fan A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of East Asian Studies University of Toronto © Copyright by Meng Ying Fan 2020 Zen as a Creative Agency: Picturing Landscape in China and Japan from the Twelfth to Sixteenth Centuries Meng Ying Fan Master of Arts Department of East Asia Studies University of Toronto 2020 Abstract This essay explores the impact of Chan/Zen on the art of landscape painting in China and Japan via literary/visual materials from the twelfth to sixteenth centuries. By rethinking the aesthetic significance of “Zen painting” beyond the art and literary genres, this essay investigates how the Chan/Zen culture transformed the aesthetic attitudes and technical manifestations of picturing the landscapes, which are related to the philosophical thinking in mind. Furthermore, this essay emphasizes the problems of the “pattern” in Muromachi landscape painting to criticize the arguments made by D.T. Suzuki and his colleagues in the field of Zen and Japanese art culture. Finally, this essay studies the cultural interaction of Zen painting between China and Japan, taking the traveling landscape images of Eight Views of Xiaoxiang by Muqi and Yujian from China to Japan as a case. By comparing the different opinions about the artists in the two regions, this essay decodes the universality and localizations of the images of Chan/Zen. ii Acknowledgements I would like to express my deepest gratefulness to Professor Johanna Liu, my supervisor and mentor, whose expertise in Chinese aesthetics and art theories has led me to pursue my MA in East Asian studies. -
Chinese Zheng and Identity Politics in Taiwan A
CHINESE ZHENG AND IDENTITY POLITICS IN TAIWAN A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN MUSIC DECEMBER 2018 By Yi-Chieh Lai Dissertation Committee: Frederick Lau, Chairperson Byong Won Lee R. Anderson Sutton Chet-Yeng Loong Cathryn H. Clayton Acknowledgement The completion of this dissertation would not have been possible without the support of many individuals. First of all, I would like to express my deep gratitude to my advisor, Dr. Frederick Lau, for his professional guidelines and mentoring that helped build up my academic skills. I am also indebted to my committee, Dr. Byong Won Lee, Dr. Anderson Sutton, Dr. Chet- Yeng Loong, and Dr. Cathryn Clayton. Thank you for your patience and providing valuable advice. I am also grateful to Emeritus Professor Barbara Smith and Dr. Fred Blake for their intellectual comments and support of my doctoral studies. I would like to thank all of my interviewees from my fieldwork, in particular my zheng teachers—Prof. Wang Ruei-yu, Prof. Chang Li-chiung, Prof. Chen I-yu, Prof. Rao Ningxin, and Prof. Zhou Wang—and Prof. Sun Wenyan, Prof. Fan Wei-tsu, Prof. Li Meng, and Prof. Rao Shuhang. Thank you for your trust and sharing your insights with me. My doctoral study and fieldwork could not have been completed without financial support from several institutions. I would like to first thank the Studying Abroad Scholarship of the Ministry of Education, Taiwan and the East-West Center Graduate Degree Fellowship funded by Gary Lin. -
The Generalissimo
the generalissimo ګ The Generalissimo Chiang Kai- shek and the Struggle for Modern China Jay Taylor the belknap press of harvard university press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, En gland 2009 .is Chiang Kai- shek’s surname ګ The character Copyright © 2009 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Taylor, Jay, 1931– The generalissimo : Chiang Kai- shek and the struggle for modern China / Jay Taylor.—1st. ed. â p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978- 0- 674- 03338- 2 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Chiang, Kai- shek, 1887–1975. 2. Presidents—China— Biography. 3. Presidents—Taiwan—Biography. 4. China—History—Republic, 1912–1949. 5. Taiwan—History—1945– I. Title. II. Title: Chiang Kai- shek and the struggle for modern China. DS777.488.C5T39 2009 951.04′2092—dc22 [B]â 2008040492 To John Taylor, my son, editor, and best friend Contents List of Mapsâ ix Acknowledgmentsâ xi Note on Romanizationâ xiii Prologueâ 1 I Revolution 1. A Neo- Confucian Youthâ 7 2. The Northern Expedition and Civil Warâ 49 3. The Nanking Decadeâ 97 II War of Resistance 4. The Long War Beginsâ 141 5. Chiang and His American Alliesâ 194 6. The China Theaterâ 245 7. Yalta, Manchuria, and Postwar Strategyâ 296 III Civil War 8. Chimera of Victoryâ 339 9. The Great Failureâ 378 viii Contents IV The Island 10. Streams in the Desertâ 411 11. Managing the Protectorâ 454 12. Shifting Dynamicsâ 503 13. Nixon and the Last Yearsâ 547 Epilogueâ 589 Notesâ 597 Indexâ 699 Maps Republican China, 1928â 80–81 China, 1929â 87 Allied Retreat, First Burma Campaign, April–May 1942â 206 China, 1944â 293 Acknowledgments Extensive travel, interviews, and research in Taiwan and China over five years made this book possible. -
Performing Chinese Contemporary Art Song
Performing Chinese Contemporary Art Song: A Portfolio of Recordings and Exegesis Qing (Lily) Chang Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Elder Conservatorium of Music Faculty of Arts The University of Adelaide July 2017 Table of contents Abstract Declaration Acknowledgements List of tables and figures Part A: Sound recordings Contents of CD 1 Contents of CD 2 Contents of CD 3 Contents of CD 4 Part B: Exegesis Introduction Chapter 1 Historical context 1.1 History of Chinese art song 1.2 Definitions of Chinese contemporary art song Chapter 2 Performing Chinese contemporary art song 2.1 Singing Chinese contemporary art song 2.2 Vocal techniques for performing Chinese contemporary art song 2.3 Various vocal styles for performing Chinese contemporary art song 2.4 Techniques for staging presentations of Chinese contemporary art song i Chapter 3 Exploring how to interpret ornamentations 3.1 Types of frequently used ornaments and their use in Chinese contemporary art song 3.2 How to use ornamentation to match the four tones of Chinese pronunciation Chapter 4 Four case studies 4.1 The Hunchback of Notre Dame by Shang Deyi 4.2 I Love This Land by Lu Zaiyi 4.3 Lullaby by Shi Guangnan 4.4 Autumn, Pamir, How Beautiful My Hometown Is! by Zheng Qiufeng Conclusion References Appendices Appendix A: Romanized Chinese and English translations of 56 Chinese contemporary art songs Appendix B: Text of commentary for 56 Chinese contemporary art songs Appendix C: Performing Chinese contemporary art song: Scores of repertoire for examination Appendix D: University of Adelaide Ethics Approval Number H-2014-184 ii NOTE: 4 CDs containing 'Recorded Performances' are included with the print copy of the thesis held in the University of Adelaide Library. -
The Birth of Chinese Feminism Columbia & Ko, Eds
& liu e-yin zHen (1886–1920?) was a theo- ko Hrist who figured centrally in the birth , karl of Chinese feminism. Unlike her contem- , poraries, she was concerned less with China’s eds fate as a nation and more with the relation- . , ship among patriarchy, imperialism, capi- talism, and gender subjugation as global historical problems. This volume, the first translation and study of He-Yin’s work in English, critically reconstructs early twenti- eth-century Chinese feminist thought in a transnational context by juxtaposing He-Yin The Bir Zhen’s writing against works by two better- known male interlocutors of her time. The editors begin with a detailed analysis of He-Yin Zhen’s life and thought. They then present annotated translations of six of her major essays, as well as two foundational “The Birth of Chinese Feminism not only sheds light T on the unique vision of a remarkable turn-of- tracts by her male contemporaries, Jin h of Chinese the century radical thinker but also, in so Tianhe (1874–1947) and Liang Qichao doing, provides a fresh lens through which to (1873–1929), to which He-Yin’s work examine one of the most fascinating and com- responds and with which it engages. Jin, a poet and educator, and Liang, a philosopher e plex junctures in modern Chinese history.” Theory in Transnational ssential Texts Amy— Dooling, author of Women’s Literary and journalist, understood feminism as a Feminism in Twentieth-Century China paternalistic cause that liberals like them- selves should defend. He-Yin presents an “This magnificent volume opens up a past and alternative conception that draws upon anar- conjures a future. -
Masterpieces of Chinese Painting 700-1900
Masterpieces of Chinese Painting 700-1900 Teachers’ Resource: Image Bank Supported by Friends of the V&A Travel Partner Viking River Cruises Restaurant Partner Ping Pong INTRODUCTION Masterpieces of Chinese Painting 700–1900 is the first international exhibition in the UK since 1935 to bring together some of the finest examples of Chinese painting created in successive periods from the beginning of the 8th to the end of the 19th century. The works come from major public collections in America, Britain, China, France, Germany, Sweden and Japan. The exhibition explores the recurrent characteristics of Chinese painting as well as its innovation throughout history. By highlighting the aesthetic quality and expressive power of the individual works, it seeks to open viewers’ minds to one of the world’s great artistic traditions. The exhibition is organised chronologically and thematically into six main sections. It also includes a display that explains painting techniques and studio practices. Cover image: Mi Youren (1074/86–1151/65), Cloudy Mountains (detail), 1140–50, ink on paper, The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Museum no. 1973.121.1)© 2013. Image copyright The Metropolitan Museum of Art/Art Resource/ Scala, Florence Objects of Devotion 700-950 OBJECTS OF DEVOTION The exhibition will begin by exploring paintings made for temples during the Tang (618–907) and Five Dynasties (907–960) periods. The majority of images from this period were made for Buddhist liturgies or as votive offerings. Most surviving pictures from this early period are Buddhist banners and screens, painted on silk and characterised by their bright colours. These are predominantly drawn from Dunhuang, a remote region in the North West which was far from Tang dynastic control during the period of Buddhist persecution in the mid 9th century. -
Scanned Using Book Scancenter 5033
ah Gu Kuang It is unsure in which year Gu Kuang was bom or in which year he died. According to a contemporary of his, Gu Kuang led a long life but all researchers can ascertain is that he was bom during Xuanzong ’s Kaiyuan reign era (713-742) and died sometime around 806 (Fu Xuancong, Tangdai Shiren Cong Kao. Zhonghua Press, Beijing, 1980, p. 385. Translation mine). However, there is one thing that is clear about him: bom and raised in what is now the famous city of Suzhou, in Jiangsu Province in southeastern China, his life was defined by the chaotic wars that began with An Lushan ’s rebellion. The year after An Lushan occupied the capital city Chang’an, the new emperor (Suzong, r. 756-762) arranged that the imperial examinations be conducted in the coastal southeast rather than in the capital city as had been done for a century. And so in 757 Gu Kuang was able to take the examination without having to travel thousands of miles to central China. He passed and began serving in the low ranks, but when his friend Li Mi became prime minister, he was promoted to the position of Zhuzuolang, the officer in charge of compiling the court’s ongoing chronicles. It is at this point he moved north to Chang’an, which had been reestablished as the capital of the Tang Empire soon after the end of An Lushan ’s occupation. Being a gifted poet-painter and known for his sarcasm, Gu Kuang was far from being respectful to his fellow officials in the court. -
Oral History and Genealogy of the Yuan Shikai Family
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Publications and Research Baruch College 2014 Research and Documentation in the 21st Century: Oral History and Genealogy of the Yuan Shikai Family Sheau-yueh J. Chao CUNY Bernard M Baruch College How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/bb_pubs/11 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] ISSN 1712-8358[Print] Cross-Cultural Communication ISSN 1923-6700[Online] Vol. 10, No. 4, 2014, pp. 5-17 www.cscanada.net DOI:10.3968/4870 www.cscanada.org Research and Documentation in the 21st Century: Oral History and Genealogy of the Yuan Shikai Family Sheau-yueh J. Chao[a],* [a]Professor and Librarian, Head, Cataloging,William and Anita Newman and social and political studies. The paper ends with Library, Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, USA. the library documentation, preservation, and research in *Corresponding author. the 21st century focusing on the importance of Chinese Surported by two grants from the Research Foundation of the City family history and genealogical research for jiapu 家谱. University of New York, the PSC-CUNY Grants in 2008 and 2012. A selected bibliography about the Yuan Shikai family is included at the end for further readings. Received 23 February 2014; accepted 29 May 2014 Published online 25 June 2014 Highlights ● History of Chinese Names and Genealogical Abstract Records The oral histories and genealogies have long been used ● Types of Chinese Names and their Meanings by historians, archaeologists, sociologists, ethnologists, ● Oral History and Genealogy of the Yuan Shikai and demographers in their investigation of past human Family behavior on social and historical evidences relating to ● Resource and Documentation on Chinese a lineage organization or a clan.