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Aissat-1 Monitoring the Shipping Traffic from Space

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Aissat-1 Monitoring the Shipping Traffic from Space Monitoring the Norwegian Waters AISsat-1 Monitoring the Shipping Traffic from Space To meet this goal Norway will launch an experimental nano satellite named AISSat-1 in the first quarter of 2010 to find optimal techniques for a future operational system. Placed in a low polar orbit of an Indian PSLV launcher, the satellite can monitor the high North and the high South fifteen times a day, thus, continuously monitoring the oceans Norway is responsible for and has an interest in. The project is mainly carried out by Norwegian companies on behalf of the Norwegian Space Agency, but the satellite platform is based on a Canadian construction. The main participants involved in the project are Norwegian Defence Research Institute (FFI), University of Toronto, Kongsberg Seatex and Kongsberg Satellite Service. FFI has been the initiator for the project, and also carries the main responsibility. The Space Flight Laboratory at the University of Toronto (UTIAS) has developed and built the satellite platform, Kongsberg Handover of the first model, Bjørn Narheim from Defense Reearsh Institute at right Seatex developed and built the AIS sensor handover to Norwegian Space Centre, here represented with Bjørn Ottar Elseth. including software and Kongsberg Satellite Photo credit: Norwegian Space Centre Service will operate the ground station. ocean areas. The communication is line- of-sight allowing countries to monitor if some irregularities are detected. The ships within about 50 -70 km of their result may be a cheaper service where the Why a Satellite Based shores. Norway has the jurisdiction over resources can be concentrated to special ocean areas several times larger than the areas of concern. AIS System? mainland. This huge area, where much To test techniques for a future The coastal station - based system of the international traffic takes place, is operational system the Norwegian has a very important restriction. It is not of great economical interest to Norway Government has granted financial suitable for monitoring the traffic on huge in connection with fisheries and oil and recourses for a very small but advanced gas production. Monitoring these areas satellite where the platform is purchased has so far been carried out by ships from in Canada, but where the payload has the Coastguard and aircrafts from the been developed and built by Norwegian The information in the following Norwegian Defence authorities. This companies. The satellite is only six articles as well as the fact boxes general monitoring can be supplied with kilograms and has a cubic form of 200 are compiled and edited by Baard special monitoring due to suspicion about millimetres. Only 30 % of the weight is Kringen at NordicSpace based on unwanted occurrences. However, this is mission specific payload and it is clear information and documentation an expensive method that ties up too many that with a payload of only about two sources by among others in: resources. kilograms it requires miniaturising of the Being able to monitor the traffic from components. A Norwegian Satellite for Space- space has therefore been an expressed goal One challenge is the large quantity based Observations of AIS in the for the authorities for years. Satellites in of data the satellite can receive. Today High North. Bjørn T. Narheim polar orbits can monitor the whole area 52 000 ships have installed the necessary et.al. several times a day and resources from the equipment to transmit the ordered Coastguard or others can be called upon information, the so-called Class A 4 NordicSpace Monitoring the Norwegian Waters equipment. In addition, the demand of 25°0'0"W 15°0'0"W 5°0'0"W 5°0'0"E 20°0'0"E 35°0'0"E 45°0'0"E 55°0'0"E Class B equipment for smaller vessels Tegnforklaring will increase the number of reports (! Trafikksentraler considerably. The amount of information Separasjonssone Vardø-Røst 80°0'0"N 80°0'0"N is therefore extensive. Every ship delivers Virkeområde Vardø trafikksentral 90 to 450 messages over a fifteen minute Virkeområde Trafikksentraler 0 55 110 220 330 period. Some of the tasks for the satellite Kilometer and the ground station are to filter out the 75°0'0"N data that are of no relevance, but at the 75°0'0"N same time be able to add to the sources and time information that is necessary to separate satellite information from information to coastal stations. Although only a part of these vessels will report to the satellite, sorting the 70°0'0"N received messages is necessary. AISSat- 70°0'0"N Vardø VTS 1 will concentrate the operations on the (! Northern areas, an area where the traffic is not as frequent as the more central places of the world. In addition, the satellite does not receive all information the AIS 65°0'0"N transmitter broadcasts. Only data about 65°0'0"N identification of the ship and so-called dynamic information are of interest for the 4°0'0"E 5°0'0"E 6°0'0"E 7°0'0"E 8°0'0"E 9°0'0"E 10°0'0"E 11°0'0"E satellite. 62°0'0"N The satellite will transmit data 10 61°0'0"N Fedje VTS (! minutes every orbit in the time the 61°0'0"N 60°0'0"N Fedje VTS satellite is in sight of the ground station at (! 60°0'0"N 60°0'0"N Svalbard. The next possibility will be at The Nowegian Waters Horten VTS 60°0'0"N ! the next orbit, 90 minutes later. Kvitsøy VTS( (!(! Kvitsøy VTS Horten VTS 59°0'0"N (! The satellite neither will receive data Grenland VTS (! (! 59°0'0"N from all orbits and not for the whole orbit. Grenland VTS The area of solar cells is too small to 58°0'0"N 55°0'0"N 55°0'0"N continually give sufficient power, and the 5°0'0"E 6°0'0"E 7°0'0"E 8°0'0"E 9°0'0"E 10°0'0"E 11°0'0"E 12°0'0"E activity will therefore normally be carried 0°0'0" 5°0'0"E 10°0'0"E 15°0'0"E 20°0'0"E 25°0'0"E 30°0'0"E out at some orbits and for the interesting parts of the orbits. The ground station located in Svalbard will acquire data from AISSat-1 during all 15 daily passes over Norwegian Operations ocean areas. KSAT (Kongsberg Satellite Services) already has a major facility for After launch the commission phase AISSat will enter into two succeeding communicating with numerous satellites. phases. The Svalbard Ground Station (also referred Phase -1 will be an experimental phase where mainly FFI will perform to as SvalSat), is located at 78.216º N, 20º analysis of the space AIS concept in general, and where data from the satellite E on the Norwegian Svalbard archipelago will be analyzed and compared with the results from the detection probability near the town of Longyearbyen. modeling, particularly for the Norwegian ocean areas in the high north. In this Stored and real-time data from the phase, the satellite will primarily store and forward AIS data, but will also push satellite will be acquired and stored at the AIS data in real time to ground during periods of ground contact. Distribution of ground station for subsequent forwarding data to selected users will also be tested. to the mission control center located at FFI in southern Norway. AIS data from Phase 2 will be an operational demonstration phase where AISSat-1 will deliver data to selected users in an agreed form until end of the satellite’s life. the high south will be stored onboard and Some limited experimentations will also be performed during this phase. forwarded to the users while the satellite is in sight of the receiving station. The satellite is assessed to hopefully last at least three years. The satellite Information that is not received in real is built according to industrial standard, not according to space standard, mean- time must therefore contain additional ing it will last somewhat less than the large commercial satellites and space information about observing time and it probes. However, the first Canadian satellite of this type has been in space for must also separate between information five years and is still in function. compiled of the satellite or the coast based Funds for further development of this system has been earmarked in AIS network. the Norwegian state budget for 2010, thus, the hope for a productive satellite seems more accessible. NordicSpace 5 Monitoring the Norwegian Waters FACTS About the AISSat Satellite AISSat-1 is a six kilograms nano-satellite, being constructed on behalf of the government of Norway by Canadian and Norwegian institu- tions and industrial companies. The primary mission is to investigate the feasibility and performance of a spacecraft-based Automatic Identifica- tion System (AIS) sensor in low-Earth orbit as a means of tracking mari- time assets, and the integration of space-based AIS data into a national maritime tracking information sys- tem. AISSat-1 is intended as both a research and development platform, and a demonstration mission for a larger operational capability. The last model of AISSat-1. Photo credit. FFI The satellite design is based on the Generic Nano-satellite Bus (GNB), a cube which measures 200 mm in and momentum dumping while the size, and includes a full suite of ad- Communication reaction wheels provide fine attitude The platform contains two radio vanced capabilities. This includes: pointing capability.
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