Program & Abstract Book

Symposium Emerging Threats for Human Health Impact of Socioeconomic and Climate Change on Zoonotic Diseases

August 13, 2018 in Yakutsk, Russia Program and Abstract Book

https://health.uni-hohenheim.de Table of Contents Emerging Threats for Human Health Impact of Socioeconomic and Climate Change on Zoonotic Diseases: An Introduction

Introduction ��3 Climatic, socio-cultural and economic changes as an unknown etiology” each year, giving room to Organizers ��4 well as technological development have an immedi- speculate on yet unidentified food-borne diseases ate impact on the environment and human health in and/ or non-physiological, pathogenic changes in Program...... 8 particular. Our steadily growing need for resources the microbiome and digestive tract. increases the pressure on the environment and Abstracts – Oral Presentations ��11 narrows down untainted habitats for plants and ani- Next to unravelling the causative agents, their bio- mals (Gibb et al, 2018). These developments and logical mechanisms and epidemiological patterns O1 – O20 Abstracts ��12 globalization in general are important drivers of of the aforementioned conditions, it seems neces- emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, and sary to develop a new behavioral strategy and indi- Abstracts – Posters ��35 promote the spread of zoonotic diseases. The glo- vidual attitude towards health preservation for indi- bal rise of drug resistance (e.g. MRSA) superimpo- genous people in Sakha. According to a recent P1 – P36 Abstracts ��36 ses these threats and calls for immediate and com- study, there is a rather inadequate commitment to a prehensive approaches across borders. healthy life-style among indigenous Yakuts. List of Participants...... 72 Although there is general awareness that health Arctic and subarctic regions are especially vulne- depends on diet, life-style and ecology, only natives Notes...... 78 rable to climate change, as rising temperatures and of mature age develop an active attitude towards thawing of permafrost landscapes transform soil healthy living which seems rather related to pro- structures, vegetation and habitats. The risk of zoo- gressive deterioration of their well-being and pres- notic diseases in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia, ence of chronic diseases. In younger age, most Russia) has significantly increased, as higher tem- consider themselves healthy and hence ignore peratures lead to more favorable living conditions, prevention of diseases (Ammosova, 2018). prolonged vegetation periods and the expansion of habitats for pathogens and their vectors. Moreover, 'One Health' is a collaborative concept and practi- permafrost degradation may expose historic cattle cal approach that addresses imminent health and other burial grounds, thereby reviving deadly threats for humans, animals, and their ecosystem in infections from the past (Revich, 2011) and endan- an integrated manner at a local, regional and global gering humans, their livestock, pet animals and scale. wildlife. This requires cross-disciplinary partnerships and cooperation among professionals such as veterina- Zoonoses are not the only health threats in today’s rians, physicians, biologists, environmental scien- Sakha. Climate, cultural and socio-economic chan- tists, sociologists, economists and public health ges also led to drastic effects on the health and professionals, as well as societal stakeholders. wellbeing of indigenous people. In the course of modernization and urbanization, the traditional life- This Symposium takes up current developments style of horse-breeders and hunters in dwellings and challenges in Yakutia that subsequently shall and remote settlements steadily shifted towards be addressed jointly by linking scientific expertise, sedentary urban lifestyles. This resulted in a trou- conceptual thoughts and infrastructure. bling increase of chronic conditions, the most pre- We are looking forward to a fruitful cooperation and valent being diseases of the circular and digestive an interesting meeting. systems (Burtseva et al. 2014, Tatarinova et al. 2015). Rospotrebnadzor, the State Health Agency, Dr. Irene Huber & Katerina Potapova lists a category of “gastroenterological diseases of Hohenheim Research Center for Health Sciences 2 3 Organizers

Yakut State Agricultural Academy (YSAA) The Medical Institute (established in 1957) with its 22 departments can be called the oldest YSAA is one of the largest higher education agricultural institutes in the North-East of higher medical school in North-East of Russia. The Institute is known both in Yakutia and bey- Russia. The Academy employs 150 lecturers that teach and conduct research at four facul- ond its borders for its training programs and expert scientific and pedagogical personnel. ties, i.e. Agricultural Technologies, Timber Complex and Land Management, Veterinary Students from Yakutia, Buryatia, Magadan, Irkutsk regions and from overseas (like Zambia, Medicine, and Engineering, as well as at the College of Technologies and Management. Peru, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kirgizistan) study here in 6 specialties, i.e. 2 Bachelor and 4 Higher education at YSAA goes beyond the classroom. Being connected to local partners, Master programs. The Clinic was established in 2002 with the goal to offer medical and preven- students are sent to places where they broaden their knowledge by experience. Located in tive support, to train NEFU students, as well as to serve as a scientific and educational clinical Yakutsk, the political, business and educational center of the Republic of Sakha, YSAA nur- base for the Medical Institute. It provides patients with outpatient care. The clinic has several tures a network that shapes the future by working beyond disciplines, and building bridges scientific and educational laboratories, such as the laboratory of genomic medicine, laboratory between industry, agroindustrial corporations, governmental bodies and societal stakehol- of neurophysiological studies, laboratory of osteoporosis, laboratory of pathomorphology, histo- ders. At the Center for Advanced Training in Agriculture, the Research Institute of Veterinary logy and cytology, a microbiological laboratory, a research laboratory for cellular technologies Ecology, the Oktyomtsy Experimental Farm, and various laboratories, YSAA develops soluti- and regenerative medicine. ons that address societal needs. International partnerships allow students to broaden their For more information, visit: www.s-vfu.ru/en/Institutes/SRIH/ view and adjust research and education to international standards. YSAA trains a new type of specialists who will create change and find solutions for the future by integrating the wis- dom, tradition and cultural values of Northern indigenous peoples. For more information: http://ysaa.ru/ University of Hohenheim Founded in 1818 after devastating famines, the University of Hohenheim not only is Institute of Biological Problems of Cryolithozone SB RAN well-known for its high-level agricultural research but has traditionally always been The Institute is the leading scientific research institution for the training of scientific per- committed to developing innovative solutions for some of society‘s pressing pro- sonnel for the research and protection of the biological diversity of the North. The blems. To do so, the University of Hohenheim engages in a combination of scienti- Institute has interdepartmental laboratories of permafrost forest management, ecological fic disciplines that is unique among German universities. Today, the University of biochemistry, floristics and phytocenology, ecology and stability of northern ecosystems, Hohenheim is Germany's leading university in agricultural research and food sci- accounting and cadaster of hunting and commercial animals. Fundamental and applied ences, as well as strong and unparalleled in natural, social, business, economic, research is focused on the protection of the unique and vulnerable ecosystems in and communication sciences. This combination makes it possible to find solutions Yakutia as well as adjacent territories of the permafrost zone. Main research topics are: for many global challenges. On all levels, the University of Hohenheim networks • Ecology of organisms and communities: structural and dynamic organization, functio- with partners who strengthen and complement its research and teaching offers. ning and stability of cryolithozone ecosystems; This includes many universities and research institutions with outstanding interna- • Biological diversity: optimization of use and protection of the biological resources of the tional reputation. For more information, visit www.uni-hohenheim.de permafrost zone; • Sustainable integration of Yakutia's bioresources in economic circulation. For more information, please visit: http://ibpc.ysn.ru/ The Hohenheim Research Center for Health Sciences provides a dynamic platform for researchers, lecturers, young scientists and students dedicated to health topics and life sciences. In accordance with the One Health Concept, we promote high-level research across disciplines by North-Eastern Federal University in Yakutsk (NEFU) • joining expertise, e.g. in biology, immunology, health care and medicine, agriculture The Institute of Health was established in 1995 as scientific research institution of the and food sciences, economics and social sciences Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). In 2011, the Institute joined the • building bridges between bench scientists, clinical investigators, health researchers, North-Eastern Federal University as a separate structural unit. The Institute carries out business and public stakeholders research in the field of natural and human sciences focusing on (1) population studies • strengthening national and international networks for exchange, research projects addressing the state of adaptive mechanisms of both indigenous groups and newcomers to and productive partnerships the harsh environmental conditions of the North, (2) fundamental principles of adaptation for • obtaining funds for integrated research projects focusing on major scientific and the preservation of human health, (3) innovative products and technologies for diagnosis, societal topics, including e.g. lifestyle, nutrition, aging, noncommunicable diseases as treatment and prevention of diseases, (4) specific diseases, like Vilyui Encephalomyelitis, well as their social and economic impact. and other degenerative diseases of the brain. For more information, visit www.health.uni-hohenheim.de

4 5 Organizers

Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture Scientific support of agriculture in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) The main achievements of research and development work in recent years are: creation Report of the Director, Dr. Ayaal I. Stepanov and introduction into production of eleven varieties of spring soft wheat, five varieties of spring barley, six varieties of oats, two varieties of winter rye, 14 varieties of perennial grass and leguminous herbs of various type of use, two varieties of potatoes, six varieties of blackcurrant, four varieties of wild strawberry; two breeds of horses, Megezhekskaya The Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution the "Yakut Scientific Research and Prilenskaya; 2 types of horses of the Yakut breed (Yansky, Kolymsky); development Institute of Agriculture named after M.G. Safronov" was founded on March 30, 1956. and production of new biological and veterinary preparations; development and introduc- It is one of the largest institutes in the Far East of Russia. The main aim of the tion into production of new technologies for cultivation of crops, maintenance, feeding, Institute is to conduct fundamental and applied scientific research, experimental and reproduction and treatment of animals. design work, introduce scientific achievements and advanced practices aimed at obtaining new knowledge in the agro-industrial complex that contribute to the techni- In 2017 were published ten monographs, 20 methodological guides and recommendations cal, economic and social development. The Institute, from the day of its creation, pays in the field of plant growing, animal husbandry, processing of agricultural products, veteri- much attention to the introduction of adaptable varieties of grain crops, perennial nary biotechnology and environmental protection, as well as in the economy of agriculture. grasses, potatoes, fruit and berry crops, conservation and breeding of cattle, horses, The Institute obtained 46 patents for invention and 15 for selective achievement and three reindeer and the development of veterinary preparations. certificates of state registrated databases. 20 license agreements were concluded on a reimbursable basis. The staff of the Institute counts 144, including 82 researchers, 10 doctors of science, and 38 candidates of science. The Institute consists of four departments, a postgradu- Every year the Institute helds various seminars, scientific-practical conferences, and round ate study program, a scientific library, and 15 scientific subdivisions, whose manage- tables. Scientists of the Institute take part in various Russian and international scientific ment is carried out by six doctors and nine candidates of science. and practical conferences, meetings, seminars and exhibitions. Every year, the agro-industrial exhibition 'Golden Autumn' takes place in Moscow, at which the development of our According to the State task, seven persons are studying in the postgraduate program Institute has been awarded with seven gold and four silver medals. of the Institute. Postgraduate studying is carried out in accordance with the license for five scientific specialties. Joint research is conducted with leading scientific institutions. International relations in the field of scientific and technical cooperation with foreign countries are being developed with The advisory body of the Institute is the Scientific Council which consists of 16 mem- the Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the Institute of Natural Resources of bers, including seven doctors and nine candidates of science, as well as the board of Finland on the origin and adaptation physiology of the Yakut cattle, the Kazakh Research directors, four scientific and methodological councils for economics, plant growing, Institute of Livestock and Feed Production, the Kazakh National Agrarian University, and animal husbandry, and veterinary. the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Agriculture.

The Institute employs the Council of Young Scientists, postgraduate students and specialists which includes 45 specialists under the age of 39, including ten candidates of science. The 'Small Agricultural Academy' is entrusted by the Order of the Head of the LLC Scientific & production center „Khotu-Bact“ Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) with organization of scientific management of the activities of 80 rural agro-profiled schools throughout Yakutia. A small innovative enterprise LLC „SCIENTIFIC AND PRODUCTION CENTER KHOTU- BACT“ was established in 2013 at the Yakut Research Institute of Agriculture. LLC SPC The Institute has 203.1 hectares of land on permanent (unlimited) use. As a research „KHOTU-BACT“ is a participant of the Skolkovo Foundation, a resident of the Yakutia and production (experimental) base, there are "Yuchyugeyskoe" and two small innova- Technopark, and is the only enterprise in the North-East of Russia that develops and pro- tive enterprises: "Nauka" LLC, and the Scientific Production Center "Hotu-Bact" Ltd. duces veterinary drugs. The scientific novelty of developments is protected by Russian patents. Production is licensed by the Russian Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Supervision (Rosselkhoznadzor).

6 7 Program 12:45 Lunch MONDAY, 13 AUGUST 2018 13:45 Poster Session REGISTRATION, WELCOME AND INTRODUCTION SESSION 2: 09:15 Welcome address Emerging Zoonotic Threats to Human Health (in Russia and in Germany) Ivan I. Sleptsov, Rector, Yakut State Agricultural Academy, Yakutsk Chair: Konstantin M. Stepanov, Yakut Research Center of Complex Medical Problems 09:30 Ludwig E. Hölzle, Head of Delegation, Research Center for Health Sciences, 14:30 Surveillance and control of zoonotic diseases in Germany – an overview and the case of University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Hepatitis E 09:40 Zoonotic infections in Yakutia Mirko Faber, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany Margarita E. Ignat'eva, Head of the Regional Office of the Russian Federal Service for Surveillance 14:50 Viral Hepatitis E as a new zoonotic threat to human health on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) in Yakutia Sergey I. Semenov, Institute of Health, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk 15:10 Discussion: Knowledge Gaps and Cooperation Opportunities SESSION 1: Overview over Zoonoses in Yakutia and in Germany 15:20 Coffee break Chair: Konstantin R. Nifontov, Yakut State Agricultural Academy 09:55 Overview over zoonoses in Yakutia SESSION 3: Alexandr M. Okhlopkov, Regional Office of the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Evidence Base of Climate Change and its Effects on One Health in Yakutia Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) in Yakutia Chair: Agafya Z. Platonova, Yakut State Agricultural Academy 10:10 Assessment of the epizootological situation of bovine tuberculosis in Yakutia 15:50 Influence of global climate change on the natural environment of the center of the continental Galina P. Protod'yakonova, Yakut State Agricultural Academy permafrost zone of the Northern Hemisphere (on the example of Yakutia) 10:20 Prevention of infectious diseases of horses – problems, achievements, perspectives Roman V. Desyatkin, Institute of Biological Problems of Cryolithozone SB RAS Mikhail P. Neustroev, Yakut Research Institute of Agriculture, Yakutsk 16:00 Impact of climate and land use change on soil processes – evidence and perspectives 10:30 Host-pathogen interaction in persistent bacterial infections Sergey Blagodatskiy, Holger Pagel, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Ludwig E. Hölzle, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany 16:15 Discussion: Knowledge Gaps and Cooperation Opportunities 10:45 Pharmacological efficiency of 1β recombinant interleukin in cattle treatment and prevention of cryptosporidiosis Ayan N. Nyukkanov, Yakut State Agricultural Academy SESSION 4: Emerging Diseases Threats: Integrating Local Knowledge and Socioeconomic Factors 10:55 Coffee break 16:25 Indigenous peoples of Yakutia and new health risks in connection with global change Vyacheslav I. Shadrin, Inst. for Humanities Research and Indigenous Studies of the North SB RAS 11:20 Epizootology of Anthrax in Yakutia 16:35 Attitudes towards health among indigenous peoples under modern conditions Mikhail P. Neustroev, Yakut Research Institute of Agriculture, Yakutsk Elena P. Ammosova, Institute of Health, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk 11:30 Anthrax – diagnostics, epidemiology, environment, therapy, vaccines, and phages 16:45 Rural everyday life in Yakutia in a changing environment Wolfgang Beyer, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Liliia I. Vinokurova, Arctic Research Department, Institute for Humanities Research and Indigenous 11:45 Echinococcosis and alveococcosis research in Yakutia Studies of the North, SB RAS Ludmila M. Kokolova, Yakut Research Institute of Agriculture, Yakutsk 16:55 Food products in combination with unique northern raw materials 11:55 Research on alveolar and cystic echinococcosis at the University of Hohenheim Konstantin M. Stepanov, Yakut Research Center of Complex Medical Problems / Yakut State Thomas Romig, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Agricultural Academy, Yakutsk 12:10 A variety of harmful insects (Diptera) and ticks (Acari: Ixodida), study of their life cycle, and 17:05 Bridging knowledge systems in nutrition and health research creation of preventive measures for agricultural animals Stefanie Lemke, Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience, Coventry University, UK / University of Alexandr D. Reshetnikov, Yakut Research Institute of Agriculture, Yakutsk Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany 12:20 Tick related research at the University of Hohenheim 17:20 Discussion: Knowledge Gaps and Cooperation Opportunities Marco Drehmann, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany 12:35 Discussion: Knowledge Gaps and Cooperation Opportunities 17:30 Concluding Remarks / End of the Symposium

8 9 ABSTRACTS Oral Presentations

10 © Svetlana Khatylaeva11 Introduction Introduction

O1 Zoonoses in Yakutia

MARGARITA E. IGNAT‘EVA1*, IZABELLA YU. SAMOYLOVA1, VALENTINA I. GRIGORYEVA1, LYUBOV V. BUDATSYRENOVA1, VIKTOR F. CHERNYAVSKIY2, ОKTYABRINA N. SOFRONOVA2 1 Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor), Regional Office in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) 2 Federal Public Health Institution "Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)" Corresponding author: [email protected]

In the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yaku- 285 permanentlly adverse points of anthrax were Conclusions: References: tia), for a long time there have been natural foci established. Currently, the Veterinary Service re- On the territory of Yakutia, there are natural foci 1. Egorov, I.Ya. Epidemiological surveillance of of infectious diseases common to humans and gularly informs about the detection of serological of infections common to humans and animals, and especially dangerous and natural focal infections animals such as rabies, anthrax, leptospirosis, markers of leptospirosis in horses and rendeers, the circulation of pathogens in the environment is in the Far North. Yakutsk: Kuduk, 2000. tularemia, listeriosis, pseudotuberculosis, yersi- and of detection of rabies pathogens in wild and being analysed. 2. Chernyavskiy, V.F.; Nikiforov, O.I.; Repin, V.E.; niosis, hemorrhagic fever with kidney syndrome domestic animals. In the past century, there have been cases of mass Kershengolts, B.M.; Sofronova, O.N. Epizootolo- and others [1,2,4,5]. According to laboratory environmental studies, zoonotic diseases in humans; today, due to preven- gical epidemiological potential of natural focal in- Experts of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological 19 of the Republic's territories are adverse for tive measures, only sporadic cases of certain di- fections in Yakutia and its dynamics under modern Supervision monitor the circulation of zoonotic tularemia. Here, according to epidemiological seases are recorded. conditions. In: Yakut Medical Journal 2009, No. 1 pathogens in the environment. Zoologists-ento- data, mass vaccinations against tularemia are Modern methods of laboratory diagnostics, inclu- (25), pp. 58-61. mologists annually leave for seasonal field work conducted. Vaccinations against anthrax, rabies, ding those used in regional and all-Russian refe- 3. Egorov, I.Ya. Issues of regional hygiene, sanitati- in different regions of the Republic in order to and tick-borne encephalitis are provided for indi- rence centers, allow us to identify a wide range of on and epidemiology. Yakutsk: Polygraphist, 1997. catch rodents, birds, arthropods, and to collect viduals from the "risk groups". pathogens of natural focal infections, also including 4. Egorov, I. Ya.; Fedulova, A.G.; Kochetov, T.I. Epi- samples of water and soil. Then, the collected In the last century large outbreaks took place in paleomicroflora, to perform their genomic analysis, demiological features of infectious and parasitic di- material is examined in the Laboratory of especi- Yakutia: of tularemia in 1959-1960, pseudotu- and to identify sources, reservoirs and transmissi- seases in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Yakutsk: ally dangerous infections for zoonotic pathogens. berculosis in 1974, rabies in 1973, and between on mechanisms of infections. Sakhapoligrazdat, 1997. Until 1990, pathogens responsible for tularemia 1950-1980, there were cases of human infections The state sanitary and epidemiological surveillance 5. Egorov, I. Ya.; Fedulova, A.G.; Kochetov, T.I. were isolated in water samples of floodplains, with anthrax [1,2,4,5]. At present, there are occa- conducted by the experts of the Rospotrebnadzor Infectious diseases in Yakutia: Reference book. lakes and from blood-sucking dipterous insects sional cases of yersiniosis. In 2018, a first local in cooperation with the Veterinary Service and Yakutsk: Sahapoligrazdat, 1994. and ectoparasites [1,2]. At present, the causative case of tick-borne encephalitis was registered. leading scientific institutions of the country allows 6. Marchenko, V.Yu. et al. Isolation of highly pa- agents and markers of tularemia and pseudotu- There is a great interest in paleomicrobiological timely identification of trends in the development thogenic influenza A (subtype H5N8) virus on the berculosis are periodically determined in mate- research. Together with the State Scientific Cen- of the epidemic process of natural focal infections territory of Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). In: Far Ea- rials from rodents, the pathogens of intestinal ter of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", stu- and adequately respond to the emerging epidemi- stern Journal of Infectious Pathology 2015, No. 2, yersiniosis were detected in food samples and in dies of an Oymyakon mammoth calf were carried ological situation. pp. 38-43. sewage, the virus of tick-borne encephalitis was out, whose age was estimated to be more than 18 detected in ticks (from 3% to 11%). In 2014, an thousand years. A living aerobic gram-positive avian influenza A (H5N8) virus was isolated from non-spore bacterial culture, classified as Kurthia, a wild migratory bird [6]. In 2018, a culture of li- was isolated. In this study, a high concentration steria was identified in fish samples. The Vete- of viable thermotolerant aerobic bacteria was rinary Service registered cases of infection and noted. The study has also shown that more ge- the death of animals from anthrax up to 1993. nomic analysis is needed in order to undestand According to archival materials in 26 districts, the stability of the properties over time.

12 13 Session 1 Session 1

O2 Evaluation of the epizootological situation of tuberculosis in the Republic O3 Prevention of infectious disease of horses: problems, achievements, perspecti- of Sakha (Yakutia) ves

GALIINA P. PROTOD'YAKONOVA1', N.G. PAVLOV2, A.E. DANILOVA3 MIKHAIL P. NEUSTROEV1*, NADEZHDA P. TARABUKINA2* 1 Prof. Dr. vet. sc., Chair of Parasitology and Epizootology of Animals, Yakut State Agricultural Academy 1 Prof. Dr. vet. sc., Head of the Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Yakut Scientific Research Institute 2 Cand. vet. sc., Scientific and Practical Center "Phthisiology" of Agriculture, Scientific and Production Center “Hotu-Bact”, Ltd. 3 Student at the Russian State Agricultural University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy 2 Prof. Dr. vet. sc., Head of the Microbial Development Laboratory, Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Corresponding author: [email protected] Agriculture, Scientific and Production Center “Hotu-Bact”, Ltd. Corresponding author: [email protected]

The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) had a compli- have developed and implemented comprehen- Infectious and invasive diseases play a signifi- nomodulator. The use of the vaccine ensures the cated epizootic situation for cattle tuberculosis sive measures which are scientifically evaluated cant role in horse breeding. The most common recovery of farms from salmonellosis of horses, for a long period. The purpose of this report is and are accompanied by research on preventive and causing significant economic damage re- and prevents infection of humans. a retrospective study of the epizootic process of and diagnostic tools. sults from horse strangles, salmonella abortion The scientific novelty of the developments was bovine tuberculosis in Yakutia. Within this collaborative framework, the dia- and rhinopneumonia of horses. In recent ye- proven and protected by 41 Russian patents for In the 1950's-1980's in the Republic of Sakha gnostic value of the detection of mycobacterial ars, a spread of leptospirosis has been noted. A invention. (Yakutia), a high incidence of tuberculosis in agri- tuberculosis DNA by PCR in blood samples of decrease in the level of immunobiological reac- In the next five-six years, it is our aim to: cultural animals was recorded, the criterion for cattle from Republic's tuberculosis-free farms, tivity of foals and mares in the autumn and win- - test an inactivated vaccine against rhinopneu- the epidemic significance of animal tuberculosis previously unsuccessful, was investigated. At ter periods as a result of the influence of stress monia of horses under production conditions, was the frequency of allocation of bovine myco- the same time and against the background of factors and infection with viral diseases has been - test an associated vaccine against rhinopneu- bacteria in people with tuberculosis. stabilization of the epizootic situation of cattle established. The spread of viral diseases such monia and salmonella abortion under production The results of the studies served as the basis for tuberculosis, the problem of nonspecific tuber- as influenza and rhinopneumonia among breeds conditions, the development of the state "Program of mea- culin reactions remains. Annually, in 15-18 out of horses has been noted. Therefore, the use - test an inactivated vaccine against rhinopneu- sures for the improvement of livestock farms with of 35 districts of the Republic, animals reacting of immunomodulators in inactivated vaccines is monia, the horse strangles and salmonellosis un- respect to the tuberculosis of cattle", the intro- to PPD-tuberculin for mammals are identified. needed. der laboratory and production conditions, duction of which made it possible to drastically Long-term studies on the causes of the etiology The vaccine against the horse strangles is made - obtain a registration of the vaccine against the improve the epizootic situation for this infection of nonspecific tuberculin reactions have shown of an inactivated strangles Streptococcus strain horse strangles in Mongolia, Kazakhstan and in the country by 1988. that this infection is due to non-tuberculosis (aty- Str.equi H-34. The vaccine against horse salmo- China. Despite these measures, sporadic cases of tu- pical) mycobacteria. nella abortion is made from the strain Sal.abor- berculosis in herds of cattle on small farms and The introduction of the system of scientifically tus equi BN-12. The vaccine contains an immu- private farms were recorded in 1996 and 2001. based measures for the control and prevention To prevent further outbreaks, the Department of of tuberculosis among cattle allowed for a signifi- Veterinary of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and cant improvement of the epizootological situation the Scientific and Practical Center "Phthisiology" in Yakutia for this infection.

14 15 Session 1 Session 1

O4 Host-pathogen interaction of persistent bacterial infections O5 Pharmacological efficiency of 1β recombinant interleukin in cattle treatment and prevention of cryptosporidiosis

LUDWIG E. HÖLZLE IVAN I. BOCHKAREV1, AYAN N. NYUKKANOV2*, T.A. PLATONOV3, N.V. KUZ'MINA3 Prof. Dr. med. vet, Chair of Livestock Infectiology and Environmental Hygiene, Institute of Animal Science, 1 Prof., Dr. biol. sc., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yakut State Agricultural Academy University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany 2 Assoc. Prof., Dr. biol. sc., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yakut State Agricultural Academy Corresponding author: [email protected] 3 Dr. biol. sc., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yakut State Agricultural Academy Corresponding author: [email protected]

The Department of Livestock Infectiology and endothelial damage during the infection. Anemia For the first time in a veterinary setting, 1β IL re- an effective struggle against invasive agents, and Environmental Hygiene has three main foci in is caused by scavenging of nutrients, adhesion combinant immunomodulator has been tested for restricted the development of the disease. IL-1β research, 1) environmental and animal hygiene and invasion of the red blood cells, eryptosis, cryptosporidiosis of cattle under experimental immunomodulation in calves caused complex posi- (animal health), 2) zoonoses and veterinary pu- and autoreactive antibodies. To get insight into conditions. This fundamentally new approach for tive changes during the 1-2 months of observation. blic health, and 3) infection biology. the molecular and cellular basis of the pathoge- the prevention and treatment of cryptosporidiosis Effectiveness of the drug depended on dosage, fre- Within the first two topics, we are dealing with nesis of this disease, we use several laboratory in cattle is based on a 1ß recombinant interleukin quency of application, the invasive process period, the establishment of diagnostic tools, develop- techniques such as microscopy (LM, EM, CLSM), (1ß IL) that has been developed and is synthesi- and individual parameters of the animals. ment of vaccine candidates, epidemiology, di- serology (ELISA, WB), DNA tools, recombinant zed by the State Scientific Research Institute of When using 1ß IL for preventive purposes, the drug sinfection, and novel strategies to prevent and expression of proteins, genomics, proteomics, Highly Pure Biopharmaceuticals of the Ministry of (5-10 ng / kg weight) is injected once a day starting treat infectious diseases. We are interested in microarray techniques, RNA-Seq, metabolomics, Health of the Russian Federation. The use of 1β at the first day after birth, and applied three times animals as reservoirs of pathogens for humans, cell cultures, and FACS (fluorescence-activated interleukin prior to infection, simultaneously with in- at an interval of 48 hours. “emerging and re-emerging diseases”, novel vec- cell scanning). fection or upon infection lead to a better state of the For the purpose of treatment, the drug is used 10 tors and reservoirs (plants, amoebae), and the Another disease connected with persistent infec- animals treated and/ or to their complete recovery. ng / kg of weight once a day for 3 days. The possi- role of climate change, and globalization/ tourism tions is pseudotuberculosis in sheep and goat This was accompanied by a significant increase in bility of correction of the immune status of animals (novel chains of infection). caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. the immunological reactivity of the organism. The with cryptosporidiosis and prevention has been In the focus “infection biology”, we are investi- These bacteria can survive and multiply intracel- drug restored the normal content of leukocytes in confirmed. gating persistent bacterial infections caused by lular in macrophages as well as in epithelial cells. peripheral blood, and also enhanced blast trans- The drug has an advantage over antibiotics and the non-cultivable bacterium Mycoplasma suis For this, they are taken up by the cells via a zip- formation of lymphocytes and their production of other chemical and pharmacological agents, since which causes infectious anemia in pigs. This per-like mechanism and can get out of the phago- IL-2. The changes in the immune system observed this drug, being able to substitute the natural im- bacterium is very interesting due to the fact that somes to multiply in the cell cytoplasm. upon the application of the drug allowed for a si- munity mediator, stimulates body defenses without we found autoimmunity, immune modulation, and gnificant increase in body defenses of the animal, eliciting toxic and allergic effects.

16 17 Session 1 Session 1

O6 Epizootology of Anthrax in Yakutia O7 Anthrax: Diagnostics, Epidemiology, Environment, Therapy, Vaccines, and Phages ... G.T. DYAGILEV1, MIKHAIL P. NEUSTROEV2* More than two decades of research at the University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 1 Dr. vet. sc., Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology 2 Prof. Dr. biol. sc., Head of the Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture WOLFGANG BEYER Corresponding author: [email protected] PD Dr. med. vet. habil. Livestock Infectiology and Environmental Hygiene, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Corresponding author: [email protected]

The first information about Anthrax in Yakutia ky, Oleneksky, Verkhoyansky, Tattinsky (6 to 15 The Anthrax laboratory of the University of Hohen- - the investigation of the life cycle of members of dates back to 1811. For the period from 1811 to times); heim has been working as a consultancy laboratory Bacillus cereus sensu lato in environmental ha- 1993, on the territory of the Republic the disease C) a zone with a low level of incidence and disad- for B. anthracis for more than 20 years, mainly in bitats and within living vectors, and mortality of domestic and wild animals with vantage which includes following districts: Ver- duty of the veterinary service in Germany. It is well - the development and pre-clinical testing of non-li- Anthrax was registered in 739 disadvantaged khnekolymsky, Nizhnekolymsky, Neryungrinsky, established as a cooperation partner for the lea- ving vaccines against Anthrax, comprising multi- settlements and in 244 permanently disadvanta- Ust-Maysky, Lensky, Aldansky, Kobyaisky, ding anthrax laboratories in Europe and worldwide. ple recombinant proteins with various adjuvants or ged settlements. The number of dead domestic Eveno-Bytantaisky, Tomponsky, Zhigansky, The institute owns a large and still growing culture DNA vaccines, and wild animals was 78.017, including cattle – Mirninsky, Momsky (1 to 5 times); collection of aerobic endospore forming bacteria of - the development and pre-clinical testing of novel 29.480 (37.7%), horses – 35.995 (46.1%), and D) area free of Anthrax. it includes mainly tundra European, Asian, and African origins. therapeutics against Anthrax, deer – 12.537 (16.2%). areas of the polar regions of Yakutia: Anabars- Main topics of our research are: - the role of temperate phages in the life cycle of B. The territory of Yakutia is divided into four epi- ky, Allaikhovsky, Bulunsky, Ust-Yansky, Abyisky - the development and validation of laboratory me- anthracis, zootic zones according to the level of incidence districts. In these areas Anthrax has never been thods for the detection of Bacillus anthracis from - the usage of lytic phages in decontamination of (repeatability and degree of disadvantage): recorded. environmental samples, including specimens sus- B. anthracis. A) a zone with a high level of incidence and di- Multiple outbreaks of Anthrax in the same areas picious to contain spores of intentionally released The talk will give a short overview on the topics sadvantage which includes 9 administrative indicate the stationarity of the infection. bacilli, mentioned above. territories (districts) of Yakutia: Vilyuisky, Verk- We have developed a cadastre of disadvanta- - the establishment and improvement of methods hnevilyuisky, Yakutsky, Nyurbinsky, Ust-Aldans- ged settlements for Anthrax. The presence of a for forensic and molecular-epidemiological investi- ky, Namsky, Srednekolymsky, Olekminsky, Am- large number of disadvantaged settlements and gations of outbreaks of Anthrax, ginsky (17 to 25 times); the long-term survival of the pathogen in environ- B) a zone with an average level of incidence ment causes a threat of epizootic situation. The and disadvantage which includes the following threat is also confirmed by the results of our own districts: Suntarsky, Khangalassky, Oimyakons- forecasting methods. ky, Gorny, Churapchinsky, Megino-Kangalass-

18 19 Session 1 Session 1

O8 Echinococcosis and alveococcosis research in Yakutia O9 Research on alveolar and cystic echinococcosis at the University of Hohenheim

LUDMILA M. KOKOLOVA THOMAS ROMIG Dr. habil. vet. sc., Head of Laboratory of Helminthology, Yakut Research Institute of Agriculture, Yakutsk Dr. rer. nat., Parasitology, Insitute of Zoology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Corresponding author: [email protected] Corresponding author: [email protected]

Since 1998, studies at the Institute focused on From 61 bank voles - 4 (6.5%), and from 51 lem- Echinococcosis affects more than one million is spread in cold and temperate climates through- cestodes in Yakutia, in particular Echinococcus mings - 11 (21.3%). 2.512 domesticated deer people at any one time, and is recognized by the out the Northern hemisphere. It is a primary wildli- granulosus and Alveococcus multilocularis. Tape were examined. Infection by Echinococcus gra- World Health Organization (WHO) as one of four fe parasite, transmitted in life cycles between wild worms have been studied in domestic and wild nulosus (larva) was detected in 52 animals, which priority neglected zoonotic diseases, along with ra- canids (mainly foxes) and rodents. Humans are ac- ungulates, domesticated and wild carnivores. equals 2.07%. Moreover, 641 wild reindeer were bies, cysticercosis and foodborne trematodes. Two cidentally infected, but the resulting disease is ma- Echinococcus granulosus (larva) was found in examined: Echinococcus granulosus (larva) were forms of the disease are important, both occuring lignant with unsatisfactory treatment options and domesticated and wild reindeer, roe deer and elk, detected in 33 animals which equals 5.14%. The in Yakutia: leads to death without qualified medical interventi- and also in humans. highest proportion of infected animals was found Cystic echinococcosis (CE), a debilitating and po- on. In Yakutia, published prevalence data indicate Echinococcosis refers to the invasion of a hu- in elk: out of 96, 54 were found to be infected by tentially fatal disease of humans, is spread world- the presence of hyperendemic foci. Recently, a ge- man or an animal with a larval cystic (metacyclic) Echinococcus granulosus (larva), which equals wide with the highest public health and economic notype was found in Northern Yakutia that was pre- stage and a sexually mature stage (tapeworm). 56.2 ± 0.93%. impact in resource-poor countries, and is trans- viously thought to be restricted to America. Consi- Two types of tapeworms belonging to the spe- Alveococcus multilocularis, the mature stage is mitted in life cycles involving dogs or wild canids dering the vast North-South extension of Yakutia, cies Echinococcus are known, parasitising in often found in arctic foxes (final hosts) and lem- and domestic or wild ungulates. CE is caused by the presence of different life cycles (involving dif- two stages: Echinococcus granulosus (larva) mings (intermediate hosts), in foxes and dogs, various pathogens of the cestode genus Echino- ferent genotypes with divergent pathogenicity in is localised in the parenchymal organs in mice, and other mice, but is very rare in humans and coccus, whose complex taxonomic structure has humans) is expected, e.g. in Arctic tundra and in lemmings, domesticated and wild reindeer, roe other mammals, i.e. almost not recorded. only recently been established. Accordingly, trans- boreal forest zones (which, however, may or may deer, elk and human. The sexually mature stage There is a known a case of human disease that mission pathways and pathogenicity for humans not be linked through long-distance migration of ar- of Echinococcus granulosus is localised in the has been registered in 2014, and was characteri- and livestock are known to vary widely among the ctic foxes, red foxes and wolves). There is a report small intestine of domestic and wild carnivores, sed by its malignant course for more than ten ye- cryptic species of this Echinococcus granulosus about a specific transmission between domestic like dogs, wolves, and red foxes. ars. The primary organ affected was liver, later, cluster. Yakutia is a focus of CE within the Russi- dogs and synanthropic rodents in central Yakutia, Tumors of Echinococcus most often are found in characteristic metastases in other organs, like an Federation, with high disease prevalence in do- but no details on this have been published yet. the lungs, liver and larynx of deer, lungs and liver the intestine and peritoneum, became manifest. mestic livestock (e.g. reindeer) as well as wild ani- of roe deer and elk, and liver and other internal The size of nodes of Alveococcus larvae reached mals (e.g. moose, wolves). Molecular identification In conclusion, Echinococcus transmission in Yaku- organs of mouse rodents as well as in the liver, 15-20 cm in diameter. of few samples revealed the presence of at least tia (and the resulting risk for humans and life- lungs and brain of humans. 627 rodents were ex- Yakutia belongs to the endemic regions with re- two Echinococcus species and several diverse ge- stock) is intense, and the contributions of different posed to helminthic autopsy: out of 107 house gard to echinococcosis and alveococcosis. The- notypes in animal hosts. The transmission seems Echinococcus species and genotypes are complex mice, four (3.74%) were infected by Echinococ- se zoonotic helminthiases pose a great danger to to be highly complex, involving both domestic and and little understood. Molecular characterization cus granulosus (larva); out of 300 bank voles - agricultural, domestic, and wild animals but also wild animals. CE in humans is frequently reported, of systematically sampled parasite isolates is ex- 18 (6.0%); narrow-headed voles - two, Northern to humans. but here are no data on the impact of any of these pected to help identifying important transmission red-backed voles - 61, and lemmings - 51. parasite species on humans for lack of investiga- pathways and enable evidence-based control and tions. prevention campaigns. Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is caused by various genotypes of one species, E. multilocularis, which

20 21 Session 1 Session 1

O10 A variety of harmful insects (Diptera) and ticks (Acari: Ixodida), study of O11 Tick-related research at the University of Hohenheim their life cycle, and creation of preventive measures for agricultural animals

ALEXANDR D. RESHETNIKOV1*, ANASTASIYA I. BARASHKOVA2, EVGENIY N. POPOV3 MARCO DREHMANN*, ALEXANDER LINDAU, MARION WASSERMANN, UTE MACKENSTEDT 1 Prof. Dr. vet. sc., Head of Laboratory of Arachnoentomology, Yakut Research Institute of Agriculture Department of Parasitology, Institute of Zoology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany 2 Dr. habil. biol. sc., Laboratory of Arachnoentomology, Yakut Research Institute of Agriculture Corresponding author: [email protected] 3 Doctoral student, M.Sc., email: [email protected] Corresponding author: [email protected]

Global warming causes a change in the fauna, and Hybomitra aequetincta were identified, and 1. Tick diversity and distribution 3. Tick control life cycles and the harmfulness of insects and in the basin of the Kolyma River a previously We are studying the density, diversity and distribu- Biological and chemical approaches of tick control ticks for farm animals. Studies of our Labora- observed type of midges, i.e. Simulium postica- tion of ticks in Germany. Therefore, we are collec- are being developed and tested in our laboratory, tory of Arachnoentomology have shown an ap- tum, was observed. Given the massive attacks of ting ticks either from hosts or by flagging and iden- in controlled tick plots, and in gardens. We focus pearance of new, previously unidentified species blood-sucking mosquitoes on herds of domestic tifying the species by morphological characteristics on entomopathogenic fungi in an 'attract and kill' in the arthropod fauna of the Republic of Sakha reindeer during the summer months, the average and with molecular methods. This also comprises approach. The test of the "Ixogon Zeckenrolle", a (Yakutia). Such invasive species might represent annual damage amounts to 1,940.84 thousand the detection of tick species previously unknown in product commercially available in Europe, has just novel vectors that transfer dangerous zoonotic rubles. The economic effect for one year per one Germany, like Hyalomma rufipes. been finished. diseases to farm and other animals. Already, the herd of reindeer is 1,875.49 thousand rubles, the economic damage caused by zoonotic diseases economic effect per one ruble of costs is 28.7 2. Tick-borne diseases 4. Behavioural studies previously unknown is very high. After a long rubles. Tick-borne diseases are not equally distributed in By using partially automated techniques we stu- period of well-being in Yakutia, in 2008 an ag- We have developed effective preventive techno- Germany. Therefore, we collect ticks in different dy tick behaviour under special conditions, i.e. in gressive form of pyreplasmidosis of reindeer oc- logies to protect farm animals from harmful ar- areas in Germany to detect pathogens like TBE-Vi- certain seasons or circadian phases. The ticks are cured, the regional focus of which was found in thropods. These innovative technologies are pro- rus, Borrelia, Rickettsia, and others by means of kept in a controlled environment in the laboratory or the Gorny District. In the settlement Tomtor, 189 tected by more than ten patents of the Russian Light-Cycler-PCR. The identification of pathogens in a tick plot and monitored by cameras. An image deer (57.9%) of the herd stock died, while in the Federation. Research in our laboratory is perfor- in ticks is a prerequisite for understanding the dis- recognition program has been developed to mea- area of Tapsylyn the infection caused 105 (77%) med by competent staff and we cooperate with tribution of tick borne diseases in Germany. sure tick activity. animals deceased. Another unexpected finding in leading scientific institutions in Russia, e.g. the Yakutia was the tick species Ixodes persulcatus, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Fun- which is a vector transmitting many dangerous damental and Applied Parasitology of Animals blood borne parasitic diseases. In the Primorsky and Plants named after K.I. Skryabin, the A.N. tundra, previously unidentified species of Hybo- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution and mitra flies were found, i.e. Hybomitra montana the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of montana and H. nigricornis. For plains pastures Veterinary Entomology and Arachnology. species like Chrysops divaricatus, Chr. suavis

1. Barashkova A.I. 2017. Bloodsucking dipterals on insects (Insecta, Diptera: Tabanidae, Culicidae, Simuliidae) of the agrocenoses of Yakutia: Abstract of the thesis of Doctor of Biological Sciences. 48 p. http://dlib.rsl.ru/viewer/01006653982#?pa- ge=1 (in Russian). 2. Reshetnikov A.D., Barashkova A.I. 2017. Technology of protection of reindeer from bloodsucking dipterous insects and imago gadfly under the conditions of tundra. 11 p. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=30691359 (in Russian).

22 23 Session 2 Session 2

O12 Surveillance and control of zoonotic diseases in Germany – O13 Viral Hepatitis E as a new zoonotic threat to human health in Yakutia an overview and the case of Hepatitis E

MIRKO FABER SERGEY I. SEMENOV1*, SNEZHANA S. SLEPTSOVA2, KONSTANTIN M. STEPANOV3 Dr. med., Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany 1 Research Institute of Health, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk Corresponding author: [email protected] 2 Medical Institute, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk 3 Yakutsk Scientific Center of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk Corresponding author: [email protected]

Outbreaks of highly pathogenic diseases such riosis, tularaemia, anthrax), Introduction: Hepatitis E, previously considered of 19), while Hepatitis C markers were found in as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), - that can cause outbreaks (e.g., trichinellosis, a tropical infection, is a new threat for human he- 31.5% of cases. Notably, HCV-RNA was only de- avian influenza or Ebola have shown that zoo- brucellosis, hantavirus disease), alth around the world. According to some estima- tected in 21.0% of these cases. A similar situation notic infections can be a serious threat to public - that can be climate sensitive (e.g., Tick-borne tes, one-third of the world's population is infected is observed in patients with chronic viral Hepatitis health and keep the world in suspense for seve- encephalitis (TBE), borreliosis, hantavirus disea- with the Hepatitis E virus (HEV). In many European C. Among 68 patients diagnosed with Hepatitis C, ral months. se) or emerging (e.g., hepatitis E). countries, the detectability of serological markers markers of Hepatitis E, Hepatitis B (HBsAg), and of HEV in donors varies between 1.3% (in Italy) to Hepatitis D were detected in 25%, 11.7% and 4.4% Although less dramatic, zoonoses also play an In this presentation, we would like to give exam- 52% (in France). The risk groups are farmers and of cases, respectively. In fact, a quadruple infection important role for public health on a daily basis. ples of epidemiological surveillance, research hunters. (HCV+HEV+HBV+HDV) was established for some In Germany, more than half of all infectious di- and outbreak investigations with regard to se- Methods: ELISA tests were performed for the pre- individuals. Whether this co-distribution of other seases that are mandatorily notifiable according lected zoonotic pathogens that are relevant to sence of a-HEV-IgG in 148 persons, including 64 Hepatitis markers is significant in either of the pa- to the Infection Protection Act (IfSG) are zoo- public health in Germany. persons in pastoral areas, and 12 persons in rein- tients groups needs to be verified for larger patient noses. deer breeding areas. 13 persons were patients with cohorts. They include diseases A focus will be on the epidemiology of Hepatitis chronic hepatitis B and C, and a group of "conditio- Conclusion: According to our study results, there - with a high incidence (e.g., salmonellosis, cam- E, a foodborne infection, mainly transmitted via nally healthy" individuals consisted of 59 persons. is a high incidence and infection of the Yakut po- pylobacteriosis), consumption of pork and game meat and causing Results: Markers of viral Hepatitis E (a-HEVIgG) pulation with all known Hepatitis viruses. An in- - with a high case fatality (e.g., HUS/STEC, liste- nearly 3.000 notified clinical cases in 2017. were found in 21.8 % of the population from pa- creased circulation of the Hepatitis E virus in the storal areas and in 16.6% of reindeer herding Russian Arctic was observed. Further research areas. Our studies have shown a high circulation with larger proband cohorts are needed to assess of HEV among "conditionally healthy" individuals the degree of infection with Hepatitis viruses in the (21.2%) and patients with viral Hepatitis B and C Yakut population and to determine their specific (22.4%). Among 19 patients with chronic Hepati- viral genotypes, as well as their mode of transmis- tis B, anti-HEVIgG was detected in 21.0% (4 out sion and host adaptation.

24 25 Session 3 Session 3

O14 Influence of global climate change on the natural environment of the cen- O15 Impact of climate and land use change on soil processes - evidence and ter of the continental permafrost zone of the Northern Hemisphere (on the perspectives example of Yakutia)

ROMAN V. DESYATKIN*, ALEXEY R. DESYATKIN SERGEY BLAGODATSKIY1, HOLGER PAGEL2, ELLEN KANDELER2, CHRISTIAN POLL2, THILO Institute of Biological Problems of Cryolithozone, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk RENNERT2, THILO STRECK2 Corresponding author: [email protected] 1 Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), University of Hohenheim 2 Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Corresponding author: [email protected]

Current changes in the climate, primarily increa- Many animals and plants have shifted their The transformation of heterogeneous and diverse This process is strongly controlled by temperature sing air temperatures, have exerted a considera- ranges and this may well be the precursor of a landscapes of Yakutia (Central Siberia) is strongly and moisture and is an integral component of “soil ble impact on the state of permafrost landscapes general northward shift of the natural zones. The affected by current and forthcoming climate chan- health”, i.e. the capacity of soil to function according and ecosystems in Eastern Siberia. The 2-3°C gradual expansion of the habitats for many ani- ge, which can be seen in this region as gradual to its potential and management strategies (Doran, rise in mean annual air temperature over the last mal and plant species from south to north also increase of mean annual and maximum summer 2002; Wall et al., 2015). Soil health is considered three decades has resulted in a ground tempe- contributes to an invasion of new plant and ani- temperatures (Desyatkin and Desyatkin, 2017). as essential for maintaining human well-being and rature increase of 0.4-1.3°C, which in turn has mal species into the northern areas, including The warming in this region is ten times faster than the conservation of biodiversity. led to deepening of seasonal thaw and intensifi- crop pests and pathogens. the global average value (Schuur et al., 2015), and For collaborative research on soil health in Yaku- cation of cryogenic processes. In forest-free and leads to accelerated permafrost thawing as well as tia, we propose to focus on the impact of land use disturbed locations underlain by the ice complex, In warming climate, cryogenic processes cause increasing forest fire frequency and total lake area and climate change on SOM mineralization. This permafrost has begun to degrade resulting in local redistribution of the ecosystems, the me- (Boike et al., 2016). will be based on our previous experience on me- thermokarst development and landscape resha- chanisms of which have not been understood Considering these changes in the frame of “One asuring and modeling of land use impact on SOM ping. Permafrost degradation makes the land adequately yet. Permafrost ecosystems respond Health”, we need to account for several interrela- turnover (Blagodatskii et al., 2008; Demyan et al., useless for agriculture and other purposes, and to global warming quite rapidly. This makes the ted components: people and animal migration and 2016; Larionova et al., 2003), emission of green- poses a potential threat to human life and activi- study of their changes somewhat easier, but still distribution, availability of soil resources for agricul- house gases (Lamers et al., 2007; Van Den Berg ties. Increasing air temperatures have triggered requires meticulous attention to observations, re- ture and stock raising, and emission of greenhouse et al., 2016; Wizemann et al., 2014), small-scale changes in the ecology of Eastern Siberia. search, and analysis of the processes under way. gases from land and soil. Greenhouse gas emissi- spatiotemporal dynamics of SOM, pesticides and ons may particularly become critical due to a posi- soil-microbiome interactions (Kramer et al., 2016;

tive feedback loop: additional CO2 and CH4 emitted Pagel et al., 2016; Preusser et al., 2017), tempera- in response to climate warming will increase the ture sensitivity of SOM decomposition and impact greenhouse effect and further accelerate the rise of global warming (Ali et al., 2018; Blagodatskaya of the land surface temperature. The major source et al., 2016; Crowther et al., 2016) as well as com- of greenhouse gas emissions from soil is the mine- position and stability of SOM and organo-mineral ralization of soil organic matter (SOM). associations (Rennert et al., 2014, 2018).

References: Ali, R.S et al., 2018. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 118, 59–68. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.12.007 References continued: Blagodatskaya, E.et al., 2016. Scientific Reports 6. doi:10.1038/srep22240 Larionova, A.A.et al., 2003. Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology 55, 331–337. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0889.2003.00042.x Blagodatskii, S.A.et al., 2008. Microbiology 77, 99–106. doi:10.1007/s11021-008-1014-5 Pagel, H.,et al., 2016. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 103, 349–364. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.09.014 Boike, J.et al., 2016. Global and Planetary Change 139, 116–127. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.01.001 Preusser, S.et al., 2017. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 105, 138–152. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.11.021 Crowther, T.W.et al., 2016. Nature 540, 104–108. doi:10.1038/nature20150 Rennert, T.et al., 2018. Geoderma 311, 15–24. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.09.039 Demyan, M.S.et al., 2016 Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 224, 131–144. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2016.03.039 Rennert, T.et al., 2014. European Journal of Soil Science 65, 684–692. doi:10.1111/ejss.12157 Desyatkin, R.V., Desyatkin, A.R., 2017. Eurasian Soil Science 50, 1301–1310. doi:10.1134/S1064229317090022 Schuur, E.A.G.et al., 2015. Nature 520, 171–179. doi:10.1038/nature14338 Doran, J.W., 2002. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 88, 119–127. doi:10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00246-8 Van Den Berg, Met al., 2016. Biogeosciences 13, 6107–6119. doi:10.5194/bg-13-6107-2016 Kramer, S.et al., 2016. Frontiers in Microbiology 7. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.01524 Wall, D.H., Nielsen, U.N., Six, J., 2015. Soil biodiversity and human health. Nature 528, 69–76. doi:10.1038/nature15744 Lamers, M., Ingwersen, J., Streck, T., 2007. Atmospheric Environment 41, 1681–1688. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.10.050 Wizemann, H.-D. et al., 2014. Meteorologische Zeitschrift 24, 39–59. doi:10.1127/metz/2014/0618 26 27 Session 4 Session 4

O16 Indigenous peoples of Yakutia and new health risks in connection with O17 Attitudes towards health among indigenous peoples under modern condi- global change tions

VYACHESLAV I. SHADRIN ELENA P. AMMOSOVA*, RAISA N. ZAKHAROVA, AFANASIY FEDOROV, M.E. BALTAKHINOVA Arctic Research Department, Institute for Humanities Research and Indigenous Studies of the North, 1 Research Institute of Health, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences Corresponding author: [email protected] Corresponding author: [email protected]

Indigenous peoples of the North in Russia pre- 3) The global warming leads to permafrost mel- Introduction: The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) jority of participants in the study. Despite this, sent diverse ethnic groups with less than 50.000 ting which reveals old burial sites of animals and is located in the North of Russia. Yakutia has a the responses analysis indicates that most re- persons in total. They live in their original territo- humans that died during outbreaks, presenting harsh, extreme continental climate. From time spondents do not recognise responsibility for ries and pursue their traditional way of live. The new threats to health. immemorial, all measures of health protection their own health: they showed an unsatisfactory group members share a sense of ethnic identity. 4) Also new species of animals and insects can have been inextricably linked with the way of life level of commitment to a healthy lifestyle and a The term indigenous peoples of the North in the spread new diseases further to the North. Our of northern peoples, their unique traditions and rather passive attitude towards their health. Most Russian Federation comprises 41 groups, with people observe changed behaviours of wild ani- world views. Over the last century, the traditio- respondents underevaluate the role of health in the total number of 240.000, in 34 regions and in mals like wild reindeers, bears and wolves cau- nal way of life in Yakutia has radically changed in their lives, and do not realise the importance of 2/3 of the territory of Russia. In the Republic of sing new threats to livestock and humans. most areas: the rural type of dwelling is gradually health as an instrumental value. Health as an in- Sakha (Yakutia), 40.000 indigenous peoples live 5) There is an increasing number of diseases replaced by urban settlements, physical labour strumental value scores behind the values such in 81 settlements of 21 administrative districts. 65 related to climate change (prolonged heat perio- is replaced by mental work, the diet and nutriti- as persistence and hard work, and takes a lower % of them live in rural areas. These ethnic groups ds, extended forest fires, smoke etc). Previously on behaviours have undergone fundamental ch- place compared to its terminal value. People of are Evenki, Even, Yukaghir, Dolgan, Chukchi and unknown health conditions like asthma have in- anges, and technogenic transformation replaced mature age more actively engage in health pro- also Russian Arctic old-settlers. creased in the last years. Another health threat is informational isolation. All of the above factors moting activities, which probably is associated As elsewhere in the world, and especially in the increased exposure to ultraviolet radiation. lead to stress, destabilisation of health-preser- with the awareness of a slow deterioration of Arctic regions, the indigenous peoples of Yaku- 6) Water safety is one of the major health issues ving behaviours, and negatively affect the health well-being and the presence of chronic diseases. tia face several challenges due to the global ch- for humans and animals alike. In recent years, of the inhabitants of the North. Younger people focus their life towards other anges of today: the pollution of water has sharply increased due activities, most of them think of themselves as 1) Traditional occupations are based on ancient to the melting of permafrost. Methods: This study has been conducted and healthy and therefore do not need to deal with knowledge that accumulated over thousands of 7) One of the biggest social changes is the altered centered around the questionnaire "Attitude to measures preventing diseases. years which helps to survive under extreme we- diet, including reduction of natural products. health" developed by R.A. Berezovskaya (2001) Conclusion: ather conditions. The whole nomadic life was 8) Infrastructure problems like erosion of shores, and that is based on a value-motivation scale. In the new environment, the self-preserving be- built on the ability to predict weather for diffe- destruction of roads, houses, air bases occur The concept of "Psychology of social relations" havioral skills of the indigenous peoples of the rent periods as the basis for choosing suitable more frequently. Due to the earlier river ice mel- provided the theoretical base. Answers of 292 North, which previously helped to survive in times for migration. Changed weather conditions, ting, the winter road season is shorter. Many in- participants of the study living in rural Yakutia harsh climatic conditions, have become inade- the altered water regime, and the impossibility to frastructure buildings operate under emergency were analysed. quate. Nowadays, it is necessary to form a new make accurate weather forecasts negatively im- conditions. Results: The study revealed that health is con- strategy of behavior aimed at preserving the he- pact the traditional economies and threaten the 9) Last but not least, the industrialisation pro- sidered a vital value and a priority for the ma- alth of the population. lives of both humans and animals. The traditional cesses in the vulnerable ecosystems where the knowledge was based on the principle of “We are indigenous peoples live present a considerable part of our land and of our water”, but now people ecological concern. Climate change has increa- tend to speak more of “The nature doesn’t trust sed the availability of mineral resources. This us anymore.” leads to an increase in land seizures from traditi- 2) The weather has ceased to be stable in terms onal land use. Our elders say, ”We can adapt to of the number of natural disasters, temperature all changes, but we can’t adapt without our land”. changes, storms, floods, increased precipitation.

28 29 Session 4 Session 4

O18 Rural everyday life in Yakutia in a changing environment O19 Food products in combination with unique northern raw materials

LILIIA I. VINOKUROVA KONSTANTIN M. STEPANOV Dr. hist. sc., Arctic Research Department, Institute for Humanities Research and Indigenous Studies of Prof. Dr. vet. sc., Yakut Science Centre of Complex Medical Problems / Yakut State Agricultural Academy the North, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk Corresponding author: [email protected] Corresponding author: [email protected]

The indigenous peoples of the Republic of Sakha tor in the development of human's spiritual life; it In the Far North, there are unique animal and ve- The meat of domestic reindeer contains the gre- (Yakutia) still live in rural areas, which helped to is a fertile ground for attachment to native places. getable raw materials for production of specia- atest number of essential amino acids in compa- preserve traditional activities and ethnic cultures. The self-perception of a person is formed under lized ingredients. It should also be emphasized rison with beef, pork and lamb. In rural space, the main occupations of indige- the influence of the natural and cultural environ- that the products of processing of wild berries As a result of many years of research on the ac- nous peoples are horse and cattle breeding, rein- ment in which he or she was born and grew up. and wild-growing edible plants should occupy tual nutrition of the population living in the North, deer herding, as well as hunting and fishing. The- Here, we will present the analyses of field mate- a proper place in the composition of foodstuffs, medical, biological, and technological require- se traditional activities are linked to and affected rials collected in rural areas of Yakutia during the ensuring their delivery to the widest masses of ments for the composition, nutritional value and by the natural environment and climate directly. last ten years. The data obtained comprise inter- the population, increasing the biological value food safety based on local raw materials have Therefore, all social consequences of environ- views with and life stories of residents of villages of food without increasing its caloric content, been formulated. Moreover, regulatory and tech- mental changes become manifest in the space in the arctic and central districts of the Republic. which is especially important for preventing the nical guidelines for the production and proces- of everyday life. The indigenous population of Our observations highlight some interesting as- violation of fat metabolism and cardio-vascular sing of food have been developed, and standards the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is represented pects of the perception of climate and weather diseases. have been obtained. The technologies developed by Sakha (Yakuts), Russian old-settlers, and changes by different groups of rural residents. Under extreme conditions of the Far North, rein- take into account the population structure and small indigenous peoples of the North. The latter For example, the historical comparative points of deer produce a high amount of biologically active specificity, as well as material and technical sup- group, the northern minorities of Yakutia, are the ecological and health phenomena in rural every- substances. Accordingly, the drugs and products port provided by the food processing enterprises Evenks, Evens, Yukagirs, Dolgans and Chukchi. day life are highly valuable. that are derived from these animals are most of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). This ensures We believe, that the natural environment is a fac- valuable. A unique combination of substances in product quality, and promotes its further improve- the meat of reindeer prevents the formation of ment, the expansion of assortment as well as the body fat in the human body. preservation of health of the Yakut population.

30 31 Session 4

O20 Bridging knowledge systems in nutrition and health research

STEFANIE LEMKE 1 Research Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom 2 Department of Societal Transition and Agriculture, Institute for Social Sciences in Agriculture, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Corresponding author: [email protected]

Food systems, and the social relations that sha- perceive concepts such as ‘health’, ‘health care’, pe them, provide an entry point for exploring ‘nutrition’ and ‘environmental change’, and how structural issues such as access to land and these are interrelated. It is further important to other resources needed to grow, collect, or hunt understand the current practices of producing, food; the traditions and cultural practices of gro- processing, storing, preparing and consuming wing, preparing, and eating food; and the rela- food. Relevant questions in research on public tionships and power dynamics between various health promotion are for example: how have loss actors and institutions involved in the production, of land and other resources impacted livelihoods, processing, and consumption of food. Food plays lifestyles and diets; who is in charge of produ- an important role for wellbeing and health, in In- cing, processing and preparing food; what is the digenous, non-Indigenous, and urban contexts. role of local leaders; how is traditional and local There is renewed attention on the role of local knowledge transferred; who are role models for food and knowledge systems for achieving more the youth; what are underlying reasons for mi- sustainable production and consumption. strust toward public health care and how could Especially for Indigenous Peoples, their food they be overcome; what are factors that can en- systems, nutrition and health are threatened by hance capacity and resilience of individuals and environmental degradation and loss of biodiver- communities? sity, loss of cultural and spiritual heritage, com- Bridging Indigenous and Western research peting demands for land for production of food approaches, conducted in partnership of re- or fuel, and unsustainable and unhealthy con- searchers and local actors, can lead to co-de- sumption patterns and lifestyles. Public health signing public health policies and programmes. care systems have often suppressed Indigenous Examples of good practice from research on food worldviews and practice, resulting in barriers to systems, nutrition, public health and environmen- health care and education. tal impacts illustrate how this has led to initiatives In order to design appropriate public health poli- promoting sustainable and healthy nutrition and cies and programmes, in line with the One Health lifestyles. concept, it is critical to understand how people

32 33 ABSTRACTS POSTER

34 35 Poster Session Poster Session

P1 The results of microbiological studies of representative of mammoth fauna P2 Microbiota and sanitation of underground glaciers in storage of foodstuffs preserved in frozen soils of Yakutia

MIKHAIL M. NEUSTROEV NEUSTROEV, МIKHAIL P.1,2*, TARABUKINA, N.P.1, MAKSIMOVA, А.N.2, STEPANOVA, А.М.1 Dr. biol. sc., Republican Information and Analytical Center for Environmental Monitoring / Ministry of Eco- 1 Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture named after M.G. Safronov, Yakutsk logy of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Yakutsk 2 Prof. Dr. vet. sc., Yakut State Agricultural Academy, Yakutsk Corresponding author: [email protected] Corresponding author: [email protected]

Due to the permafrost, Yakutia is one of the ama- genic microorganisms: Salmonella, Escherichia, The whole territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yaku- round glaciers used for food storage is mainly cha- zing places on the planet where scientists can Shigella, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pro- tia) is occupied by permafrost, which directly relates racterized by soil spore-forming aerobic bacteria of find the remains of fossil animals that have sur- teus, Micobacterium and microscopic fungi such to the sharp continentally climate and low tempera- the genus Bacillus, by toxic and mold fungi of the vived thousands of years. as Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Alternaria. tures. In the Republic, for a long time and until now, genera Aspergillus and Mucor, as well as by patho- The study of the microbiota of representatives of Notably, antibiotic resistance of bacteria of the storage of food raw materials and food products in genic Yersinia, which can be dangerous and lead mammoth fauna is relevant for various aspects of genus Bacillus isolated from paleomicroflora has glaciers is widespread. The use of natural cold for to food-borne diseases when foodstuff becomes modern microbiology and biotechnology such as been observed. the processing and storage of food products is pos- contaminated. psychrophilia, cryoanabiosis, features of ecology Moreover, Bacillus strains isolated from mam- sible because of the permafrost and an extremely Sanitation fluid was applied in the form of atomized and evolution of microorganisms. moths release strong bacteriocins, stopping the long winter season, which lasts in some regions up spray through the containment cylinder at the tem- Results: The microbiological studies on soft tis- growth and development of other microorganis- to eight-nine months. perature of the glacier, i.e. -21,0 ± 0,8 OC. sues of the Mokhsunuokhsky, Yukagirsky, Ma- ms. The strongest bacteriocins were produced by However, inadequate design and improper operati- As peracetic acid was shown to be an effective lolyakhovsky mammoths, the Oimyakonsky and strains of B. subtilis isolated from the soft tissues on of underground refrigerators lead to premature sporicide when tested against spores of Bacillus Khromsky young mammoths, the Kolyma wool- of the Kolyma woolly rhinoceros and the Oimya- deterioration of stored food and a decrease in qua- subtilis (Leaper, 1984), 1% solutions of peracetic ly rhinoceros, the young mammoth Yukka, and konsky young mammoth. lity. acid of NCA, at a consumption of 300-400 ml/m2, the Yukagir horses and bisons, as well as of the The study allowed for the first time to certify Securing hygienic standards and carrying out the have been applied. After an exposure of 18 hours, Omoloysky young elk allowed the isolation of 64 and deposit strains of bacteria B. subtilis "Koly- necessary works for sanitation are difficult due to ice surfaces contaminated with pathogens of inte- strains of microorganisms, including 42 strains of ma-7/2k" and B. subtilis "Oimyakon-6/1" isolated the lack of effective means and scientifically-based stinal, coccal, and spore infections could be relia- bacteria assigned to the genus Bacillus. Accor- from the Kolyma woolly rhinoceros and Oimya- regimes. bly disinfected. ding to biochemical and physiological properties, kon young mammoth in the Collection of Useful The aim of this work is the study of microbiota and Electrochemically activated anolite (with an active they are attributed to the nine species: B. mega- Microorganisms of the All-Russian Scientific Re- the development of effective methods and modes chlorine content of 0.1 mg/ml) with addition of 0.5% therium, B. subtilis, B. alvei, B. brevis, B. popil- search Institute of Agricultural Microbiology in St. of reorganization of the glaciers in the permafrost NCA solution, and a flow rate of 300 ml/m2 and an lae, B. steurothermophilus, B. circulans, B. pu- Petersburg (2010) for further modern biotechno- for food storage. The total microbial contaminati- exposure time of 5 hours, completely disinfected milus, and B. laterosporus. All strains have been logical research. on of the glacier surface ranges from 2,8х102 to the ice surfaces contaminated with Sal. abortus proven non-pathogenic for laboratory animals. Methods for restoring northern ecosystems have 60,0х103 colony forming units in 1 cm2, and in air equi BN-12, Str. equi H-34, and Bac. subtilis TNP- We have investigated antagonistic activity and been developed using the strains of Bacillus samples from 1,4х102 to 23,6х103 colony forming 3. antibiotic stability of Bacillus strains isolated subtilis "Kolyma-7/2k" and B. subtilis “Oimya- units / сm3. The microbial community of underg- from paleomicroflora of mammoths. All strains kon-6-1”, isolated from paleomicroflora. Two pa- show varying degrees of antagonistic properties tents of the Russian Federation for inventions in relation to pathogenic and conditionally patho- have been granted.

36 37 Poster Session Poster Session

P3 Sanitation of the udder of cows after milking using Bacillus subtilis strains P4 Development and production of biological protection means of agricultural animals, plants and environmental protection

SARGYLANA V. DULOVA1*, NADEZHDA P. TARABUKINA2 NADEZHDA P. TARABUKINA*, MIKHAIL P. NEUSTROEV 1 Doctoral student, Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, Yakutsk Prof. vet. sc., Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, Yakutsk / LLC Scientific and Production 2 Scientific supervisor, Prof. Dr. vet. sc., Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, Yakutsk Center "Khotu-Bact" Corresponding author: [email protected] Corresponding author: [email protected]

Bacteria of the genus Bacillus subtilis, isolated ples of the udder of the test group decreased by At present in the EU, the use of antibiotics is ban- xylanase and fructosyltransferase; from the permafrost soils of Yakutia, have an an- 42.6 times as compared to the untreated control ned in breeding and agricultural producing in order – non-suppressive to growth and development of tibacterial property with respect to pathogenic group. to ensure safety of food products and the environ- beneficial microflora such as Lactobacillus and Bi- and potentially pathogenic microorganisms, as Thus, in the course of the experiment, it was ment. Against this background, research for the fidus bacteria; well as the ability to stimulate the immunobiologi- established that the use of probiotic sanitary and development and innovation of safe and effective – resistance to a wide range of antibiotics, so it is cal reactivity of the animal organism. hygienic product "Probiodez 3+5" after milking probiotics as an alternative to antibiotics has been possible to use it in combination with antibiotics. Particular attention should be paid to the treat- helps to reduce the number of mesophilic aerobic accelerated not only in Russia but worldwide. The preparation is recommended after serious ment of the udder after milking. It is recommen- and facultative anaerobic microorganisms, the In the recent decade, at the Yakut Research Insti- illness with antibiotic treatment, as it rapidly elimi- ded to treat the udder with a special device that number of spore forming bacteria, as well as the tute of Agriculture a range of innovative probiotics nates dysbiosis of the intestine. provides a protective film and prevents penetra- number of Staphylococcus and Escherichia. No- on the basis of biologically active and unique local The preparations are effective as a component tion of microorganisms into the teat canal, as the tably, the treatment did not show any side effects natural strains of bacteria has been developed. of inactivated vaccines, mineral and vitamin feed teat canal remains open, and a "soft vacuum" is and no allergic skin reactions of the cow udder Biological properties of preparations based on additives, premixes and animal feed, bacterial fer- created which draws air and dirt into the teat can- were observed. a strain of bacteria Bacillus subtilis "TNP-3" and tilizers for increasing soil fertility and crop in the al. The scientific novelty of this approach has been Bacillus subtilis "TNP-5", and isolated from the prevention and treatment of respiratory, digestive, Treating the skin of the udder with "Probiodez filed for by patent application No. 2018106423 permafrost soils of Yakutia can be summarized as reproductive, pyo-necrotic wounds, mycotoxicosis, 3+5" (a hygienic product based on strains of B. from 2/20/2018, and granted by obtaining a pa- follows: microbiocenosis adjusting, immunobiological re- subtilis) two times a day after milking, signifi- tent for inventions of the Russian Federation. – marked antagonistic action against many patho- activity of the animal organism and promising for cantly reduces the microbial contamination on The practical significance of this research is that gens and opportunistic pathogens (Streptococcus, fodder (haylage, silage). They are widely used in the nipples of the cow udder. At the end of a 30- probiotic drugs can be used for sanitation of ob- Staphylococcus, E. coli, Salmonella, Brucella, livestock farms of the Republic, successfully tested day trial, the number of mesophilic aerobic and jects of veterinary supervision. Campylobacter, Mycobacterium, Leptospira, and on the farms of the Novosibirsk and Amur regions, facultative anaerobic microorganisms on the nip- viruses) as well as some of toxigenic fungi (Peni- the Republic of Buryatia and Mongolia. cillum, Aspergillus, Stachybotrus) and soil micro- The preparations are superior to many foreign and organisms, pathogens of fungal diseases (Rhizoc- Russian probiotics in performance and the broad tonia-solani, Streptomyces, Fusarium oxysporum); spectrum of possible applications. – stimulation of beneficial intestinal microflora development; The scientific novelty of the development is pro- – increasing the immunobiological reactivity of the tected by 24 patents of Russian Federation. The organism treated; production is certified and organized with the la- – complex enzymatic activity: proteolytic, gelatina- boratory for the development of microbial prepara- se, amylase, cellulase, B-gluconase and marked tions of the Yakut Research Institute of Agriculture.

38 39 Poster Session Poster Session

P5 The effect of climate change on the threat of zoonotic diseases in the P6 Cestodiasis infection of the fish of the middle course of the Lena River Arctic region (on the example of Yakutia) under the conditions of increasing anthropogenic impact

KONSTANTIN R. NIFONTOV*, M. POTAPOV, N. STRUCHKOV, A. PROKOPIEVA PLATONOV, T.A., KUZMINA, N.V., NYUKKANOV, A.N.* 1 Yakut State Agricultural Academy, Yakutsk, Russian Federation Yakut State Agricultural Academy, Corresponding author: [email protected] Corresponding author: [email protected] The study of fish populations under the conditions years old is 16.6, 25.0, 44.4 and 36.3%, respec- of anthropogenic load is one of the tasks, the re- tively, the infection intensity is from 1-3 specimens, Reindeer breeding, horse breeding and livestock The occurance of new infectious diseases cau- sults of which are necessary for understanding the the abundance index reaches 2.0 specimens. production has always been an integral part of sed by changes in climate and socioeconomic mechanisms of the stability of biological systems. Along the Viliuy River, 49 specimens of the burbot the national economy of Russia, providing for circumstances is likely and has been confirmed When contaminated from industry, the greatest im- were examined by the method of complete helmin- specific types of raw materials and food. The by history, e.g. with the spread of brucellosis of pact is experienced by water bodies, which due to thological dissection. According to the research, production is adjusted to the extreme climatic reindeer and pseudotuberculosis, diseases pre- their characteristics are concentrators of toxicants. Diphyllobothrium latum plerocercoids has not been conditions and also to the social, economic and viously unknown to Yakutia. Therefore, here in the north-east of Russia as well found in fish. Out of 49 specimens of the burbot in cultural features of the country. The goals and objectives of the study presen- as all over the world, the issue of qualitative deple- 36.7% of them the larval stage of Triaenophorus In order to increase meat production, it is ted include monitoring of new forms of diseases tion of aquatic ecosystems becomes important. In nodulosus has been found with the infection inten- necessary to use effectively the available poten- of northern animals in connection with global this respect, the left tributary of the Lena River, the sity 1-3 specimens. tial of local breeds of horses, cattle and reindeers warming and the development of methods for op- Viliuy River, where intensive mineral development Thus, in the present period, with a high anthropo- which are well acclimatized to climatic conditions timizing therapeutic measures and disease pre- is being conducted, is a convenient model for inve- genic load on water bodies, a gradual decrease in of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Moreover, vention, and for obtaining biologically safe pro- stigating the impact of man-made load on the eco- the degree of infestation of fish with the plerocer- efficient diagnostic and monitoring systems for ducts of animal origin. system under current conditions. The advantage of coids of Diphyllobothrium latum is being observed. zoonoses are essential to prevent disease out- Work has been carried out at scientific, practical, parasitic objects over other biological test objects This leads to a gradual destruction of the foci of breaks in farm animals, and to ensure biological- methodological and experimental levels using an is that "parasites accumulate all the changes oc- diphyllobothriasis and their attenuation which has ly safe and qualitative livestock products. integrated system approach that includes vete- curring in the reservoir and more fully than other an important epizootological value. Taking into ac- For a long time, there have been natural foci of rinary medicine, zootechnology and economics. hydrobionts" and, therefore, can serve as a more count the constant discharge of waste waters by a number of infectious and parasitic diseases of The novelty and effectiveness of research is revealing object for assessing the state of the river various industrial and household enterprises into humans and animals on the territory of Yakutia, associated with the development of innovative basin. reservoirs and their slow transition to non-wa- such as anthrax, rabies, brucellosis, leptospiro- approaches that link scientific methodology to For the investigation, the regions with different an- ste technologies, in the coming years the flow of sis, tularemia, necrobacteriosis, echinococcosis, commercialization. thropogenic load were selected: the middle course pollutants into the environment is likely to continue. alveococcosis, trichinosis, etc. of the Lena River and its left tributary, the Viliuy. There is a shift of complex specialized systems For the period of 2011-15, there is a slight increa- with a great variety of species to much simpler mo- se in the prevalence of the pike with Diphyllobo- notypes. Stable changes in the environment which thrium latum plerocercoids. The prevalence of the cause a constant excess of the maximum impact pike aged 4, 5, 6 years old is equal to 28.5, 33.3, on the reservoir lead to occurrence of new biotopes and 36.3%, the infection intensity is from 1-5 spe- and a stable change in the existing biocenoses, cimens, the abundance index is 0.64, 0.55 and 1.09 structural and species rearrangement of aquatic specimens respectively. The infection of the pike communities. The processes of self-purification aged 7, 9, 10 years old is 62.5, 60.0, 100%, with the go to a fundamentally different level. Therefore, infection intensity 1-8 specimens, the abundance the parasitological situation in the reservoir is an index is 2.0, 3.4 and 4.25 specimens respectively. indicator of its sanitary state, since a specific pa- The total infection of the pike with plerocercoids of rasitological situation corresponds to a reservoir of diphyllobothriasis is 45.0%, the abundance index is a certain degree of contamination. Parasites are 1.4 specimen. able to withstand only a certain level of pollution, The total infection of the burbot in the Viliuy River the excess of which leads to their disappearance with Triaenophorus nodulosus plerocercoids is in the fauna that primarily depends on the stability 36.8%. The prevalence of the burbot aged 4-5-6-7 of their hosts. 40 41 Poster Session Poster Session

P7 The helminths and helminthiasis of reindeer in Yakutia P8 Strongilyatoses of herd breeding horses

LUDMILA M. KOKOLOVA*, INNOKENTIY I. GRIGOR'EV LUDMILA M. KOKOLOVA*, LUBOV YU. GAVRIL'EVA Laboratory of Helminthology, Yakut Research Institute of Agriculture, Yakutsk Laboratory of Helminthology, Yakut Research Institute of Agriculture, Yakutsk Corresponding author: [email protected] Corresponding author: [email protected]

Horse breeding is a traditional and important Delafondia vulgaris and numerous species of Tri- Reindeer husbandry is the main ecology and tra- trongylus columbriformis, Trichostrongylus axei branch of animal husbandry in Yakutia. One of the chonematidae. In a coprological examination of ditional way of life and the main production acti- parasitizing in abomasum and intestines in 27,4 ± obstacles to increase the productivity of herd horse 455 horses, we identified Strongylus equinus in vity of the inhabitants of the mountain-taiga zone 1,2%, with (II) 63 ± 3,2 copies. breeding are diseases caused by helminths, which 44.4%, Alfortia edentates in 44.4%, Delafondia in of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Further deve- As for trematodes, the following picture emer- are widespread on the territory of Yakutia. Hel- 75% and Trichonematidae in 100% of this cohort. lopment of reindeer husbandry, increase in pro- ged: Paramphistomatosis: the species Param- minth infections cause damage by decreasing the The results of coprological studies of horses for the ductivity and profitability of reindeer husbandry phistomum cervi in 26.7 ± 1.37% to 1536 ± 86.1 productivity of animals and increasing the mortality detection of eggs and larvae of Strongylus equinus, are not possible without reliable organization and specimens, Cotylophoronosis: the species Co- numbers in young animals. It is known that the use Alfortia edentates, Delafondia vulgaris and Tricho- effective protection of domestic reindeer from pa- tylophoron skrjabini in 27,7 ± 6,4% up to 308 spe- of anti-helminth drugs have side effects in animals. nematidae showed that the extent of invasion of rasitic diseases, e.g. helminthiases, which cause cimens. Along with their helminthicidal activity they cause the major Strongilyatoses of horses was 95% in the significant economic damage in farms engaged Cestode infections revealed the following num- functional changes in the body of animals, which Namsky district, 93.1% in the Megino-Kangalass- in breeding of domestic reindeer. bers: Moniesiosis: the species Moniezia rangife- has been shown in various studies in the field of ky district, 100% in the Suntarsky and Nyurbinskiy Research results revealed that in all reindeer rina in 41.5 ± 1.58% with (II) 2-8 ± 1.1 specimens; veterinary medicine. districts. husbandry areas of the mountain-taiga zone of Avitellinosis: species Avitellina arctica Kolma- Today, there is a global interest in the use of natural The combined use of anti-helmintics, an Equisect Yakutia parasitic diseases are common in dome- kov 13.3 ± 0.3% with (II) 3-11 ± 2.1 specimens. means of protecting the health of animals and hum- pasta and the probiotic "Sakhabactisubtil" allowed stic reindeer. Using a cohort of 1.143 deer, 43 Larval stages of the family. Taeniidae cysticer- ans. In this regard, the development of scientifically for a relatively rapid recovery of the qualitative and parasitic species were detected upon helmintho- cosis: Cysticercus parenchimatosa parasitizing based, environmentally safe and effective methods quantitative composition of the intestinal microflo- logical intestinal opening, including 3 species of in the liver in 56.7% with EI averaging 67.9 ± 2.4 of correction from helminth-bacterial etiology and ra. It was shown by increased numbers of lacto- trematodes, 6 species of cestodes (4 of which ex.; type Cysticercus tarandi parasitizing in the post-dehelminthization dysbacteriosis is an urgent and bifidobacteria and a decrease of pathogenic parasitizing in the larval stage), 27 species of muscle tissue an average of 12.6 ± 1.6% of deer task for the veterinary medicine in the Far North. and opportunistic microorganisms. nematodes, 2 species of the simplest unicellular at an intensity of infestation (II) from 23 to more The results of our research show that 42 different Thus, the complex therapeutic options developed blood-parasites and 1 species of larvae of ling- than 1000 specimens, heart muscle in 31.9 ± species of Strongyloides parasitize in herd bree- for Strongilyatoses are effective, promising, ecolo- vats, as well as 4 other parasites: 2 species of 1.5%, with (II) from 9 to 56 ex. .; type Cysticercus ding horses in the Central and Western zones of gically safe and may also be applied preventively gadfly larvae, 1 species of imago oribatid mite, taenuicollis in 8,7 ± 0,8%, with (II) - 2,0 ± 0,1 eks; Yakutia. The most common Strongyloides are the to avoid Strongylatoses of herd breeding horses in and 1 species of ixodine mite. Laryngeal Echinococcosis: species Echino- species Strongylus equinus, Alfortia edentates, Yakutia. In this study, the most epizootologically signifi- coccus granulosus larva laryngeal echinococco- cant infections and causative nematodes are: sis in 5.1 ± 0.13% with (II) of 2-3 echinococcal Ostertagiosis: Ostertagia species are found in cysts in the liver or in the lungs. According to the 54.9 ± 2.8% of deer, an average of 61.5 ± 4.12 degree of occurrence, associations of 10 types of specimens; Nematodirosis: Nematodirus skrja- infestations were identified: kotolidony + moniezii bini parasitizing in the small intestine was found + ostertagia + haemonchus + oesophagostoma in 52.8 ± 3.1%, with (II) 44.4 ± 1.5 ex .; Dicti- + nematodir + trichostrongylus + strongyloid + okuiales: a species Dictyocaulus viviparus pa- cysticerci + linguatula larvae were observed in rasitizing in bronchi 34.7 ± 1.72% of deer, 13.2 14.1 ± 0.8% of the reindeer. ± 2.1 specimens; Trichostrongylosis: Trichos-

42 43 Poster Session Poster Session

P9 Influence of keeping conditions and climate on the development of lice - P10 Predatory fungi as natural enemies of nematodes trichodectes pilosus in herd horses of the western zone of Yakutia

LUDMILA M. KOKOLOVA*, LUBOV YU. GAVRIL'EVA LUDMILA M. KOKOLOVA*, SVETLANA M. STEPANOVA Laboratory of Helminthology, Yakut Research Institute of Agriculture, Yakutsk Laboratory of Helminthology, Yakut Research Institute of Agriculture, Yakutsk Corresponding author: [email protected] Corresponding author: [email protected]

Currently, in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), ge amounts of exfoliated epidermis and shell of Predatory fungi, Hyphomycetes, are found in all oligospora exhibits a very high attractant and breeding horses in the herd is widespread almost lice has accumulated, and bald patches and focal parts of the world and in different climatic zones; nematophagous effect, forming traps in the form everywhere and has both a productive and a wor- dermatitis was found on the neck, shoulders, gro- more than 100 species are known to date. of adhesive loops and plexuses trapping the king direction. One of the serious problems for in, and tail root. Moreover, careful hair examinati- It is established that predatory fungi exist in the Strongyloides larvae, digesting their contents. the further development of herd horse breeding on detected Trichodectes pilosus, small wingless soil in the form of chlamydospores. Studies have The nematophagous activity of strains of pure is the infection of horses with parasites. insects of yellow or light brown color, probably confirmed the widespread prevalence of carnivo- culture of Arthrobotrys oligospora of nemato- Early warming and the arrival of spring in April also causing some itching. rous fungi in nature. de larvae is estimated by the number of formed led to the appearance of ectoparasites previously The treatment of lice infested horses was con- For the first time, we isolated two strains preda- hamstring loops and the ability to capture mo- unidentified in horse herds in Western Yakutia. ducted as follows: Animals were subcutaneously tory fungi of the genus Arthrobotrys oligospora bile nematode larvae. Based on the results of The horse biting lice are ectoparasites of mam- injected in the forearm region with “Aversect-2” from the permafrost soils of the Republic of Sakha experimental studies, a high degree of preda- mals belonging to the Mallophaga order. Mal- (1 ml/ 50 kg of animal weight) once, and twice (Yakutia). To isolate predatory nematophagous tion of strains of Arthrobotrys oligospora was lophaga order includes up to 2,500 species, of sprayed with a 0.01% “Entomozan-C” aqueous fungi, the collection of the material was carried determined with respect to the Strongyloides which about 50 parasites can be found in mam- solution in an interval of 10 days. Before the di- out in various areas and analyzing samples from of horses and their larvae. The rapid growth of mals, and the others in birds. Lice cause itching, sinfection, all remains of food and water were re- different sources, i.e. soil of horse pasture, tree macroconidia and the formation of hawking loo- rash, hair loss and hyperkeratosis of the skin in moved. Animals were kept in the corral for 1.5 trunks, rotting plant residues, food residues, and ps in the presence of Strongyloides larvae were animals. Moreover, they can carry infectious and hours after treatment, and then released from the animal feces. observed in the experiments, the ability and rate invasive pathogens, causing for instance infec- corral. All works with “Entomozan-C” was carried Predatory hyphomycetes living in the permafrost of capture of living larvae, killing and digestion of tious anemia of horses and dipylidiosis of carni- out using personal prevention measures. soil of Yakutia can become natural regulators of their contents, the rate of increase in the biomass vores. The treatment of the 20 severely infested horses the number of Strongyloides larvae in horses of of the fungus, and the formation of more macro- The aim of the work presented was to study the with the preparations “Aversect-2” and “Ento- herd breeding. conidia, depending on the number of nematode distribution of lice in horse bands in Western mozan-C” was highly successful and yielded a The appearance of the colonies of the fungus larvae. Yakutia. Together with N.N. Plavilschikov, we 100% release from lice. Arthrobotrys oligospora has a neutral red co- conducted a clinical examination of 80 horses in Conclusion lor. According to the morphological structure, We have developed a technique for obtaining the horse band of the farm "Syrdyk Suol", Sun- For the first time and in 100% of the animals of the isolated fungi are multicellular, consisting a biologically active preparation against the tarskiy District. a farm horse biting lice - Trichodectes pilosus of thin-walled, monopodially branching threads Strongylatosis infestation of herd breeding Lice were found in each horse (100%) of the - were found under the extreme weather condi- located without a definite order, with a regular horses. For this, mycelial mass of strains of Ar- herd, irrespective of age. 10 adult horses and 10 tions of Western Yakutia. contour and simple septa. throbotrys oligospora are used either on oats or foals of the current year were found to be heavily It is necessary to strictly control the veterinary The isolated pure culture of fungi Arthrobotrys in a liquid form for experimental use. infested with lice, the rest (60 horses) showed a and sanitary condition of animals and their pla- moderate level of parasites. Clinical examination ces of maintenance, as well as the timely isolati- of the skin areas infested by lice revealed dis- on of animals infested by lice to avoid the spread heveled hair of unequal length. In the hair, lar- of these parasites.

44 45 Poster Session Poster Session

P11 Features of the epizootic situation of bovine tuberculosis in the Republic P12 Disease Strangles of horses in Yakutia of Sakha (Yakutia)

NATALYA A. OBOEVA EVDOKYA I. ELBYADOVA*, MIKHAIL P. NEUSTROEV Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, Yakutsk Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, Yakutsk Corresponding author: [email protected] Corresponding author: [email protected]

Tuberculosis of humans and animals in Russia re- a problem of allergic reactions to tuberculin. The One of the most common infectious diseases is not produced due to the expiry of the patent remains one of the hard-to-solve problems of human number of animals showing allergic reactions over among horses is the Strangles, which occurs in al- gistration in the Russian Federation. Thus for the and veterinary medicine. According to the Informa- the past ten years ranged from 0.02% to 0.09%, most all districts of the Republic. Basically, young moment, there is no Russian vaccine against the tion and analytical center of the Rosselkhoznadzor which introduces ambiguity into the epizootic si- animals get sick from 6 to 12 months of age. horse strangles commercially available. for 2017, the epizootic situation of bovine tuberculo- tuation. No less important is the epidemiology of The disease is characterized by the defeat of the At present, we strive to further develop vaccines sis in the country has worsened as compared to tuberculosis, since there were recorded cases of mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, against the horse strangles. A new strain of 2016 (the number of diseased animals for 2016 was mutual tuberculosis infections of cattle and their pharynx and the development of abscesses of re- Streptococcus equi was identified and isolated to 535, and for 2017: 1340). owners during the period of relatively good epizoo- gional lymph nodes. The causative agent of this di- develop a new effective vaccine against the horse Tuberculosis of cattle in the territory of Yakutia was tic situation. sease is Streptococcus equi. strangles. officially registered in 1922 and for more than 60 According to the results of bacteriological studies The fight against the horse strangles starts with the This strain, Streptococcus equi N-5/1, was identi- years the epizootic situation for this disease re- of biomaterial from tuberculosis-responsive cattle, identification of sick animals and their separation fied based on its morphological, tinctorial, cultural mained tense. The disease was recorded mainly non-tuberculosis mycobacteria were isolated. 11 from healthy individuals. For intervention and tre- and genetic properties and confirmed being the in the central and western economic zones. Since types of non-tuberculous mycobacteria persisting atment different therapeutic and preventive mea- causative agent for horse strangles. 1988, the Republic has recovered from this infecti- in cattle in tuberculosis-safe herds in Yakutia were sures are available. In the early 2000s, scientists Using complementary immunomodulators, a new on. However, in 1996-1998 and 2001, sporadic ou- identified. Studies on the identification of cultures of the Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agri- effective vaccine against equine strangles has tbreaks of the disease were recorded again. Back of non-tuberculous mycobacteria have shown that culture developed and implemented an inactivated been developed on the basis of Streptococcus equi then, laboratory examinations confirmed tuberculo- 77% of mycobacterial cultures belong to the type vaccine with immunomodulators against horse N-5/1 strain. The culture liquid of the bacterial strain sis cases in cattle and, in 2001 also human infec- IV group according to Runyon's classification, whi- strangles. The vaccine was made on the basis of Bacillus subtilis TNP-3, deposited in the All-Union tions were registered. le only cases of the isolation of photochromogenic, Streptococcus equi strain N-34, which was deposi- State Scientific and Control Institute of Veterinary Recovery of livestock could be achieved by com- scotochromogenic and nonphotochromogenic my- ted in the collection of the All-Russian State Control Preparations was used as the immunomodulator. plete replacement of the disadvantaged herds with cobacteria were noted. Institute of Veterinary Preparations. Comprehen- The new vaccine is completely harmless to animals healthy animals. At the same time, with the offici- As the most fast-growing mycobacteria were iden- sive production trials have shown a high efficien- and has a high immunogenic ability. al welfare of the Republic on tuberculosis, there is tified M. vaccae which is a feature of the region. cy (up to 95%) of this vaccine for the prevention To date, this vaccine is in the approval stage in the of horse strangles. However, currently the vaccine Rosselkhoznadzor registry.

46 47 Poster Session Poster Session

P13 Rhinopneumonia of horses in Yakutia P14 Epizootic condition of the brucellosis of northern reindeer in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

ANDRIAN A. POPOV*, MIKHAIL P. NEUSTROEV EVGENIY S. SLEPTSOV, NIKOLAY V. VINOKUROV* Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, Yakutsk Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, Yakutsk Corresponding author: [email protected] Corresponding author: [email protected]

Rhinopneumonia (viral abortion of mares, sexu- 2007, K.P. Yurov, 1997). This poster summarizes the material available for dynamics. al exanthema, rhinotracheitis of horses) is a viral According to the research of the Neustroev group, the dynamics of brucellosis in reindeer herding in The number of disease hotspots (disadvantaged illness characterized by inflammation of the mu- the causative agent of rhinopneumonia mainta- disease hotspots, i.e. areas of elevated disease oc- areas) shows a strong tendency to decrease: from cous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, ins viability and pathogenicity up to 110 days du- currence or risk in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). 19 districts in 1988 to eight in 2017. The contamina- and in mares - by abortions in the second half of ring spring and summer months (April-August), Data analysis demonstrates how the effectiveness tion of reindeer in the tundra zone of the Republic the trough. The causative agent is a DNA-con- i.e. when atmospheric temperature ranges from of brucellosis diagnostics of reindeer has changed has significantly decreased (by 1.4-3.9 percent) taining virus (F.M. Orlov, 1997). In young horses -16°C to +33°C and relative humidity is between over the past 28 years. While initial statistics dis- and to date ranges from 0.6-1.3 percent. Infection rhinopneumonia can cause rhinitis and pneumo- 33 and 43%. played a correlation coefficient of r = -0.02, after with deer brucellosis in the mountain taiga and fo- nia (K.P. Yurov, 1999). 2007 the picture changed dramatically, and the rest-tundra zones is 0.1-2.2 percent, incidence of At present, the European part of Russia has In Russia a viral vaccine against rhinopneumo- direct correlation coefficient already amounted to brucellosis in animals from the taiga zone have not studied the epizootology of rhinopneumonia in- nia is available (dry culture SV/69), but this vac- 0.9 (r = + 0.9). That is, the number of reacting ani- yet established. fluenza and developed measures for the preven- cine was not widely used in extreme conditions mals with a high degree of reliability depended on tion by vaccines. of Yakutia, as it needs a two-fold administration. the number of animals examined. For the first time, in 1993 the circulation of the Revaccination occurs in January-February, when The analysis of the epizootic state with regard to References rhinopneumonia virus in Yakutia was established the pregnancy of mares reaches 8-9 months, brucellosis of domestic reindeer for the different 1. Immunoprophylaxis of brucellosis of reindeers by Neustroev M.P. (V.F. Butkovsky, 2003). which contradicts the instructions for the use of habitats (tundra, forest-tundra, mountain taiga using anti-brucellosis vaccines in the Republic of Rapid spread of the disease is facilitated by a the vaccine. Also, the vaccination of herds du- and taiga territorial-climatic zones in Yakutia) was Sakha (Yakutia). / E. S. Sleptsov, N. V. Vinokurov, large accumulation of horses in farms and settle- ring winter causes certain difficulties due to high carried out from 1988 to 2016. The percentage of M. I. Iskandarov, V. I. Fedorov, I. D. Zamyanov. No- ments, the transfer of horses between regions for snow cover and the danger of abortion of trauma- positively reacting to brucellosis of reindeer in the vosibirsk, 2016. reasons of breeding, horse competitions and/ or tic nature. tundra zone is, on average, 2-3 times higher than 2. Sleptsov E. S., Vinokurov N. V., Evgrafov G. G. commerce, as well as stress of pregnant mares The development of new effective vaccines that of the mountain taiga and forest-tundra zone. Reactogenic, antigenic and immunogenic proper- and foals, and keeping adult horses in one place. against infectious diseases will contribute to the Percentage of infected animals in unfavourable ties of the culture from pcs. B.suis 61 in experi- The disease also occurs in small farms and herds increase of livestock and horse breeding pro- areas in 1988-1990 was very high and was 2.0- ments on guinea pigs // Agricultural Bulletin of the with grazing housing (M.P. Neustroev, 1994, ducts of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). 5.2%. As a result of ongoing anti-brucellosis mea- Urals. 2015, 7 (137), pp. 32-35. sures, the number of infected animals in 2008-2010 3. Experimental brucellosis of cattle in the Republic decreased significantly and is 0.6-1.3%. However, of Sakha (Yakutia): monograph / E. S. Sleptsov, M. the number of unfavourable areas remains unchan- P. Albertyan, N. V. Vinokurov, I. D. Zamyanov, A. A. ged, correlating with some stabilization of livestock Hoch. Novosibirsk, 2016.

48 49 Poster Session Poster Session

P15 Veterinary and sanitary examination of semipermeable fish (chir and P16 Heavy metals in commercial fish of the Artic rivers of Yakutia omul) in the basins of the rivers Yana and Kolyma with Diphyllobothriasis

M.N. SIDOROV, D.N. NEUSTROEV N. POPOVA, A. ABRAMOV Yakut State Agricultural Academy, Yakutsk Yakut State Agricultural Academy, Yakutsk Corresponding author: [email protected] Corresponding author: [email protected]

The first and the most important rule of feeding must make sure that foodstuff for the population In recent decades, environmental pollution has as Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn compounds. Especially near the population of the Far North is the ecological is safe and rich in health promoting ingredients. spread and now is recorded everywhere. Water major population centers and mining enterprises, safety of products, which must be confirmed by bodies are contaminated with various chemical rivers are polluted, including contamination with adequate veterinary-sanitary expertise. Evaluati- The goal of our work is to ensure a scientific rati- substances, among which heavy metals are most heavy metals. on of slaughter products of domestic, wild com- onale and the development of veterinary-sanitary challenging, because of their high toxicity for living The content of heavy metals in the muscular tissue mercial animals, feathered wildfowl, and fish is expertise for the evaluation of the biological and organisms and their ability to accumulate in cells. of various fish species examined was not high; their mandatory to exclude and eliminate raw material ecological safety of slaughter products of wild Our research goal was the evaluation of heavy concentration is diverse and varies in the range of contaminated with parasites and pathogens. animals, sea mammals, birds, and fish in the Ar- metal contamination in the waters and main com- standard sanitary requirements, i.e. the Maximum Of special relevance nowadays is the problem ctic zones of Yakutia. For this, the following scie- mercial fish species that were caught in the lower Permissible Concentration for alimentary raw ma- of getting good-quality and ecologically safe tific areas have to be addressed: reaches of Arctic rivers of Yakutia, i.e. Lena, Yana, terials and food products. By absolute numbers, products at all stages of food processing. In all ● organoleptic research Indigirka and Kolyma. These sampling areas were the content of Zinc, Copper and Iron is the highest, developed countries, in case of excess of feeding ● physico-chemical indicators chosen because lower reaches and river deltas indicating that these metals are prevailing in the products the most actual problem on that stage is ● microbiological research are fish nursery grounds and therefore possible environment and waters. On top of it, they are of problem of quality and safety of food. ● veterinary/ medical diagnostics of pathogens hotspots of contaminant accumulation in river bas- great biological and physiological importance in Modern conditions of market economy provide and diseases caused. ins. Dynamics of pollution in the waters of arctic the life cycle of water organisms, so they accumu- knowledge and improvement of veterinary-sa- Based on the results of our work, for the first rivers is characterized by seasonal variation. The late in their cells. The low accumulation of lead, nitary evaluation of fish products. Study of spe- time guidelines for the veterinary-sanitary as- highest concentration of pollutants is observed cadmium and mercury in fish can be explained by cies, amount, migration routes, and commodity sessment of semi-anadromous fish (chir, omul, during spring-summer seasonal flood. Main water the generally low content of these elements in pure characteristics of the commercial semi-anadro- and other species) will be available in Yakutia. pollutants are phenols, organic substances, as well form, in water and the Earth crust. mous fish (chir, omul, and other species) in Moreover, practical suggestions and recommen- Yakutia are poorly understood. That’s why an dations for using some of the semi-anadromous integrated approach is needed. Parasitological, fish as an ecological safe feeding product will be organoleptic, and physico-chemical researches presented. are necessary for an objective assessment of Based on the assessment and characterization fish safety. of species, their amount, migration routes and To date, as competition between imported and commodity characteristics, we will also develop domestic production is obvious, it is necessary scientific recommendations for industrial fishing to ensure quality and safety of local products, in the East Siberian Sea and in the Laptev Sea. to meet scientific and technical standards, and The results shall provide a scientific base and ra- to raise production efficiency to an internationa- tionale for the ecological safety of food raw ma- lly competitive level. Food industry and traders terials and of feeding products in these regions.

50 51 Poster Session Poster Session

P17 Application of probiotics in poultry farming P18 The use of probiotics based on strains of Bacillus subtilis bacteria in the industrial pig production

ANNA M. STEPANOVA MARFA P. SKRYABINA Dr. vet. sc., Microbial Development Laboratory, Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, Yakutsk Dr. vet. sc., Microbial Development Laboratory, Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, Yakutsk Corresponding author: [email protected] Corresponding author: [email protected]

Currently, in Russia there is active development weight by 10.3 % (as compared to plan). The Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agri- and contribute to an increase in weight. and introduction of effective probiotic prepara- 3. Effects on laying hens: "Nord-Bact" signifi- culture in recent decades has developed a num- The use of probiotic preparations for pigs, star- tions for agricultural animals in order to obtain cantly increases the content of vital minerals and ber of innovative probiotic preparations based on ting from the period of newborn to slaughter, po- nutritious and safe animal products. vitamins in the yolk, protein, and shell. It reduces biologically active, natural strains of Bacillus sub- sitively influences their microbial composition. The Poultry is one of the priority livestock industries. the battle eggs by 1.4 % and the contamination of tilis bacteria isolated from the permafrost soils of safety of pigs rises by 34-53%, the incidence of Along with the support of traditional livestock in- eggs by 4.7 %; productivity as such is increased Yakutia, such as “Sakhabactisubtil”, “Nord-Bact”, diseases decreases, the average daily weight gain dustries in Yakutia, industrial poultry farming is by 4%. The use of probiotic "Nord-Bact" together “Hongurinobact” and culture liquid from strains increases, and the quality of meat improves: being developed in the Far North, to meet the with antibiotics not only prevents dysbacteriosis, of Bacillus subtilis bacteria “TNP-3” and “TNP-5”. Protein content increases by 3.9%, carbohydrates demand of dietary food such as eggs and meat. but also retains the concentration of vitamins, The preparations are used for the prevention and by 12%, fat by 8.4%, the concentration of vitamins On the basis of strains of B. subtilis TNP-3 and B. macro- and microelements in the egg, which is treatment of gastrointestinal diseases of agricul- (A, B12, B3, D, B1, B2, E, B, E) and trace elements subtilis TNP-5 isolated from permafrost soils, our reduced by antibiotic therapy alone. tural animals; the strains antagonize the bacteria, of iron by 14%, fluorine by 11.6%, potassium by Institute has developed a probiotic drug "Nord- "Nord-Bact" was shown to provide microbiologi- viruses and fungi. They produce a complex of en- 4.6%, and the cholesterol content is reduced by Bact". The aim of this study was to establish a cal safety of egg products and organic waste. Ap- zymes (protease, gelatinase, amylase, cellula- 14.3%. method and protocol for the use of probiotic plication of the probiotic "Nord-Bact" on organic se, β-gluconase, xylonase, fructosyltransferase), Taken together, our studies strongly indicate that "Nord-Bact" in industrial poultry farming, starting waste of poultry was used to obtain microbiologi- which enhances the antagonistic properties of the use of probiotic preparations “Hongurinobact”, at the incubation stage of eggs and including the cally safe feed additives. preparations and contribute to a more pronounced “Sakhabactisubtil” and the culture liquid of the whole life cycle up to the egg-producing hens How to use: Probiotic "Nord-Bakt" containing B. probiotic effect. In addition, the preparations are bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis “TNP-3”, positively and meat producing broilers. subtilis TNP-3 and B. subtilis TNP-5 at a concen- active inducers of endogenous interferon, increase influence body functions of livestock, resistance, Results: tration of 5x107 CFU/Gol, was applied once daily immunobiological reactivity and normalize the me- growth rate of pigs in various age groups, and the 1. Sanitation of hatching eggs: As compared to with water for 10 days each month. tabolism of the body, improve digestibility of feeds, quality of meat. chemical disinfectants, probiotic "Nord-Bact" The results of our studies have been patented by helps to reduce embryonic mortality 2.7 times; the Russian Federation: increase the output of chickens by 1 %; ensures - "The rehabilitation method of hatching eggs the establishment of balanced intestinal microbi- of chickens" by MP Neustroev, NP Tarabukina, ota from the first days of life of chickens. MA Neustroev, MP Fedorova, SI Parnikova, No. Method of use: Eggs are sprayed once with 2009105956121 (007985) 02.07.2010 g "Nord-Bact" (1х109 B. subtilis CFU/ml at the rate - "Method of improving the quality of egg pro- of 0.1 to 1 egg) before placing them in the incu- ducts chickens" by MP Neustroev, AM Stepano- bation cabinet. va, NP Tarabukina, MP Fedorova, SI Parnikova, 2. The use of the probiotic "Nord-Bact" on young DD Neustroev/ No. 2477055 from 10.03.2013 g. birds: the probiotic preparation corrects intesti- - "Method of preparation of feed additives from nal dysbiosis; takes an active part in metabolism, poultry manure with the use of bacterial strains affects the vitamin and mineral complex of the Bacillus subtilis TNP-3-DEP" and "Bacillus sub- body, improves the quality of meat in biochemi- tilis TNP-5-DEP" by Neustroev, MP., Tarabukina, cal composition. Moreover, it preserves the num- NP, Neustroev, DD, Stepanova, AM, Parnikova, ber of young birds up to 99.65%, and increases SI.

52 53 Poster Session Poster Session

P19 Issues of preservation of the valuable gene pool of the Yakut breed P20a The Yakut cattle

VARVARA V. ROMANOVA*, RUSLAN G. POPOV YANA L. SHADRINA*, STEPAN I. ZAROVNYAEV Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, Yakutsk Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, Yakutsk Corresponding author: [email protected] Corresponding author: [email protected]

Because of the small number of modern popu- cattle from Korea. The genetic uniqueness and Yakut cattle are the only native Siberian breed pre- 3. The genetic order of the Y-chromosomes indi- lation of Yakut cattle, the urgent question about adaptability of the Yakut cattle to harsh condi- served in purity and selected by the extreme condi- cates proximity of Yakut cattle to some European the conservation of genetic resources and the tions makes it a valuable material for use in bree- tions of the Far North. As of January 1st, 2018, the and Middle Eastern cattle. gene pool of the breed arises. In recent years, ding work. number of the Yakut cattle was 1.666 animals, in- 4. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA showed that ha- a comprehensive genetic comparison of Russi- Breeding of adapted types of cattle is of high im- cluding 678 cows - a threatening status. The Yakut plogroups T3, T2 are characteristic for Middle Ea- an breeds of cattle (including native Yakut cattle) portance on a regional scale. Using STR marker cattle is of great value for keeping and breeding stern cattle breeds, while T4 was only found in East with breeds around the world has been carried polymorphisms, we analyze the characteristics because of its high adaptability to extreme condi- Asia. This indicates that the Yakut cattle divide out. of the unique allelofond of the breeding stock of tions, exceptional quality and good taste of meat prehistoric paternal pedigrees with domesticated According to SNP marker analyses and resul- Yakut cattle. Our genetic and genealogical stu- and milk, as well as its resistance to diseases. Middle Eastern and European cattle, and maternal ting genetic distances, Yakut cattle proved to be dies are the basis for new breeds. Yakut scientists Z.I. Ivanova, R.G. Popov, I.A. Am- ones with Middle Eastern cattle, as well as in ha- most distinct from all cattle breeds studied. Yakut Our goal is to obtain new, highly effective geno- mosov in collaboration with Juha Kantanen from plogroup T, possibly with cattle of East Asia. cattle also displayed a lower level of genetic di- types of livestock adapted to the harsh climatic the MTT Agrifood in Finland, obtained data on the 5. Analysis of autosomal DNA markers showed that versity as compared to Eurasian breeds of cattle. conditions of the Republic as well as to the cha- genetic polymorphism of microsatellite DNA of the Yakut cattle have differentiated from other breeds The latter observation could easily be explained racteristics and demands of industrial feed and Yakut cattle, with the following results: studied and display lower levels of genetic diver- by prolonged genetic and geographical isolation. milk production technology. 1. The Yakut cattle represent the last pure Siberian sity than a number of Eurasian breeds of cattle. On the other hand, Yakut cattle could also have Our top priority, however, is the preservation of a Turano-Mongolian breed. This observation can be explained by long-term the effect of a founder and bottle neck due to valuable gene pool of the Yakut breed. 2. Genetic distances of microsatellite DNA markers geographical and genetic isolation and/ or may be the small number of the original population. Ana- prove that Yakut cattle descended from Middle East attributable to a founder's effect caused by a small lyzing cluster distribution, Buryat cattle recent- breeds approximately 10,000 years ago. number of animals in the original population. ly exported from Mongolia for reintegration into References: Yurchenko, Andrey A.; Daetwyler, Russia, proved to be closest to Yakut cattle. It is Hans D.; Yudin, Nikolay; Schnabel, Robert D.; interesting that Buryat cattle have more common Vander Jagt, Christy J.; Soloshenko, Vladimir et P20b The problem of conservation of the gene pool of the Yakut cattle haplotypes with the Yakut cattle and the Wagyu al. (2018): Scans for signatures of selection in STEPAN I. ZAROVNYAEV*, YANA L. SHADRINA cattle from Japan than with other Turano-Mongo- Russian cattle breed genomes reveal new candi- Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, Yakutsk, Corresponding author: [email protected] lian breeds. This indicates a common pedigree date genes for environmental adaptation and ac- of these breeds. Also, Yakut cattle were found in climation. In: Scientific Reports 8 (1), S. 12984. The biological diversity of species is the key to A sharp reduction was noted between 1961-90, the the same cluster of phylogenetic tree as Hanwoo DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31304-w. continuing the prosperous and stable existence number dropped to 986 (cows 355). Yakut cattle is and development of mankind on Earth. This fully a monument of traditional culture of the northern applies to breeds of farm animals. Breeds of live- cattle-breeding Sakha. The cattle is famous for stock are lost with great speed. In Europe, half the its high fat content (4.5-6%) and high taste quali- breeds of livestock existed at the turn of the 19- ties of meat and milk. The gene pool of the Yakut 20th centuries, died out in the 80s of the 20th cen- cattle is used for breeding Yakutsk-Simmental and tury. At present and as a result of the displacement Yakut-Kholmogory types. The use of various DNA of highly specialized commercial breeds, the threat markers, methods of genomic and gene selection of extinction of the Yakut cattle is evident. Of the in the conservation and private genetics of dome- remaining 1,500 breeds of livestock 41% are on the sticated species provides an opportunity to obtain verge of extinction. Aboriginal Yakut cattle on the data on the genetic potential (value, originality) of territory of Yakutia were kept in purebred until 1929. the breed important for the scientific substantiation Back in 1928, Sakha counted 555,193 cattle heads. of the conservation of аboriginal Yakut cattle.

54 55 Poster Session Poster Session

P21 Species diversity of micromycetes in feed for cattle P22 Analysis of DNA polymorphism of Yansky type of Yakut breed horses with RAPD-PCR analysis

ANZHELA A. BYLGAEVA LYUBOV G. KOZLOVA Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, Yakutsk Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, Yakutsk Corresponding author: [email protected] Corresponding author: [email protected]

The study of the species diversity of micromy- flavus (31.4%), Penicillium citrinum (28.6%) and In preliminary experiments, a set of 25 decanu- the most polymorphic. cetes in cattle feed plays an important role in A. niger (22.8%) is relatively high and relatively cleotide primers was tested (designed by Operon According to the results of PCR analyses, data on maintaining animal health. From the quality of equal. These four species can be considered do- Technologies, USA) for RAPD-PCR, of which 17 the molecular masses of microsatellite areas of feed depends the microbiocenosis of cows and minant in the fungi complex of seeded feed. The primers were selected, giving the most informa- DNA isolated from the hair bulbs of the Yakut breed hence the productive longevity of animals. potential producers of mycotoxins are 67.92% tive picture of the distribution of bands (DNA frag- horses of the Yansky type were obtained. One am- An analysis of the study results of the biodiver- of them, which are producers of aflatoxins and ments). The studied micropopulations of horses of plicon of the spectrum was considered as one lo- sity of microscopic fungi showed the presence trichothecene toxins. Mycotoxicological analysis the Yansky type of the Yakut breed differed in fre- cus of DNA. The largest number of amplicons in all of 16 genera of micromycetes: Fusarium, Alter- of plant feed from the Central Yakutia was used quency of occurrence of the bands. For example, samples is located within the range of 1500-300 naria, Mucor, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Rhizopus, to isolate mylotoxins Aflatoxin B1, T-2 Toxin, fragments 550, 500, 600, 750, 550, 450 in length bp. The most polymorphic sequences are the pri- Stachybotrus, Trichoderma, Cladosporium, Acre- Zearalenone and Ochratoxin A (in background are found only in the horses of the Stolby area and mers ORA 08, ORA 9, ORA 10, ORA 11, ORA 17, monium, Geotrichum, Aureobasidium, Hormone- amounts). are completely absent from RAPD spectra in the ORA 18, ORV 15, ORV 18, ORV 20, ORS 02 and ma, Arthrographis, Malbranchea, Microascus. At The Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agri- horses of the areas of Adyachcha and Tabalakh. ORS 03. the same time, micromycetes of the genera As- culture offered effective and safe measures for The difference in frequencies is insignificant, but Unique alleles for three micropopulations of Yans- pergillus, Penicillium, Geotrichum and Trichoder- the prevention of mycotoxicosis by creating con- still allows judging the degree of polymorphism in ky type horses of Yakut breed have been revealed. ma were the most prominent from soil samples. ditions that reduce the possibility of developing a certain population. So, with the help of primers Thus, alleles of 1200-380 bp in length are found From the hay - Mucor, Penicillium, Aspergillus, toxic fungi and the formation of mycotoxins; im- ORA 10, ORA 11, ORS 02, all DNA fragments in all only in the micropopulation of horses from the re- from haylage - Rhizopus, Mucor and yeast-like; provement of the sanitary quality of feed using micropopulations of horses of the Yansky type of gion of Tabalakh, alleles of 1500-350 bp in length grain-forage - Fusarium, Rhizopus, Mucor, As- the probiotic preparation “Sakhabactisubtil” as a Yakut breed were detected. are found only in the micropopulation of horses pergillus; from combined feeds - Rhizopus, Mu- preservative (patent for the invention “Method of The results of assessing the informativeness of from the area of Adyachcha, alleles of 3000-300 cor, Aspergillus. biological fight against hay molding” No. 2292132, multilocus markers for studying the polymorphism bp in length are found only in the micropopulation 53 species of micromycetes belonging to 7 fa- February 27, 2007); decrease in the sensitivity of of distant the Yansky type micropopulations of the of horses from the Stolby area. milies (Moniliaceae, Mucoraceae, Tubercula- animals to the action of mycotoxins with the use Yakut breed of horses showed that 17 primers are riaceae, Pleosporaceae, Dematiaceae, Mona- of the probiotic preparation “Sakhabactisubtil” as scaceae, Saccharomycetaceae) and 10 genera an immunostimulating, probiotic, prebiotic, anta- (Fusarium, Mucor, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Asper- gonistic agent (patent for the invention “Method gillus, Alternaria, Stachybotrus, Absidia, Mona- for the prevention of mycotoxicosis of animals” scus, Candida) were isolated and identified in No. 2297842, February 15, 2007). feed of plant origin. The dominant position in the Currently, work is underway to expand the arsen- hay contamination belongs to Mucor racemosus al of funds for the prevention and treatment of (65.7%). At the same time, the frequency of de- mycotoxicosis in farm animals using natural sor- tection of allocated toxic species of Aspergillus bents.

56 57 Poster Session Poster Session

P23 Northern reindeer husbandry is the basis of the indigenous Arctic ethnic P24 Reindeer husbandry at the Municipal Unitary Enterprise Agribusiness groups life (MUE AB) "Kanchalansky" of the Chukotsky Autonomous Region

N.S. ROBBEK EGOR D. ALEKSEEV1, STANISLAV M. AN’E2, MOTRENA V. ALEKSEEVA1 Dr. agr. sc., Senior Scientist, Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, Yakutsk 1 Yakut State Agricultural Academy, Yakutsk Corresponding author: [email protected] 2 Chief zootechnician MUE AB «Kanchalansky», Anadyr district of the Chukotka Autonomous Region Corresponding author: [email protected]

Northern reindeer husbandry is a traditional and Breeding of this particular reindeers is traditio- The poster presents an example how reindeer Order of the Department of agricultural policy and economically viable industry of the Russian polar nal, environmentally sound and economically vi- breeding is organized and regulated in Chukotsky management of natural resources of Chukotka au- regions, and it is the only industry where in the able activity of indigenous Arctic ethnic groups of Autonomous Region. tonomous region of September 16, 2013 No. 254 sector of employment representatives of indige- Yakutia. Reindeer for them is a trusty transport, Based on the documents submitted by this farm, “On the establishment of a commission to review nous Arctic ethnic groups are dominant. Reindeer source of meat, velvet antlers, hides, blood and on the exhaustive list of documents required in ac- the list of documents for determining the types of livestock breeding gives peoples of the North other types of production. cordance with the order of the Ministry of Agricul- organizations for livestock breeding and epizoo- high-caloric, ecologically clean venison, fur and Reindeer husbandry as a type of livestock bree- ture of Russia of November 17, 2011 No. 430 “On tic welfare” considered that the subsidiary of the hides. Distinctive features of venison are variety ding in Yakutia is in difficult situation today. The approval of the Administrative Regulations of the MUE AB “Kanchalansky” meets the requirements of nutritious fat and proteins in most favorable main goal is to make the reindeer husbandry Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation for breeding reproducer. Requirements are appro- balanced state, which facilitates easy assimilati- viable. At the same time, one of the promising on the presentation of a state service for identifying ved by the Order of the Ministry of Agriculture of on by the human body. Reindeers can easily sur- areas for increasing the efficiency of agricultural the types of organizations that carry out activities Russia of November 17, 2011 No. 431 “On approval vive the harsh climate of Arctic regions; it is a key production is the creation of a regional cluster in the field of breeding livestock, a survey of the of Rules in the field of livestock breeding 'Types of feature of reindeers that allows the people of the that includes divisions of municipal authorities livestock of the Chukot breed reindeer, checking organizations that carry out activities in the field of North obtain cheap, low in cholesterol, highly-nu- that provide regulatory, legal, investment and of the pedigree records, organization of grazing, livestock breeding' and on the recognition of repea- tritious meat that is not polluted with chemical financial-budgetary mechanisms regulating the inspection of the infrastructure of the tundra rou- led orders of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia”. additives, antibiotics, stimulants and etc. use of reindeer pastures, technology for traditi- tes of herds”. The Commission, established by the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) is the one of the big- onal reindeer husbandry, the way of life of the gest reindeer husbandry regions in Russia. Rein- reindeer communities, management of matching deer husbandry in Yakutia always was traditio- breeds on natural and climatic zones, applicati- nally high cultured. Yakutia saved the herding on of advanced scientifically grounded methods system of reindeers, in which reindeer herders of livestock breeding, maintenance of technolo- live year-round in search of food continuously th- gies, pre-fattening before slaughter, waste-free roughout the year, along with a herd on the sea- technology of slaughtering reindeer in mechani- sonal pastures. zed slaughterhouses, with further primal cuts of There are 3 breeds of reindeer in Yakutia – Evenk, reindeer carcasses according to the scheme and Evenki and Chukot (harghin), Evenk breed being packing in vacuum packaging for further imple- 60% of total number of reindeers in Yakutia. mentation.

58 59 Poster Session Poster Session

P25 Clinical and morphological characteristics of limb (autopodium) arteries P26a Comparative dynamics of the domestic Arctic reindeer’s haematic pictu- of the thoracic extremity of reindeer in postnatal ontogenesis re by climatic and economic zones of breeding zones

M. POTAPOV1, K. KIRIKOV1, S. FEDOTOV2, K. NIFONTOV1*, N. STRUCHKOV1 TUYARA I. DMITRIEVA*, TATYANA D. RUMYANTSEVA, ALEKSANDRA I. PAVLOVA 1 Yakut State Agricultural Academy, Yakutsk 1 Yakut State Agricultural Academy, Yakutsk 2 Prof. Dr. vet. sc., Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology Corresponding author: [email protected] Corresponding author: [email protected]

Under the conditions of modern Russian eco- troduction of medical, diagnostic and preventive Climate and ecology of Arctic is characterized by Adaptive features of animals are expressed in the nomy, reindeer husbandry occurs to be promi- measures, specialists should know about age re- extremely expressed continentality and severity. general haematic picture by the seasons of the sing branch of agronomic culture. We get from gularities of the changes of organ systems and Due to low temperatures during summer months, year. In the present work, data on quantitative and the reindeer not only meat and byproducts, but tissues of reindeer. the vegetation of plants lasts only for 60 to 90 days, qualitative determination of the indices of blood also fur, hide and endocrine raw material, velvet Distal section of thoracic extremity, which rein- along with this, freezings stop only at the end of composition of domestic reindeer by age groups antlers. deer uses to stand on the ground, provokes cer- June and the fall starts in the second half of the Au- and their comparative dynamics for the seasons As a main branch of northern livestock breeding, tain practical interest of veterinarians. It often gust. The territory is divided into 1) tundra, 2) forest of the year are studied. The experiment group is reindeer husbandry has a great value to the life, gets traumatized, which, in summer period, leads tundra and 3) the Northern taiga. Due to climate Evenki breed of reindeer bred in the tundra and economy and culture of the Northern people. to necrotic stomatitis. conditions, there is no agricultural land for farming taiga zones. Research has established that mor- To the agricultural development under the condi- A more comprehensive and in-depth study of in the North, and the animal ration of food is poor. phological composition of blood of the reindeer tions of Far North, reindeer husbandry occurs to distal sections of extremity vessels of reindeer With that knowledge in mind, from the physiological bred in the tundra zone is different from reindeer be promising trend, comprehensive research of can help to clarify the regularities of morpholo- state of animals that live here, it is distinct that they bred in the taiga zone. All the indicators are within the structure and evolution of the reindeers can gic development of limb(autopodium) extremity have considerable adaptive potential. the norms of the physiological standard. make a difference in the development of reindeer vessels of various functional values adaptation husbandry. In practice, veterinary specialists of- to habitability conditions, including extreme con- ten encounter with the limb diseases of infectious ditions of Far North. P26b Comparative dynamics of the haematic picture when organism of an ani- and non infectious etiology. For the effective in- mal experimentally exposed to cold and heat

TUYARA I. DMITRIEVA1*, LENA I. ARZHAKOVA2, DARIMA K. GARMAEVA2 1 Yakut State Agricultural Academy, Yakutsk 2 North-Eastern Federal University in Yakutsk Corresponding author: [email protected]

In the report, there are results of experimental ne system, and properties and behavior of natural research, main goal of which was examination of adaptogens. Obtained results testify, that thermal the changes in cellular composition of the hae- influence on an organism affect the activity of cells, matic picture of rats, depending on the cold and which provide reaction of specific and non-specific heat exposure time, as well as results of analysis immune response, in particular, from the side of the of literature data about thermal influence on well- erythrocytes, thrombocytes and leukocytes. being of an animal and human, structure of immu-

60 61 Poster Session Poster Session

P27 Northern domestic reindeer herding of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) P28 Experience and perspectives preservation of agro-biodiversity under permafrost

VALERIY I. FEDOROV NADEZHDA N. STOROZHEVA Yakut Scientific Research Instiute of Agriculture, Yakutsk Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, Yakutsk Corresponding author: [email protected] Corresponding author: [email protected]

The northern domestic reindeer herding of the been transferred to the use of reindeer hus- Since 1979, more than 10 thousand seeds of crop sian Far East was initiated to laying for long stora- Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is concentrated in bandry, which include the natural pastures of the from the collection of the Vavilov Institute of Plant ge under permafrost since November 2009 by the 21 uluses (regions) from 35 uluses and forms the tundra, forest-tundra and northern taiga zones. Industry were stored in an underground laboratory Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture. basis of the way of life, economy, culture, em- As of January 1, 2017, in all categories of farms of the Melnikov Permafrost Institute of the Siberi- Seeds of 92 varieties were collected from 8 Rese- ployment of the indigenous peoples of the Nor- in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) there are 156 an Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences arch Institutions of the Siberian Branch of the RAS. th and defines the socio-economic appearance 814 heads of northern domestic reindeer, Evenk (RAS), at a depth of about 11-12 meters at the tem- In 2010, laying of seeds was carried out in under- of northern settlements. Reindeer herding also and Chukchi (hargin) breeds, 110 reindeer her- perature -2,5° / -2,70°С. Sowing qualities of seeds ground glacier of Ust-Aldansky District of the Re- serves as a locomotive for the development of ding enterprises employ 1,792 reindeer herders were tested after storage for 17-23 years. Research public of Sakha (Yakutia). In December 2012, near hunting, fishing, arts and crafts, gathering of wild and chum laborers. To date, the following pe- has shown that all samples preserved high sowing the capital Yakutsk the so called Underground Sto- plants and the consolidating that began in the digree registers have been registered with the qualities. The comparative assesment of growth rage was built by the Siberian Branch of the RAS North. According to the specifics of the indus- State Tribal Register of the Ministry of Agriculture and development rhythm, morphological and physi- and the Government of the Republic of Sakha. The try, reindeer herding in the process of the annual of the Russian Federation: Khatystyr in Aldansky ological parameters between samples from seeds Underground Storage could house 100 thousand production cycle covers huge territories and per- district, a pedigree reproducer for breeding the after long storage and their new analoges showed samples of seeds. All samples of crops were laid at forms an important state function to ensure em- Evenk reindeer breed; Olenek Municipal Unitary a lack of morphobiological anomalies as well as the beginning of 2013. Researches of sowing qua- ployment of the population of the North and the Enterprise of the Oleneksky district, a pedigree mutational changes. lities and the study of biomorphological parameters development of huge empty areas of the country. reproducer for breeding Evenk reindeer; the Mu- Collection of seeds of important crop varieties of in the field has been tested every 5 years to esta- Out of 196 million hectares of reindeer pastures nicipal Unitary Enterprise (MUP) Primorsky and the Research Institutions of Siberia and the Rus- blish extend safe storage. found in Yakutia, and on the remaining 130 milli- MUP "Borogonskoe" of the Bulunsky district, on hectares the stocks of feed are so small that breeding reproducers of the Evensk breed of grazing of large herds is impossible. Out of 66 reindeer. million hectares, only 37 million hectares have

62 63 Poster Session Poster Session

P29 Physiological features of pure bred coarse-wooled sheep and its cross- P30 Regional indicators of the quality of life of the population of the Republic breed of Sakha (Yakutia)

IVAN V. ALFEROV R.N. ZAKHAROVA, T.M. KLIMOVA, A.I. FEDOROV, E.P. AMMOSOVA, M.E. BALTAKHINOVA Senior Research Officer, Yakut Scientific Research Instiute of Agriculture, Yakutsk North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov, Yakutsk Corresponding author: [email protected] Corresponding author: [email protected]

The method of hybridization is one of the ways an integral part in the general biological problem The aim of the study was to investigate the quality indicators of the quality of life were standardized to improve the adaptive qualities of domestic ani- of the evolution of animals, which determines its of life of the population of the Far North. according to the USA general population in accor- mals to certain conditions used by humans for a relevance at all times. The work was carried out within the framework of dance with the recommendations of the develo- long time. Thus, in the application of hybridizati- E.Ya. Borisenko noted that acclimatization is the the state task of the Ministry of Education of the pers. on, the breeds of merino sheep and arharomeri- means to live, reproduce and develop correctly Russian Federation No.АААА-17-117021310139-5 The results of the study showed that the average nos were excreted. A number of researchers note in a new geographical area, under new climatic "Clinical and genetic aspects of diseases characte- values of the quality of life scales of the population the probability of transferring features of behavi- conditions and preserve economic and useful ristic of the indigenous inhabitants of Yakutia under in the study region are below 50% of the "ideal" or and habits by inheritance from parents to de- qualities for the sake of which animals are bred. modern conditions". 100% value. The quality of life of the population scendants. From this it follows that wild species, We conducted a hematological study of the blood Data collection was conducted in various regions of Yakutia is lower than in Russia, both in physical when crossing with domestic sheep, can trans- of coarse-wooled sheep, cross-breed of Buubei of Yakutia using questionairs. A total of 1042 resi- and mental health. The daily activities of respon- fer to descendants not only useful, but also un- coarse-wooled sheep and a big-horn on the abi- dents were surveyed in the region, of which 53% dents were limited not only by the physical health, wanted signs, such as late ripeness, low techno- lity to acclimatize under the conditions of central were women, and 47% were men. As a tool for but also by their mental state, particularly in the Ar- logical qualities of wool and behavioral patterns Yakutia. The blood sampling was carried out at data collection, the SF-36 questionnaire was used, ctic regions of Yakutia. such as savagery, timidity and aggressiveness, the end of the spring period. The result of the which contains eight health scales (concepts). The which is highly undesirable in further manage- conducted analyses shows that coarse-wooled ment of hybrids. sheep has a negative ability to acclimatize under The problem of acclimatization and adaptation the conditions of the Far North (Central Yakutia), of sheep is historically associated with methods the first and the second generation cross breed of animal husbandry in specific climatic and we- fit to the standart physiological indices, thus ather conditions. At the same time, acclimatizati- developed cross breed are suitable for the farms on, being a special case of adaptation to a com- of the Republic of Sakha. plex of external natural and climatic factors, is

64 65 Poster Session Poster Session

P31 Viral Hepatites B, C and D and their outcomes in the Republic of Sakha P32 The impact of lifestyle transformation on the health of the indigenous (Yakutia) population of Yakutia

S.S. SLEPTSOVA*, M.N. ANDREEV, S.I. SEMENOV, I.F. BILYUKINA, V.K. SEMENOVA T.M. KLIMOVA1, E.P. AMMOSOVA2*, R.N. ZAKHAROVA2, M.E. BALTAKHINOVA2, A.I. FEDOROV2 North-Eastern Federal University in Yakutsk 1 Medical Institute, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, email: [email protected] Corresponding author: [email protected] 2 Research Institute of Health, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk Corresponding author: [email protected]

The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is one of the polar and western regions of Yakutia can be ex- Introduction: Lifestyle transformation has a signi- bohydrates. Result of study among the Yakut has most disadvantaged territories of the Russian plained by insufficient levels of qualified medical ficant impact on human health. In this situation, the documented elevated basal metabolic rates and Federation for the prevalence of hemocontact and preventive care in these regions. Significant northern populations are vulnerable groups. For declines in thyroid hormone levels (fT3 and fT4) du- viral hepatitis B, C and D, as well as their ad- coefficients of rank correlation (p <0.05) between mitigation of effects of lifestyle transformation on ring the winter. It is response to extreme cold stress. verse outcomes like cirrhosis and primary liver incidence of CVH B, C and D with outcomes in the health and the monitoring of the situation, it is Socioeconomic transition brings changes almost in cancer. This unfavorable epidemiological situati- cirrhosis (rsp = + 0.94) and liver cancer (rsp = necessary to assess the current health status and every aspect of life of the circumpolar population on is associated with the climatic and geographic + 0.83), and between chronic hepatitis D with address potential future negative health outcomes. (i.e. increase of psycho-emotional stresses, ch- features (i.e. the Far North conditions), with pre- cirrhosis (rsp = + 0.94) and liver cancer (rsp = Methods: To characterize the health status and anges in physical activity, nutrition, traditional sub- valence of immunodeficiency, those frequency is + 0.89) has been shown. However, there was no nutrition statistical data of the Federal State Sta- sistence activities etc). It is accompanied by failure increasing under the influence of an unfavorable statistically significant association for CHC and tistics Service of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) of established mechanisms of evolutionary adapta- ecological situation, as a notable characteristic CHB separately. were used. Basal metabolic rate, seasonal variation to extreme factors and lead to development of of Yakutia. According to official statistics, in 2017 The main cause of the liver cirrhosis was a HDV tion of thyroid function present results of a study pathological conditions. Stress on human organism there were 328 cases of chronic hepatitis B (CHV) infection (51.72%), which is explained by more among indigenous adult population from Central caused by adaptation, the influence of complex en- (34.2 per 100,000 cases), and 501 cases of chro- severe course and rapid transition of this infec- Yakutia (Berdigestyakh, 62°N/126°E). Participants: vironmental factors suggest low life expectancy, nic hepatitis C (CHC) (52.1 per 100,000). In the tion into liver cirrhosis. In the structure of the healthy adults-volunteers (>19 years old). Time of i.e. high rates of morbidity and mortality among the structure of chronic viral hepatitis, the proportion causes of HCC, the greatest percentage has study: two field seasons in August/September 2009 population of northern regions. of CHB and CHC in 2017 was 39.5% and 60.5% chronic viral hepatitis C (41.38%) which is cha- and January 2011. Methods: BMR – indirect calori- Conclusion: In sum, the study has shown the in- respectively. Currently, according to the state re- racterized by a latent course and detection in the metry, anthropometry, health measures, hormonal digenous Yakut's marked elevated basal metabolic gister "Chronic viral hepatitis in the Republic of late stages of the disease (37.9%). The mortality measures, questionnaire on sociodemographics & rates, seasonal changes in thyroid function, high Sakha (Yakutia)", 15.145 persons are registered, rate after cirrhosis and liver cancer in 2016 was lifestyle. Prevalence of metabolic disorders present prevalence of metabolic disorders, as well as in- 6.417 of them with chronic hepatitis B; 6.781 with 4.5 cases per 100 thousand inhabitants. For the results of study among indigenous adult populati- crease of morbidity and mortality. These populati- chronic hepatitis C; 1.101 with chronic hepatitis 2009-2016, this indicator doubled (in 2009: 2.3, on from Central (Berdigestyakh, 62°N/126°E) and ons carry the double burden of the adverse effects D; 641 with mixed froms; 4 with unverified etio- and in 2016: 4.5 per 100 thousand of inhabitants). nothern (Zhigansk, 66ºN/123ºE) Yakutia. Partici- of both natural and socio-economic factors affec- logy; 385 of them with cirrhosis of the liver (LC); The study of the long-term incidence of viral pants: indigenous adults (≥20 years old). Time of ting health. In face of lifestyle transformation and and 27 persons with primary liver cancer (PLC). hepatitis B, C and D in Yakutia clarified the fre- study: 2009 and 2010, May-July. Methods: anthro- ongoing climate change, these groups are among The highest prevalence of hemocontact viral he- quency of various nosological forms of the disea- pometry, health measures, hormonal measures, the most vulnerable. Climate warming is expected patitis is observed in the Suntar, Ust-Aldansky, se (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer). lipid and glucose measures, questionnaire. to impact the spectrum of diseases, increase the Neryungrinsky, Myrninsky, and Khangalassky Also the frequency in regions of Yakutia, and the Results: Traditional Yakut food contains large scope of infectious diseases, the numbers of cardi- districts as well as in the capital Yakutsk. prevalence of viruses of hepatitis B, C and D with amounts of fats and proteins. It is a component of ovascular events, of stress factors, and a changing With Buryatia, Tyva and Tyumen regions, Yakutia a progressive course of the disease had been adaptation to cold stress. In the end of the XIX cen- diet. Therefore, it is necessary to forecast possible is among the regions of Russia with the highest identified. A new specialized hepatological century, traditional nutrition per one member of middle trends in health and consider possible measures incidence rates in patients with viral hepatitis. For ter in Yakutsk is recommended to establish a pre- income family consisted of 80% of the products of to maintain the health and life of population in the the period from 2000 to 2015, the incidence ra- ventive system and treatment in various stages animal origin. Modern diet of Yakut people includes changing environment. tes of liver cancer exceeded 4-5 times in Yakutia for patients with chronic viral hepatitis, including 11-13% of protein, 27-34% fat and 53-62% of car- in comparison to the Russian Federation. High in the cirrhotic stage and with the primary liver incidence of CVH and its outcome in the central, cancer.

66 67 Poster Session Poster Session

P33 The biological value of fats of freshwater fish P34 Veterinary and sanitary assessment of kumis, the national drink of the Sakha people

ALEXEY F. ABRAMOV, VALENTINA T. VASILIEVA, TATIANA V. SLEPTSOVA, NIKOLAY A. MAT- MARGARITA S. SAVVINOVA*, VIKTORIYA K. EVSYUKOVA, MIKHAIL N. SIDOROV, ALENA A. VEEV*, SEMEN M. TIMOFEEV ALEKSANDROVA, VARVARA V. MATARKINA Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, Yakutsk Yakut State Agricultural Academy, Yakutsk Corresponding author: [email protected] Corresponding author: [email protected]

The results of research on the biological value of content of saturated fatty acids and high content Kumis is a dairy product processed from mare's the technical regulation for milk and dairy products fillet fat and freshwater fish of the rivers of Yaku- of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. milk, as a result of lactic acid and alcohol fermen- (No. 9222-010-00670203-2004). tia (Stenodus leucichthys, Coregonus nasus, Co- In winter, a large amount of easily digesti- tation using lactobacillus and yeast. Traditionally, According to physio-chemical data on acidity le- regonus autumnalis, Coregonus muksun, Core- ble mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids and kumis has been valued for its beneficial effects on vels, samples of kumis from various producers pro- gonus sardinella, Coregonus peled, Coregonus fat-soluble vitamins accumulate in the belly of human health. Yet effects can vary. Depending on ved to be weakly acidic at 80-85°T (cf. standard pidschian). It is established that fats of these fish freshwater fish, which is a good source of energy the starter culture, the duration and conditions of values of 80-90°T) and meet all the requirements differ in high content of unsaturated (mono- and during emergency wintering conditions for fish. preparation, kumis turns out to be different. On one for kumis specifications. Mass fraction of fat in polyunsaturated) fatty acids those ratio to sa- The indigenous people of the northern regions of hand, kumis can be quite strong, the increased al- 1,5% (cf. standard value has to be no less than 1,0) turated fatty acids ranges in fillet from 1.0: 0.22 Yakutia consume fresh fish, including stroganina cohol content can intoxicate, leading the consumer also corresponds to fresh product norms and the to 1.0: 0.32, in the belly part from 1.0: 0.24 to 1.0: from fresh-frozen fish, which provides the body into an excited and intoxicated state. On the other technical regulation for milk and dairy products. 0.28. This indicates high biological performance with easily digestible fatty acids and the main hand, kumis can have calming effect, leading a At microbiological research of microorganisms of fats of freshwater fish in Yakutia. groups of fat-soluble vitamins (A, E, D) and ser- person into a drowsy state. Given its popularity, it in all samples of kumis from different producers, For the study, the fish of the autumn catch were ves as prevention of diseases of the cardiovas- is necessary to conduct quality analysis and vete- microorganisms, CGB, S.aureus, lactic acid micro- quick-frozen at a temperature of no higher than cular system as well as of Vitamin B-1 deficience rinary-sanitary assessment of commercially availa- organisms were not detected. -30°C in a modular plant for freezing products diseases (beriberi). ble kumis in the Far North. The microbiological analyses revealed no patho- (MUZ-07-10), followed by storage in glaciers For the organoleptic evaluation of mare's milk and gens in all samples. Also all samples were pure and freezers with a temperature not higher than References kumis, conventional methods were used such as when filtering the samples, no particles of mecha- -15°C. The obtained samples from all parts of the 1. Abramov, A.F., Zverev, S.S., Buslaev I.P. 2015. examination of appearance, color, smell, taste and nical impurities were observed on the filter. fish were combined into homogeneous batches The use of natural cold in the production, proces- consistency. To assess the physico-chemical pro- and resulted in an average sample of each spe- sing and storage of food under extreme clima- perties of kumis, following activities were carried References cies. Determination of the biochemical compo- tic conditions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). out: the determination of acidity, and the proportion 1. Ammosova, TV, Abramov, A.F. Nutritious and fiery sition of fish and fish products was determined Yakutsk: Octahedron publish (in Russian). of milk fat and protein. A microbiological research Yakut kumys. In: Ilge 2002 (2), pp. 30-32. by infrared spectroscopy using the SpectraStar 2. Kirillov A.F. 2002. Commercial fish of Yakutia. looked for presence of pathogenic microorganisms, 2. Gladenko, V.K. Horse breeding in countries of the model 2200 infrared analyzer from Unity Scienti- Moscow: The scientific world (in Russian). S. aureus, CGB, lactic-acid microorganisms and world. In: Perspectives of horse breeding in Russia in fic USA, calibrated on the basis of conventional 3. Lebedeva, U.M., Abramov, A.F. 2015. Basics mold. the XXI century. All-Union Research Institute of Hor- standard chemical methods in the Laboratory of of rational nutrition of the population of Yakutia. Kumis is prepared following the traditional method se Breeding. 2000. Part 2, pp. 3-7. processing of agricultural products and bioche- Yakutsk: North-Eastern Federal University (in according to the technical quideline "Yakut kumis" 3. Gladkova, E.E. Research on productive horse mical analyzes of the Yakut Research Institute of Russian). that was developed in 1998 by the staff of the Yakut breeding. In: The science of horse breeding in Russia Agriculture in Yakutsk. Research Institute of Agriculture (No 9222-001- (1930-2000). Divovo, 2001, pp. 252-258. Freshwater fish of the rivers of Yakutia are distin- 00670207-98). Taste examination of kumis samples 4. Pavlova, А.I. Influence of freezing on vitamin C guished by good biological efficiency due to low from different producers, according to organoleptic in mare's milk. In: Problems of development of herd indicators such as appearance, consistency, color, horse breeding in YakutiaNovosibirsk, 2004, pp. 105- taste and smell showed that they suit the standards 106. for fresh products, and meet the requirements of

68 69 Poster Session Poster Session

P35 Selection of perennial grasses in Yakut Research Institute of Agriculture P36 Efficiency of local strains of nodule bacteria Sinorhizobium meliloti in the cultivation of sickle alfalfa under the conditions of Central Yakutia

VALENTINA I. ALEKSEEVA*, VENERA M. KORYAKINA VILENA B. BORISOVA*, AYAAL I. STEPANOV Laboratory of selection and seed-growing of grain and forage crops, Yakut Scientific Research Institute Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, Yakutsk of Agriculture, Yakutsk Corresponding author: [email protected] Corresponding author: [email protected]

Harsh environment of Yakutia and the need of productive longevity, are resistant to trampling, Aim of this research project is to study the influen- assimilated by plants, which, in turn, provide other stable yields and high quality feed require va- drought and are salt-tolerant. The variety of Fe- ce of local strains of nodule bacteria and mineral plants with nutrients. rieties that are adapted to arid conditions and stuca rubra "Meryunskaya" is recommended for fertilizers on soil fertility and the biomass of sickle A useful quality of alfalfa is its biological property salinity of soils, resistant to flooding, pests and recreation of disturbed lands, ground lawns, as alfalfa. The tasks were as following: to grow in symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing nodule soil diseases. Also some perennial grasses provide well as a component for pasture grass mixtures. - to study the effect of local strains of nodule bacte- microorganisms forming noduels on its roots. As valuable under snow fodder for horses during Among the leguminous herbs, the Medicago fal- ria and mineral fertilizers on the soil fertility, accu- a result of their vital activity, nitrogen compounds winter pastures. kata varieties "Yakut yellow" and the Melilotus mulation of biological nitrogen and the productivity that are accessible and necessary for the growth Nine species of perennial grasses were created albus "Nemyugunsky" are zoned. The yield of of alfalfa; of alfalfa and other agricultural plants accumulate. and zoned in Yakut Research Institute of Agricul- green mass of yellow Medicago falkata is 250- - to assess the effect of local strains of nodule Treatment of the seeds with strains of active nodule ture. To increase the productivity of haymaking 300 c/ha, of white Melilotus albus: 160-180 c/ha. bacteria and mineral fertilizers on the symbiosis in bacteria before sowing allows enriching the plant alaas lands of the Eastern zone, following varie- The yield of seeds, depending on the moisture alfalfa. root system, and thus promoting active binding of ties were developed: the Lenskaya Roegneria content of the vegetation period, in Medicago fal- Objects of research were the Yakut yellow sickle al- the molecular nitrogen. mutabilis, the Toybokhoysky Agropiron repens kata of the "Yakut yellow" is 0,5-1,0 c/ha, sweet- falfa, local strains of nodule bacteria "Yakutsky No Bacteria contribute to the optimal use of mineral and the Amginsky Elymus sibiricus. These varie- grass "Nemyugunsky": 2.0-4.0 c/ha. 1" and "Yakutsky No 2" of Sinorhizobium meliloti, and organic fertilizers. Breeding in the root zone, ties are characterized by high cold and drought In 2017, a variety of Bromopsis inermis "Aystal" and mineral fertilizers. bacteria protect them from penetration of microflo- resistance, and durability up to 4-5 years. The was created, which is distinguished by a high The field experiment started in 2018 at the scientific ra that cause plant diseases. Rational use of bacte- yield of green mass is 100-120 centner/ha, of the seed yield of 1.9 centners per hectare, lining stationary of the Yakut Scientific Research Institute rial preparations makes it possible to significantly seeds: 1-2 c/ha. Erkeani Bromopsis inermis was (44-54 per cent), and is high-resistant. It is re- of Agriculture in the Khangalassky district. There increase the productivity of agricultural crops with planted on floodplain hayfields, and is characteri- commended for sowing on the hayfields of the were 23 variants in the experiment, the repetition a lower consumption of nitrogenous fertilizers and zed by high hay yield (28.9 c/ha) and seeds yield Leno-Amginsky interfluve of Central Yakutia. was four times, the sowing was in broad rows with an increase in the biological activity of the soil. (1.9 c/ha), as well as by high cold and drought At present, the task is to bring out new varieties between-rows distance of 30 cm, the placement of In the Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agricul- resistance. of Elymus sibiricus, resistant to extreme condi- the plots was randomized, the registered area of ture, two patents of local strains of nodule bacteria For planting long-term pasture areas for ye- tions of Yakutia, with a stable hay and seed yield, the plots was 25 m2. "Yakutsky No 1" and "Yakutsky No 2" were obta- ar-round use for winter under snow pasture of with high fodder qualities resistant to diseases One of the most important problems of the modern ined from the Yakut yellow alfalfa variety, the au- horses, the varieties "Manchaary" and "Bootur" and manufacturability. agriculture is the possibility of fixing the atmosphe- thor of which is Maria Yakovleva, Cand. agr. sc., of Psathyrostаchys juncea are used. These have ric nitrogen. The biological fixation of nitrogen oc- Lecturer, Senior Researcher of the Laboratory of curs by microorganisms that inhabit the soil. Potato Growing and Agroecology. Nodule bacteria are the genus of nitrogen-fixing Based on these strains, the Laboratory of agroe- bacteria that form nodules on the roots of legu- cology produces biological preparations for increa- minous plants. They absorb atmospheric molecu- sing the productivity of soil and agricultural crops. lar nitrogen and convert it to nitrogen compounds

70 71 List of Participants List of Participants

ABRAMOV, ALEKSEY F. BOCHKAREV, INNOKENTIY I. DMITRIEVA, TUYARA GAVRIL'EVA, LUBOV' YU. Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture Yakut State Agricultural Academy Yakut State Agricultural Academy Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

ALEKSEEVA, MOTRENA V. BORISOVA, VILENA B. DREHMANN, MARCO GOGOLEVA, PRASKOV'YA A. Yakut State Agricultural Academy Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Yakut State Agricultural Academy [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

ALEKSEEVA, VALENTINA I. BUDATSYRENOVA, LYUBOV V. DULOVA, SARGYLANA V. GRIGOR'EV, INNOKENTIY I. Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Con- Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture [email protected] sumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing [email protected] [email protected] (Rospotrebnadzor), Regional Office in Yakutia ALEKSEEVA, VERONIKA N. [email protected] EFREMOVA, SARGYLANA P. HÖLZLE, LUDWIG E. Yakut State Agricultural Academy Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany [email protected] BURTSEVA, IRINA A. [email protected] [email protected] Yakut State Agricultural Academy AMMOSOVA, ELENA P. [email protected] EGOROVA, IRINA K. HUBER, IRENE North-Eastern Federal University in Yakutsk, Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Institute of Health BYLGAEVA, ANZHELA A. [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture [email protected] ELBYADOVA, EVDOKIYA I. IGNAT'EVA, MARGARITA E. BARASHKOVA, ANASTASIYA I. Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Con- Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture DAYANOVA, GALINA I. [email protected] sumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing [email protected] Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture (Rospotrebnadzor), Regional Office in Yakutia [email protected] EVSYUKOVA, VICTORIYA K. [email protected] BELEVTSOVA, VALENTINA I. Yakut State Agricultural Academy Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture DESYATKIN, ALEKSEY R. [email protected] IL'INA, ELENA N. [email protected] Institute of Biological Problems of Cryolithozone, Yakut State Agricultural Academy Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences FABER, MIRKO [email protected] BEYER, WOLFGANG [email protected] Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany [email protected] IVANOV, REVORIY V. [email protected] DESYATKIN, ROMAN V. Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture Institute of Biological Problems of Cryolithozone, FEDOROV, AFANASIY I. [email protected] BLAGODATSKIY, SERGEY Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences North-Eastern Federal University in Yakutsk, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany [email protected] Institute of Health IVANOVA, NARIYA D. [email protected] [email protected] Yakut State Agricultural Academy [email protected]

72 73 List of Participants List of Participants

KHAJEHEI, FOROUGH NEUSTROEV, MIKHAIL P. PANKRATOV, V.V. PROTOD'YAKONOVA, GALINA P. University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture Yakut State Agricultural Academy Yakut State Agricultural Academy [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

KOKOLOVA, LUDMILA M. NIKITINA, ANASTASIYA A. PAVLOVA, ALEKSANDRA I. PROTOPOPOVA, ANNA Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture Department of Veterinary, Republic of Sakha (Yak.) Yakut State Agricultural Academy Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] NIKOLAEVA, FEVRON'YA V. KOZLOVA, LYUBOV' Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture PETROVA, LIDIYA V. PUDOV, ALEKSEY G. Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture [email protected] Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture Yakut State Agricultural Academy [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] NIKONOVA, TAT'YANA A. KUZ'MINA, NATAL'YA V. Yakut State Agricultural Academy PLATONOVA, AGAF'YA Z. RESHETNIKOV, ALEKSANDR D. Yakut State Agricultural Academy [email protected] Yakut State Agricultural Academy Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture [email protected] [email protected] LEMKE, STEFANIE NIFONTOV, KONSTANTIN R. University of Coventry, UK / Yakut State Agricultural Academy POPOV, ANDRIAN ROBBEK, NIKOLAY S. University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany [email protected] Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] NYUKKANOV, AYAN N. MAKSIMOVA, ANNA N. Yakut State Agricultural Academy POPOV, EVGENIY N. ROMANOVA, VARVARA V. Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture [email protected] Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] OBOEVA, NATALIYA A. MAKSIMOVA, KHARITINA I. Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture POPOV, RUSLAN G. ROMIG, THOMAS Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture [email protected] Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] OKHLOPKOV, ALEKSANDR M. MATCHAKHTYROV, GRIGORIY N. Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary POTAPOV, MIKHAIL D. SAVVINOVA, MARGARITA S. Yakut State Agricultural Academy Surveillance, Regional Office in Yakutia Yakut State Agricultural Academy Yakut State Agricultural Academy [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] OKHLOPKOVA, POLINA P. MATVEEV, NIKOLAY A. Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture POTAPOVA, KATERINA SEMENOV, SERGEY I. Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture [email protected] University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany North-Eastern Federal University in Yakutsk, [email protected] [email protected] Institute of Health PAGEL, HOLGER [email protected] NEUSTROEV, MIKHAIL M. University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany PROKOP'EVA, A. Ministry of Ecology of the Republic of Sakha (Yak.) [email protected] Yakut State Agricultural Academy [email protected] [email protected]

74 75 List of Participants List of Participants

SHADRIN, VYACHESLAV I. STEPANOV, KONSTANTIN M. VINOKUROV, NIKOLAY Institute of for Humanities Research and Indigenous Yakut Research Center of Complex Medical Pro- Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture Studies of the North, Siberian Branch, RAS blems / Yakut State Agricultural Academy [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] VINOKUROVA, LILIYA I. SHADRINA, YANA L. STEPANOVA, ANNA M. Institute of for Humanities Research and Indigenous Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture Studies of the North, Siberian Branch, RAS [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

SIDOROV, ANDREY A. STEPANOVA, SVETLANA YAKOVLEVA, MARIYA T. Yakut State Agricultural Academy Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

SIDOROV, MIKHAIL N. STARKOV, NIKOLAY F. YAKOVLEVA, NARIYA Yakut State Agricultural Academy Yakut State Agricultural Academy Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

SKRYABINA, MARFA P. TARABUKIN, NIKOLAY I. ZAKHAROVA, RAISA N. Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture Yakut State Agricultural Academy North-Eastern Federal University in Yakutsk, [email protected] [email protected] Institute of Health [email protected] SLEPTSOV, EVGENIY S. TARABUKINA, NADEZHDA P. Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture ZANDANOVA, TUYANA N. [email protected] [email protected] Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture [email protected] SLEPTSOV, IVAN I. TIKHONOVA, VALENTINA V. Yakut State Agricultural Academy Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture ZAROVNYAEV, STEPAN I. [email protected] [email protected] Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture [email protected] SLEPTSOVA, SNEZHANA S. TIMOFEEV, SEMEN North-Eastern Federal University in Yakutsk, Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture Medical Institute [email protected] [email protected] VASIL'EV, SERGEY V. STEPANOV, AYAAL I. Yakut State Agricultural Academy Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture [email protected] [email protected]

76 77 Notes Notes

78 79 Imprint Editor: University of Hohenheim, Research Center for Health Sciences Wollgrasweg 43, 70599 Stuttgart, +49 (0)711 459 24615, [email protected] https://health.uni-hohenheim.de Printed at KIM, University of Hohenheim, September 2018 Layout: Hohenheim Research Center for Heath Sciences Photos: (c) Svetlana Khatylaeva (cover, header, pp. 10-11); Bjørn Christian Tørrissen, via Wikimedia Commons (pp. 34-35); University of Hohenheim (p. 80)