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Evliya Çelebi'nin Seyehatnamesinde Anadolu

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Evliya Çelebi'nin Seyehatnamesinde Anadolu T.C. SAKARYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ EVLİYA ÇELEBİ’NİN SEYEHATNAMESİNDE ANADOLU COĞRAFYASINDAKİ GAYRİ MÜSLİM MABETLERİ YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ Muzaffer ÖZBAY Enstitü Ana Bilim Dalı : Felsefe ve Din Bilimleri Enstitü Bilim Dalı : Dinler Tarihi Tez Danışmanı: Doç. Dr. İbrahim ÇAPAK MAYIS 2010 T.C. SAKARYA ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ SOSYAL BĠLĠMLER ENSTĠTÜSÜ EVLĠYA ÇELEBĠ’NĠN SEYEHATNAMESĠNDE ANADOLUCOĞRAFYASINDAKĠ GAYRĠ MÜSLĠM MABETLERĠ YÜKSEK LĠSANS TEZĠ Muzaffer ÖZBAY Enstitü Ana Bilim Dalı : Felsefe ve Din Bilimleri Enstitü Bilim Dalı : Dinler Tarihi Bu tez ../../2010 tarihinde aşağıdaki jüri tarafından oybirliği ile kabul edilmiştir. Prof Dr. Ali ERBAŞ Doç. Dr. Halil İbrahim Bulut Doç. Dr. İbrahim ÇAPAK Jüri Başkanı Jüri Üyesi Jüri Üyesi □ Kabul □ Kabul □ Kabul □ Ret □ Ret □ Ret □ Düzelteme □ Düzelteme □ Düzelteme BEYAN Bu tezin yazılmasında bilimsel ahlak kurallarına uyulduğunu, baĢkalarının eserlerinden yararlanılması durumunda bilimsel normlara uygun olarak atıfta bulunulduğunu, kullanılan verilerde herhangi bir tahrifat yapılmadığını, tezin herhangi bir kısmının bu Üniversite veya baĢka bir üniversitedeki baĢka bir tez çalıĢması olarak sunulmadığını beyan ederim. Muzaffer ÖZBAY ÖNSÖZ Osmanlı devletinin yetiĢtirdiği Ģahsiyetler arasında önemli bir yere sahip olan ve dünyanın da yakından tanıdığı Evliya Çelebi dünya seyyahları arasında önemli bir yere sahiptir. YaklaĢık yarım asır boyunca gezdiği yerleri, gördüklerini, duyduklarını ve okuduklarını kaleme aldığı Seyahatname adlı eseri dünyanın saygın eserleri arasındaki yerini almıĢtır. Bu güne kadar yapılan yayınlarda eski kaynaklardan söz ederken Seyahatname’ye atıfta bulunmamak veya ondan yararlanmamak olmaz. Sadece Türk tarihi değil genel tarih bakımından da önemli bir kaynak değerine sahip olan Evliya Çelebi’nin Seyahatnamesi, o günün edebiyatı, konuĢma dili hakkında, ırklar ve devletler, sosyal yapılar ve mimari yapılar hakkında da verdiği bilgiler bakımından da değerli bir öneme sahiptir. Evliya Çelebi ve Seyahatname’si hakkında yapmıĢ olduğumuz bu çalıĢmadaki hedef Anadolu’da gezdiği yerlerdeki gayri müslimlere ait mabet ve ziyaretgahları tespit etmek ve günümüzdeki konumları hakkında bilgi sunmaktır. Zamanımızda da görülüyor ki tarihten gelen mimari eserler araĢtırmacıların dikkatlerini üzerlerine çekmektedir. Seyahatname’de bilgileri verilen mimari eserlere bakarak insanlığın sadece dününü değil, bugün kaybettiklerimizi ve yarını daha iyi nasıl kurabiliriz hakkında da bizlere önemli bilgiler verebilir. Farklı dinlerin yaĢamıĢ olduğu Anadolu coğrafyasında Gayri Müslim’lere ait mabet ve ziyaretgahlarını incelemiĢ olduğumuz Evliya Çelebi’nin Seyahatname’sinde günümüze miras kalan gayri müslimlere ait kültür eserlerini, ziyaretgahları ve geriye kalan kalıntılarının araĢtırmasını yaparken tarihsel,sanatsal ve mekâna yönelik bilgileri sunmaya çalıĢtık. Yaptığımız çalıĢma da gördük ki mekanlar ve mimari eserler tanıtılırken anlatım biçimine, tarihi noksanlıklara, ve hatalara rastlamamak mümkün değildir. Bu eksiklikler esere bağlı kalınarak düzeltilmemiĢ, aynen kaleme alınmıĢtır. Konunun incelenmesi sırasında da gözlemlediğimiz üzere bazı yörelerdeki önemli bir mekandan hiç bahsedilmemiĢ ya da tek cümle ile yetinilmiĢtir. Bu düĢünce ıĢığında Evliya Çelebi’nin seyahat ederken bağımsız değil de bir görev icabı ya da bir paĢa hizmetinde gezip, gördüklerini ve duyduklarını kaleme aldığının önemli bir göstergesidir. Konumuzu incelerken iki ana bölüme ayırdık. Ġlk bölümde Evliya Çelebi ve Seyahatname hakkında bilgiler verdik. Ġkinci bölümde ise konuyu yirmi dört vilayete ayırdık. Bu vilayetlerin kısa tarihi ve isminin nereden geldiği noktasında bilgiler verdikten sonra eserde gecen gayri müslimlere ait mabet ve ziyaretgahlar ile ilgili bilgileri vererek çalıĢmamızı nihayete erdirdik. Öncelikle bu çalıĢmanın hazırlanmasında yardımlarını benden esirgemeyen değerli danıĢman hocam Doç. Dr. Ġbrahim ÇAPAK’a teĢekkürü bir borç bilirim. Yine çalıma boyunca yardımlarından faydalandığım Doç. Dr. Fuat AYDIN’a, ve üzerimizde pek çok hakkı bulunan Prof. Dr. Ali ERBAġ’a teĢekkür ederim. Ayrıca yetiĢmemde katkıları olan bütün hocalarıma Ģükranlarımı sunar bana çalıĢmam sırasında destek olan değerli müftüm Yusuf AKKUġ’a da teĢekkürü bir borç bilirim. Bu yaĢıma gelene kadar emeklerini hiçbir zaman ödeyemeyeceğim aileme de minnettar olduğumu ifade etmek isterim. Ve tez çalıĢması boyunca maddi manevi desteğini her zaman hissettiğim sevgili eĢim AyĢegül ÖZBAY’a sonsuz teĢekkür ederim. Muzaffer ÖZBAY 25 Mart 2010 İÇİNDEKİLER KISALTMALAR LİSTESİ ........................................................................................... vi ÖZET ............................................................................................................................. vii SUMMARY ................................................................................................................ .viii GİRİŞ ............................................................................................................................... 1 BÖLÜM 1: EVLİYA ÇELEBİ VE SEYAHATNAMESİ ............................................ 6 1.1. Evliya Çelebi’nin Hayatı ve Eserleri...................................................................... 6 1.2. Seyahatnamede Geçen Gayri Müslim Mabetleri ................................................. 18 1.2.1. Kilise ............................................................................................................. 18 1.1.2. Havra (Sinagog) ............................................................................................ 19 1.1.3. Manastır ........................................................................................................ 21 BÖLÜM 2: SEYAHATNAMEDE ANADOLUDA GEÇEN GAYRİ MÜSLİM MABET VE ZİYARETGÂHLARI ............................................................................. 23 2.1. Adana ve Çevresindeki Gayri Müslim Mabet ve Ziyaretgâhları ......................... 23 2.1.1. Ramazan iye Kalesi: ...................................................................................... 24 2.1.2. Ġsevi Misafirhanesi: ....................................................................................... 24 2.1.3. Adana Yöresinin Sicin Yaylalarındaki Ziyaretgâhlar ................................... 24 2.2. Amasya ve Çevresindeki Gayri Müslim Mabet ve Ziyaretgâhları ...................... 25 2.2.1. Fethiye Cami ................................................................................................. 25 2.2.2. Niksar Kalesi: ................................................................................................ 25 2.3. Ankara ve Çevresindeki Gayri Müslim Mabet ve Ziyaretgâhları ........................ 26 2.3.1. Ankara Kalesi: ............................................................................................... 26 2.4. Antakya ve Çevresindeki Gayri Müslim Mabet ve Ziyaretgâhları ...................... 26 2.4.1. Hama kalesi: .................................................................................................. 27 2.4.2. Ubeyde b. Cerrah Camii:............................................................................... 27 2.4.3. Habib Neccar Tekkesi: .................................................................................. 27 2.5. Aydın ve Çevresindeki Gayri Müslim Mabet ve Ziyaretgâhları .......................... 28 2.5.1. Bodrum Kalesi .............................................................................................. 28 2.5.2. Narenç Adası: ................................................................................................ 28 2.6. Bursa ve Çevresindeki Gayri Müslim Mabet ve Ziyaretgâhları .......................... 29 i 2.6.1. Mudanya (Ayestefanos) Kasabası ................................................................. 29 2.6.2. Burgaz Ada.................................................................................................... 29 2.6.3. Kızıl Ada (Büyük Ada) ................................................................................. 30 2.6.4. Bozcaada ....................................................................................................... 30 2.6.5. Maydos Kasabası (Çanakkale) ...................................................................... 30 2.6.6. Gelibolu Kalesi: ............................................................................................ 30 2.6.7. Ġznik Ģehri ve çevresi ..................................................................................... 30 2.6.8. Mihaliç ġehri ................................................................................................. 32 2.6.9. Kırk Kilise Kasabası ..................................................................................... 33 2.7. Diyarbakır ve Çevresindeki Gayri Müslim Mabet ve Ziyaretgâhları .................. 33 2.7.1. Camii Kebir ................................................................................................... 34 2.7.2.Yukarı Kale Bidlis Camii ............................................................................... 34 2.7.3. Harput Gölü Çevresi ..................................................................................... 35 2.8. Edirne ve Çevresindeki Gayri Müslim Mabet ve Ziyaretgâhları ......................... 35 2.8.1. Eski Poloz Kalesi: ......................................................................................... 35 2.8.2. Fener Kasabası .............................................................................................. 36 2.8.3. Harap (Sözebolu) Kalesi ..............................................................................
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