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CONTENTS Foreword xi Acknowledgements xiv Acronyms xviii Introduction 1 1 A terrorist attack in Italy 3 2 A scandal shocks Western Europe 15 3 The silence of NATO, CIA and MI6 25 4 The secret war in Great Britain 38 5 The secret war in the United States 51 6 The secret war in Italy 63 7 The secret war in France 84 8 The secret war in Spain 103 9 The secret war in Portugal 114 10 The secret war in Belgium 125 11 The secret war in the Netherlands 148 12 The secret war in Luxemburg 165 ix 13 The secret war in Denmark 168 14 The secret war in Norway 176 15 The secret war in Germany 189 16 The secret war in Greece 212 17 The secret war in Turkey 224 Conclusion 245 Chronology 250 Notes 259 Select bibliography 301 Index 303 x FOREWORD At the height of the Cold War there was effectively a front line in Europe. Winston Churchill once called it the Iron Curtain and said it ran from Szczecin on the Baltic Sea to Trieste on the Adriatic Sea. Both sides deployed military power along this line in the expectation of a major combat. The Western European powers created the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) precisely to fight that expected war but the strength they could marshal remained limited. The Soviet Union, and after the mid-1950s the Soviet Bloc, consistently had greater numbers of troops, tanks, planes, guns, and other equipment. This is not the place to pull apart analyses of the military balance, to dissect issues of quantitative versus qualitative, or rigid versus flexible tactics. -
Deutscher Bundestag 124. Sitzung
Deutscher Bundestag 124. Sitzung Bonn, den 28. September 1960 Inhalt: Nachruf auf die Abg. Dr. Becker, Jahn und Fragestunde (Drucksachen 2077, zu 2077) Rasch 7159 A Frage des Abg. Dr. Arndt: Die Abg. Rodiek, Freiherr von Kühlmann- Unterbringung des Bundesverfassungs- gerichts Stumm und Altvater treten in den Bun- destag ein 7159 D Dr.-Ing. Balke, Bundesminister . 7162 B Glückwünsche zu den Geburtstagen der Abg. Dr. von Haniel-Niethammer, Brand, Frage des Abg. Ritzel: Frau Welter, Heye, Dr. Steinmetz, Felder, Dr. Königswarter, Dr. Burgbacher, Keller Steuerverpflichtungen deutscher Ben- und Dr. Atzenroth . 7 160 A zingesellschaften Dr. Hettlage, Staatssekretär . 7162 D, Begrüßung einer Delegation des Irischen 7163 A, B Parlaments 7173 B Ritzel (SPD) . 7163 A, B Übertritt der Abg. Frau Kalinke, Dr. von Merkatz, Dr. Preiß, Dr. Preusker, Probst Frage des Abg. Dr. Fritz (Ludwigshafen) : (Freiburg), Dr. Ripken, Dr.-Ing. Seebohm, Dr. Schild und Dr. Steinmetz von der Zollbescheide für Mineralöl Fraktion der Deutschen Partei zur Frak- tion der CDU/CSU 7173 C Dr. Hettlage, Staatssekretär . 7163 B Konstituierung der Gruppe Deutsche Partei 7173 C Frage des Abg. Dr. Fritz (Ludwigshafen) : Beförderungsmöglichkeiten im mittle- Wahl des Abg. Dr. Dehler zum Vizepräsi- ren Dienst der Zollverwaltung denten Dr. Hettlage, Staatssekretär . 7163 C, Dr. Mende (FDP) . 7174 A 7164 A, B Brück (CDU/CSU) . 7164 A Begrüßung einer Delegation des Parlaments von Ghana . 7180 A Lulay (CDU/CSU) . 7164 B II Deutscher Bundestag — 3. Wahlperiode -- 124. Sitzung. Bonn, Mittwoch, den 28. September 1960 Frage des Abg. Dr. Kohut: Dr. Brecht (SPD) . 7168 D Baier (Mosbach) (CDU/CSU) Zahl der Beamten und Angestellten . 7169 A der Arbeitsämter Seuffert (SPD) . -
Anti-Nazi Exiles German Socialists in Britain and Their Shifting Alliances 1933-1945
Anti-Nazi Exiles German Socialists in Britain and their Shifting Alliances 1933-1945 by Merilyn Moos Anti-Nazi Exiles German Socialists in Britain and their Shifting Alliances 1933-1945 by Merilyn Moos Community Languages Published by Community Languages, 2021 Anti-Nazi Exiles, by Merilyn Moos, published by the Community Languages is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Front and rear cover images copyright HA Rothholz Archive, University of Brighton Design Archives All other images are in the public domain Front and rear cover illustrations: Details from "Allies inside Germany" by H A Rothholz Born in Dresden, Germany, Rothholz emigrated to London with his family in 1933, to escape the Nazi regime. He retained a connection with his country of birth through his involvement with émigré organisations such as the Free German League of Culture (FGLC) in London, for whom he designed a series of fundraising stamps for their exhibition "Allies Inside Germany" in 1942. Community Languages 53 Fladgate Road London E11 1LX Acknowledgements We would like to thank Ian Birchall, Charmian Brinson, Dieter Nelles, Graeme Atkinson, Irena Fick, Leonie Jordan, Mike Jones, University of Brighton Design Archives. This work would not have been publicly available if it had not been for the hard work and friendship of Steve Cushion to whom I shall be forever grateful. To those of us who came after and carry on the struggle Table of Contents Left-wing German refugees who came to the UK before and during the Second -
Opera by the Book: Defining Music Theater in the Third Reich
Opera by the Book: Defining Music Theater in the Third Reich The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Pollock, Emily Richmond. “Opera by the Book: Defining Music Theater in the Third Reich.” The Journal of musicology 35 (2018): 295-335 © 2018 The Author As Published https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/JM.2018.35.3.295 Publisher University of California Press Version Author's final manuscript Citable link https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/125555 Terms of Use Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike Detailed Terms http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ 1 Opera by the Book: Defining Music Theater in the Third Reich EMILY RICHMOND POLLOCK What was “Nazi opera”? Scholars have long critiqued the most common tropes regarding the aesthetics of opera during the Third Reich—Richard Wagner around the clock, enforced militaristic kitsch, neo-Romantic bombast—and rejected the idea that the Reich’s bureaucratic efforts to control culture had as homogenizing an effect on German music as historians once thought.1 These tropes, which strategically alienated “Nazi music” from the historical teleology of Classical music and our common sense of musical “quality,” further enabled other, more pernicious myths to flourish: that great music is always autonomous, not political; that “Nazi” art (debased, instrumentalized) was something obviously distinct from “German” art (great, A version of this essay was first presented at the MIT Works in Progress Series and at the annual meeting of the American Musicological Society in Pittsburgh (November 2013). -
Jay Lovestone Papers, 1904-1989
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf4q2nb077 No online items Register of the Jay Lovestone Papers, 1904-1989 Processed by Grace M. Hawes and Hoover Institution Archives Staff Hoover Institution Archives Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-6010 Phone: (650) 723-3563 Fax: (650) 725-3445 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.hoover.org/library-and-archives/ © 2008 Hoover Institution Archives. All rights reserved. Register of the Jay Lovestone 75091 1 Papers, 1904-1989 Register of the Jay Lovestone Papers, 1904-1989 Hoover Institution Archives Stanford University Stanford, California Contact Information Hoover Institution Archives Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-6010 Phone: (650) 723-3563 Fax: (650) 725-3445 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.hoover.org/library-and-archives/ Processed by: Grace M. Hawes and Hoover Institution Archives Staff Date Completed: 1980; revised 1995, 2008 Encoded by: Brooke Dykman Dockter and ByteManagers using OAC finding aid conversion service specifications © 2008 Hoover Institution Archives. All rights reserved. Descriptive Summary Title: Jay Lovestone Papers, Date (inclusive): 1904-1989 Collection number: 75091 Creator: Lovestone, Jay Collection Size: 895 manuscript boxes, 4 oversize boxes, 49 envelopes, 2 phonotape reels, 1 framed map (364 linear feet) Repository: Hoover Institution Archives Stanford, California 94305-6010 Abstract: Correspondence, reports, memoranda, bulletins, clippings, serial issues, pamphlets, other printed matter, and photographs, relating to the Communist International, the communist movement in the United States and elsewhere, communist influence in American and foreign trade unions, and organized labor movements in the United States and abroad. Physical location: Hoover Institution Archives Language: English. Access Collection open for research. -
Inhaltsverzeichnisÿ
Iÿ Inhaltsverzeichnisÿ 1ÿGründungÿundÿAnfänge 1 1.1ÿArbeitsgemeinschaftÿderÿCDU/CSU 1 1.2ÿZonenausschußÿderÿCDUÿfürÿdieÿbritischeÿZone 4 1.3ÿAltesÿArchivÿ1945ÿ-ÿ1960 6 1.3.1ÿGründungÿderÿBundesrepublik 6 1.3.2ÿCDU 10 1.3.3ÿParteien 20 1.3.4ÿKirchen 26 1.3.5ÿBundesländer 28 1.3.6ÿSowjetischeÿBesatzungszoneÿ/ÿDDR 34 1.3.7ÿStaaten 37 1.3.8ÿInternationaleÿKonferenzenÿundÿVerträge 39 1.3.9ÿPolitikfelderÿAÿbisÿZ 41 1.3.10ÿSachthemenÿAÿbisÿZ 67 2ÿBundesparteitageÿderÿCDUÿ1950ÿ-ÿ1990ÿundÿParteitageÿderÿCDUÿDeutschlands 75 1990ÿ- 2.1ÿBundesparteitageÿderÿCDUÿ1950ÿ-ÿ1990 79 2.1.1ÿDerÿ1.ÿBundesparteitagÿGoslarÿ20.-22.10.1950 79 2.1.2ÿDerÿ2.ÿBundesparteitagÿKarlsruheÿ18.-21.10.1951 82 2.1.3ÿDerÿ3.ÿBundesparteitagÿBerlinÿ17.-19.10.1952 84 2.1.4ÿDerÿ4.ÿBundesparteitagÿHamburgÿ18.-22.04.1953 85 2.1.5ÿDerÿ5.ÿBundesparteitagÿKölnÿ28.-30.05.1954 88 2.1.6ÿDerÿ6.ÿBundesparteitagÿStuttgartÿ26.-29.04.1956 90 2.1.7ÿDerÿ7.ÿBundesparteitagÿHamburgÿ11.-15.05.1957 92 2.1.8ÿDerÿ8.ÿBundesparteitagÿKielÿ18.-21.09.1958 93 2.1.9ÿDerÿ9.ÿBundesparteitagÿKarlsruheÿÿ26.-29.04.1960 95 2.1.10ÿDerÿ10.ÿBundesparteitagÿKölnÿ24.-27.04.1961 96 2.1.11ÿDerÿ11.ÿBundesparteitagÿDortmundÿ02.-05.06.1962 98 2.1.12ÿDerÿ12.ÿBundesparteitagÿHannoverÿ14.-17.03.1964 99 2.1.13ÿDerÿ13.ÿBundesparteitagÿDüsseldorfÿ28.-31.03.1965 103 2.1.14ÿDerÿ14.ÿBundesparteitagÿBonnÿ21.-23.03.1966 105 2.1.15ÿDerÿ15.ÿBundesparteitagÿBraunschweigÿ22.-23.05.1967 106 2.1.16ÿDerÿ16.ÿBundesparteitagÿBerlinÿ04.-07.11.1968 109 2.1.16.1ÿBereichÿLeitung 110 2.1.16.2ÿBereichÿStabsorgane 112 2.1.16.3ÿBereichÿPolitik 112 -
Accepted Manuscript
Listening for the Intimsphäre: Recovering Berlin 1933 through Hans Pfitzner’s Symphony in C-sharp Minor Emily MacGregor On 23 March 1933 Hans Pfitzner’s Symphony in C-sharp Minor, Op. 36a, an orchestral transcription of his String Quartet, Op. 36 (1925), was premiered in Munich. The concert took place during the very early weeks of the Nazi administration, coinciding with the date the Enabling Act was passed, when Adolf Hitler’s political powers became total. A week later, on 30 March, it was performed again by the Philharmonic Orchestra in Berlin. This article tells the story of that second performance at the Philharmonie, a concert where the effects of new Nazi policy and persecution could be felt in an immediate way, and yet one that has completely slipped from our historical consciousness. According to a witness account of events, ten days prior to the Pfitzner concert the Nazi authorities had threatened scenes of violence at the concert hall if Jewish conductor Bruno Walter’s regular concert with the Berlin Philharmonic—part of the “Bruno Walter Series”—were to proceed as usual, triggering Walter’s immediate political exile.1 His replacement by Richard Strauss, who donated his fee to the hard-up orchestra, has been well rehearsed in the secondary literature,2 but was certainly not the only concert affected by Walter’s exit. Due to conductor “reshuffles” (as they were described in one review) between many of the major north-German concert venues in the wake of Walter’s departure,3 at the 30 March Pfitzner concert the composer himself unexpectedly took to the podium at short notice to conduct his new symphony. -
Notes and References
Notes and References 1 Conservative Musical Reaction in the Weimar Republic, 1919-33 I. Alfred Morgenroth (ed.), Hiirt auf Hans Pfitzner! (Berlin, 1938) p.32. 2. Reinhold Zimmermann, 'Der Geist des Internationalism us in der Musik', Deutschlands Erneuerung (Munich), September 1920, p.580. 3. Karl Storck, Die Musik der Gegenwart (Stuttgart, 1922), p.8. 4. Storck, Die Musik, p.205. 5. Storck, Die Musik, pp.165-77. 6. 'Besprechungen', Bayreuther Bliitter, 44 (1921), p.103. 7. 'Besprechungen', Bayreuther Bliitter, 45 (1922), pp.57 and 58, and 47 (1924), p.53. 8. 'Dem ausseren Kampf muss dem inneren vorausgehen. Unser Kampf gilt dem heiligen 1nhalt' ('The internal must precede the external fight. Our fight is a necessary spiritual content') , Bayreuther Bliitter, 4 7 (1924), p.l. 9. Alfred Heuss, 'An die Leser der Zeitschrift fUr Musik', ZJM, October 1921' p.486. 10. Heuss, 'An die Leser' p.486. 11. Alfred Heuss, 'Die musikalische Internationale. Zur Gnindung einer Ortsgruppe Leipzig der "lnternationalen Gesellschaft fUr neue Musik', ZJM, February 1924, pp.49-60. 12. Alfred Heuss, 'Arnold Schoenberg- Preussischer Kompositionslehrer', ZJM, October 1925, pp.583-5. 13. Adolf Hitler, tr. E.S. Dugdale, Mein Kampf(London, 1933), p.225. 14. N.H. Baynes (ed.), The Speeches of Adolf Hitler (London, 1942), vol. 1, pp.66 and 108. 15. 'Die Kulturkrise der Gegenwart', Viilkischer Beobachter, 27 February 1929. 16. Amongst those primarily concerned with attacking cultural modernism were the Nuremberg Feierabendgesellschaft and Munich's Verein fUr kiinstlerische Interesse: see B. Miller Lane, Architecture and Politics in Germany 1918-1945 (Cambridge, Mass., 1968, 2nd edn 1985) p.148. -
Walter Auerbach Sozialpolitik Aus Dem Exil
1 Walter Auerbach Sozialpolitik aus dem Exil Dem Fachbereich Geisteswissenschaften der Universität Duisburg – Essen zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Dr. phil. vorgelegte Dissertation von Ellen Babendreyer Hamburg Erstgutachter: Professor Dr. Peter Alter, Universität Duisburg – Essen Zweitgutachterin: Professor Dr. Margit Szöllösi-Janze, Universität zu Köln Disputation: 30. Mai 2007 2 Vita Walter Auerbach 22. Juli 1905 geboren in Hamburg 1924 Abitur an der Oberrealschule am Holstentor in Hamburg 1924-1929 Studium Geschichte, Germanistik, Soziologie und Zeitungswissenschaft an den Universitäten Hamburg, Freiburg/Breisgau und Köln 1926 Eintritt in die SPD 1929 Promotion (Dr. phil.) an der Universität zu Köln in Zeitungswissenschaft zum Thema Presse und Gruppenbewußtsein. Vorarbeit zur Geschichte der Arbeiterpresse (Titel offiziell nach Publikation 1931) Juni 1929 Heirat mit Käte Paulsen 1930-1933 Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter und ab 1932 Sekretär des Vorsitzenden des Gesamtverbandes der Arbeitnehmer der öffentlichen Betriebe und des Personen- und Warenverkehrs in Berlin Mai 1933 Emigration in die Niederlande Redakteur und wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter bei der Internationalen Transportarbeiterföderation (ITF) August 1933 Geburt von Tochter Leonore, genannt Lore März 1939 Geburt von Tochter Irene Oktober 1939 Emigration nach Großbritannien Fortsetzung der Tätigkeit bei der ITF Oktober 1946 Remigration 1946-1948 Zentralamt für Arbeit in Lemgo (der Manpower Division der Britischen Militärregierung unterstellt) 3 1947-1972 Sozialpolitischer -
Uso De Tópicos De Estilo En La Música De La Alemania Nazi. Friedenstag
ADVERTIMENT. Lʼaccés als continguts dʼaquesta tesi queda condicionat a lʼacceptació de les condicions dʼús establertes per la següent llicència Creative Commons: http://cat.creativecommons.org/?page_id=184 ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis queda condicionado a la aceptación de las condiciones de uso establecidas por la siguiente licencia Creative Commons: http://es.creativecommons.org/blog/licencias/ WARNING. The access to the contents of this doctoral thesis it is limited to the acceptance of the use conditions set by the following Creative Commons license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/?lang=en Uso de tópicos de estilo en la música de la Alemania nazi. Friedenstag Enric Riu i Picón Dirección: Dr. Francesc Cortés Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Departament d’Història de l’Art – Musicologia 2017 Índice Agradecimientos Abreviaturas Estado de la cuestión ………………………………………………... 9 Hipótesis y objetivos ………………………………………………... 19 Metodología …………………………………………………………. 23 Bases estético-filosóficas del nazismo Historia ...................................................................................... 28 Ética ........................................................................................... 41 Estética ....................................................................................... 44 Contexto cultural previo a 1933 Introducción …………………………………………………… 46 Intervención de los nacionalsocialistas en temas de cultura …... 51 La Música en Alemania entre 1933 y 1945 …………………………. 60 La Cámara de Música del Reich -
Ludwig Rosenberg
Ludwig Rosenberg Der Bürger als Gewerkschafter Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie in der Fakultät für Geschichtswissenschaft der Ruhr-Universität Bochum vorgelegt von Frank Ahland Witten 2002 Dann ziehet ein in öden, wüsten Hallen Des Lebens tiefster Sinn und höchstes Gut. Ludwig Rosenberg (1931) Das Leben hat den Sinn, den man ihm gibt. Ludwig Rosenberg (1972) Veröffentlicht mit Genehmigung der Fakultät für Geschichts- wissenschaft der Ruhr-Universität Bochum. Referent Prof. Dr. Klaus Tenfelde Korreferent Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Bleek Tag der mündlichen Prüfung 17. Juli 2002 Inhalt 1 Der Biedermann und der Weltbürger...................................................... 5 2 Zur Biografie eines Gewerkschafters .....................................................11 Auf dem Glatteis der Biografik............................................................................. 15 Bürgerlichkeit als Habitus ....................................................................................18 Sozialisation und Generation ...............................................................................23 Der Biograf als Archäologe.................................................................................. 27 3 Eine deutsch-jüdische Familiengeschichte ..........................................37 Posener Juden zwischen Tradition und Moderne................................................ 38 Drei jüdische Familien auf dem Weg nach Berlin ...............................................51 Neue Heimat am Wilhelmsplatz......................................................................... -
Performing for the Nazis: Foreign Musicians in Germany, 1933-1939
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2015-04-24 Performing for the Nazis: Foreign Musicians in Germany, 1933-1939 Bailey, Robert Warren Bailey, R. W. (2015). Performing for the Nazis: Foreign Musicians in Germany, 1933-1939 (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/27304 http://hdl.handle.net/11023/2167 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Performing for the Nazis: Foreign Musicians in Germany, 1933-1939 by Robert Warren Bailey A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS GRADUATE PROGRAM IN THE SCHOOL OF CREATIVE AND PERFORMING ARTS, MUSIC CALGARY, ALBERTA APRIL, 2015 © Robert Warren Bailey 2015 Abstract This thesis focuses on foreign musicians in Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1939. What place did foreign musical performers have in Germany’s increasingly xenophobic employment market during the 1930s? Likewise, how did the Nazis deal with those musicians, and what margin of manoeuvre were foreigners given to carry out their craft? These are the questions that form the basis of this thesis. To answer them, I examine a collection of primary Reichsmusikkammer (Reich Music Chamber) records that are now held on microfilm in the United States National Archives, grouped under the description “Auftrittsgenehmigungen für Ausländer” (Performance Permits for Foreigners; specifically musicians).