World Bank Document

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

World Bank Document SIOD *A a1VNOC Public Disclosure Authorized 'SODfZOJ.S.U. n Public Disclosure Authorized K JUOUOJ3OJJU Public Disclosure Authorized IN2* E: __ W4LJ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1~~W Public Disclosure Authorized I C AIS f D I IN 0N 0D A 04 1JV N A IIV x vEN N'H v '1I 0 M W 0 R L D B A N K COMPARATIVE MACROECONOMIC STUDIES Macroeconomic Crises,Policies, andGrowth in Brazil,1964-90 Macroeconomic Crises,Policies, andGrowth in Brazil,1964-90 DO NA L D V. CO E S THE WORLD BANK, WASHINGTON, D.C. ©31995 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20433 All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing April 1995 The World Bank Comparative Macroeconomic Studies series emerges from a research project that reviewed the macroeconomic experiences of eighteen developing countries over a period roughly from 1965 to 1990. So that the studies might be published with relatively little delay, the books have been edited outside the World Bank's Office of the Publisher by the Macroeconomic Research Depart- ment. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the author and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations, or to the members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. The material in this publication is copyrighted. Requests for permission to reproduce portions of it should be sent to the Office of the Publisher at the address shown in the copyright notice above. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally give permission promptly and, when the reproduction is for noncommercial purposes, without asking a fee. Permission to copy portions for classroom use is granted through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., Suite 910, 222 Rosewood Dr., Danvers, Massachusetts 01923, U.S.A. The complete backlist of publications from the World Bank is shown in the annual Index of Publications, which contains an alphabetical title list and indexes of subjects, authors, and countries and regions. The latest edition is available free of charge from Distribution Unit, Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A., or from Publications, The World Bank, 66, avenue d'1lna, 75116 Paris, France. Cover design by Sam Ferro. Donald V. Coes is Professor of International Management, Anderson School of Management, and Associate Director, Latin American Institute, at the University of New Mexico. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Coes, Donald V., 1943- Macroeconomic crises, policies, and growth in Brazil, 1964-90 / Donald V. Coes. p. cm. - (World Bank comparative macroeconomic studies) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8213-2299-0 1. Brazil-Economic policy. 2. Debts, External-Brazil. 3. Brazil-Economic conditions-1964-1985. 4. Brazil-Economic conditions-1985- 5. Monetary policy-Brazil. I. Title. 11. Series. HC187.C586 1995 338.981-dc2O 94-31420 CIP Contents Foreword ir Acknowledgments xi Acronyms xiii Data Notes xl Chapter 1. Introduction I Brazil's Policy Choices of the Post-1964 Period I The Forces at Play 4 Chapter 2. The Postwar Brazilian Economy 8 Antecedents to Crisis, 1945-64 8 Stabilization and Reform, 1964-67 13 Economic Growth and Political Repression in the Milagre Years, 1968-73 15 External Shocks and Postponed Adjustment. 1973-82 17 The Collapse of Foreign Lending, 1982-85 21 Stabilization Attempts and Failures after 1985 22 Chapter 3. Special Features of the Brazilian Economy: Population, Education, and Income Distribution 31 Postwar Brazilian Demographics 31 The Education of the Brazilian Population 34 Urbanization and Political Pressures on Policymakers 34 Regional Disparities 36 Income Distribution 40 Chapter 4. The Political Economy of Brazilian Economic Policy: Populists and Technocrats 45 Brazilian Economic Populism before 1985 46 Technocracy and Economic Policymaking, 1964-85 51 Populism and Technocracy in the Cruzado Plan, 1985-87 54 Chapter 5. The Public Sector and Its Financing 57 The Measurement of Fiscal Trends in Brazil 57 The Public Sector Deficit since 1970 65 The Fiscal Effects of the 1988 Constitution 76 Fiscal Disequilibrium: Does It Matter and Why Does It Persist? 79 1, vi Macroeconomic Crises, Policies, and Growth in Brazil, 1964-90 Chapter 6. Money, Inflation, and Indexation 85 Inflation and the Rise of Indexation in Brazil 86 Did Increases in the Money Supply Cause Inflation? 93 Deficit Financing through the Inflation Tax 97 Conclusion: How Inevitable Is Inflation'? 101 Chapter 7. Extemal Shocks and Brazil's Adjustment: The Boom and Bust in Brazilian Foreign Borrowing 104 The Boom: Capital Inflows, 1964-82 105 Where It Went: Capital Flow Pattems during the Boom 111 The Closure of Extemal Capital Markets to Brazilian Borrowing 115 Extemal Borrowing and "Crowding Out" in a Brazilian Context 117 Chapter 8. The Burden of Adjustment to Extemal Shocks: The Real Exchange Rate and Real Wages 123 The Exchange Rate and Brazilian Extemal Adjustment 124 Extemal Adjustment and the Real Wage 133 Extemal Economic Policies and the Burden of Extemal Adjustment 138 Chapter 9. Investment and Long-term Growth 142 Aggregate Investment in Brazil, 1970-90 142 Recent Evolution of the Brazilian Capital Stock 145 Investment and Output in the Past Two Decades 150 The Composition and Quality of Investment 151 Chapter 10. Conclusion: What Has Been Leamed and What Can Be Done'? 159 The Lessons of Brazil's Experience 159 Tasks for the Future 163 Epilogue. The Piano Real 167 Technical Appendix 173 A. The Real Budget Deficit and Its Financing 173 B. Brazilian National Income Accounts 175 C. Estimation of Inflation Tax Revenue 176 D. Measurement of the Real Exchange Rate 178 Data Appendix 182 A. I Political and Economic Leadership since 1964 183 A.2 Balance of Payments, 1961-90 184 A.3 Medium- and Long-term Extemal Debt, 1965-90 187 A.4 Real Interest Rate on Extemal Debt, 1965-90 188 A.5 Real and Per Capita GDP: Levels and Growth Rates, 1963-90 189 A.6 Principal Components of GDP, 1963-90 190 A.7 Public Sector Spending by Major Category, 1970-90 191 A.8 Tax Collections as a Share of GDP, 1970-90 192 Contents vii A.9 Government Revenue by Level and Source, 1980-90 193 A.10 Change in the General Price Index (IGP-DI), 1964-90 194 A.l 1 Exchange Rates: Official, Parallel, and Premium, 1964-91 196 A. 12 Tradable/Nontradable Price Measures of the Real Exchange Rate, 1964-90 199 A.13 External Terms of Trade, 1962-90 202 A.14 Real Wages: Minimum and Average Wages in Industry and Agriculture, 1960-91 203 A. 15 Real Investment by Sector of Origin, 1970-90 204 A. 16 Estimated Capital per Person and per Worker, 1970-90 205 A.17 Estimated Incremental Capital Output Ratio, 1956-87 206 A.18 Real Investment by Major State Enterprises, 1973-87 207 A.19 Primary, Secondary, and Higher Educational Enrollments, 1970-89 208 Notes 209 Bibliography 221 Index 233 Aos meus colegas Al. Bill, Joe, John, Keith, Linc, Mike, Paul, Peter, Rudi, Sam, Tom, Werner, e todos os outros gringos que ha muito tempo sabem que o Brasil e um pais serio. Foreword This volume is the product of a World Bank project on macroeconomic policy that reviewed the recent experience of eighteen countries as they attempted to maintain economic stability in the face of intemationalprice, interest rate, and demand shocks or domestic crises in the forms of investment booms and related budgetary prob- lems. The project paid particular attention to the 1974-79 period (which included the first and second oil price shocks), the 1980-82 period of worldwide recession and external debt problems for many developing countries, and the 1983-90 period of adjustment to economic difficulties and the resumption of growth. The objective of the project was to glean instructive lessons by analyzing the stabilization and adjustment policies pursued by these countries and assessing the outcomes. The authors of each country study were asked to deal with a common set of questions concerning the nature of the shocks or crises: their origin and degree of seriousness; the fiscal, monetary,exchange rate, and trade policies adopted in hopes of preventing permanent harm to the economy; and the results of the policies. No single computable macroeconomic model was used in the project, but the framework of the open-economy macroeconomic model was followed to ensure consistency in generalizing about results. This intensive study of many episodes generated ideas and suggested relationships showing the causes and effects behind policies, the nature of the shocks and crises, and the governmental response to them. The overall findings of the project are presented in a synthesis volume by 1. M. D. Little, Richard N. Cooper, W. Max Corden, and Sarath Rajapatirana, Boom, Crisis, and Adjustment: The Macroeconomic Experience of Developing Countries. A decade ago it was commonly argued that Brazil's macroeconomic prob- lems were largely due to external shocks. As a major oil importer and user of for- eign savings, Brazil was undoubtedly highly vulnerable to the rises in oil prices and international interest rates of the 1980s. By the early 1990s, however, other Latin American countries began to emerge from the crises of the preceding de- cade, oil prices and interest rates declined, and this diagnosis appeared increasing- ly suspect. With both inflation and internal interest rates at record levels it was hard to continue to argue that Brazil's difficulties were primarily external. Today a more balanced consensus has emerged among many Brazilian econ- omists and policymakers. At the heart of this view, which is shared and supported by this study, is the recognition that the fiscal disequilibrium which has character- ized the public sector is as much to blame for the nation's macroeconomic diffi- ix x MacroeconomicCrises, Policies, and Growth in Brazil, 1964-90 culties as are extemal factors.
Recommended publications
  • The Politics of Taxation in Argentina and Brazil in the Last Twenty Years of the 20Th Century
    THE POLITICS OF TAXATION IN ARGENTINA AND BRAZIL IN THE LAST TWENTY YEARS OF THE 20TH CENTURY DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Hiram José Irizarry Osorio, B.S. & M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 2005 Dissertation Committee: Approved by: Professor R. William Liddle, Adviser ___________________________ Professor Richard P. Gunther Adviser Professor Marcus Kurtz Graduate Program in Political Science ABSTRACT What explains changes in tax policy and its direction and magnitude? More specifically, what explains changes in taxation centralization, progressivity, and level? This dissertation addresses these questions in a comparative way, by studying Argentina and Brazil’s taxation experiences during the 1980s and 1990s. The main reason for choosing these two cases derives from the occurrence of tax policy reforms in both cases, but different in extent and nature, which is the central explanatory concern of this dissertation. Throughout the literature, explanations of change have had a focus on crisis environments, crisis events, and/or agency. Although all of them present some truth and leverage in order to gain an understanding of change taking place, some middle-range explanation is lacking. By this I mean, crises based explanations remain at a high structural level of explanation, while agency based explanations become extremely micro-focused. Though crises present windows of opportunity for changes to take place, they do not guarantee them. Furthermore, changes still have taken place without crises. Thus, crises-based explanations are not necessary or sufficient type of explanations of ii change.
    [Show full text]
  • Duke University Dissertation Template
    ‘Christ the Redeemer Turns His Back on Us:’ Urban Black Struggle in Rio’s Baixada Fluminense by Stephanie Reist Department of Romance Studies Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Walter Migolo, Supervisor ___________________________ Esther Gabara ___________________________ Gustavo Furtado ___________________________ John French ___________________________ Catherine Walsh ___________________________ Amanda Flaim Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Romance Studies in the Graduate School of Duke University 2018 ABSTRACT ‘Christ the Redeemer Turns His Back on Us:’ Black Urban Struggle in Rio’s Baixada Fluminense By Stephanie Reist Department of Romance Studies Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Walter Mignolo, Supervisor ___________________________ Esther Gabara ___________________________ Gustavo Furtado ___________________________ John French ___________________________ Catherine Walsh ___________________________ Amanda Flaim An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Romance Studies in the Graduate School of Duke University 2018 Copyright by Stephanie Virginia Reist 2018 Abstract “Even Christ the Redeemer has turned his back to us” a young, Black female resident of the Baixada Fluminense told me. The 13 municipalities that make up this suburban periphery of
    [Show full text]
  • Brazil RISK & COMPLIANCE REPORT DATE: June 2018
    Brazil RISK & COMPLIANCE REPORT DATE: June 2018 JERSEY TRUST COMPANY 0 Executive Summary - Brazil Sanctions: None FAFT list of AML No Deficient Countries US Dept of State Money Laundering Assessment Higher Risk Areas: Not on EU White list equivalent jurisdictions Serious deficiencies identified in the enacting of counter terrorist financing legislation Non - Compliance with FATF 40 + 9 Recommendations Medium Risk Areas: Weakness in Government Legislation to combat Money Laundering Corruption Index (Transparency International & W.G.I.) World Governance Indicators (Average Score) Failed States Index (Political Issues)(Average Score) Major Investment Areas: Agriculture - products: coffee, soybeans, wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa, citrus; beef Industries: textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and equipment Exports - commodities: transport equipment, iron ore, soybeans, footwear, coffee, autos Exports - partners: China 17%, US 11.1%, Argentina 7.4%, Netherlands 6.2% (2012) Imports - commodities: machinery, electrical and transport equipment, chemical products, oil, automotive parts, electronics Imports - partners: China 15.4%, US 14.7%, Argentina 7.4%, Germany 6.4%, South Korea 4.1% (2012) 1 Investment Restrictions: There are laws that restrict foreign ownership within some sectors, notably aviation, insurance, and media. Foreign investment restrictions remain in a limited number of other sectors, including highway freight (20 percent) and mining of radioactive
    [Show full text]
  • Sem Título-2
    1 SECRETARIA DA COORDENAÇÃO E PLANEJAMENTO ISSN 1676-4994 FUNDAÇÃO DE ECONOMIA E ESTATÍSTICA ISBN 85-7173-015-6 Siegfried Emanuel Heuser A Fundação de Economia e Estatística Siegfried Emanuel Heuser (FEE) tem estimulado e apoiado as iniciati- vas de aprimoramento técnico e acadêmico de seus pesquisadores! Dentro dessa perspectiva, a titulação representa a elevação do patamar de competência do corpo técnico e, também, um elemento estratégico frente às exigências institucionais que se colocam no campo da produção de conhecimento! Na última década, o esforço coletivo da FEE tem se direcionado para o doutorado! A série Teses FEE foi criada para divulgar as teses de Doutorado recentemente produzidas pelos pesquisadores da FEE! AS MEDIAÇÕES CRUCIAIS DAS MUDANÇAS POLÍTICO-INSTITUCIONAIS NAS TELECOMUNICAÇÕES DO BRASIL Renato Antônio Dalmazo Menção honrosa no VIII Prêmio Brasil de Economia, na categoria Livro/Tese de Doutorado, promovido pelo Conselho Federal de Economia, em 2001& TESES FEE Nº 2 Porto Alegre, novembro de 2002 2 Secretaria da Coordenação e Planejamento FUNDAÇÃO DE ECONOMIA E ESTATÍSTICA Siegfried Emanuel Heuser CONSELHO DE PLANEJAMENTO: Presidente: José Antonio Fialho Alonso Membros: André Meyer da Silva, Ernesto Dornelles Saraiva, Ery Bernardes, Eudes Antidis Missio, Nelson Machado Fagundes e Ricardo Dathein CONSELHO CURADOR: Fernando Luiz M dos Santos, Francisco Hypólito da Silveira e Suzana de Medeiros Albano DIRETORIA: PRESIDENTE: JOSÉ ANTONIO FIALHO ALONSO DIRETOR TÉCNICO: FLÁVIO B FLIGENSPAN DIRETOR ADMINISTRATIVO: CELSO
    [Show full text]
  • Realinhamentos Partidários No Estado Do Rio De Janeiro (1982-2018) Theófilo Codeço Machado Rodrigues1
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7984.2020.e67408 Realinhamentos partidários no estado do Rio de Janeiro (1982-2018) Theófilo Codeço Machado Rodrigues1 Resumo O presente artigo investiga o processo de realinhamento partidário em curso no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foram observados os partidos dos governadores e senadores eleitos no Rio de Janeiro pelo voto direto entre 1982 e 2018. Além dos governadores, foram avaliadas as bancadas partidá- rias eleitas para a Assembleia Legislativa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (ALERJ) e para a Câmara dos Deputados durante todo o período. A pesquisa confirmou a hipótese do recente realinhamento partidário no Rio de Janeiro e identificou que, com o declínio eleitoral do brizolismo, e com a prisão das principais lideranças locais do PMDB a partir de 2016, o tradicional centro político do estado – PDT pela centro-esquerda e PMDB pela centro-direita – implodiu e novos partidos oriundos dos extremos do espectro político emergiram como PSL, PRB e PSC, pela direita, e PSOL, pela esquerda. Palavras-chave: Partidos Políticos. Rio de Janeiro. Sistema Partidário. Brizolismo. Chaguismo. 1 Introdução Entre 1982 e 2018, houve no Rio de Janeiro sete governadores eleitos pelo voto direto e três vice-governadores que assumiram o cargo. No de- curso desse período, verifica-se que o PMDB governou o estado durante 19 anos, o PDT por 10, o PSDB por 4, o PSB por 2 e o PT por alguns meses. Em outubro de 2018, um novo partido foi eleito para o governo: o PSC. Nas décadas de 1980 e 1990, Brizola, brizolistas e ex-brizolistas protagonizaram a política no estado.
    [Show full text]
  • De Collor a Lula
    HISTÓRIA I AULA 29: NOVA REPÚBLICA I ANUAL (DE COLLOR A LULA / 1990 A 2010) VOLUME 6 EXERCÍCIOS PROPOSTOS 01. Após as sucessivas tentativas frustradas, Lula egresso do movimento operário que ganhou notoriedade nos momentos fi nais do regime militar, chega ao poder apresentando um discurso mais moderado em que assegurava o respeito aos compromissos assumidos pelos governos anteriores e de manutenção da estabilidade econômica. Diferentemente de pleitos anteriores em que a candidatura de Lula despertava temor em determinados grupos, evidenciou-se até certo otimismo em relação a elementos que outrora repudiavam, mas que agora apostavam nessa “nova” versão do candidato do PT que tinha como seu vice o empresário José Alencar do PL num sinal de novos tempos. No entanto, Lula calcou sua campanha também na abordagem de temas sociais que fi zeram parte de sua trajetória política como o combate à fome e à miséria, tendo o programa Fome Zero sido o projeto mais difundido de sua plataforma política, muito embora sua efi cácia após o início do governo, possa ser seriamente questionada. Nem tudo foi um mar de rosas para Lula, houve por parte dos setores mais radicais uma série de críticas pelo fato do presidente não romper com o modelo econômico de seu antecessor (FHC) a quem ele tanto criticava. No âmbito da política externa o Brasil de Lula mostrou-se supreendentemente infl uente tendo conseguido a liderança das forças de coalizão da ONU no Haiti e ainda se destacando na mediação de confl itos diplomáticos. Resposta: B 02. A eleição de 1989 representou um importante marco no processo político de redemocratização iniciado em 1985.
    [Show full text]
  • Estudo De Caso Da Aquisição Da Perez Companc Na Argentina
    FERNANDA CECÍLIA FERREIRA RIBEIRO Estratégia Internacional da Petrobras: Estudo de Caso da Aquisição da Perez Companc na Argentina MESTRADO EM ADMINISTRAÇÃO PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO SÃO PAULO 2006 FERNANDA CECÍLIA FERREIRA RIBEIRO Estratégia Internacional da Petrobras: Estudo de Caso da Aquisição da Perez Companc na Argentina Dissertação apresentada à Banca Examinadora da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo como exigência parcial para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Administração, sob a orientação do professor Dr. Moacir de Miranda Oliveira Junior. PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO SÃO PAULO 2006 2 BANCA EXAMINADORA _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ 3 Agradecimentos Primeiramente gostaria de agradecer a Petrobras pela colaboração no desenvolvimento deste trabalho. Em especial, agradeço as gerências executivas da Área de Negócios Internacionais que nos permitiu realizar o estudo de campo. Agradeço ao meu orientador Professor Dr. Moacir de Miranda Oliveira Jr. pela atenção e tempo dedicados a este trabalho. A Professora Dra. Maria Cristina Sanches Amorim e ao Professor Dr. Luciano Prates Junqueira pelas críticas e sugestões feitas no momento da qualificação. A CAPES que patrocinou esta pesquisa. Os amigos que conheci no período de mestrado Felipe Borini, Eduardo Proença, Eduardo Pozzi e Fernanda de Nadai que se revelaram pessoas incríveis. Laís Macedo, Cristina Galvão e Claudia Antico que me liberaram várias vezes do trabalho para eu realizar as atividades do mestrado, principalmente na reta final. Os meus melhores amigos de sempre, sem os quais minha vida teria muito pouco sentido, Fabi e Rodrigo, Camila, Chris, Sandrinha e Alex, Lorena e Renato, Letícia e Gustavo, Lílian Cardia e Rodrigo, Natália, Carla, Tati, Andrea, Bebel, Marcela, André e Lílian.
    [Show full text]
  • Inflation and Instability: Brazil's Lost Decade And
    APPLIED ECONOMICS INFLATION AND INSTABILITY : B RAZIL ’S LOST DECADE AND CARDOSO ’S RESPONSE ISABELLA DI PAOLO Senior Sophister in the 1990's brazil suffered a turbulent period of hyperinflation. in this paper, is - abella di Paolo provides an intriguing explanation of the policies which led to brazil's crisis, and an evaluation of how the reforms of President Cardoso helped set brazil on its current growth path. 1. Introduction the famous joke goes: “brazil is, and always will be, the land of the future”. long strug - gling to achieve long-term, sustainable growth - despite its abundant resources and im - mense potential - brazil has recently seen considerable improvements in both its economic performance and poverty-reduction strategies. the recent consumer boom, experienced as millions filled middle-class ranks, makes it difficult to imagine that just two decades ago inflation was taking over everyday life.1 it was the centre of all policy concerns, caused hour-long queues in front of supermarkets and crushed innumerable hopes and dreams. today, a decade-long struggle for macroeconomic stability has rendered the daily reality of twenty years ago completely unimaginable to those who have only known recent pros - perity (leitão, 2011). after an initial taming of the ‘inflation monster’ via the Plano real, brazilian policy-makers have demonstrated continuity in their will to reform, as exemplified by the continued adoption of the inflation targeting mechanism and law of fiscal respon - sibility introduced at the end of the cardoso administration. as brazil begins to display difficulties in continuing down the path of rapid growth, (financial times, 2013) it is more important than ever to remember the recent past, and to consider the long way the coun - try has come.
    [Show full text]
  • Reports N° 158 2 3
    1 REPORTS N° 158 2 3 thirty fifth meeting of the technical committee Brasilia, August 30th to September 1st, 2001 International Labour Office 4 Copyright © International Labour Organization (Cinterfor/ILO) 2001 First edition: Montevideo, 2001 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without au- thorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to the Publications Bureau (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. CINTERFOR. Reunión de la Comisión Técnica, 35, Brasilia, 2001 Informe. Montevideo : 2001 78 p. (Informes, 158) ISBN 92-9088-128-3 /INFORME DE ACTIVIDADES/ /REUNIÓN/ /PUB CINTERFOR/ The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations prac- tice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatso- ever on the part of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solely with their authors, and publications does not constitute an endorsement by the International Labour Office of the opinions expressed in them. Reference to names of firms and commercial products and proc- esses does not imply their endorsement by the International Labour Office, and any failure to men- tion a particular firm, commercial products or process is not a sign of disapproval.
    [Show full text]
  • Sabrina Martins De Souza
    Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina – UFSC Centro Sócio Econômico Departamento de Ciências Econômicas Curso de Graduação em Ciências Econômicas Trajetória desenvolvimentista da Petrobras a partir dos anos 90: Um estudo da empresa estatal como instrumento de política de desenvolvimento SABRINA MARTINS DE SOUZA Florianópolis 2010 SABRINA MARTINS DE SOUZA Trajetória desenvolvimentista da Petrobras a partir dos anos 90: Um estudo da empresa estatal como instrumento de política de desenvolvimento Monografia submetida ao curso de Ciências Econômicas da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, como requisito obrigatório para a obtenção do grau de Bacharelado. Orientador: Sílvio Antonio Ferraz Cario Florianópolis, 2010 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA CURSO DE GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS ECONÔMICAS A Banca Examinadora resolveu atribuir à nota 8,50 a aluna Sabrina Martins de Souza na disciplina CNM 5420 – Monografia, pela apresentação deste trabalho. Banca Examinadora: _________________________________________ Prof. Silvio Antônio Ferraz Cário _________________________________________ Taisa Dias _________________________________________ Wagner Leal Arienti Florianópolis, 2010 Em primeiro lugar a Deus que me deu a vida. Aos meus anjos da guarda que estão sempre ao meu lado me guiando para um caminho de luz e do amor. A minha família que torceu por mim desde o resultado do vestibular, principalmente minha mãe que é tudo para mim. Aos meus amigos, pela ajuda, Renata, Robert, Flavia, André e em especial a Juliana, que me deu muita força e apoio incondicional. RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo é investigar a empresa estatal como instrumento de desenvolvimento econômico, através da realização de estudo de caso sobre a trajetória da Petrobras, a partir da década de 1990. Para tanto, é investigada a história da companhia ao longo dos períodos, estes divididos e analisados por década.
    [Show full text]
  • Sistema Tributário Na Constituição De 1988
    O SISTEMA TRIBUTÁRIO DA CONSTITUIÇÃO DE 19881 Francisco Dornelles* 1. Introdução A reforma tributária promovida pela Constituição de 1988 extinguiu impostos federais cumulativos e descentralizou a receita. O capítulo do sistema tributário da nova Constituição era (e ainda é) extremamente restritivo no que concerne à criação de novos impostos. Entretanto, a mesma Carta Magna abriu o caminho para a formação de um sistema tributário paralelo, formado por contribuições e até mesmo por taxas excessivas. Em particular, o capítulo dedicado à seguridade social da Carta Magna abriu caminho para a criação de novas contribuições, que, na realidade, são impostos disfarçados e alcançam receitas, lucros, loterias e até movimentação financeira. As contribuições não alcançam apenas os salários, como ocorre no resto do mundo. Como a reforma tributária voltou à agenda nacional de debates, esta é uma excelente oportunidade para se recuperar a história dessa matéria. A começar por resgatar a ousadia e a eficiência da reforma dos meados dos anos 60, que edificou o sistema até hoje vigente. A Constituição de 1988 modernizou os impostos e descentralizou suas receitas, mas, nos outros títulos que não eram o das finanças públicas, abriu caminho para a formação de outro sistema, no qual ficou fácil aumentar a carga, explorar bases arcaicas e recentralizar as receitas. Recuperar e refletir melhor sobre esse processo histórico é uma boa fonte de inspiração para iniciarmos o que já passa da hora de ser mudado: ou a reforma do atual sistema ou, a opção de minha preferência, a construção de um novo sistema tributário no Brasil. Para ajudar neste esforço maior de recuperar e analisar o tratamento dispensado à matéria tributária pela Constituição de 1988, realizamos um exaustivo levantamento bibliográfico, apresentado em anexo e com algumas citações ao longo deste texto.
    [Show full text]
  • DIAP Departamento Intersindical De Assessoria Parlamentar OS
    DIAP Departamento Intersindical de Assessoria Parlamentar OS “CABEÇAS” DO CONGRESSO NACIONAL Uma pesquisa sobre os 100 parlamentares mais influentes Série Os “Cabeças” do Congresso Nacional Ano XV - 2008 Série Os “Cabeças” do Congresso Nacional - uma pesquisa sobre os 100 parlamentares mais influentes - publicação anual do Departamento Intersindical de Assessoria Parlamentar - DIAP. Cabeças do Congresso 2008 Por Estado Acre Senadores Tião Vianna (PT) Geraldo Mesquita Júnior (PMDB) Alagoas Senador Renan Calheiros (PMDB) Amapá Senador José Sarney (PMDB) Amazonas Senador Arthur Virgílio (PSDB) Bahia Deputados ACM Neto (DEM) José Carlos Aleluia (DEM) Juthay Júnior (PSDB) Sérgio Barradas Carneiro (PT) Walter Pinheiro (PT) Ceará Deputado Ciro Gomes (PSB) Senadores Inácio Arruda (PCdoB) Patrícia Saboya (PSB) Tasso Jereissati (PSDB) Distrito Federal Deputados Augusto Carvalho (PPS) Magela (PT) Rodrigo Rollemberg (PSB) Senador Cristovam Buarque (PDT) Espírito Santo Deputada Rita Camata (PMDB) Senador Renato Casagrande (PSB) Goiás Deputados Jovair Arantes (PTB) Sandro Mabel (PR) Ronaldo Caiado (DEM) Senador Demóstenes Torres (DEM) Maranhão Deputado Flávio Dino (PCdoB) Senadora Roseana Sarney (PMDB) Mato Grosso do Sul Senador Delcídio Amaral (PT) Minas Gerais Deputados Gilmar Machado (PT) Paulo Abi-Ackel (PSDB) Nárcio Rodrigues (PSDB) Rafael Guerra (PSDB) Virgílio Guimarães (PT) Pará Deputado Jader Barbalho (PMDB) Senador José Nery (PSOL) Paraná Deputados Abelardo Lupion (DEM) Dr. Rosinha (PT) Gustavo Fruet (PSDB) Luiz Carlos Hauly (PSDB) Ricardo
    [Show full text]