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Romania 50 6 Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration Ministry of Energy Report on the assessment of the national potential to implement high-efficiency cogeneration and efficient district heating and cooling - December 2015 - Table of Contents Abbreviations ........................................................................................................... 4 Measurement units .................................................................................................. 5 Definitions ............................................................................................................... 6 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 8 2. Description of heating and cooling demand ............................................................. 9 2.1. Existing infrastructure in localities (points of heat demand) ................................. 10 Municipalities and conurbations with a plot ratio of at least 0.3. ........................................ 14 2.2. Existing heating infrastructure at consumers ..................................................... 14 2.3. Existing infrastructure at heat generation sources and at supply networks ........... 22 a) Heat generation sources ........................................................................................... 22 a.1 Heating thermal or electrical power plants ................................................................ 22 a.2 Existing cogeneration facilities ................................................................................. 24 a.3 Waste incineration facilities ..................................................................................... 26 b) Heat transport and distribution networks, heating points/stations .................................. 26 d) Efficiency and loss in heat sources and heat transport networks .................................... 29 2.4. Main resources used for heat generation .......................................................... 30 2.5. Statistical evolution, description of heat demand (heat and domestic hot water) ................................................................................................................... 32 2.6. Statistical evolution of heat price/tariff ............................................................. 36 2.7. Investment records ....................................................................................... 37 2.8. Identification of the heating and cooling demand that may be met through the district heating and cooling network ........................................................................... 38 3. identification of energy efficiency potentials of district heating and cooling infrastructure 41 4. Energy efficiency strategies, policies and measures under horizon 2020 - 2030 ......... 43 4.1. Energy efficiency measures ............................................................................ 44 4.2. Public support measures for heating and cooling services ................................... 46 4.3. Investments planned for developing the existing district heating infrastructure ..... 47 4.3.1 Investments planned for cogeneration facilities and facilities using renewable resources 47 4.3.2 Investments planned in heating networks .............................................................. 47 4.4 The promotion of high-efficiency cogeneration ................................................... 48 5. Evaluation of the current energy potential of renewable energy sources in Romania 50 6. Cost-benefit analysis .......................................................................................... 52 6.1 System boundary and geographical boundary .................................................... 52 6.2 Integrated approach - inventory of energy sources ............................................. 53 6.3 Baseline scenario ........................................................................................... 54 6.3.1. Energy demand and consumption structure ........................................................... 54 6.3.2. Evolution of energy prices ................................................................................... 55 Page 2 of 102 6.4 Alternative scenarios ...................................................................................... 57 6.4.1. Methodology ...................................................................................................... 57 6.4.2. Scenario S0: moderate increase/moderate penetration of efficient cogeneration ........ 58 6.4.3. Scenario S1: moderate increase/efficient cogeneration in 2020 ............................... 59 6.4.4. Scenario S2: accelerated increase/efficient cogeneration in 2020 ............................. 60 6.4.5. Scenario S3: increase supported by the natural gas pricing policy ............................ 61 6.5 Time horizon .................................................................................................. 62 6.6 Primary energy savings ................................................................................... 62 6.7 Economic analysis .......................................................................................... 62 6.7.1. Methodology ...................................................................................................... 62 6.7.2. Results .............................................................................................................. 63 6.8 Sensitivity analysis ......................................................................................... 64 7. Conclusions ........................................................................................................ 66 Bibliography ........................................................................................................... 70 Annex 1 – District heating status in localities (2015 estimation) .................................. 71 Main district heating operators .............................................................................. 77 District heating status in localities (2014) ............................................................... 80 Annex 2 – Heat generation, prices ........................................................................... 83 Annex 3 – Heat demand ......................................................................................... 92 1. Methodology ..................................................................................................... 92 2. Assumptions and sources .................................................................................. 92 3. Evolution in energy demand for heating .............................................................. 94 Annex 4 – Renewable sources ................................................................................. 96 1. Energy potential of biomass in Romania .............................................................. 96 1.1. Methodology ......................................................................................................... 96 1.2. Sources ................................................................................................................ 96 2. Potential of heat generation from geothermal sources in Romania .......................... 96 2.1. Methodology ......................................................................................................... 96 2.2. Sources ................................................................................................................ 96 Annex 5 – Cogeneration potential ............................................................................ 97 1. Methodology ..................................................................................................... 97 2. Assumptions and sources .................................................................................. 97 3. Potential from reconnection ............................................................................... 97 4. Potential from new connection ........................................................................... 98 5. Potential of district heating, total and from reconnection ....................................... 99 6. Cogeneration potential .................................................................................... 101 Page 3 of 102 Abbreviations ANRE Autoritatea Națională de Reglementare în Domeniul Energiei (National Energy Regulatory Authority) ANRM Agenția Națională pentru Resurse Minerale (National Mineral Resources Agency) Autoritatea Națională de Reglementare pentru Serviciile Comunitare de ANRSC Utilități Publice (National Regulatory Authority for Municipal Services) TEPP Thermoelectric Power Plant LLF Light liquid fuel CT Boiler station GC Green certificate PES Primary energy savings EIA Energy Information Administration (US) EUR European currency, Euro Gcal Giga Calorie GJ Giga Joule GWh Gigawatt-hour INS Institutul Naţional de Statistică (National Institute of Statistics) Kcal Kilo-calorie kg Kilogramme km Kilometre m Metre MWh Megawatt-hour LCV Lower calorific value PJ Peta Joule PNAEE National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency PNAER National Renewable Energy Action Plan SACET District heating system SCADA Computer system for data monitoring, command and collection NES National Energy System NEES National Electronic Energy System RES Renewable Energy Sources TJ Tera Joule ST Steam turbine toe Tonne oil equivalent GT Gas turbine Page 4 of 102 EU European Union
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