13 Monitoring Arctic sustainable development and socio-ecological systems' resilience Theme leader: Tatiana Vlasova ([email protected]) 13.1 Tracking Human Development in the Arctic 8 June – 11:30 a.m. Chairs: Gail Fondahl, Joan Nymand Larsen, and Valentina Kondratieva 13.1.1 Humans in the Arctic Valentina Kondratieva The "Humans in the Arctic" is an initiative of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), and involves a comprehensive study of the experience and the current state of human life in the harsh conditions of the Arctic.The main objective of the project is to develop social indicators for monitoring the quality of life of the population, increasing the role of motivation, the preservation of the traditional way of the North, taking into account the use of experience of foreign countries in the Arctic.The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is currently a pilot area for the implementation of the project "Humans in the Arctic."For more information about the quality of life of the population of the Arctic sociological survey conducted in 5 towns of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and Turukhansk district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. According to the results of surveys compiled a social portrait of the man in the Arctic.Together with the statistical offices in 2015 and 2016 held the republican life quality survey on the following areas: education, health, migration and employment, the financial position of households, ownership of national languages, following the national traditions of the peoples of the North.The developed methodology, survey tools can be used in other regions of the Russian Arctic, and abroad. In addition, there was conducted training and methodological seminars to increase motivation for entrepreneurial activity of the population with the involvement of lecturers from Norway to Cossack Ust-Yana district in 2014, Iengra Neryungri District, will be held in Kystatyam Zhigansky area, and also leaders-entrepreneurs were trained in Tana, Norway. In 2016, the project "Humans in the Arctic" of the Russian Federation with the territories of the Arctic area covered by the Kamchatka, Magadan and Murmansk regions. In 2017, it planned to include in the project regions of Russia with the Arctic territories and foreign countries - members of the Northern Forum. 13.1.2 Increasing of business motivation of small indigenous peoples of the North Marina Alekseeva Within of the project "Human in the Arctic" the sociological surveys directed to a quality evaluation of life of the population living in the Arctic territory are conducted. Following the results of the conducted surveys need for stimulation of development of traditional types of activity is revealed, first of all, by holding actions for increase in motivation to business activity, mainly among small indigenous peoples of the North.In 2014-2016 within the project the business seminars directed to increase of motivation of small indigenous peoples of the North to business activity are held. Leaders of group of entrepreneurs who were trained to a practical course "Modern business of technology are revealed: northern reindeer breeding" in Tana (Norway).On rates entrepreneurs examined experience of business in reindeer breeding, gained new skills and knowledge of technology of souvenir production, production of meat semifinished products. Now entrepreneurs using the gained knowledge and skills make souvenir and meat products. Use of international experience of the developed countries located in the Arctic zone is necessary in order that traditional types of occupations not only kept identity of indigenous people of the North, but also brought in the income, served as a factor of improvement of quality of life of the population occupied in traditional industries. 13.1.3 The Role of International Cooperation Between Northern Regions in Improving the Quality of Life in the Arctic Mikhail Pogodaev Sub-national governments in the North have long-term cooperation in improving the quality of life in northern hemisphere and in sustainable development of circumpolar regions. Governors of northern regions established a tool for this cooperation in 1991 - the Northern Forum. This organization plays a role of international platform for exchange of experiences and best practices in the management of northern territories. The forum directs attention to economic concerns and more broadly to issues of sustainable development in areas heavily dependent on the extraction of natural resources. It has often served as a venue for subnational governments to compare notes on issues involving relations with national governments and to explore strategies for advancing the interests of the residents of northern regions. The Northern Forum has observer status with the Arctic Council. 13.1.4 How small money can help people to develop business Elin Sabbasen (pending) Microcredit projects in Norway and Kola Peninsula. In Norway from the budget of the country the small amounts for three years are issued under low interest and without pledge for development of small business to group of five people. Such approach allows simple people to become successful entrepreneurs from scratch or to improve the small business. As showed our experience, work in group teaches trust. Under control of the specialist manager people gain knowledge, exchange experience. The group decides whether it is worth issuing money from total amount for this or that idea.Participants of groups of usually different age, sex and education. Most of successful borrowers have no higher education because as shows experience, the more you study, the it is more terrible to open the case. 13.3 Arctic Landscape Ontologies 9 June - 10:30 a.m. Chairs: Sébastien Gadal & Liudmila Zamorshchikova 13.3.1 Landscape Ontology of Arctic Yakutia: An Interdisciplinary Spatial Approach Sébastien Gadal, Jurate Kamicaityte-Virbašiene The aim of the paper is to present an interdisciplinary spatial methodological approach of transformation and construction of knowledge about the arctic landscape. The construction of socio-cultural, socio-environmental and territorial knowledge is based on: (a) the development of an interdisciplinary methodology integrated and formalized ontologically, where researchers initially follow a positivist approach; (b) the systematic collection of geographical, sociolinguistic, spatial, and archaeological land data, maps, toponyms, linguistic dictionaries; (c) the integration of the collected data into a geolinguistic and geographic database, organized, merged and structured according to the ontological model created integrating it into a geographic information system (GIS); (d) the acquisition of spatial remote sensing data. The established geographical indicators encompass geographical, cultural, anthropological, historical and territorial objects modelled by Earth satellite remote sensing. It also gives the possibility to extract ontologies of landscapes: the geographic objects, geolocalised, and as an element or a whole ontologically defining a place. 13.3.2 Recognition of landscape ‘structures by toponymical map and remote sensing analysis (Khangalassky district, Yakutia) Moisei Zakharov, Viktoriia Filippova, Antonina Savvinova, Kyunney Pestereva, Sébastien Gadal Landscape and toponymical researches contribute to the reconstruction of the geographical environment of the past historic periods as well as the study made on the Khangalssky district in Yakutia (oriental Siberia). A landscape semantics cartography of the toponyms covering the valley of “Erkeeni” and “Samartay” combined with remote sensing image processing and the semantics analysis of the three linguistic groups of toponyms [Turkic (Yakut), Manchu-Tungus (Evenk) and Slavic (Russian)] generate a model of recognition of the landscape’s categories. These landscape’s categories recognised corresponding to the historical evolutions of Khangalssky district; but also, of the different land uses, specific economic activity of the ethnic groups organising the geographic space. 13.3.3 Microtoponyms of the Middle Lena Islands as the Reflection of the Population’s Mode of Life Kiunnei Pestereva, Marianna Samsonova, Aitalina Pavlova, Viktoriia Filippova Within the RSF project "Landscape Ontology: Semantics, Semiotics, and Geographic Modeling" (No. 15-18- 20047) funded by the Russian Science Foundation, the research of the Central Yakutia toponyms (case of Khangalassky region that from the historical point of view has big impact on the Sakha ethnos formation, its material and spiritual culture) was conducted. The conducted research revealed reflection of the stages of Khangalassky region development by Mongol, Turkic and Tungus ethnic groups. Located in the middle reaches of the Lena River, big island, valley areas and taiga contributed to the formation and coexistence of appropriating and producing the type of economic activity (livestock, agriculture). Until the mid-20th century, the local population was concentrated on the larger islands, which were the place of residence, and carried great economic and sacral meaning. In the 50-ies of the 20th century during the process of consolidation of the villages located on several Islands, there was a large-scale resettlement. However, the Islands continue to be of great importance for the population until today, as landscape and toponymic maps developed during the expeditions and registered in the database of microtoponyms demonstrate. 13.3.4 Reflection of the traditional economy of indigenous people of Yakutia in the place names Antonia