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Stratigraphical Occurrence of Vertebrate Remains in the Upper Devonian of Severnaya Zemlya (Russia)

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Stratigraphical Occurrence of Vertebrate Remains in the Upper Devonian of Severnaya Zemlya (Russia) Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol. 49 (1999), No.2, pp. 125-131 Stratigraphical occurrence of vertebrate remains in the Upper Devonian of Severnaya Zemlya (Russia) ERVINS LUKSEVICS Latvian Museum of Natural History, K. Barona Str. 4, Riga LV 1050, Latvia. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: LUKSEVICS, E. Stratigraphical occurrence of vertebrate remains in the Upper Devonian of Severnaya Zemlya (Russia). Acta Geologica Polonica, 49 (2), 125-131. Warszawa. The stratigraphical distribution of vertebrate remains in the standard section of the Upper Devonian of October Revolution Island of the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago has been studied. Fossil fish and agnathans were collected in 1978 and 1979 from the outcrops of the Matusevich, Vavilov and Malyutka formations along the Matusevich, Bol' shaya and other rivers. The fish fauna consists of representatives of the main taxonomic groups of Devonian vertebrates, i.e., psammosteid heterostracans, placoderms, acan­ thodians, chondrichthyans, porolepiform and osteolepiform "rhipidistians", and dipnoans. S~mmarizing all available data on the distribution of vertebrates, it is possible to suggest a very late Givetian - Frasnian age for the Matusevich Formation, a late Frasnian age of the Vavilov Formation, and a latest Frasnian - early Famennian age for the Malyutka Formation of Severnaya Zemlya. Keywords: Biostratigraphy, Devonian, Arctic region, Vertebrates. INTRODUCTION thoroughly studied groups. The distribution of fish and agnathan remains in relation to the facies The understanding of Upper Devonian verte­ changes of the basin, and the main taphonomical brate assemblages from the Northern Hemisphere is features of the Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian very variable. Fish and agnathans from Scotland vertebrates assemblages have been described and the Baltic sections have been studied for almost (KARATAJOTE-TALIMAA & al. 1983). The Middle two centuries and are well known. However, those and Upper Devonian deposits in October from remote regions of the Russian Arctic were dis­ Revolution Island have not been so completely covered only recently. Abundant remains of fossil studied, particularly the uppermost part of the vertebrates were collected on Octo~r Revolution section. Nevertheless, this part of the section is con­ Island of the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago during sidered to be palaeontologically very important the study of the key section of the Silurian and because of the abundance and good preservation of Devonian in 1978-1979 (KURIK & al. 1982). Until the fossil fishes (KURIK & al. 1982). now the Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian verte­ brates, especially acanthodians (VALIUKEVICIUS 1997), osteostracans (MARK-KuRIK & JANVIER MATERIAL 1995; AFANASSIEVA & KARATAJOTE-TALIMAA 1997; AFANASSIEVA 1998) and thelodonts (KARATAJOTE­ In the northern part of October Revolution TALIMAA & MARss 1997), have been the most Island, large collections of vertebrate remains from 126 ERVINS LUKSEVICS Matusevich have been analysed from 19 levels within the Matusevich Formation; additional mate­ rial from other sites, most probably representing the lowermost part of the same formation (KURIK, pers. comm. ), is under study. The outcrops of the Vavilov Formation, which are composed of red­ coloured sandstone, siltstone, and argillites with rare layers of grey limestone, as well as those of the Malyutka Formation, of similar composition, pro­ .1 vided much poorer fossil material, which has been collected from only 5 levels. The fauna of fishes and agnathans from the Upper Devonian deposits of October Revolution Island in the collections studied consists mainly of antiarchs, but contains members of all the main groups of Devonian vertebrates, such as psam­ mosteid heterostracans, placoderms, acanthodians, chondrichthyans, porolepiform and osteolepiform "rhipidistians", and dipnoans. Placoderms belong­ Fig. 1. Map of the central part of the Severnaya Zemlya archi­ ing to two genera of antiarchs, Asterolepis and pelago (from the Geological Map of the USSR, reduced for this Bothriolepis, dominate the assemblages numeri­ publication); numbers on the map indicate the localities: 1, cally. Disarticulated bones of the head and trunk October Cape, locality 139; 2, right tributary of the river armour, plates of the pectoral fin armour and, in Strelka, locality 12; 3, river Bol'shaya, locality 14; 4, river several cases, complete armours of various species Bol'shaya, locality 21; 5, river Matusevich, localities 7,17,18, of Bothriolepis make up the largest part of the ver­ 18a, 19; Symbol in rectangle: glaciers tebrate remains. The placoderms belonging to this genus are found in all stratigraphic units of the Upper Devonian of Severnaya Zemlya. the the Middle and Upper Devonian sections were collected by the participants of two expeditions: BIOSTRATIGRAPHY mainly by V.N. KARATAJOTE-TALIMAA and J. V ALIUKEVICUS in 1978, and by E. MARK-KuRIK Two assemblages, characterized by faunal ele­ and A. KHAPILIN in 1979. The 1978 expedition col­ ments that have been found in association with sev­ lected fish remains mainly from the outcrops along eral species of Bothriolepis, were used as a basis the river Matusevich, localities 7, 17, 18, 18a, and for further analysis. The first assemblage, which is 19 (5, Text-fig. 1). This collection is kept at the found throughout the Matusevich Formation, and Institute of Geology of Lithuania, Vilnius. Fossil in the lower part of the Vavilov Formation, differs vertebrates excavated in 1979 are stored at the from the second, younger one, which occurs in the Institute of Geology, Tallinn Technical University, Malyutka Formation, in the presence of psam­ and come from several localities: site number 139 mosteid heterostracans. Everywhere on the East at October Cape; locality number 12, the outcrop European Platform, the simultaneous appearance on the right tributary of the river Strelka, sites num­ of psammosteids and bothriolepidoid antiarchs ber 14 and 21 along the river Bol'shaya. Specimen indicates a Givetian - Frasnian age (LYARSKAYA & number prefixes in the text denote their respective LUKSEVICS, 1992), whereas psammosteids are not institutions: LGI, Institute of Geology of known in the Famennian deposits. Lithuania, Vilnius, Lithuania; Pi, Institute of The oldest fish remains belonging to the family Geology, Tallinn Technical University, Estonia. Bothriolepididae have been found in Member 2 of Most of the studied material comes from the the Matusevich Formation (Text-fig. 2; locality 7, Matusevich Formation, which comprises mainly bed 72). These are indeterminable fragments of the red coloured and, more rarely, light grey or green­ pectoral fin armour plates of a bothriolepid antiarch. ish-grey, sandstone, clay and siltstone. The verte­ The vertebrate assemblage from the upper part brate remains from outcrops along the river of Member 2 and the lower part of Member 3 of the UPPER DEVONIAN VERTEBRATE REMAINS 127 en Q) Q) .c ·c ....E Layer Assemblage Distribution of taxa EZJ] Q) E Rocks §~ 0 Q) Cf) Ll.. :2 -l ~ 2 I'll .:.... ':.::.:::.,.:.: ~ ~.... .........................................................VI I . ::::I 3 ~ ~ I'll ::E .;. :',.' .: ........ ~ 4 , ..... ' ....... '.; ~ 18a ~ m 5 c > o V I > • I'll C > o ~+-+-l~§·~·I·4~-5~2 6B'~~rr~18~" .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ., ....................... !..... ".. .. "1 I----- > 5 .~:~~ ___ 3_61-2 17 1-6 7 I----- Ii Q) .. nr: .. ·······::!.~:; 7-25 IV o 4 l: ....•.••. li ................... 26 27-34 -<..... :........ ; .• .... 35-37 ( .... 38-41 19 III Q) ---------- ~ ------ --::""'"."-::-:.~ 42-49 0 3 c.. I .. - . : ;:: : :; " . .. "I"'f~""i ................... Fig. 2. Distribution of vertebrates in the section along the river Matusevich. Horizontal dotted lines separate several veltebrate assemblages; stratigraphical column simplified after KURSHS (1982) (Matusevich Formation members are given by V. KURSS, unpublished data); lithological symbols: 1 - sandstone, 2 - siltstone, 3 - clay, 4 -limestone, 5 - marl; abbreviations. B. - Bothriolepis, Form. - Formation, Ps. - Psammosteus 128 ERVINS LUKSEVICS Matusevich Formation (locality 19, beds 60 - 63) subspecies, Bothriolepis leptocheira curonica, is richer. It comprises, in addition to abundant and which is found in Latvia. well preserved skeletons of Bothriolepis cf. obrutschewi GROSS, the remains of a second repre­ sentative of the same genus, Bothriolepis sp. 1 AGE AND CORRELATION WITH OTHER (single nuchal plate), the heterostracan REGIONS Psammosteus cf. maeandrinus AGASSIz, acantho­ dians, chondrichthyans (tooth of 'Stethacanthus' The dating of almost all the Devonian forma­ type), the porolepiform sarcopterygians including tions of Severnaya Zemlya is based on vertebrate scales of Glyptolepis sp., as well as indeterminable assemblages and on correlation with the sections of fragments of dipnoan bones. the Taimyr Peninsula, Spitsbergen and the East The remaining lower part of Member 3 of the European Platform (MATUKHIN & al. 1997). The Matusevich Formation is characterized by the position of the Givetian - Frasnian boundary is still occurrence of indeterminable remains of uncertain. It was previously suggested that the Bothriolepis sp. 2 (locality 19, bed 50). Middle - Upper Devonian transition in the The upper part of Member 3 of the Matusevich Severnaya Zemlya section lays within the ,1I I Formation (locality 19, beds 33 - 49) yields a rich Gremyaschiy Formation, and that the overlying vertebrate assemblage characterized by the presence deposits of the Matusevich, Vavilov and
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