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The Paleontograph______
__________The Paleontograph________ A newsletter for those interested in all aspects of Paleontology Volume 5 Issue 1 March, 2016 _________________________________________________________________ From Your Editor Welcome to our latest issue. I hope you enjoyed the holidays. If you are anything like me, you are looking forward to Spring. We've had a mild winter here in CO. Weather is different than the east coast. While the nights are colder, the days are warmer. It's a nice change for me. I finally have my fossil lab up and running and I am spending my days, or part thereof, working off my backlog of fossils. It has been a couple of months since our last issue but Bob has kept writing and so we have an interesting issue for you to enjoy. The Paleontograph was created in 2012 to continue what was originally the newsletter of The New Jersey Paleontological Society. The Paleontograph publishes articles, book reviews, personal accounts, and anything else that relates to Paleontology and fossils. Feel free to submit both technical and non-technical work. We try to appeal to a wide range of people interested in fossils. Articles about localities, specific types of fossils, fossil preparation, shows or events, museum displays, field trips, websites are all welcome. This newsletter is meant to be one by and for the readers. Issues will come out when there is enough content to fill an issue. I encourage all to submit contributions. It will be interesting, informative and fun to read. It can become whatever the readers and contributors want it to be, so it will be a work in progress. -
D Inosaur Paleobiology
Topics in Paleobiology The study of dinosaurs has been experiencing a remarkable renaissance over the past few decades. Scientifi c understanding of dinosaur anatomy, biology, and evolution has advanced to such a degree that paleontologists often know more about 100-million-year-old dinosaurs than many species of living organisms. This book provides a contemporary review of dinosaur science intended for students, researchers, and dinosaur enthusiasts. It reviews the latest knowledge on dinosaur anatomy and phylogeny, Brusatte how dinosaurs functioned as living animals, and the grand narrative of dinosaur evolution across the Mesozoic. A particular focus is on the fossil evidence and explicit methods that allow paleontologists to study dinosaurs in rigorous detail. Scientifi c knowledge of dinosaur biology and evolution is shifting fast, Dinosaur and this book aims to summarize current understanding of dinosaur science in a technical, but accessible, style, supplemented with vivid photographs and illustrations. Paleobiology Dinosaur The Topics in Paleobiology Series is published in collaboration with the Palaeontological Association, Paleobiology and is edited by Professor Mike Benton, University of Bristol. Stephen Brusatte is a vertebrate paleontologist and PhD student at Columbia University and the American Museum of Natural History. His research focuses on the anatomy, systematics, and evolution of fossil vertebrates, especially theropod dinosaurs. He is particularly interested in the origin of major groups such Stephen L. Brusatte as dinosaurs, birds, and mammals. Steve is the author of over 40 research papers and three books, and his work has been profi led in The New York Times, on BBC Television and NPR, and in many other press outlets. -
Layout 1 (Page 2)
SEPTEMBER 9-15, 2011 CCURRENTSURRENTS The News-Review’s guide to arts, entertainment and television ToastToast ofof thethe towntown WinemakersWinemakers featurefeature theirtheir concoctionsconcoctions atat thethe 42nd42nd annualannual UmpquaUmpqua ValleyValley WineWine ArtArt andand MusicMusic FestivalFestival MICHAEL SULLIVAN/The News-Review INSIDE: What’s Happening/3 Calendar/4 Book Review/10 Movie Review/14 TV/15 Page 2, The News-Review Roseburg, Oregon, Currents—Thursday, September 8, 2011 * &YJUt$BOZPOWJMMF 03t*OGPt3FTtTFWFOGFBUIFSTDPN Roseburg, Oregon, Currents—Thursday, September 8, 2011 The News-Review, Page 3 what’s HAPPENING TENMILE An artists’ reception will be held from 5 to 7 p.m. Friday at Remembering GEM GLAM the gallery, 638 W. Harrison St., Roseburg. 9/11 movie, songs Also hanging is art by pastel A special 9/11 remembrance painter Phil Bates, mixed event will be held at 5 p.m. media artist Jon Leach and Sunday at the Tenmile Com- acrylic painter Holly Werner. munity United Methodist Fisher’s is open regularly Church, 2119 Tenmile Valley from 9 to 5 p.m. Monday Road. through Friday. The event includes a show- Information: 541-817-4931. ing of a one-hour movie, “The Cross and the Towers,” fol- lowed by patriotic music and MYRTLE CREEK sing-alongs with musicians Mark Baratta and Scott Van Local artist’s work Atta. hangs at gallery The event is free, but dona- Myrtle Creek artist Darlene tions for musicians’ expenses Musgrave is the featured artist are welcome. Refreshments at Ye Olde Art Shoppe. will be served. An artist’s reception for Information: 541-643-1636. Musgrave will be held from 10 a.m. -
An Ankylosaurid Dinosaur from Mongolia with in Situ Armour and Keratinous Scale Impressions
An ankylosaurid dinosaur from Mongolia with in situ armour and keratinous scale impressions VICTORIA M. ARBOUR, NICOLAI L. LECH−HERNES, TOM E. GULDBERG, JØRN H. HURUM, and PHILIP J. CURRIE Arbour, V.M., Lech−Hernes, N.L., Guldberg, T.E., Hurum, J.H., and Currie P.J. 2013. An ankylosaurid dinosaur from Mongolia with in situ armour and keratinous scale impressions. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 58 (1): 55–64. A Mongolian ankylosaurid specimen identified as Tarchia gigantea is an articulated skeleton including dorsal ribs, the sacrum, a nearly complete caudal series, and in situ osteoderms. The tail is the longest complete tail of any known ankylosaurid. Remarkably, the specimen is also the first Mongolian ankylosaurid that preserves impressions of the keratinous scales overlying the bony osteoderms. This specimen provides new information on the shape, texture, and ar− rangement of osteoderms. Large flat, keeled osteoderms are found over the pelvis, and osteoderms along the tail include large keeled osteoderms, elongate osteoderms lacking distinct apices, and medium−sized, oval osteoderms. The specimen differs in some respects from other Tarchia gigantea specimens, including the morphology of the neural spines of the tail club handle and several of the largest osteoderms. Key words: Dinosauria, Ankylosauria, Ankylosauridae, Tarchia, Saichania, Late Cretaceous, Mongolia. Victoria M. Arbour [[email protected]] and Philip J. Currie [[email protected]], Department of Biological Sciences, CW 405 Biological Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E9; Nicolai L. Lech−Hernes [nicolai.lech−[email protected]], Bayerngas Norge, Postboks 73, N−0216 Oslo, Norway; Tom E. Guldberg [[email protected]], Fossekleiva 9, N−3075 Berger, Norway; Jørn H. -
The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs, Second Edition
MASS ESTIMATES - DINOSAURS ETC (largely based on models) taxon k model femur length* model volume ml x specific gravity = model mass g specimen (modeled 1st):kilograms:femur(or other long bone length)usually in decameters kg = femur(or other long bone)length(usually in decameters)3 x k k = model volume in ml x specific gravity(usually for whole model) then divided/model femur(or other long bone)length3 (in most models femur in decameters is 0.5253 = 0.145) In sauropods the neck is assigned a distinct specific gravity; in dinosaurs with large feathers their mass is added separately; in dinosaurs with flight ablity the mass of the fight muscles is calculated separately as a range of possiblities SAUROPODS k femur trunk neck tail total neck x 0.6 rest x0.9 & legs & head super titanosaur femur:~55000-60000:~25:00 Argentinosaurus ~4 PVPH-1:~55000:~24.00 Futalognkosaurus ~3.5-4 MUCPv-323:~25000:19.80 (note:downsize correction since 2nd edition) Dreadnoughtus ~3.8 “ ~520 ~75 50 ~645 0.45+.513=.558 MPM-PV 1156:~26000:19.10 Giraffatitan 3.45 .525 480 75 25 580 .045+.455=.500 HMN MB.R.2181:31500(neck 2800):~20.90 “XV2”:~45000:~23.50 Brachiosaurus ~4.15 " ~590 ~75 ~25 ~700 " +.554=~.600 FMNH P25107:~35000:20.30 Europasaurus ~3.2 “ ~465 ~39 ~23 ~527 .023+.440=~.463 composite:~760:~6.20 Camarasaurus 4.0 " 542 51 55 648 .041+.537=.578 CMNH 11393:14200(neck 1000):15.25 AMNH 5761:~23000:18.00 juv 3.5 " 486 40 55 581 .024+.487=.511 CMNH 11338:640:5.67 Chuanjiesaurus ~4.1 “ ~550 ~105 ~38 ~693 .063+.530=.593 Lfch 1001:~10700:13.75 2 M. -
External Anatomy
SALMONIDS IN THE CLASSROOM: SALMON DISSECTION EXTERNAL ANATOMY Shape l Salmon are streamlined to move easily through water. Water has much more resistance to movement than air does, so it takes more energy to move through water. A streamlined shape saves the fish energy. Fins l Salmon have eight fins including the tail. They are made up of a fan of bone- like spines with a thin skin stretched between them. The fins are embedded in the salmon’s muscle, not linked to other bones, as limbs are in people. This gives them a great deal of flexibility and manoeuverability. l Each fin has a different function. The caudal or tail, is the largest and most powerful. It pushes from side to side and moves the fish forward in a wavy path. l The dorsal fin acts like a keel on a ship. It keeps the fish upright, and it also controls the direction the fish moves in. l The anal fin also helps keep the fish stable and upright. l The pectoral and pelvic fins are fused for steering and for balance. They can also move the fish up and down in the water. l The adipose fin has no known function. It is sometimes clipped off in hatchery fish to help identify the fish when they return or are caught. Slime l Many fish, including salmon, have a layer of slime covering their body. The slime layer helps fish to: ¡ slip away from predators, such as bears. ¡ slip over rocks to avoid injuries ¡ slide easily through water when swimming ¡ protect them from fungi, parasites, disease and pollutants in the water Scales Remove a scale by scraping backwards with a knife. -
Therizinosaurus Cheloniformis
3-EURO-SUPERSAURS THERIZINOSAURUS CHELONIFORMIS Series Supersaurs Appearances can be deceptive. Weighing five tons, up to ten metres tall and boas- ting sharp claws that were longer than those of any other land animal that has ever Face value ¤ 3 existed, the Therizinosaurus was not as dangerous as it looked. The subject of the Date of Issue 17 February 2021 sixth coin in the superlative Supersaurs series was actually a vegetarian and its claws Design K. Kuntner/ H. Andexlinger more suited to detaching vegetation than attacking the other animals that roamed Diameter 34 mm the planet some 70 million years ago. Quality Uncirculated Mintage 65,000 As a theropod, Therizinosaurus cheloniformis was not only distantly related to pre- Alloy Coloured metal dators such as Tyrannosaurus rex but also to present-day birds. Originally carnivor- Total Weight 16.00 g ous, over time the Therizinosaurus changed its diet and became a pure herbivore. Edge Plain During the late Cretaceous period, it lived in areas of the northern continent of Colour application, glow in the dark, Laurasia that now correspond to North America, China and Mongolia. Up to one no packaging. metre in length, flat, curved and pointed at the end, the dinosaur’s claws are re- sponsible for its nickname, ‘scythe lizard’. They were used primarily to reach high Recommended branches in trees as well as perhaps for self-defence. Well preserved remains of one initial issue price: ¤ 12.60 (incl. 20% VAT) of its close relatives have suggested that, rather surprisingly, the Therizinosaurus was also partially feathered. WITH COIN MOTIF COLOURED GLOW-IN-THE-DARK Therizinosaurus features all 12 of the extreme prehistoric animals in the Supersaurs EFFECT series in silhouette on its obverse, while a colour-printed Therizinosaurus is shown in its native prehistoric habitat next to a nest full of eggs on the coin’s glow-in-the- dark reverse. -
Laurel Wilt Strikes Lake Park Bay Trees
rѮJSERVBSUFSTVSHFMJѫT8PMGQBDL PWFS7JLJOHTr-BUFTDPSJOHESJWF HJWFT&BTU#MBEFOXJOPWFS (BUPSTr-BEZ1BDLUBLFTUFOOJTWJD Sports UPSZPWFS4$)44FFQBHF# ThePublished News since 1890 every Monday and Tursday forReporter the County of Columbus and her people. Monday, August 29, 2011 Department Volume 121, Number 17 of Aging losses Whiteville, North Carolina 50 Cents exceed $800,000 nCommissioners meet Tuesday to Inside Today discuss cuts. By NICOLE CARTRETTE 4-A Staff Writer r'SPHTBZTIFXJMM TVSSFOEFSUPEBZ The Columbus County Department of Ag- ing (DOA) has yet to disclose in clear detail 9-A the circumstances surrounding what officials r$PVOUZTQSPQFSUZ reported in July as a $500,000 loss in the depart- UBYEJTDPVOUFOET ment’s in-home services division. At least one income statement from the 8FEOFTEBZ county finance office indicates that aging’s losses actually totaled $816,014, as of June 30. While the department posted revenues of more than $2.5 million, expenses totaled nearly $3.4 million. The department’s $193,314 fund balance was wiped out, leaving a new fund balance of negative $622,700, according to the income statement provided by the county. Friday, County Finance Officer Bobbie Staff photo by Les High Faircloth could not answer questions about the Whiteville resident Emory Worley works to clear debris from a tree that Hurricane Irene’s winds department’s loss but did say the department toppled onto his house. had reported new income exceeding $300,000 but it is unclear what the department’s finan- cial condition will look like in coming months Today’s as the county had made no changes at the American Profle fea- department to curb mounting losses. -
Nurse Aide Wins Battle with Snake 911 EVENT
911 EVENT *OJUTOFYUJTTVF Te r1BUSJPUTUBLFXJOPWFS8PMGQBDL r4UBMMJPOTGBMMTIPSUBU-PSJTr4DPSQJ News ReporterUBLFT POTIBOE(BUPSTUIJSETUSBJHIUMPTT BMPPLBUIPX9/11 r)PCCUPOOJQT7JLJOHTr4$)4TQJL JNQBDUFE$PMVNCVT FSTTUBZVOCFBUFOr-BEZ1BDLOFUUFST Next ISSUE $PVOUZSFTJEFOUT Sports FEHF8FTU#SVOTXJDLSee page 1-B. ThePublished News since 1890 every Monday and Tursday forReporter the County of Columbus and her people. Monday, September 5, 2011 More debt Tire company for county Volume 121, Number 19 Whiteville, North Carolina water district; may roll into 50 Cents closed session Brunswick Tuesday By NICOLE CARTRETTE County Inside Today Staff Writer 4-A By NICOLE CARTRETTE More debt for one water Staff Writer r3PCCFSZJO district and a closed session for #FBWFSEBNFBSMJFS attorney client privilege are A project code named “Project Soccer” that among a number of items on could bring as many as 1,500 to the Columbus UPEBZ the Columbus County commis- County border via the establishment of a facil- sioners’ agenda for Tuesday ity on property in Brunswick County doesn’t night. appear to be so much of a secret anymore. Commissioners regular Last week, the N.C. Rural Center earmarked meeting night (Monday) was $1.43 million toward an incentive for the un- Labor Day so the board moved disclosed company but over the weekend there its meeting to Tuesday. was a lot of talk among various media outlets The board will consider a about Continental Tire being the undisclosed resolution related to a $1.9 mil- company. lion project that will intercon- State incentives for an undisclosed com- nect Water District II to Water pany that is eyeing a more than 400 acre District I. Brunswick County site near the Columbus Several months ago com- County border could be at the forefront of missioners proposed seeking legislative talks when the N.C. -
Threat-Protection Mechanics of an Armored Fish
JOURNALOFTHEMECHANICALBEHAVIOROFBIOMEDICALMATERIALS ( ) ± available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jmbbm Research paper Threat-protection mechanics of an armored fish Juha Songa, Christine Ortiza,∗, Mary C. Boyceb,∗ a Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, RM 134022, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA b Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ARTICLEINFO ABSTRACT Article history: It has been hypothesized that predatory threats are a critical factor in the protective functional design of biological exoskeletons or “natural armor”, having arisen through evolutionary processes. Here, the mechanical interaction between the ganoid armor of the predatory fish Polypterus senegalus and one of its current most aggressive threats, a Keywords: toothed biting attack by a member of its own species (conspecific), is simulated and studied. Exoskeleton Finite element analysis models of the quadlayered mineralized scale and representative Polypterus senegalus teeth are constructed and virtual penetrating biting events simulated. Parametric studies Natural armor reveal the effects of tooth geometry, microstructure and mechanical properties on its ability Armored fish to effectively penetrate into the scale or to be defeated by the scale, in particular the Mechanical properties deformation of the tooth versus that of the scale during a biting attack. Simultaneously, the role of the microstructure of the scale in defeating threats as well as providing avenues of energy dissipation to withstand biting attacks is identified. Microstructural length scale and material property length scale matching between the threat and armor is observed. Based on these results, a summary of advantageous and disadvantageous design strategies for the offensive threat and defensive protection is formulated. -
Cranial Osteology of Beipiaosaurus Inexpectus
第57卷 第2期 古 脊 椎 动 物 学 报 pp. 117–132 figs. 1–3 2019年4月 VERTEBRATA PALASIATICA DOI: 10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.190115 Cranial osteology of Beipiaosaurus inexpectus (Theropoda: Therizinosauria) LIAO Chun-Chi1,2,3 XU Xing1,2* (1 Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 * Corresponding author: [email protected]) (2 CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Beijing 100044) (3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049) Abstract Beipiaosaurus inexpectus, a key taxon for understanding the early evolution of therizinosaurians, has not been fully described since it was briefly reported on by Xu, Tang and Wang in 1999. Here we present a detailed description of the cranial anatomy of the holotype of this theropod dinosaur. B. inexpectus is unique in some of its cranial features such as the postorbital process of the frontal is large and its abrupt transition from the orbital rim, a long and sharp anterior process of the parietal, the elongate ventral ramus of the squamosal process of parietal, and external mandibular fenestra deep dorsoventrally and extremely posteriorly located. A number of plesiomorphic cranial features (such as relatively large dentary and less downturned degree of dentary symphysis) suggest that B. inexpectus is an early-branching Therizinosaurian, as proposed by previous studies. New information derived from our study is not only important for our understanding of the cranial anatomy of B. inexpectus but also significant to the study of the evolution of Therizinosauria. -
Attachment Otago Museum's Report to Contr
2020/21 At a Glance Target: 350,000 Target: 65,000 Target: 15,000 YTD Total: 119,707 YTD Total: 33,269 YTD Total: 7,905 Prior Year YTD: 139,823 Prior Year YTD: 25,681 Prior Year YTD: 5,403 Visitor Numbers Tuhura Paid Admits Planetarium Paid Admits 32,457 10,775 3,070 28,405 9,799 2,356 19,643 19,354 19,848 4,880 4,056 3,759 1,023 811 645 JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV 2020 2020 Website Hits People Engaged Through Science Outreach Science Outreach by Region Clutha 20,000 Central Otago 3% 4% Rest of NZ 18,000 6% 1,620 16,000 14,000 1,390 12,000 10,000 969 8,000 777 6,000 594 4,000 2,000 0 Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dunedin 2020 2020 87% 2020/21 At a Glance Target: 10,000 Target: 5,000 Target: 20 YTD Total: 3,844 YTD Total: 5,605 YTD Total: 8 Prior Year YTD: 2,780 Prior Year YTD: 7,932 Prior Year YTD: 22 Collection Items Digitised Student participation in Education Publications Based on Collections Programmes Nov 27 3 3 2,037 Oct 610 Sep 2,168 1,335 2020 951 767 Aug 41 1 1 515 Jul 998 JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 2020 2020 . OTAGO MUSEUM Report to Contributing Local Authorities December 2020 Covering the period 1 October to 30 November 2020 DIRECTOR’S REPORT Eventful is one word which comes to mind when thinking generally about 2020 at the Otago Museum.