Brentano on Judgment
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Janoušek and Rollinger, the Prague School, Cleaned Up
The Prague School Hynek Janoušek and Robin Rollinger The name the “Prague school of Brentano” refers to three generations of thinkers who temporarily or permanently lived in Prague, bound together by teacher/student relationships, and who accepted the main views of Franz Brentano’s philosophy. In 1879 Carl Stumpf (see CHAP. 31) arrived in Prague to take up a professorship of philosophy at the Charles-Ferdinand University. In 1880 Stumpf’s close friend and also a student of Brentano, Anton Marty (see CHAP. 30), became a professor in the same department. This marks the beginning of the Prague School. The presence of Stumpf and Marty was in fact a dramatic shift in orientation first and foremost in the domain of psychology, for Prague had previously been an enclave of Herbartian psychology, which Brentano had criticized in various respects throughout his Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint (Brentano 1874). In a certain sense their presence even harked back to an earlier time in Prague when Bernard Bolzano was developing a theory of science very much in opposition to the Kantianism of his time. Though Brentano’s philosophy was very different from Bolzano’s in many respects, it was no less anti-Kantian. This was very important at that time, for neo-Kantianism was on the rise in the German-speaking world and even beyond, whereas Stumpf and Marty made efforts to combat this kind of philosophy. Though Stumpf’s sojourn in Prague was considerably shorter-lived than Marty’s, Stumpf published the first volume of his Tone Psychology (Stumpf 1883) during that time. -
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ISSN 1918-7351 Volume 12 (2020) Landgrebe’s Reading of Marty: On Name and Proper Name Charlotte Gauvry Ludwig Landgrebe wrote prolifically and his work dealt with various fundamental phenomenological issues. However, my paper will only focus on one specific aspect of his analysis. I will pay attention to the thoughtful analysis regarding the philosophy of language, developed in his 1934 habilitation thesis, Nennfunktion und Wortbedeutung. Eine Studie über Martys Sprachphilosophie.1 The dissertation was written in Prague under the supervision of Oskar Kraus, a former student of Anton Marty.2 The first part is devoted to the analysis of Marty’s philosophy of language and furnishes a precious analytical commentary of his 1908 Untersuchungen zur Grundlegung der allgemeinen Grammatik und Sprachphilosophie.3 The last two parts of the dissertation are more polemical and raise a number of problems in Marty’s theories. Most of these criticisms are directly influenced by the German psychologist and philosopher of language Karl Bühler,4 who was a reader of Marty too and whose Sprachtheorie was also published in 1934.5 Against this background, it makes sense to consider the young Landgrebe as an “indirect member” of the Brentano 1 Ludwig Landgrebe, Nennfunktion und Wortbedeutung. Eine Studie über Martys Sprachphilosophie (Halle: Akademischer Verlag, 1934). English translation is mine. 2 Anton Marty (1847-1914) is a Swiss-born Austrian philosopher who is considered one of the most faithful students of Franz Brentano (whose teaching he followed in Würzburg). He was especially interested in philosophy of language and applied Brentano’s theory to this new field. -
Phenomena and Mental Functions. Karl Bühler and Stumpf's Program
DENIS FISETTE Phenomena and Mental Functions. Karl Bühler and Stumpf’s Program in Psychology1 Should this book fall into the hands of my philosophical colleagues, many of them are likely to quickly put it down again, shaking their heads in dis- approval. It makes no claims in this sense. But the philosopher can after all suck honey from all flowers; I also happen to be certain that the high Queen of the Sciences will never be able to make any genuine progress except by following the path from the particular to the general. C. Stumpf, 1926, p. VII. 1. Bühler and Brentano’s legacy in Vienna In August 1922, Karl Bühler obtained the chair of “Philosophy with special consideration for experimental psychology and pedagogy” at the Univer- sity of Vienna and began his teaching the same year as Robert Reininger and Moritz Schlick, who inherited Brentano’s chair occupied before him by Ernst Mach and Ludwig Boltzmann. In 1922, the situation of philoso- phy in Vienna and Austria was no longer what it once was. Indeed, in the philosophy department at Vienna there were no more full professor after the death of Adolf Stöhr in 1921, and most of those who made the glory of philosophy in Austria have disappeared: A. Meinong in 1921, four years after Brentano’s death, and his student Alois Höfler, who has been largely responsible for the candidature of Bühler in Vienna,2 also died in 1922. The Philosophical Society of the University of Vienna, thanks to some students of Meinong and Brentano in Austria, who had perpetuated the legacy of Brentano Studien 14 (2016), xxx–xxx 192 the latter, now passes into the hands of the neo-Kantian Reininger who will annex it several years later to the Kant-Gesellschaft.3 There is a sense to say that, upon his arrival in Vienna, Bühler assumed Brentano’s legacy. -
Kafka Et Brentano Barry Smith
Document generated on 09/30/2021 9 a.m. Philosophiques Kafka et Brentano Barry Smith La critique de la raison en Europe centrale Article abstract Volume 26, Number 2, automne 1999 There is a narrow thread in the vast literature on Kafka which pertains to Kafka's knowledge of philosophy, and more precisely to Kafka's use in his URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/004986ar fictional writings of some of the main ideas of Franz Brentano. Kafka attended DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/004986ar courses in philosophy at the Charles University given by Brentano's students Anton Marty and Christian von Ehrenfels, and was for several years a member See table of contents of a discussion-group organized by orthodox adherents of the Brentanian philosophy in Prague. The present essay summarizes what is known about Kafka's relations to the Brentanist movement. It draws on Brentanian ideas on the evidence of inner perception, on oblique consciousness, on active Publisher(s) introspection, on correct and incorrect judgment, and on consciousness as a Société de philosophie du Québec species of inner tribunal, in order to throw light on central features of Kafka's writings, including stylistic features. Special attention is directed towards Die Verwandlung and Der Prozess , and a reading of the latter is offered according ISSN to which the trial of Joseph K. occurs entirely within the mind of K. himself. 0316-2923 (print) 1492-1391 (digital) Explore this journal Cite this article Smith, B. (1999). Kafka et Brentano. Philosophiques, 26(2), 349–371. https://doi.org/10.7202/004986ar Tous droits réservés © Société de philosophie du Québec, 2000 This document is protected by copyright law. -
Building a New Thursday Circle Carnap and Frank in Prague
Building a New Thursday Circle Carnap and Frank in Prague Adam Tamas Tuboly Institute of Philosophy, Hungarian Academy of Sciences; University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary [email protected] 1 Building a New Thursday Circle Carnap and Frank in Prague1 1. Introduction When Carnap wrote a short intellectual autobiography for Marcel Boll in March 1933, he mentioned two things about Prague: (1) that he became a professor at the German University in 1931, and (2) that he worked on his Logische Syntax der Sprache until 1933.2 These things are well known. Carnap spent, however, five long years in Prague, just like he did before in Vienna: so, one might ask, whether (1) and (2) indeed sufficiently characterize his Prague- period. Philipp Frank (1949, 45), who was there for almost twenty years when Carnap arrived, wrote that “[f]rom 1931 on we [i.e. Frank and Carnap] had in this way a new center of ‘scientific world conception’ at the University of Prague.” This seems to be much more than what Carnap claimed. Actually Carnap might have had great expectations regarding Prague: the First Conference on the Epistemology of the Exact Sciences, where the Vienna Circle made public its manifesto, was organized by Frank there in 1929; five years later in 1934 the Preliminary Conference of the International Congresses for the Unity of Science was hosted again in Prague. As Jan Sebestik (1994, 205) claimed, “Prague has always been one of the important European centres of learning and of science, and it has often been the forerunner of vast currents or movements, both intellectual and political.” The city also had a long tradition of scientifically oriented philosophical thinking: through Bernard Bolzano, members of the Brentano-School (such as Anton Marty, Tomáš G. -
Brentano's Psychology and Logic and the Basis of Twardowski's Theory
Baltic International Yearbook of Cognition, Logic and Communication Volume 4 200 YEARS OF ANALYTICAL PHILOSOPHY Article 6 2008 Brentano’s Psychology And Logic And The Basis Of Twardowski’s Theory Of Presentations Robin Rollinger University of Salzburg, AT Follow this and additional works at: https://newprairiepress.org/biyclc This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. Recommended Citation Rollinger, Robin (2008) "Brentano’s Psychology And Logic And The Basis Of Twardowski’s Theory Of Presentations," Baltic International Yearbook of Cognition, Logic and Communication: Vol. 4. https://doi.org/10.4148/biyclc.v4i0.130 This Proceeding of the Symposium for Cognition, Logic and Communication is brought to you for free and open access by the Conferences at New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in Baltic International Yearbook of Cognition, Logic and Communication by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Brentano’s Psychology and Logic 2 The Baltic International Yearbook of of his most important lecture courses in psychology, namely the one Cognition, Logic and Communication on “psychognosy” from the winter semester 1890/91, has been pub- lished.7 While the latter is by no means a critical edition, it is certainly August 2009 Volume 4: 200 Years of Analytical Philosophy an improvement over previous editions of materials from Brentano’s pages 1-23 DOI: 10.4148/biyclc.v4i0.130 manuscripts. In addition to these two works, however, other material on psychology is of considerable importance in relation to the topic of presentations. -
Brentano and Kafka
Brentano and Kafka Barry Smith Department of Philosophy SUNY Buffalo [email protected] from Axiomathes 8, 1997, 83–104. For we are like tree trunks in the snow. In appearance they lie sleekly and a little push should be enough to set them rolling. No, it can’t be done, for they are firmly wedded to the ground. But see, even that is only appearance.1 § 1. The Louvre Circle There is a narrow thread in the vast literature on Kafka which pertains to Kafka’s knowledge of philosophy and more precisely to the fruitfulness of attempts to interpret Kafka’s fictional writings in the light of some of the main ideas of Franz Brentano. Such attempts have been roundly dismissed, not least by Max Brod, who denied the role of all theory in Kafka’s writings (Kafka ‘spoke in images because he thought in images’). As Arnold Heidsieck has thoroughly documented in his recent study of the intellectual context of Kafka’s work, however, Kafka’s fictional writings are informed by … academic and public debates during the first decade of the twentieth century on physiology; perceptual, cognitive and linguistic psychology; the philosophy of mind and language; positive law and natural-law theory; criminal procedure; ethics; and religion. (Heidsieck 1994, pp. 2f.) Kafka became apprised of and to some degree involved in such debates not least through his school-friends (including Hugo Bergmann and Emil Utitz), through the courses he attended in philosophy at the Charles University, courses given inter alia by Brentano’s students Anton Marty and Christian von Ehrenfels, and through his three-year membership of a discussion-group organized by orthodox adherents of the Brentanian philosophy in Prague. -
Franz Brentano: Editions, Translations, and Selected Texts
18/09/21, 16:22 Franz Brentano: Editions, translations, and Selected Texts Theory and History of Ontology by Raul Corazzon | e-mail: [email protected] Franz Brentano: Editions, translations, bibliographical resources and selected texts Introduction "An edition of Brentano's literary production in its entirety is not yet available. At present the available works by Brentano divide between the following two types: 1. Works published during his lifetime. 2. Works in his Nachlass. The works which Brentano published during his lifetime, in the form of both books and Essays, represent only a small part of his total output. The books published from the Nachlass divide between: 1. Books edited by orthodox pupils, for instance 0. Kraus, A. Kastil and F. Mayer-Hillebrand, which afford numerous personal insights. 2. Books published since the 1970s. (See F. Mayer-Hillebrand, "Franz Brentanos wissenschaftlicher Nachlass", Zeitschrift für philosophische Forschung 6, 1951-52, 599-603, and by the same author, "Rückblick auf die bisherigen Bestrebungen zur Erhaltung und Verbreitung von Fr. Brentanos philosophischen Lehre und kurze Darstellung dieser Lehren", Zeitschrift fur philosophische Forschung 17, 1963, 146-169; also "Remarks Concerning the Interpretation of the Philosophy of Franz Brentano. A Reply to Dr. Srzednicki", Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 23, 1962-3, 438-44; see also J.C.M. Brentano, "The Manuscripts of Franz Brentano", Revue internationale de philosophie 78, 1966, 477-482). The books belonging to the first category were compiled according to debatable philological criteria, with additions and collages of writings produced in different periods. The considerable arbitrariness of these constructs and the interpretative interpolations made by the editors have not generally benefited the understanding and diffusion of Brentano's thought. -
Hermann Lotze and Franz Brentano
Hermann Lotze and Franz Brentano Nikolay Milkov Abstract: Franz Brentano was not a solitary figure who now know that in the case of Frege it was as an active propounded his philosophy in lonely isolation from other player in the culture of nineteenth-century German phi- contemporary philosophers in Germany, as some neo- losophy that he propounded the innovations in symbolic Brentanists have claimed over the last years. The aim of logic for which he is famous. The same holds for Franz this paper is to correct such misconceptions by establish- Brentano and the introduction of his philosophical psy- ing that Brentano developed his philosophical psychology chology, as we shall see presently by probing and assess- while actively engaged in the rich intellectual-historical ing the historical, epistolary, and textual evidence. and academic context of his time – in particular, under the As opposed to the image of the neo-Brentanists, influence of Hermann Lotze. Specifically, Brentano: (i) Brentano in no way saw himself as an intellectually and adopted from Lotze the idea that judgment is not just an institutionally isolated thinker, and he certainly never rep- association of ideas but an assertion of content; (ii) he resented himself as such. In his most important work, also embraced Lotze’s idea that the content of perception Psychology from an empirical Standpoint, Brentano ad- is something given; (iii) Brentano notion of intentionality, mitted that “his view, at least from one side or the other, too, was inherited from Lotze; (iv) as well as the method had already begun” to be developed by other authors be- of descriptive psychology; (v) finally, Lotze and Brentano fore him (1874, 4). -
Mind and Language: Franz Brentano's Legacy in Prague
MIND AND LANGUAGE: FRANZ BRENTANO'S LEGACY IN PRAGUE COMMEMORATING THE CENTENARY OF THE DEATH OF ANTON MARTY (1847-1914) International Conference, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague (CZ) Vila Lanna MAY 14-16, 2014 Keynote Speaker: Kevin Mulligan (University of Geneva) Confirmed Speakers: Mauro Antonelli (University of Milano-Biccoca) Janette Friedrich (University of Geneva) Laurent Cesalli (Universities of Lille and Geneva) Arek Chrudzimski (University of Szczecin) Denis Fisette (Université du Québec à Montréal) Carlo Ierna (University of Utrecht) Patrick Flack (Charles University, Prague) Marek Nagy (Palacký University, Olomouc) Hamid Taieb (University of Lausanne) Claudio Majolino (University of Lille) Organising Committee: Guillaume Fréchette (University of Salzburg) Hynek Janousek (Institute of Philosophy, Czech Academy of Sciences / Charles University, Prague) Robin Rollinger (Institute of Philosophy, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague) Description The Czech capital played a central role in the philosophy of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. From Bolzano to the school of Brentano, Prague philosophers from the nineteenth and early twentieth- century contributed decisively to the project of a scientific philosophy, characteristic of Austrian philosophy. Thanks to the influence of Prague scientists like Jan Purkyně and Ernst Mach and logicians like Bernard Bolzano, the faculty of philosophy at Charles University soon became a center for the kind of philosophy championed by Franz Brentano. Brentano’s early students, Carl Stumpf (1848-1936) and Anton Marty, were appointed professors in Prague as early as 1879 and 1880 respectively. Thomas Masaryk, also a student of Brentano, was appointed there in 1882, followed by further students of Brentano (Christian von Ehrenfels in 1892, Alois Höfler in 1903 and Oskar Kraus in 1909) who all contributed decisively to the philosophical and scientific programme of Franz Brentano. -
The Rise of the Brentano School
The Rise of the Brentano School Arnaud Dewalque Franz Brentano’s works are not just full of deep and innovative insights into mind, world and values. His views also turned out to be highly influential upon several generations of students, who made them the basis of their own philosophical investigations, giving rise to what is known as the Brentano School (Albertazzi et al. 1996; Fisette & Fréchette 2007). In this chapter, I give a bird’s eye view of the Brentano School from a rather historical perspective. My leading hypothesis is that one crucial factor explaining the rise of the school is Brentano’s unique strategy, within the academic context of the time, to promote the revival of philosophy as a rigorous science. After a brief introduction, I reconstruct the three main phases in the school’s development, namely Brentano’s teaching in Würzburg (1866-73), his teaching in Vienna (1874-95), and Anton Marty’s teaching in Prague (1880-1913). 1. Introduction On a merely factual understanding, the ‘Brentano School’ encompasses all the philosophers who, at a certain stage of their academic path, were Brentano’s students or students’ students. There is evidence that the notion of “school” was used by Brentano and his students in a self-referential fashion at least from 1873 onwards. In his correspondence with Carl Stumpf, Brentano occasionally refers to what he calls “our overall philosophical orientation” or “our school” (Brentano 1989: 44, 128). It is not rare for his students themselves to talk about the ‘Brentano School’, be it to express their debt to Brentano’s teaching or to distance themselves from what they take to be sheer Brentanian orthodoxy.1 The question as to whether the phrase ‘Brentano School’ may be understood in a stronger sense, to name a group of authors whose ‘philosophical orientation’ was roughly the same, is disputable and is better left unanswered at the outset. -
Thomas Binder Franz Brentano Und Sein Philosophischer Nachlass Textologie
Thomas Binder Franz Brentano und sein philosophischer Nachlass Textologie Herausgegeben von Martin Endres, Axel Pichler und Claus Zittel Wissenschaftlicher Beirat: Alexander Becker, Christian Benne, Lutz Danneberg, Sabine Döring, Petra Gehring, Thomas Leinkauf, Enrico Müller, Dirk Oschmann, Alois Pichler, Anita Traninger, Martin Saar, Ruth Sonderegger, Violetta Waibel Band 4 Thomas Binder Franz Brentano und sein philosophischer Nachlass Veröffentlicht mit Unterstützung des Austrian Science Fund (FWF): PUB 557-Z32. ISBN 978-3-11-059579-6 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-059592-5 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-059368-6 Wo nicht anders festgehalten, ist diese Publikation lizenziert unter der Creative-Commons- Lizenz Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbiblio- grafie; detaillierte bibliografische Angaben sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. © 2019 Thomas Binder, publiziert von Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Dieses Buch ist als Open-Access-Publikation verfügbar über www.degruyter.com Druck und Bindung: CPI books GmbH, Leck www.degruyter.com Für Irene, Iris und Judith Inhalt .Einleitung 1 . Franz Brentanos Stellung in derPhilosophiegeschichte 1 . Das Problem der mangelnden Zugänglichkeit von Brentanos Werk 2 . Kurzer Überblick über den Inhalt der einzelnen Kapitel 12 . Die Quellen 15 Teil I FranzBrentano (1838–1917) .Franz Brentanos Leben 23 ..Zum Stand der biographischenForschung 23 . Die Aschaffenburger Brentanos 28 . JugendjahreinAschaffenburg: „Im Banne der katholischen Weltanschauung“ 36 . Studiumund Habilitation 39 . Würzburg: Zwischen zwei feindlichen Mühlsteinen zerrieben 64 . Die frühen WienerJahre: „Augenblicklich bin ich sehr von den Studien abgezogen. Mein großes Anliegen nähert sich der Krise“ 99 .