University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida October 1986 Revision of the Nearctic GLYPHICNEMIS Foerster (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Gelinae) John Luhman University of California, Riverside, CA Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Entomology Commons Luhman, John, "Revision of the Nearctic GLYPHICNEMIS Foerster (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Gelinae)" (1986). Insecta Mundi. 516. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/516 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. -- Vol. I, no. 3, October 1986 INSECTA MUNDI 133 Revision of the Nearctic GLYPHICNEMIS Foerster (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Gelinae) John Luhman Division of Biological Control Department of Entomology University of California Riverside, CA 92521 INTRODUCTION. GLYPHICNEMIS Foer- cept "area dentipara" is used instead ster is a small Holarctic genus in of "second lateral area"; "trochan- the subtribe Endaseina of the Gelini. telli" instead of "second tro- Nearctic species were placed in PHY- chantersn; and " tergum(-a) l1 instead GADEUON Gravenhorst until Townes of " tergite (s). " The length of the (1944) placed them in the subgenus hind femur includes the trochan- GLYPHICNEMIS within ENDASYS Foerster. tellus. Pinned specimens were exam- However, earlier Cushman (1925) had ined under a dissecting microscope, transferred PHYGADEUON CRASSIPES Pro- usually at 45x, with illumination vancher, a junior synonym of G. MAN- from a 75 Watt, incandescent bulb. DIBULARIS (Cresson) , to GLYPHICNEMIS , Drawings were done using a dissecting and the Palearctic species, at first microscope with a camera lucida at- placed in PHYGADEUW, were included tachmen t . by Habermehl (1916) in GLYPHICNEMIS, BIOLOGY and HOSTS. Townes (1965) reduced to a subgenus within STYLO- recorded G. PROFLIGATOR (Fabr icius) CRYPTUS Thomson (1873). This status from DENDROLIMUS ALBOLINEATUS Mats . was continued until Townes (1970) (Lasiocampidae) in Japan. However, listed and described GLYPHICNEMIS as this record is doubtful since no oth- a separate genus. er DEND ROLIMUS have GLYPHICNEMIS I recognize 4 valid Nearctic recorded from them (Thomson, 1957) . species. Two species, MANDIBULARIS In the European part of the U.S .S. R., (Cresson) and CALIFORNICUS (Cresson), G. PROFLIGATOR has been reared from are redescribed. The latter is European pine saw£ ly, NEODIPRION SER- resurrected from synonymy with MANDI- TIFER (Geoffrey) (Kolomiets et al. , BULARIS . Two new species are 1979). However, it is not one of the described: WLGARIS which is eastern more common parasites of this sawfly, and common, and NIGRIFEMORUM, western being 0.4% of all reared parasites and uncommon. according to Ryvkin (1963). In the MATERIALS and METHODS. This study Nearctic, GLYPHICNEMIS is conspicu- was on based over 800 Nearctic speci- ously absent from lists of parasites mens borrowed from the following col- reared from sawflies. This leads me lections: California Academy of Sci- to believe that the usual hosts are ences, San Francisco, (CAS) ; Canadian not sawflies, but another insect that National Collection, Ottawa, (CNC) ; pupates beneath the soil. The mor- Clement Dasch, Muskingum College; phology of the genus provides a clue Museum of Comparative Zoology, Har- to another possible host. GLYPHIC- vard (MCZ) ; Universi te Laval, Quebec, NEMIS has strongly developed tibial (UL) ; University of Minnesota, St. spines which presumably aid in emerg- Paul, (11M) ; Academy of Natural Sci- ing from subterranean cocoons. In ences, Philadelphia (ANSP) ; United the female they are very strongly States Museum National Museum, Wash- developed, and may be used for dig- ington D.C., (USNM). In addition, 19 ging to parasitize such cocoons. The Palearctic specimens were from the same body form with strong tibial Zoological Institute, Academy of Sci- spines occurs in RICHTICHNEUMON mSI- ences, Leningrad. 3UUS (Say) (Ichneumoninae) which has The terminology used in this re- been reared from geometrid larvae vision is that of Townes (1969), ex- (Heinr ich, 1977) , and emerges from INSECTA MUNDI Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986 subterranean pupae. area dentipara more nearly rec tangu- ZOOGEOGRAPHY. The 4 Nearctic lar, and the lack of distinct apo- species are closely related to those physes present in most ENDASYS. -i- in the Palearctic. They can be agnostic features of GLYPHICNEMIS are placed into 3 groups along with the 5 the distinctly subapical insertion of Palearctic species studied* CLYPEALIS the hind tibial spurs (Fig. 2) and (Tnomson) with VULGARIS n. sp. ; tarsi, as well as the mandible with ATRATUS (Strobl) with CALIFORNICUS the distinctly shorter upper tooth. (Cresson) and NIGRIFEMORUM n. sp. ; In both AMPHIBULUS and ENDASYS the and VAGABUNDUS (Gravenhorst) with lower tooth is always shorter, and PROFLIGATOR (Fabricius) , SAT01 (Uchi- the hind tarsi and tibial spurs are da) , and MANDIBULARIS (Cresson). apical. Townes (1970) gives a com- From the widespread distribution of plete description and figure of these species throughout the Holarc- GLYPHICNEMIS. Diagnosis of species tic Region it would appear that the relies mainly on color and puncta- species groups evolved before Ber in- tional patterns in addition to varia- gia was emergent in the early Terti- tions of several generic characters. ary (Matthews, 1980). Exchange of species between Asia and North Ameri- Key to the Nearctic GLYPHICNEMIS ca via Beringia would have occurred throughout the Tertiary until the 1. Males.......................... 2. Pliocene. The present day Nearctic l! Females........................ 6. species could be seen as descendents of Palearc tic ancestors. Further 2. Trochanters white or pale yellow; speculation on the biogeography and clypeus black; flagellum with 7 to evolution of GLYPHICNEMIS requires 8 tyloids (Fig. 3), small species, host information and distribution of 5 to 6 mm long:.. VULGARIS, n. sp. the Palearctic species. 2! Trochanters orange or black; if whitish, clypeus orange; 4 or GLYPHICNEMIS Foerster fewer tyloids (Fig. 3,5,8), larger species, over 6 mm long: ....... 3. GLYPHICNEMIS Foerster, 1869. Verh. Naturh. Ver. Preuss. Rheinlande 3. Hind coxa orange; flagellum orange 25: 181. Type: PHYGADEUON VAGA- or black:..................... 4. BUNDUS Gravenhorst . Subsequent 3! Hind coxa black to orange-black; designation by Ashmead, 1900. flagellum black:............... 5. GNATHOCRYPTUS Thomson, 1873. Opusc. Ent. 5: 520, 521. Type: PHYGADEUON 4. Hind femur orange with black apex VAGASUNDUS Gravenhorst. Original (Fig 2) frons and face very designation. densely, coarsely punctate- SEMIODES Harr ington, 1894. Canad. rugulose; usually 4 distinct Ent. 26: 247. Type: SEMIODES SEM- tyloids, flagellum orange: INIGER Harr ington (=GLYPHICNEMIS .......... MANDIBULARIS (Cresson) . CALIFORNICUS (Cresson) ) Monobasic. 4! Hind femur entirely orange (Fig 7) ; frons and face densely, DIAGNOSIS. GLYPHICNEMIS is struc- finely punctate; face finely turally very siinilar to ENDASYS and granular; 3 distinct tyloids: AMPHIBULUS Kriechbaumer . All three flagellum black: .......light forms share the transverse break in front .CALIFORNICUS (Cresson) of the prescutellar groove on the .......... hind edge of the mesoscutum, usually Trochantelli orange (Fig. 6,7); with a strong, central longitudinal front and middle femora yellow; 5th ridge dividing the groove in two abdominal sternum not membranous (ridge often reduced or absent in AM- medially:............ ...dark forms PHIBULUS). All have strong tibial ...........CALIFORNICUS (Cresson) . spines on the outer face and apex of Trochantelli black (Fig. 4); front the tibiae. GLYPHICNEMIS resembles and middle femora blackish at AMPHIBULUS by the wide clypeus with least basally; 5th abdominal apical margin sharp and upturned, the sternum membranous medially: more numerous tyloids of the males, NIGRIFEMORUM, n. sp. the slender petiole, strong ster- ............. naulus, elongate-hexagonal areola, Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986 INSECTA MUNDI 135 6. Flagellar segments 6-10 viewed tarsi; usually 3 tyloids (sometimes from above distinctly white, faint 4th) on flagellar segments 10- remaining segments black.; abdom- 12 (or 13) (Fig. 5), tyloids linear inal terga 2 and 3 with some and sharp, shiny on top; 5th abdomi- black, apex black: nal sternum not membranous medially ..................VULGARIS, n. sp. like NIGRIFEMORUM. Dark forms with 6! Basal half of flagellum viewed black scape, clypeus, tegula, coxae from above pale-orange, apical and first trochanters, hind femur at half black; sometimes segments least apically, base and apex of hind 5-10 or 11 whitish; abdominal tibia (Fig. 6) , of ten petiole except terga 2 and 3 orange, apexorange apex, and abdomen apex* or black:........................ 7. MALE DESCRIPTION. Black: Type and light forms with flagellum, head 7. Frons and propleurum rugulose and capsule except clypeus and mandible, coarsely punctate; hind femur and thorax except tegula, often most of tibia orange with black apices; petiole except apex, abdomen apex, scape, tegula, coxae, and trochan- and sometimes apex of hind tibia, and ters always orange (or coxae and usually most of hind tarsi. Dark trochanters sometimes