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Pinot Noir in South Africa and New Zealand with Specific Reference To Pinot Noir in South Africa and New Zealand with specific reference to Hemel-en-Aarde and Central Otago Dissertation submitted to the Cape Wine Academy in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the diploma of Cape Wine Master by Karin Visser May 2016 1 Abstract For the past two decades New World Pinot Noir has been nudging its way to the forefront in the wine world. Wine made from this intriguing, mysterious grape variety continues to capture the imagination of wine lovers across the globe. This document - the end result of an intensive study – takes us on a journey into the wonderful world of Pinot Noir. In view of the extent restriction placed upon a dissertation of this nature, it was not possible to include all major New World Pinot Noir regions in the research process. An interesting comparison is therefore drawn between two leading Pinot Noir producing regions: Central Otago in New Zealand and Hemel – en – Aarde in South Africa. The two regions, with their sub-regions, are explored in detail. In analising the sub-regional differences within the two chosen regions, the spotlight falls on three prominent producers in each region. A wide range of factors pertaining to each producer are closely examined, such as climatic, viticultural , winemaking and wine style. A significant aspect of this study was the development of a model that could effectively regulate the interflow between a set of interrelated factors in the production of Pinot Noir. This model could especially assist Hemel – en – Aarde Pinot Noir producers to expand their markets – and to achieve the ultimate goal of much greater global recognition for an enticing, desirable premium Pinot Noir product. 2 I, Karin Visser, declare that this dissertation is my own, unaided work. It is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the diploma of Cape Wine Master to the Cape Wine Academy. It has not been submitted before for qualification of examination in this or any other educational organisation. Signed _______________________ May 2016 3 I would like to dedicate this thesis to John, my late friend and companion, who now lives in my heart. Without him, I may never have had the opportunity to pursue and realise my true passion. 4 Acknowledgements In different ways many people have provided me with invaluable support in the writing of this thesis. I would like to express sincere gratitude to them. In particular I would like to thank the following: The Hemel-en-Aarde producers for their time and sharing of knowledge. Special thanks to Peter Finlayson, Anthony Hamilton Russell, Gordon Johnson, JC Martin and Gerhard Smith. International producers such as Blair Walter, Nick and Jo Mills, Christopher Keyes and Jason Lett for their time and providing valuable information. My parents, Gerhard and Liéda and brother Francois for their unflagging support, encouragement and love. Winnie Bowman for giving selflessly of her time as well as her firm encouragement when I needed it most. Bonita Floris, Soraya Daniels and Joan Fortuin from SAWIS. Frieda Lloyd from Hemel-en-Aarde Winegrowers. My editor, Fiona McDonald. Gaby Gramm for her technical skills, support and friendship. Jacqui Henderson for her constant support and encouragement. Robin von Holdt for his help with the flow of the dissertation. 5 Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................... 11 2 THE WORLD OF PINOT NOIR ......................................................................... 14 2.1 BRIEF HISTORY ......................................................................................................................................... 14 2.2 BURGUNDY AT A GLANCE ........................................................................................................................ 15 2.3 GLOBAL PLANTINGS ................................................................................................................................ 16 2.4 CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................................................................................... 18 2.5 SCENT AND FLAVOUR PROFILE............................................................................................................... 19 2.6 CLONES AND PINOT NOIR’S MUTATIVE NATURE ................................................................................. 20 3 PINOT NOIR IN SOUTH AFRICA ..................................................................... 22 3.1 FIRST PLANTINGS .................................................................................................................................... 22 3.2 PRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................ 22 3.3 CLONAL DEVELOPMENT .......................................................................................................................... 24 3.4 PRODUCERS .............................................................................................................................................. 25 4 PINOT NOIR IN HEMEL-EN-AARDE ............................................................. 27 4.1 OVERVIEW AND PRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 27 4.2 PIONEERS .................................................................................................................................................. 28 4.3 LOCATION AND CLIMATE ........................................................................................................................ 28 4.4 SOILS .......................................................................................................................................................... 30 4.5 WINE STYLES ............................................................................................................................................ 30 4.6 SUB-REGIONS/APPELLATIONS .............................................................................................................. 30 4.6.1 MAP ................................................................................................................................................... 30 4.6.2 HEMEL-EN-AARDE VALLEY .......................................................................................................... 31 4.6.3 UPPER HEMEL-EN-AARDE VALLEY ............................................................................................. 32 4.6.4 HEMEL-EN-AARDE RIDGE ............................................................................................................. 33 4.7 VITICULTURE ............................................................................................................................................ 33 4.8 VINICULTURE ........................................................................................................................................... 35 4.9 KEY PRODUCERS IN THE THREE SUB-REGIONS ................................................................................... 36 4.9.1 HEMEL-EN-AARDE VALLEY: HAMILTON RUSSELL VINEYARDS.............................................. 36 4.9.2 UPPER HEMEL-EN-AARDE VALLEY: NEWTON JOHNSON FAMILY VINEYARDS .................... 38 4.9.3 HEMEL-EN-AARDE RIDGE: CREATION WINES .......................................................................... 39 4.10 RECENT VINTAGES ................................................................................................................................ 40 4.11 REGIONAL LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT ....................................................................................... 41 5 PINOT NOIR IN NEW ZEALAND .................................................................... 43 5.1 FIRST PLANTINGS .................................................................................................................................... 43 5.2 PRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................ 44 5.3 CLONAL DEVELOPMENT .......................................................................................................................... 45 5.4 PRODUCERS .............................................................................................................................................. 46 6 PINOT NOIR IN CENTRAL OTAGO ................................................................ 47 6.1 OVERVIEW AND PRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 47 6.2 PIONEERS .................................................................................................................................................. 48 6.3 LOCATION AND CLIMATE ........................................................................................................................ 49 6.4 SOILS .......................................................................................................................................................... 51 6 6.5 WINE STYLES ............................................................................................................................................ 51 6.6 SUB-REGIONS............................................................................................................................................ 52 6.6.1 MAP ..................................................................................................................................................
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