14 Tipos De Pães Mundiais Que Você Precisa Conhecer

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14 Tipos De Pães Mundiais Que Você Precisa Conhecer 14 tipos de pães mundiais que você precisa conhecer 1. Pães alemães Aqui no Brasil, conhecemos como “pão alemão” uma variedade que, no original, se chama Pumpernickel. Trata-se de um pão integral de centeio extremamente denso, tradicionalmente preparado com fermentação natural (ou Sauerteig, em alemão) e que é consumido em finas fatias, geralmente com queijo, embutidos, salmão defumado e outros frios. Mas além do Pumpernickel, a panificação alemã possui uma imensa variedade de pães, que deixa qualquer padeiro (profissional ou amador) de queixo caído. Quer ver? Stollen Uma rosca doce de Natal, originária da cidade de Dresden e que teria sido criada para lembrar o menino Jesus envolto em panos. Kürbiskernbrötchen ou -brot O pãozinho ou pão de centeio coberto em sementes de abóbora previamente torradas na manteiga. Weißbrötchen ou Semmel Um pãozinho branco mais firme que o nosso pão francês, muito apreciado no café da manhã ou nos eventos ao ar livre, em que é partido ao meio e servido com um salsichão. Brezel ou Pretzel Do latim brachium (braço), o Pretzel surgiu na região sul da Alemanha, entre a Áustria e a Suíça, e tem o formato de dois braços entrelaçados. Coberto com grãos de sal grosso, ele é o acompanhamento ideal para a cerveja da região. Vale ressaltar que existem nas padarias alemãs duas categorias de pão: o grande Brot, servido em fatias e consumido ao longo de vários dias, e os pequeninos Brötchen, mais macios e servidos partidos ao meio. 2. Pães franceses Quando se fala em pão francês, logo pensamos no nosso pãozinho branco de cada dia, de miolo macio e crosta bem fina. Mas a realidade é que essa receita, criada aqui no século XX, é mais uma adaptação brasileira do que uma importação direta da França. Tanto é que não encontramos o famoso pãozinho em nenhuma boulangerie parisiense! Em compensação, além de uma grande variedade de tipos diferentes de baguete (da ordinaire à tradition , passando por aquelas feitas com grãos e farinha integral), a França também oferece receitas de: Brioche Pãozinho extremamente macio, preparado com manteiga, ovos e leite, o brioche ficou famoso por causa da frase atribuída a Maria Antonieta, em que a Rainha declarava que os pobres, na falta do pão do dia a dia, deveriam se alimentar desse quitute pra lá de refinado. Pain de campagne Bastante rústico, esse pão de campanha é feito com uma mistura de farinha de trigo branca e integral, podendo conter também farinha de centeio. Seu formato é longo e grosso e ele é servido em fatias como acompanhamento ou como torrada (tartine). Pain d’épices Retangular como um pão de forma, mas de miolo bem firme, esse é um tipo de pão de mel trazido à França na época do Império Romano. Ele leva especiarias como cravo, canela, gengibre e noz-moscada. 3. Pães árabes Mestres dos pães chatos (ou achatados), os povos árabes produzem uma variedade muito maior do que as que conhecemos aqui no Brasil com o nome de pão árabe, pão sírio ou pita. Enquanto alguns deles são usados como acompanhamento de pastas e frios ou para envelopar sanduíches típicos, existem ainda aqueles que são consumidos de outras formas. Conheça alguns pães do mundo árabe: Barbari Originário do Irã, esse é um dos tipos mais espessos de pão chato conhecidos no mundo. Bem largo e comprido, ele é servido com um queijo de ovelha chamado Lighvan. Bolani ou Peraki Esse pão chato do Afeganistão é assado ou frito em óleo e servido em celebrações. A massa pode ser simples ou recheada com ingredientes como lentilha, alho-porró, abóbora e mesmo batatas cozidas. Pão de grão-de-bico Esse é um pão de forma típico da Albânia e da Turquia. No lugar dos fermentos tradicionais, ele utiliza um fermento natural feito com grão-de-bico. Lavash Originário da Armênia, esse é um pão fininho, muito flexível e maleável, e que é praticamente multiuso! Além de servir para envolver os famosos sanduíches do tipo schawarma, ele também pode ser torrado para acompanhar pastas e até mesmo fazer pizzas ao estilo persa. 4. Pães holandeses Nos Países Baixos, o pão é consumido pelo menos no café da manhã e no almoço, geralmente acompanhado dos deliciosos queijos nacionais (como Gouda ou Edam) ou arenque defumado, salsichas, entre outras iguarias típicas. A panificação de lá é, de maneira geral, bastante rústica, apoiando-se em grãos integrais, principalmente o centeio, e geralmente com adição de sementes como de abóbora e de girassol. Veja alguns de seus pães mais típicos: Suikerbrood Traduzido como “pão de açúcar”, esse é um pão de forma frísio, feito com farinha branca e recheado com grãos de açúcar. Tijgerbrood O “pão de tigre” tem esse nome por causa de sua crosta característica, que lembra as manchas do pêlo de um tigre! Ele é feito com farinha, pasta de arroz e óleo de gergelim. Ontbijtkoek Traduzido como “bolo de café da manhã”, esse é um tipo de pain d’épice feito sem mel, com centeio e especiarias como gengibre, cravo, anis e noz-moscada. Uma curiosidade interessante é o hábito, presente tanto nos Países Baixos quanto na Bélgica, de consumir pão (principalmente de forma) com manteiga e granulados de chocolate (Hagelslag) ou confeitos de açúcar (Muisjes). 5. Pães italianos O trigo é um dos ingredientes mais importantes da cozinha italiana. Diante disso, é claro que eles estão entre as nações com a mais tradicional e extensa cultura de panificação do mundo! Cada região da Itália tem seus tipos de pães específicos, mas em todo o país o costume de consumir o pãozinho em praticamente todas as refeições é unanimidade, e ele é sempre acompanhamento essencial para “limpar o prato” raspando o molho no final do jantar ou almoço, por exemplo. Alguns dos pães mais populares da tradição italiana, além da pizza, são: Focaccia Originária de Gênova, a focaccia é parente da pizza, e tem sua massa dourada perfumada com azeite, alecrim e sal grosso. Em outras regiões, ela pode vir recheada com queijo, tomates, azeitonas e outras delícias. Ciabatta Esse pão branco firme e alveolado, em formato retangular é um dos mais populares da Itália. Ele pode ser consumido em todas as refeições e é a base das famosas brusquetas. Pandoro Uma alternativa ao panetone, o pandoro é outro pão de Natal alto e cilíndrico, mas tem oito pontas e é coberto de açúcar de confeiteiro, lembrando os alpes nevados. Seu nome significa “pão de ouro” e ele é típico de Verona, cidade de Romeu e Julieta. Piadina É um pão chato italiano, com azeite e farinha branca, da região da Romanha. É servido mais ou menos como um crepe, cozido na hora e recheado com frios, queijos e vegetais ou, na versão doce, com geleia e creme de chocolate com avelã. 6. Pães equatorianos Embora o trigo só tenha chegado à América do Sul a partir da colonização europeia, na região dos Andes, os povos quéchuas já utilizavam a quinoa para preparar muitos de seus alimentos, inclusive pães! Conheça duas receitas de pão típicas do Equador: Pão de quinoa Hoje feito com uma mistura de farinha de quinoa e de trigo, além de ovos e mel. Esse pãozinho arredondado continua sendo muito consumido nos países andinos. Guagas de pan Receita típica equatoriana, servida no Dia dos Mortos, esses pãezinhos doces são confeccionados no formato de bebês (guagua significa bebê em quéchua) e decorados com frutas secas e glacê colorido. São consumidos com uma bebida de milho preto chamada colada morada. 7. Pães finlandeses Assim como em grande parte dos outros países nórdicos, na Finlândia o pão também é parte importantíssima da alimentação básica, aparecendo na mesa como acompanhamento ou prato principal a qualquer hora do dia. Muito influenciada pela culinária sueca, a panificação finlandesa é cheia de pães rústicos à base de centeio e fermentação natural, mas tem também vários outros tipos de receitas para encantar a todos os paladares. Veja algumas das mais conhecidas: Ruisleipä Esse é o pão mais popular no país. Ele é escuro, feito com farinha de centeio integral e fermento natural. É mais úmido que o pão de centeio alemão e pode ser armazenado por muito tempo, sendo servido em fatias a cada refeição. Rieska Esse é um pão chato não levedado à base de cevada, servido quente com um pouquinho de manteiga e um copo de leite. Ele tem algumas variações, podendo ter em sua massa batatas (Perunarieska), centeio (Ruisrieska) ou leite (Maitorieska). Kaurasämpylä Sämpylä significa simplesmente “pão de sal” em finlandês, enquanto kaura quer dizer aveia. Como a aveia é o grão mais produzido na Finlândia, ela é usada em várias receitas de pão, inclusive nesse pãozinho de sal comum. 8. Pães judaicos A culinária judaica é tão antiga e rica quanto a história de seu povo, trazendo características únicas que têm a ver não só com suas leis religiosas (que proíbem, por exemplo, o consumo de moluscos e carne de porco), mas também com a multiplicidade de locais do mundo nos quais as comunidades judaicas se instalaram. No caso das pães da gastronomia judaica, suas tradições influenciaram e sofreram influências, originalmente, sobretudo da cozinha polonesa e russa. Hoje em dia, no entanto, suas receitas se espalharam por todo o planeta, e alguns dos pães judaicos mais conhecidos são: Bagel Seu nome deriva da palavra em ídiche para anel, já que esse pão redondinho tem como característica um furo no centro. O diferencial na preparação dessa massa levedada é que ela é cozida em água fervente antes de ser assada, desenvolvendo um interior bastante denso. Chalá Essa é uma rosca trançada com seis pontas servida principalmente no sabá e em celebrações judaicas.
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