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Stream Geomorphic Assessment Handbook, Database, and Spreadsheet Was the Collaborative Effort Of Vermont Stream Geomorphic Assessment Phase 3 Handbook SURVEY ASSESSMENT 92 ft. 63 ft. 2.4 ft. 3.5 ft. FIELD AND DATA ANALYSIS PROTOCOLS Vermont Agency of Natural Resources May 2009 Authorship and editing of the Phase 3 Stream Geomorphic Assessment Handbook, Database, and Spreadsheet was the collaborative effort of: Mike Kline DEC River Management Program Shayne Jaquith DEC River Management Program George Springston Norwich University Dept of Geology Barry Cahoon DEC River Management Program Larry Becker Vermont Geological Survey Funding for assessment protocol development has been provided by the: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Federal Emergency Management Agency Vermont Agency of Transportation Research Grant U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Green Mountain National Forest, Cooperative Cost Share Agreement Vermont Geological Survey State Map Grant Acknowledgements: Other Agency of Natural Resources staff who worked on the Phase 3 Handbook include Staci Pomeroy and Shannon Hill (River Management Program), Jim Ryan (Water Quality Division Planning Section), and Christa Alexander (Department of Fish and Wildlife). Special thanks to Brenda Clarkson of the DEC Information Technology Section for her help in database development. Pilot projects which greatly enhanced the development of the Phase 3 Handbook were made possible by Michele Boomhower of the Lamoille County Regional Commission; Dan McKinley, Steve Roy, and the fish crews of the U.S. Forest Service, Rochester Ranger District; and Eric Derleth and Chris Smith of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Partners for Fish and Wildlife Program. Request for technical assistance, training, questions and comments should be directed to: Mike Kline, River Ecologist Shayne Jaquith, River Resources Scientist River Corridor Management River Corridor Management DEC, Water Quality Division DEC, Water Quality Division 103 South Main St., Building 10 North 103 South Main St., Building 10 North Waterbury, Vermont 05671-0408 Waterbury, Vermont 05671-0408 (802) 241-3774 (802) 241-4456 [email protected] [email protected] Barry Cahoon, P.E. Chief River Mgt. Engineer Larry Becker, State Geologist River Corridor Management Vermont Geological Survey DEC, Water Quality Division 103 South Main Street, Laundry Building 1229 Portland Street, Suite 201 Waterbury, VT 05671-0407 St. Johnsbury, VT 05819-2099 (802) 241-3496 (802) 751-0129 [email protected] [email protected] The Phase 3 Handbook, Spreadsheet, and Database may be downloaded from the River Corridor Management, Geomorphic Assessment internet web page at: www.vtwaterquality.org Table of Contents Step Description Page Introduction 1- 7 Step 1 Site Location and Description 8 - 10 1.1 Location Map 1.2 Assessment Type 1.3 Valley Type 1.4 Stream Type 1.5 Surficial Geology 1.6 Nearest Gauging Station and Location 1.7 Upstream Corridor 1.8 Notes 1.9 Reach Condition Step 2 Channel Geometry, Sediments and Vegetation 11 - 21 2.1 Longitudinal Profile 2.2 Cross Section 2.3 Width of Flood Prone Area 2.4 Bank Vegetation 2.5 Valley Cross Section Drawing 2.6 Pebble Count 2.7 Bar Pebble Count 2.8 Planform Geometry Step 3 Boundary Conditions 22 - 30 3.1 Channel Boundary Conditions 3.2 Bank Erosion Potential Step 4 Spreadsheet Plotting and Geomorphic Data 31 - 37 4.1 Reach Location and Description 4.2 Longitudinal Profile and Pattern 4.3 Pebble Count 4.4 Cross Section 4.5 Planform Geometry 4.6 Stream Bank And Boundary Conditions Step 5 Stream Geomorphic Assessment 38 - 55 5.1 Site Condition 5.2 Sensitivity 5.3 Channel Adjustment Processes 5.4 Stream Geomorphic Assessment Summary Quality Assurance Protocol 56 - 57 References 58 - 59 Phase 3 Stream Geomorphic Assessment Vermont Agency of Natural Resources - i - May, 2009 Figures Figure Description Page Figure I.1 Measuring height of bankfull above current water surface 6 Figure 1.1 Example of determining location of nearest gage 9 Figure 2.1 Longitudinal profile field form 11 Figure 2.2 Longitudinal profile plot 12 Figure 2.3 Example Cross Section Plot 14 Figure 2.4 Plan view of Vegetation survey zone 15 Figure 2.5 Example of valley cross-section drawing 16 Figure 2.6 Median axis of sediment particle 17 Figure 2.7 Dot box and tick mark nomenclature. 18 Figure 2.8 Location of point bar sampling 19 Figure 2.9 Planform plot generated by DMS spreadsheets 20 Figure 2.10 Planform geometry parameters 21 Figure 3.1 Landslide classification 23 Figure 4.1 Longitudinal Profile of the East Branch, Passumpsic river 32 Figure 4.2 Bed feature values calculated in the long profile worksheet 33 Figure 4.3 DMS plan form plot from distance and azimuth data 33 Figure 4.4 Gradation analysis plot 34 Figure 4.5 Pebble count size distributions at different bed features 35 Figure 4.6 Cross-Section plot, East Branch of the Passumpsic River 35 Figure 4.7 Planform dimensions entered into the DMS spreadsheet 37 Figure 5.1 Unstable reach of the Trout River in Montgomery, VT 38 Figure 5.2 Slope and bed changes from headwaters to unconfined valley 39 Figure 5.3 Lane’s Balance 48 Figure 5.4 “How streams work” to establish equilibrium 49 Figure 5.5 Reach scale changes leading to degradation 50 Figure 5.6 Degradation as Primary Response 50 Figure 5.7 Changes leading to aggradation 51 Figure 5.8 Aggradation as primary response 51 Figure 5.9 Changes leading to widening 52 Figure 5.10 Widening as primary adjustment 52 Figure 5.11 Common Planform adjustment sequence 53 Phase 3 Stream Geomorphic Assessment Vermont Agency of Natural Resources - ii - May, 2009 Tables Table Description Page Table 6.1 Guide for selecting probable reference stream types 43 Table 6.2 Example Stream Condition Report 44 Table 6.3 Stream Type Sensitivity 46 Table 6.4 Imposed Changes Leading to Degradation 51 Table 6.5 Parameter Changes Indicative of Degradation 51 Table 6.6 Imposed Changes Leading to Aggradation 52 Table 6.7 Parameter Changes Indicative of Aggradation 52 Table 6.8 Imposed Changes Leading to Widening 53 Table 6.9 Parameter Changes Indicative of Widening 53 Table 6.10 Parameter Changes Indicative of Planform Change/Adjustment 54 Appendices Appendix Description Page Appendix A Phase 3 Field Forms A1-A11 Appendix B Data Management System Instructions B1-B16 Appendix C Channel Evolution Models C1-C4 Appendix F Geologic Information F1-F4 Appendix I Classification Systems I1-I2 Appendix J Vt Regional Hydraulic Geometry Curves J1-J6 Appendix K Identification of Bankfull Stage K1-K6 Appendix L Vermont Hydrology Data L1-L13 Appendix M Delineation of Bed Features M1-M3 Appendix N Stratigraphic Descriptions and VT Bank Erosion Hazard Index N1-N5 Appendix O Particle Entrainment and Transport O1-05 Appendix P Submitting and Retrieving Data from the State Geomorphic Database P1-P2 Appendix Q Glossary of Terms Q1-Q10 Phase 3 Stream Geomorphic Assessment Vermont Agency of Natural Resources - iii - May, 2009 PHASE 3 INTRODUCTION The Phase 3 Survey Assessment is a detailed protocol for gathering scientifically sound information that can be used for watershed planning and detailed characterization of aquatic habitat, erosion, and flood hazards. References used to develop the Phase 3 protocols are listed after the field data collection and analysis sections (Steps 1-7). The Phase 3 Survey Assessments are composed of observations, measurements, and survey data and are conducted on “reference” equilibrium reaches and selected degraded sites to quantify physical channel form and processes in detail. Phase 3 assessments can be used to verify Phase 1 and Phase 2 data and compare stream reaches and segments to each other and to regional reference conditions. Where to complete a Phase 3 Survey Assessment Whether just completing a Watershed Assessment (Phase 1) or responding to a specific concern, an assessment team may decide on a set of priority reaches to conduct Survey Assessments. Basin planning and project-related reach selection processes are described in the Introduction section of the Phase 2 Rapid Stream Assessment Handbook. Conduct Phase 3 quantitative survey-level assessments at sites within Phase 2 selected reaches to verify the stream condition and adjustment process conclusions made using the Rapid Assessment protocols. While these protocols do not provide guidance on corridor protection and stream restoration project designs, the Agency highly recommends the use of these methods for field collection and analysis of survey data at sites that are candidates for these types of projects and for which an alternatives analysis will be completed. Good project planning and design also involves the identification and assessment of reference reaches to more fully understand the type and degree of adjustments present at the project site. Undisturbed areas may become priorities for corridor protection projects and serve as “reference reaches” for the impacted or adjusting reaches of the same stream type. Methods and Skills The information and data collected in a Survey Assessment comes from field observations and measurements, as well as spreadsheet analysis. The completion of a Phase 3 assessment can take up to 3 to 4 days depending on the size of the stream. The Phase 3 Survey Assessment is divided into two basic parts. In Steps 1-3, field surveys are conducted to describe, measure, and photograph the stream and its setting. Steps 4 involves the plotting and reduction of geomorphic and habitat data using computer spreadsheets. Step 5 includes the Stream Survey and Habitat Assessments where the condition and sensitivity of each site is summarized. The skills needed to complete a Survey Assessment are: Reading topographic maps Measuring distances and compass headings in and around streams Surveying skills (requiring training in the use of transit, laser, or total station survey equipment) Calculating some basic mathematical equations (examples are provided in the text) Estimating quantities and evaluating stream conditions These skills, especially the transit or laser level surveying, require training.
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