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Thomas Binder Franz Brentano Und Sein Philosophischer Nachlass Textologie Thomas Binder Franz Brentano und sein philosophischer Nachlass Textologie Herausgegeben von Martin Endres, Axel Pichler und Claus Zittel Wissenschaftlicher Beirat: Alexander Becker, Christian Benne, Lutz Danneberg, Sabine Döring, Petra Gehring, Thomas Leinkauf, Enrico Müller, Dirk Oschmann, Alois Pichler, Anita Traninger, Martin Saar, Ruth Sonderegger, Violetta Waibel Band 4 Thomas Binder Franz Brentano und sein philosophischer Nachlass Veröffentlicht mit Unterstützung des Austrian Science Fund (FWF): PUB 557-Z32. ISBN 978-3-11-059579-6 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-059592-5 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-059368-6 Wo nicht anders festgehalten, ist diese Publikation lizenziert unter der Creative-Commons- Lizenz Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbiblio- grafie; detaillierte bibliografische Angaben sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. © 2019 Thomas Binder, publiziert von Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Dieses Buch ist als Open-Access-Publikation verfügbar über www.degruyter.com Druck und Bindung: CPI books GmbH, Leck www.degruyter.com Für Irene, Iris und Judith Inhalt .Einleitung 1 . Franz Brentanos Stellung in derPhilosophiegeschichte 1 . Das Problem der mangelnden Zugänglichkeit von Brentanos Werk 2 . Kurzer Überblick über den Inhalt der einzelnen Kapitel 12 . Die Quellen 15 Teil I FranzBrentano (1838–1917) .Franz Brentanos Leben 23 ..Zum Stand der biographischenForschung 23 . Die Aschaffenburger Brentanos 28 . JugendjahreinAschaffenburg: „Im Banne der katholischen Weltanschauung“ 36 . Studiumund Habilitation 39 . Würzburg: Zwischen zwei feindlichen Mühlsteinen zerrieben 64 . Die frühen WienerJahre: „Augenblicklich bin ich sehr von den Studien abgezogen. Mein großes Anliegen nähert sich der Krise“ 99 . Die späteren Wiener Jahre: „Capitis Deminutio“ 119 . Halb in Italien, halb in Österreich lebend: Florenz und Schönbühel 133 . Zürich: Die letzten Jahre 147 . „Bei mir scheinen äußere Ereignisse es dahin kommen zu lassen, dassgar manches, wasich meinen Mitbrüdern Gutes hättegeben können, verloren geht“ 150 .Die Psychologie vom empirischen Standpunkte: Ein „gescheiterter“ Klassiker? 156 . Die PeS als „Gelegenheitswerk“ 158 . Die PeS als Torso 161 . Gibt es systematische Gründe für den Abbruch der Arbeit an der PeS? 172 . Auf dem Wegzur deskriptiven Psychologie 226 VIII Inhalt Teil II Der Nachlassund seine Geschichte .Die Erben: Gio Brentano, Oskar Kraus und Alfred Kastil 235 .Kraus undKastil als Editoren der Schriften Brentanos 256 .Die Prager Brentano-Gesellschaft 265 .Das Brentano InstituteinOxford 281 .FranziskaMayer-Hillebrand: Herausgeberin und Biographin Brentanos 293 .Roderick M. Chisholm: Brentano als analytischer Philosoph 309 .Der gegenwärtige Stand und waszutun bleibt 319 Teil III Anhang Anhang :Zeittafel Franz Brentano 327 Anhang :Zeittafel Nachlass 332 Anhang :Uneingelöste Publikationsankündigungen Brentanos 340 Anhang :Verzeichnisder benutzten unveröffentlichten Archivdokumente 344 Anhang :Werkmanuskripte aus dem Nachlass Brentanos 352 Anhang :Historische Verzeichnisse 371 Anhang :Sonstige unveröffentlichte Dokumente zumNachlass 445 Anhang :Standorte der einzelnen Teilnachlässe heute 468 Literaturverzeichnis 471 Personenregister 487 Sachregister 496 Danksagung 504 1. Einleitung 1.1 Franz Brentanos Stellung in der Philosophiegeschichte Die Beurteilungder Stellung Franz Brentanos in der Philosophiegeschichts- schreibungist schwankend. Kaum zu überschätzenist die Bedeutung Brentanos und seiner Philosophie naturgemäßinden Augen seiner orthodoxenSchüler.So schreibt OskarKraus, einer der glühendsten Anhänger,imVorwort zu dem von ihm 1924 neu herausgegebenen Hauptwerk Brentanos,der Psychologie vom em- pirischen Standpunkt: Die zunehmende Beachtung, die Brentanos Schriften aufsich ziehen, hat ihren Grund aber nicht etwa nur in ihrer historischen Bedeutung; es ist vielmehr ihr innerer Wert,der sie in dem wissenschaftlichen Daseinskampfe den Sieg über Lehrmeinungendavon tragen läßt, vondenen sie vorlängst als ,überwunden‘ und ,veraltet‘ ausgegeben worden sind.¹ Das gegenteilige Extrem stelltetwa Herbert Schnädelbachs Geschichte der Philo- sophie in Deutschland von 1831bis 1933 dar,inder Brentanos Name erst garnicht auftaucht.² Ein differenzierteres Urteil findet sich dagegen beiWolfgangSteg- müller. In seinen weitverbreiteten Hauptströmungen der Gegenwartsphilosophie schreibt er über Brentano: Die Bedeutungder Brentanoschen Untersuchungenfür die Philosophie der Gegenwart wird immer noch außerordentlich unterschätzt; es besteht ein merkwürdigesMißverhältnis zwi- schen der großen tatsächlichenAuswirkung Brentanos aufdie heutige Philosophie und der verhältnismäßiggeringenBeachtung, die seine Theorien im gegenwärtigenLehr- und For- schungsbetrieb finden. Und doch laufen bei Brentano die Fäden zusammen,die zu den verschiedenartigsten Richtungenführen[…]³. Erst unlängst haben Mauro Antonelli und WernerSauer diese Einschätzungbe- stätigt: „Für[Brentanos] Philosophie gilt immer noch, wenngleich nicht mehr in demselben Ausmaß, WolfgangStegmüllers vor60Jahren getroffene Feststellung, Kraus 1924,XII. Brentanos Psychologie wirdinder Folgeals PeS zitiert. Vgl. Schnädelbach 1983/2008. Es ließen sich noch einigeweitere Philosophiegeschichten an- führen, die diese „Unsichtbarkeit“ Brentanos belegen. Stegmüller1978, 1. Die wichtige Position, die Stegmüller Brentano zuweist,zeigt sich auch darin, dass er das Brentano-Kapitel ganzanden Anfangseiner Darstellung der Gegenwartsphi- losophie stellt. Als Schüler vonFranziskaMayer-Hillebrand könnte man Stegmüller selbst zur viertenGeneration der Brentano-Schule zählen. Zu Mayer-Hillebrand siehe untenausführlich 267–280. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110595925-002 2 1. Einleitung nicht die ihr gebührende Achtung zu finden.“⁴ Diese Relativierung „wenngleich nicht mehr in demselbenAusmaß“ ließe sich vielleicht aufdie Tatsache beziehen, dass die Brentano-Forschung zwar nicht jeneAusmaße angenommen hat wie etwa die Husserl- oder Wittgenstein-Industrien, dass sie aber durchaus als le- bendig zu bezeichnen ist⁵ – was zu einem kleineren Teil damit zusammenhängen mag,dass sich 2017 Brentanos Todestag zum hundertsten Male gejährt hat⁶. 1.2 DasProblem der mangelnden Zugänglichkeit von Brentanos Werk Diese schwankende Einschätzungvon Brentanos philosophiegeschichtlicher Relevanz hängt nicht zuletzt damit zusammen, dass der Rezeptionseines Werkes ein ganz spezifisches Hindernis entgegensteht,nämlich dessenbeschränkte Zu- gänglichkeit in seiner authentischen Form. Wiehinlänglich bekannt sein dürfte, hat Brentano selbst vergleichsweisewenig publiziert,wenngleich auch dieses Wenigevon großem Einfluss war.Neben den Schriften zu Aristoteles⁷ wären hier vorallem die Psychologie vom empirischen Standpunkte (1874)und VomUrsprung Antonelli/Sauer 2014,XII. Eine Variante, die die Bewertungvon Kraus und Stegmüller ver- bindet,findet sich bei Dale Jacquette: „Brentano is among the most importantyet under-appre- ciated philosophers of the latenineteenth and earlytwentieth centuries“.(Jacquette (2004b), 1. Und, ganz aktuell, Uriah Kriegel: „Brentano’sthoughtishistoricallyrich and yetbears striking relevance to manycurrent daydebates – and the ambit of his influence,sometimes overt but often subterranean, is striking.“ Kriegel 2017,1. Für die Zeitspanne seit dem Jahrtausendwechsel wären hier etwa die ausschließlich Brentano gewidmeten SammelbändeJacquette2004a, Tanasescu 2012 und Fisette/Fréchette2013 sowie die Monographien vonAntonelli 2001,Chrudzimski 2004/2012,Albertazzi 2006 und Tassone 2012 zu nennen. Die Aufsätze zu Brentano sind natürlich zu zahlreich, um hier angeführt zu werden. Nicht zu vergessen sind natürlichdie vonWilhelm Baumgartner und Guillaume Fréchette herausge- gebenen Brentano-Studien,derenXV. Band 2018 erschienenist. Pünktlich zum Jubiläum gabz.B.Uriah Kriegel bei Routledge ein Brentano-Handbook heraus, das mit annähernd vierzigBeiträgen fast alle Bereiche vonBrentanos Denken abdeckt (vgl. Kriegl 2017). Sowohl Die mannigfache Bedeutung des Seienden nach Aristoteles,Brentanos Dissertation von 1862, als auch Die Psychologie des Aristoteles,insbesondere seine Lehre vom Nous Poietikos,seine 1867publizierteHabilitationsschrift,sind bedeutende, auch heutenoch anerkannte Beiträgezur Aristoteles-Forschung; umstrittener sind hingegenseine beiden Aristoteles-Publikationen von 1911, Aristoteles und seine Weltanschauung und Aristoteles Lehre vom Ursprung des menschlichen Geistes. Erst kürzlich hat sich Janina Drucksineiner Monographie ausführlich mit Brentanos Interpretation der aristotelischen Seelenlehrebefasst (vgl. Drucks 2016). 1.2 DasProblem der mangelnden Zugänglichkeit von BrentanosWerk 3 sittlicher Erkenntnis (1889)⁸ zu nennen, die beide zu Klassikern der philosophi- schen Literatur avanciert sind. Nach dem Erscheinenseiner PeS hat Brentano zwei Jahrzehnte hindurch seine philosophischen Überlegungen mit Ausnahme einiger veröffentlichter Vorträgenur noch in seinen Vorlesungen publik gemacht; nach seinem Abgang vonder Universität Wien 1894 veröffentlichteerzwar noch einige kleinere Arbeiten zur Sinnespsychologie und vorallem zu Aristoteles,⁹ darüber hinaus beschränkte er sich aber aufdie mündliche und briefliche Mitteilung seiner sich immer wieder wandelnden Ansichten an einen kleinenauserwählten Kreis vonAnhängern und Schülern. Diese publizistische Zurückhaltung führte schon unter der ersten Generation vonBrentanos Schülern, die immerhin selbst
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