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A Revision of the World Amphibulus Kriechbaumer (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Phygadeuontinae)

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A Revision of the World Amphibulus Kriechbaumer (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Phygadeuontinae) University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida September 1991 A Revision of the World Amphibulus Kriechbaumer (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Phygadeuontinae) John C. Luhman Minnesota Department of Agriculture, St. Paul, MN Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Entomology Commons Luhman, John C., "A Revision of the World Amphibulus Kriechbaumer (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Phygadeuontinae)" (1991). Insecta Mundi. 410. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/410 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Vol. 5, No. 3-4, September-December 1991 129 A Revision of the World Amphibulus Kriechbaumer (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Phygadeuontinae) John C. Luhman Plant Industry Division Minnesota Department of Agriculture St. Paul, MN 55107 Abstract Amphibulus Kriechbaumer (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Phygadeuontinae = Gelinae, Gelini) is revised world-wide. It is separated from its sister group genus Endasys Foerster by means of a key and a di- agnosis. Keys are given to 3 speciesgroupsand 25 species, including EuropeangracilisKriechbaumer and fen- nicus Sawoniewicz. Mexican satageus (Cresson)isredescribed, and 22 species are newly described:africanus, awanticeps, aurarius, aweolus, bicolor, borealis, carinarum, dentatus, duodentatus, eurystomatus, flavipes, htioris, nigripes, orientalis, pentatylus, pilosus, pseudopustulae, pustulae, pyrrhoborealis, rugosus, salicis, and tetratylus. Thirty figures illustrate diagnostic characters. Introduction Acknowledgments This is the first revision of the known species of This study was based on specimens borrowed Amphibulus Kriechbaumer world-wide. It is an from the following collections and individuals. uncommon sister group genus of Endasys Foerster, Additional material was examined at the Institute of and is found in the Palearctic, Ethiopian, Nearctic, Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, with and Neotropical regions. Amphibulus is one of eight the kind assistance if Dr. Janusz Sawoniewicz. A genera included by Townes (1970; 1983) in the copy of the habitus ofAmphibulus was provided by subtribe Endaseina of Gelini (=Phygadeuontini). It Dr. David Wahl at the American Entomological appears to replace Endasys in the montane tropics. Institute, Gainesville, Florida. This revision treats 25 species, including three old and 22 new. It is based on 330 specimens deter- ANSP Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, mined from over 50,000 specimens in over 30 mu- Penn. (D. Azuma). seum collections world-wide. In the Acknowledg- AEI American Entomological Institute, Gaines- ments are listed those institutions that loaned ville, Fla. (D. Wahl). specimens of Amphibulus. CNC Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, Ont. The purpose of this revision is to more clearly (J. Barron). define the genus, diagnose and describe new spe- MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard cies, and provide a key to the known species and Univ., Mass. (S. Shaw). species groups along with illustrations of important NMNH National Museum of Natural History, Wash- taxonomic characters. This study expands the range ington, D.C. (R.Carlson). ofAmphibulus beyond the Palearctic and Neotropi- UCR University of California, Riverside (J. Hall). cal regions into the Nearctic, and Ethiopian re- UM University of Minnesota, St. Paul (P. Clau- gions. In the Holarctic it is collected in habitats sen). similar to those of Endasys, but apparently in more open areas. Methods Historically Amphibulus has been treated as a Specimens were examined using a binocular monotypic genus or as a synonym of Endasys. The microscope under the light of an incandescent bulb. discovery of additional species has helped further A micrometer was inserted into the objective eye- define the limits of both Amphibulus and Endasys. piece for measuring. Incandescent lighting reveals Insecta Mundi both color and surface features best. Fluorescent long as wide (Fig. 1A,13), with a slender and elong- lighting is best for examining surface features such ate flagellum. as punctation, carinae, or sutures. High intensity Punctation is "dense" if pits are 1diameter or lighting is least desirable because of the glare. less apart in all directions, "sparse" if more than 1 Specimens were examined under 15X or 30X, with diameter in all directions, "moderately sparse" means 15Xmostlyfor evaluating color patterns and overall some pits are densely spaced, and "moderately dense" form. Illustrations were drawn free-hand under means some pits are sparsely spaced. 45X Setiferous punctures (pits) are described Descriptions of species were based on holotypes, accordingto relative width and depth: small pits are with variations reflecting paratypes, if any. The "punctulate"; large pits are "punctate." Pitting may format for describing color patterns is that used in be "distincts'--deep, or "indistinct or weak'-shal- my Endasys revision (op. cit.), with each color low. followed by all pertinent parts so colored, a method Surfaces are described as "smooth and shiny", used by Dr. Z. Boucek. Other morphological charac- "rugulose"-weakly wrinkled, or "rugose"-strongly ters of diagnostic value are described for each spe- wrinkled. Although smooth and shiny surfaces are cies under the categories Antenna, Head, Thorax, often without setiferous punctures, wrinkled sur- Propodeum, Wing, Femur 3, and Abdomen. Only faces are often an artifact of dense punctation. those characters useful in identifying species are Wrinkled surfaces not artifacts ofpunctation on the included in diagnoses and descriptions. Redundant face, cheek, clypeus (Figs. 649) are described as or invariable characters are generally omitted. "strigose" Measurements were made of body length and Areola of the propodeum is described as "widely clypeal ratios of height versus width. Indications of hexagonal," (Fig. 15), "hexagonal" (Fig. lC), "elon- body size such as "large," "medium," or "small" were gate hexagonal" (Fig. 16), or "narrow and elongate made after looking at all available specimens of a hexagonal" (Fig. 21). species, and are useful in diagnoses. The ovipositor 3rd lateral area of the propodeum is "present" sheath or 3rd valvula was not included in female (Figs. 17,18,21), "weakly present " (Fig. lC), or body lengths. "absent" (Fig. 2). Terminology Relationships Terms used in keys and descriptions follow Amphibulus, Endasys, Glyphicnemis Foerster, Townes (1969: 36-48), with the following excep- and Coptomystax Townes comprise a closely related tions: trochantellus(i) not 2nd trochanter(s); area group within the subtribe Endaseina (sensu Tomes). dentipara not 2nd lateral area; tergum(a) not They share the apomorphy of the transverse break tergite(s); sternum(a) not sternite(s); 3rd valvula on the posterior margin of the mesoscutum, with or not ovipositor sheath; flagellomeres not flagellar or without a transverse ridge across the prescutellar antenna1 segments, and tarsomeres not tarsal seg- groove (Gauld and Holloway, 1983; Townes, 1970). ments. Some of these changes were necessitated to Glyphicnemis is distinctive by autapomorphies of please certain specialists, while other terms are too the elongate, lower mandibular tooth and the subapi- long for constant use in diagnoses and descriptions. cal insertion of the tibiae, as well as the strongly In addition, the following descriptive terms are developed tibial bristles. In Coptomystax, a high, defined here for use in the keys, diagnoses, and compressed median tubercle on the upper face, and descriptions. the prepectal carina ending below the middle of the Body length is "small"--5 mm or shorter, hind edge of the pronotum are autapomorphic. "medium"-5-8 mm, "largen-more than 8 mm long. Amphibulus and Endasys remain as apparent sis- Longer body length corresponds with longer wing ter groups. Several apomorphic characters separate length. the two. Clypeal margin ranges from "upturned" (Figs. Characters can be polarized using Cubocepha 5-61, "weakly lobed" (Fig. 8A),"distinctly lobed" (Fig. lus (Gelinae, Ekhthrini sensu Tomes) as the outgroup. 101, to "upturned and toothed" (Fig. 6). Amphibulus exhibits the following apomorphic Basal 3 flagellomeres of the female antenna character states absent in Endasys: appendages are "short'-a little longer than wide (Fig. 14), with maxillary palps more elongate and slender, clypeal a stouter flagellum; or "elongate-nearly twice as margin often toothed or lobed, genal and oral cari- Vol. 5, No. 3-4, September-December 1991 nae interception before mandible, color pattern more Diagnosis specialized (i.e. white on the thorax, or coxae en- tirely white), front wing with nervulus and basal vein converging, antenna of males sometimes with Genus Amphibulus Kriechbaumer annulus, and hind tibal spur shorter than basal 0.4 of basitarsus. Apomorphies of Endasys differing Amphibulus Kriechbaumer, 1893. Ent. Nachr. 19: from Amphibulus are genal and oral carinae inter- 122; Townes, 1951: 245,1970: 84; Sawoniewicz, ception at mandible, oRen 2 tyloids (males), ster- 1985: 133. Type: Amphibulus gracilis Kriech- nadus absent apical half, and usually pronounced baumer. Monobasic. sexual dichromatism and dimorphism. The following characters
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