Die Hymenopterengruppe Der Sphecinen. I

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Die Hymenopterengruppe Der Sphecinen. I ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Die Hymenopterengruppe der Sphecinen. I. Monographie der natürlichen Gattung Sphex Linné (sens. lat.). Von Frani Friedr. Kohl. Mit fünf lithogr. Tafeln (Nr. VIII—XII). I. Abtheilung. Diese hymenopterologische Schrift ist eine Abhandlung über die Sphecinen, einer Gruppe enger verwandter Raubwespengattungen, mit einer monographischen Be- arbeitung der bisher von den Autoren festgehaltenen Gattungen Chlorion, Parasphex, Harpactopus, Priononyx, Isodontia, Sphex und Pseudosphex, welche jedoch, vom Standpunkte der jüngeren wissenschaftlichen Systematik beurtheilt, alle zusammen nur Artengruppen einer einzigen natürlichen Gattung — Sphex s. 1. — sind. Eine Monographie darüber gibt es dermalen nicht, es wäre denn, man wollte die Bearbeitung der Sphecinen von Dahlbom in Hymenoptera europaea I, oder jene von Le pelletier in Hist, natur. Ins. Hym. III, beide vom Jahre 1845, als solche ansehen. Diese sind indessen hinsichtlich der Zahl der beschriebenen Arten, der Beschaffen- heit der Beschreibungen, besonders aber in Betreff der Auffassung des verwandtschaft- lichen Verhältnisses der Formen ganz ungenügend. Die Zahl der Artbeschreibungen hat sich seit dem Erscheinen jener Werke mehr als verdreifacht. Die Arbeiten anderer Autoren über Sphexe behandeln diese Hautflügler blos von einem beschränkten Gebiete oder mehr in faunistischer Weise oder bringen nur Neu- beschreibungen und überragen mit Ausnahme der Abhandlung Taschenberg's »Die Sphegiden des zoologischen Museums der Universität zu Halle« ') und jener Patton's »Some characters useful in the study of the Sphecidae«2) die früher genannten Werke in keinerlei Weise. Der im Jahre i885 in Természetrajzi Füzetek IX, pag. 54 (Budapest) veröffent- lichte Aufsatz »Die Gattungen der Sphecinen und die paläarktischen Sphex-Arten« ist als Vorstudie zu dieser Monographie zu betrachten. • Beim Beginne der Arbeit fand der Autor die Verhältnisse ziemlich trostlos, die Literatur widerwärtig zersplittert, die Beschreibungen meist nur nach der Färbung ent- worfen und den gänzlichen Mangel eines Artbegriffes verrathend, das Materiale unzu- reichend, das Londoner Museum, das den grössten Theil der Typen birgt, unzugäng- lich. Seine Stellung am k. k. naturhistorischen Hofmuseum in Wien mit seiner herr- lichen Bibliothek und einer ziemlich reichen Sammlung und die mit dieser Stellung verknüpfte Aussicht auf Unterstützung von Aussen ermuthigten ihn jedoch, den einmal aufgegriffenen dankbaren, wenn auch spröden Stoff weiter zu verfolgen. Hiemit über- gibt er nun die Ergebnisse seiner Studien der Oeffentlichkeit mit dem Geständnisse, dass 1) Zeitschr. f. d. g. Naturwiss. Halle, N..F. II (36), 1870, p. 1. 2) Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. XX, 1881, p. 378. Annalen des k. k. naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, Bd. V, Heft 2, 1890. 6 ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at . Franz Friedr. Kohl. sie ihm grosse innere Befriedigung bereitet haben, wenn er bei der Untersuchung der Formen neue brauchbare, beständige Unterscheidungsmerkmale entdeckte, durch die sich ihm die engere verwandtschaftliche Zusammengehörigkeit der Arten erschloss. Diese Befriedigung konnte auch die Furcht nicht trüben, dass die Arbeit denen nicht zu Dank sein werde, welche bei gänzlichem Mangel eines wissenschaftlichen Art- begriffes mit der Beschreibung von Individuen oder Farbenbildern nur den literarischen Wust vermehren. Bei der Zusammenstellung der Synonyme, die alle durchgeprüft sind, wurden nur Beschreibungen, Bestimmungstabellen und Abbildungen berücksichtigt. Beschreibungen, welche keine verlässliche Deutung zuliessen, wurden in die Abhandlung aufgenommen, um den Fachgenossen das zeitraubende Benützen der so sehr zersplitterten und zum Theile nur sehr schwer zugänglichen Literatur zu ersparen. Die Bestimmungstabellen bringen, da ihr Werth nicht geschwächt werden sollte, nur solche Arten, von denen Stücke untersucht worden sind ; von diesen wurden auch ausführliche Beschreibungen entworfen. Um die wahrscheinlichen Grenzen der Artenabänderung, namentlich in Hinblick auf Färbung, sowie die Beständigkeit der Unterscheidungsmerkmale, d. i. die Art- merkmale abstrahiren zu können, war es nothwendig, an einer recht bedeutenden Menge von Individuen die Erfahrungen zu sammeln; um ferner der Arbeit die einer Mono- graphie angemessene Vollständigkeit geben zu können, musste angestrebt werden, alle bekannt gewordenen Arten zu erreichen und einzubeziehen; auch war es sehr wün- schenswerth, möglichst viele Typen und Originalexemplare zu Gesicht zu bekommen, damit die Beschreibungen sicher gedeutet, die Synonymie leichter geordnet und von vielen mangelhaft gekennzeichneten Arten erweiterte und verbesserte Beschreibungen entworfen werden konnten. Für alle diese Bedürfnisse reichte selbstverständlich die Sammlung des Wiener Hofmuseums trotz seiner Reichhaltigkeit ebensowenig aus, als die irgend eines andern Museums allein ausgereicht hätte. Daher war ich bemüht, von anderer Seite her die nöthige Unterstützung zu erhalten; sie wurde mir auch von allen grösseren Museen Europas — das von London ausgenommen— ferner von liebenswürdigen Fachgenossen in ausgiebiger Weise zu Theil. So gelangte zur Benützung einschlägiges Materiale von den Museen in Berlin, Bern, Brüssel, Budapest, Dresden, Genf, Halle a. S., Hamburg, Lübeck, Madrid, München, Stuttgart, Tiflis und Zürich, ferner von den Privatsamm- lungen bekannter Hymenopterologen, wie der Herren: Edm. André in Beaune, P. Cameron in Sale (Cershiré), Anton Handlirsch in Wien, Dr. L. v. Heyden in Bockenheim, J. Kolazi in Wien, Dr. P. Magretti in Mailand, Dr. Marquet in Tou- louse, Dr. Ferdinand Morawitz in St. Petersburg, O. Radoszkowsky in Warschau, Dr. v. Schulthess-Rechberg in Zürich, Henry de Saussure in Genf und W.W üst- nei in Sonderburg a. Alsen. Ich erfasse mit Freude diese Gelegenheit, den genannten Fachgenossen sowie jenen Herren, durch deren liebenswürdige Vermittlung mir die Unterstützung von Seite der angeführten Museen zu Theil geworden ist, Prof. J. Boli- var in Madrid, Dr. M. v. Brunn in Hamburg, Dr. H. Dewitz in Berlin, Em. Frey- Gessner in Genf, Dr. E.Hofmann in Stuttgart, Dr. Th. Kirsch in Dresden, Dr. J. Kriechbaumer in München, Dr. H. Lenz in Lübeck, Al. Mocsâry in Budapest, Th. Steck in Bern und Prof. Dr. E. Taschenberg in Halle a. S. den wärmsten Dank auszudrücken. Typen und Originalstücke wurden eingesehen von Edm. André, P. Cameron, P. Magretti, A. Mocsâry, F. Morawitz, Perty, O. Radoszkowsky, H. de Saussure ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at [3] Die Hymenopterengruppe der Sphecinen. I. ng und E. Taschenberg. Ihre Zahl ist eine beträchtliche, trotzdem mir jene Fr. Smith's, der in der Gattung Sphex von allen Autoren die meisten Neubeschreibungen (54), frei- lich nur in einer für die Wissenschaft bedauerlichen Weise veröffentlicht hat, nicht zu- gänglich gewesen sind. Die Arten, von denen Typen eingesehen worden sind, erscheinen in den Syno- nymenlisten mit !, jene, welche das k. k. naturhistorische Hofmuseum in Wien besitzt, mit * gekennzeichnet. Trotz der Hingebung und Gewissenhaftigkeit, mit welcher diese meine Abhand- lung ausgeführt wurde, bin ich mir doch recht wohl bewusst, dass sie noch manche Irrthümer und Mängel enthalten wird; deshalb richte ich an die Freunde der Hymeno- pterologie die Bitte, mir im Interesse der schönen Wissenschaft Ansichten, welche von meinigen abweichen sollten, Verbesserungen, geographische Daten und fehlende Arten zur Untersuchung und Beschreibung zukommen zu lassen, damit ich meine Arbeit ge- legentlich durch einen Nachtrag ergänzen und verbessern kann, wodurch auch eine weitere Zersplitterung der Forschungen über dieses Gebiet hintangehalten würde. Selbst- verständlich soll dabei den Datenspendern das geistige Eigenthum gewahrt werden. Zum Schlüsse spreche ich auch die Hoffnung aus, in Bälde einen Band über die Artengruppe von Ammophila und Sceliphron (s. 1.) veröffentlichen und hiemit die Monographie der natürlichen Gattungsgruppe der Sphecinen zum Abschluss bringen zu können. ' Literatur -Verzeichniss. Folgende Liste umfasst die wissenschaftlichen Abhandlungen, welche die Hyme- nopterengruppe der Sphecinen irgendwie betreffen. Diejenigen, welche ich nicht zu Gesichte bekommen habe, sind mit * gekennzeichnet. Bei der Zusammenstellung wurde grösstmöglichste Vollständigkeit angestrebt. Aichinger, Valentin v. — Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Hymenopterenfauna Tirols — Zeitschrift des Ferdinandeums für Tirol und Vorarlberg, III. Folge, Heft 15, Inns- bruck 1870, p. 293. André, Ed m. — Species des Hyménoptères d'Europe et d'Algerie, III, Beaune 1886—1888, p. 5i. Antiga, ... — Lista de las especies de Hymenópteros recogidos en San Esteban Palantordera (falda del Monseny) y non conprendidos en las listas publicadas en los Anales — Anal. Soc. Esp. H. N. 14, Cuad. 2 Actas, p. 74—75, ï885. Assmus, Eduard Philibert — SymbolaadfaunamhymenopterologicamMosquensem — Bull, de la Soc. imp. des Naturalistes de Moscou, XXXII, 1859, Nr. II, p. 604. Barbut, James — Les genres des Insectes de Linné, constatés par divers échantillons d'insectes d'Angleterre, London 1781 (The genera Insectorum of Linnaeus exemplified by varius specimens of English Insects). In englischer und französi- scher Sprache. Bates, H.W. — The naturalist on the River Amazon., edit. 2, London 1864, p. 211. — Der Naturforscher am Amazonenstrom, Leipzig 1866. Becker, Alois — Beiträge zu seinen Verzeichnissen der um Sarepta und Bogdo vor- kommenden Insecten etc. — Bull, de la
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