Trends & Developments

Exploration TRENDS & DEVELOPMENTS March 2012

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electromagNetics: Helicopter-borne Frequency-domain EM • Time-domain EM • VLF-EM magNetics & gradiometry: Fixed-wing or Helicopter-borne radiometrics: Fixed-wing or Helicopter-borne

coming soon - gravex: A gravity sensing system providing high resolution gravity and gradient data

New dimeNsioNs iN exploratioN

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McPhar_Admat_FP_TNME_Jan12_x1a.indd 1 19/01/12 12:17 PM Exploration KEGS’ sixth year as patron of TRENDS & DEVELOPMENTS Exploration Trends & Developments is an annual publication prepared by Patrick G. Killeen By Patrick G. Killeen PhD, Geophysical Consultant RR # 1, 9759 Highway 509 and retired Research Scientist, Geological Survey of Ompah, ON Canada, Ottawa 2011 Canada K0H 2J0 Phone: (613) 479-2478 The Trends review Sponsor’s Box below. This marks the 20th E-mail: [email protected] originated with the year it has been written by Patrick Killeen, Published in co-operation with Geological Survey of originally as a research scientist at the The Northern Miner 12 Concorde Place, Suite 800 Canada (GSC), where, GSC, and since 2007 through KEGS. Toronto, Ont. for over 45 years, GSC scien- Founded in 1953, KEGS has the M3C 4J2 tists have prepared an unbiased stated purpose according to the Phone: (416) 510-6768 annual publication on trends constitution: “... to promote the Fax: (416) 510-5138 and new developments in geoscience of geophysics especially E-mail: [email protected] physical exploration for miner- as it is applied to the explora- Editor: als. The Canadian Exploration tion for minerals other than oil; Alisha Hiyate Geophysical Society (KEGS) to foster the common scientific Writer: first became the primary “pa- interests of geophysicists; to Patrick G. Killeen tron” of the annual review of maintain a high professional Art Director: Mineral Exploration Trends & Develop- standing among its members; and to pro- Mark Ryan ments in 2007. This year, KEGS support mote fellowship and co-operation among Production Manager: came from the companies listed in the persons interested in these problems.” Tracey Hanson Advertising Sales: Brian Warriner SPONSORED BY Joe Crofts Teri Richardson Platinum Level Silver Level Bronze Level Publisher: (up to $1,500): (up to $500): (up to $250): Doug Donnelly Condor Consulting Inc. IFG Corp. Geonics Ltd. Printed in Canada. Abitibi Geophysics All rights reserved. Mount Sopris RMS Instruments Instrument Co. The contents of this publication Gold Level Sander Geophysics Ltd. may only be reproduced with the Pico Envirotec written consent of Patrick G. Killeen. (up to $1,000): Gem Systems Geotech Ltd. Thermo Fisher Scientific

CONTENTS Exploration TRENDS & DEVELOPMENTS 4 MOVING RIGHT ALONG IN 2011 21 Drill-hole Methods March 2012 4 CORPORATE HIGHLIGHTS 22 Ground Electromagnetic Methods 23 Gravity Surveying 8 AIRBORNE GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYING 23 Induced Polarization 13 Airborne Data Acquisition and Processing 24 Ground Magnetic surveying 15 Aeromagnetic Surveying 25 Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)

Complimentary 16 Airborne Electromagnetic Surveying 25 Seismic PM no. 40069240 8 1 Airborne Gamma-ray Spectrometric Surveying Cover photo: 18 Airborne Gravity Surveying 26 Companies and Websites Geotech flying a 26 Abbreviations VTEM and magnetic 19 GROUND SURVEY TECHNIQUES survey in Fiji 20 Physical Rock Properties Credit: Geotech and Elemental Analysis 20 Data Processing and Positioning

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MOVING RIGHT ALONG IN 2011 Much like the economy in general, air- exploration budgets. In addition, some Natural field EM surveying saw even more borne contract surveying started to come companies added gamma-ray detectors to attention and the AFMAG system is now out of the doldrums in 2011. Additional the transmitter loops of their heli-borne available in fixed-wing and helicopter ver- aircraft were put into service, and in EM systems. The trend of increasing the sions. There were signs that the UAV, in Canada, there was a fair amount of gov- number of geophysical sensors on survey which interest seemed to peak about 2005, ernment survey work, both provincial aircraft continued. Airborne gravimeters is not yet dead. Advances in processing and federal. There was robust gold explo- became lighter and smaller, with two new- EM and other data were reported by at ration activity reported in Mexico, Cana- generation versions developed in 2011. least five companies, and included more da, and West Africa, as well as diamond The year also saw increasing use of air- 3-D solutions, modelling and inversions, exploration activity in Canada. It has borne gravity and to a lesser extent, gravity plus a new radon background-removal been called a healthy level of activity, not gradiometer surveys for mineral explora- process for gamma-ray spectrometry. To the unsustainable activity of a boom. In- tion. However, the number of contracted explore deeper with EM, higher sensitivity creased levels of exploration activity were gradiometer mineral surveys was limited is needed and in 2011 there was increased also reported in Asia, Indonesia, Papua by the number of systems available world- demand for B-field EM surveys, and great- New Guinea, North and South Amer- wide (10, including a new one in 2011) and er use of SQUID B-field sensors to obtain ica (notably Brazil), and Mongolia. The because the surveys are very expensive. Al- the required sensitivity. In a significant high level of activity in West Africa and though the new information from the grav- scientific breakthrough, a ”room-tempera- the sub-Sahara area is partially a result ity gradiometer tensors is attractive, only the ture” B-field sensor with the sensitivity of a of junior exploration companies finding tensor zz is widely used. The other tensors High Temperature SQUID was developed. more opportunities there. That, in turn, yield information in cases with simple geol- Ground geophysics saw the develop- led to more small airborne contractors ogy, but are difficult to interpret in complex ment of a new field-portable X-ray lab, taking on international work in 2011. geology, and so are mainly used as input to new borehole logging tools for density An increased number of ground and inversions. and three-component EM, new logging borehole surveys were also conducted at The number of companies flying heli- services; three new ground TDEM sys- greenfield projects last year. borne time-domain EM (TDEM) systems tems, new resistivity/IP equipment, new Radiometric surveying saw a resur- increased and three completely new heli magnetic susceptibility/conductivity me- gence in 2011, with steadily increasing TDEM systems with novel features were ters, new Spectral IP equipment, (both sales of airborne and ground systems to introduced in 2011. Manufacturers in- surface and borehole) and a new genera- replace aging systems, to supplement ex- creased the diameter of their transmitter tion GPR instrument for ice-thickness isting systems, and as a result of increased loops yet again to penetrate even deeper. profiling on winter roads. CORPORATE HIGHLIGHTS Abitibi Geophysics of Val d’Or, Que., began several signifi- airborne gravity and combined EM-4H/spectrometry surveys cant new projects in 2011, including borehole EM and sonic on the Kamchatka Peninsula and in the Amur region of Russia. logging projects in Portugal and Ireland, a physical properties As the first stage of a large, two-year regional government proj- logging program on a potash development project in Eritrea, ect, the company completed an airborne gravity survey over a and borehole gravity field operations. On the R&D front, the 160,000 sq. km area in northern Russia using a GT-2A. AGP also company received a new EM sensor with noise levels and sen- flew an interesting magnetometer test survey for a specialized ap- sitivity better than High Temperature SQUID sensors in com- plication, and test flew the new version of the GT-2A gravimeter mon geophysical use from RMIT University in Australia. Abiti- from Gravimetric Technologies, also based in Moscow. bi Geophysics also signed a co-founding agreement with the Aeroquest International of Mississauga, Ont. merged its Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT) to Airborne Geophysics Division (comprised of Aeroquest Sur- create the International Laboratory for Mining Geophysics veys and UTS Aeroquest) into one entity called Aeroquest (ILMG), which started operations in 2011. Located in Val d’Or, Airborne in December 2010. The group spent much of 2011 ILMG will work on developing integrated geophysical solutions focusing on its growth model and streamlining processes for for the discovery and characterization of mineralized geological business development. systems. Initial government funding of the lab was augmented Saskatoon-based Discovery International Geophysics ex- by an ongoing financing campaign, with long-term funding to panded operations with new business partnerships in Africa come from royalties and licences. and South America. The company offers TEM surveys using the In 2011, Moscow-based Aerogeophysica (AGP) continued high-temperature (liquid nitrogen) SQUID manufactured by Su- surveys that had been started in 2010 for government projects pracon AG of Jena, Germany, and developed by the Institute for and for mineral exploration. In June, AGP won contracts for Photonic Technology (IPHT), also in Jena. Supracon believes its

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Aeroquest International conducting a magnetic survey in Papua New Guinea Credit: Matt Barkway

Abitibi Geophysics conducting borehole TDEM exploration in Portugal Credit: Abitibi Geophysics

HT SQUID to be the most sensitive B-field detector commercially Geophysics GPR of Longueuil, Que., continued to offer available in the world, ranking a close second to the ultimate sen- helicopter and fixed-wing magnetic, electromagnetic (EM- sitivity of the Supracon low-temperature (liquid helium) SQUID VLF and TDEM), radiometric and gravity surveys in 2011. As TEM sensor, which is proprietary to Anglo American. promised in 2010, in May 2011, GPR introduced a new helicop- In 2011, Montreal-based EON Geosciences flew surveys in ter TDEM system built in Longueuil called the GPRTEM. GPR the Northwest Territories for the territorial government, over has operational bases in Canada, Africa and South America. Baffin Island in Nunavut for Baffinland Iron Mines, in north- Moscow-based Geotechnologies, founded in 2005, special- ern Quebec for the Ministère des Ressources Naturelles et izes in development of airborne geophysical survey technolo- de la Faune (MRNF), and in Colorado, for the United States gies. To date, the company has developed EM-4H, a frequency Geological Survey (USGS). EON also acquired two THEM domain airborne EM system in helicopter and fixed-wing con- time-domain electromagnetic systems, both of which are avail- figurations; Equator, a helicopter system for combined time- able for surveys worldwide, and continues to offer a full range domain electromagnetic and magnetic surveys; GT-MAG, an of high-resolution fixed-wing and helicopter-borne magnetic, gamma-ray spectrometric, gravity, time-domain (THEM) and frequency domain (Hummingbird) electromagnetic surveys. Last year, the company added a Piper Cheyenne II twin-turbine aircraft to its fleet and created a new company, EON Air- borne, to control the operation and maintenance of the fleet. EON can now survey and process well over 50,000 line-km of airborne geophysical data per month. The company also signed several contracts for international surveys to be flown in 2012. EXIGE (Expertise in Geophysics), based in Johannesburg, now offers airborne, ground, marine and wireline consulting and contracting globally, for geophysical applications to natural resource exploration. In 2011, the company launched WASP (Wingless Autonomous Survey Probe), a joint venture with France-based Infotron, a UAV manufacturer. This is EXIGE’s second innovative airborne geo-survey platform, in addition to its GyroLAG (Gyrocopter Light Airborne Geophysics). Fugro Airborne Surveys headquartered in Ottawa, offers a broad range of geophysical technologies globally, including airborne time-domain and frequency domain electromagnetics, magnetics and magnetic gradiometry, gamma-ray spectrometry, gravity and gravity gradiometry. Besides data collection and processing, the company offers interpretation and consulting services. In 2011, Fugro introduced new services and enhanced its airborne geophysical systems and processes. The company added another FALCON airborne gravity gradiometer, and now has five exclusive FALCON systems flying worldwide. HELI-FALCON also became available for exploration, increasing the ability to acquire the highest-resolution airborne gravity data.

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aeromagnetic system; and an infrared/ ing Suite software based on the Triumph Surveys’ aeromagnetic system. The company integration of VPmg and UBC time-domain provides surveys employing these tech- inversion technologies with EM and nologies and sells turnkey solutions that the GOCAD 3D earth model- magnetic system include all necessary software and hard- ling and 3D-GIS platform. Last Credit: Triumph Surveys ware. All systems support the integration year saw the release of the latest of additional geophysical equipment. version of the GOCAD Mining Aurora, Ont.-based Geotech Ltd. saw Suite, including new develop- increasing demand last year for its VTEM ment of workflow-based con- helicopter-borne time-domain EM sys- strained gravity and magnetic tem, which kept its more than 30 systems inversions with VPmg and busy around the globe. The company also constrained 2-D and 3-D DC offers true horizontal magnetic gradiom- resistivity and IP inversions eters (HGRAD) integrated into the VTEM with UBC-GIF software. PLUS platform. A new early-time VTEM MPX Geophysics (MPX) system has been developed and a new yet- of Markham, Ont, completed to-be-named VTEM system offering an its sixth year in operation, pro- extremely large transmitter loop is being viding international airborne tested. Geotech also flight-tested a new geophysical services. Last year, fixed-wing ZTEM system in 2011, and it established MPX Geophys- continued research and development on ics Colombia SAS, with of- the new helicopter AirMt AFMAG system fices in Medellin, for surveys for mapping deep structures. In addition, in South America and Co- the company also formed a new division lombia — where the company airborne, carborne and stationary systems that offers ground acquisition of high- has been successfully and safely operat- were active on the west coast of North quality tensor MT data. ing since 2007. MPX’s base in Veracruz, America, monitoring the radiation fallout. JVX of Richmond Hill, Ont., intro- Mexico, has been handling Mexican and Sander Geophysics (SGL) of Ot- duced the Clarity3D Downhole Spectral Central American projects since 2009. A tawa reported another successful year IP/Resistivity (DSIP) system, which of- new base in Bali, Indonesia, was recently flying combined gravity and magnetic fers several advantages over conventional established for projects in Southeast Asia. surveys, as well as combined magnetic, downhole IP technologies, including the MPX flew surveys in many challenging electromagnetic and radiometric surveys ability to survey deeper holes, collect environments during the year, including worldwide using fixed-wing aircraft and more information, and set up multiple tropical rainforests, high-altitude Andes, helicopters. The company specializes arrays, all while maintaining high-qual- the Arctic, and paramilitary controlled in high-resolution airborne surveys for ity data. The company offers Clarity3D territories. Six airborne platforms are petroleum and mineral exploration, and surveys globally for exploration and for now positioned around the globe and the environmental mapping. SGL completed active mine operators to assist with ore company plans further expansion. MPX the refurbishment and outfitting of its zone mapping. JVX also advanced the offers high-resolution magnetic and ra- de Havilland DHC-6 300 Twin Otter development of its Surface Spectral IP diometric surveys using both fixed-wing aircraft, which is now operating under Computation Technique, which allows and helicopter platforms. Horizontal and Canadian registration and is capable of identification of targets that may be vertical gradient magnetics, airborne flying EM, magnetics, gravity and ra- missed using standard techniques. Final- gravity and LiDAR (Light Detection And diometrics. The fleet totals 16 company- ly, JVX grew significantly during 2011, Ranging) are also now offered. owned and operated survey aircraft, all hiring new field staff and administrators. Radiation Solutions Inc. (RSI), based modified for airborne geophysical sur- The Advanced Geophysical Interpre- in Mississauga, Ont., reported an active veys. Last year, SGL started fixed-wing tation Centre (AGIC) at Mira Geosci- 2011, with first-time sales of its spectrom- EM surveying with its frequency do- ence has continued to grow since its incep- eter products in Slovenia, Oman, Kyrgyz- main EM (SGFEM) system mounted on tion in 2007, with an expanded Vancouver stan, Gabon and Taiwan. Its handheld and the Twin Otter. This system, which was office and the opening of a Perth office. mobile spectrometer systems are now in originally developed and operated by the The AGIC has been at the forefront of over 80 countries. RSI’s specialized hybrid Geological Survey of Finland, and pur- development and implementation of con- RSX-3 system, which is a combination of chased by SGL in 2010, is currently flying strained 3-D inversion methods, working the RS-500 and RS-700 series systems with a large survey in Europe. collaboratively with clients on a broad 12 litres of detector, was flown in Japan on Airborne gravity, provided by the range of technical solutions, including both fixed and rotary wing aircraft shortly company’s unique AIRGrav system, was targeting services led by well-known prin- after the accident at the Fukushima nuclear included in the majority of surveys SGL cipal consultants, and the GOCAD Min- reactor last March. At the same time, RSI’s conducted last year. The company’s 12

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AIRGrav systems flew surveys in North America, South America, Europe, Green- land, Australasia, Asia and Antarctica. Airborne gravity for mineral exploration continued to be an important focus for the company and SGL completed and interpreted a helicopter gravity, magnetic and LiDAR survey for coal exploration. Now in its eighth year of providing helicopter-borne TDEM surveys, Den- mark-based SkyTEM Surveys continued to broaden its geographic reach and its TDEM technology. All operations are co- ordinated from the company’s head office in Beder, with Australian activity carried out in co-operation with GroundProbe, based in Malaga, Western Australia. In Tundra Airborne Surveys North America, logistical and backup flying Scott Hogg and support and client relations are facilitat- Associates’ Heli-GT ed via the recently incorporated SkyTEM tri-axial gradiometer system in Ontario Canada, with contact points in Ottawa Credit: Tundra Airborne Surveys and Waterloo, Ont. It also has represen- tatives in Eastern Europe and Asia. TechnoImaging, based in Salt Lake Thomson Aviation’s base at the developed an 8-metre-diameter time-do- City, Utah, was spun off from the Univer- Griffith Airport, in New South Wales, main EM system with a maximum dipole sity of Utah in 2009. The company now of- Australia, is in the same area where the moment of 150,000 Am2 and selectable fers proprietary and non-exclusive 3-D in- company started aerial crop spraying op- base frequency from 25 Hz to 150 Hz. Tri- version and R&D services for all airborne, erations 18 years ago. In 2006, Thomson umph has installed the system on a dedi- land, borehole and marine electromagnet- formed a geophysical division, employ- cated AS350 B-3 helicopter in Mexico. The ic and potential field methods for mineral, ing the skills developed by the company’s system also acquires total magnetic field, oil and gas exploration and production pilots for low-level and accurate GPS fly- differential GPS, and radar altimeter data, and environmental monitoring. ing. State-of-the-art equipment for high- with radiometrics optional. In its 27th year, Terraquest of Markham resolution magnetic, radiometric and Tundra Airborne Surveys (TAS), now Ont., reported another busy year flying digital terrain mapping was installed in based in St. Catharines, Ont., reported a high-resolution aeromagnetic gradiometry, appropriate aircraft. busy 2011. Early in the year, TAS entered gamma-ray spectrometry, gravity, electro- The geophysics division specializes in into a partnership with Toronto-based magnetic and seep-detector surveys using high-resolution, high-quality magnetics Scott Hogg and Associates (SHA), where- fixed-wing and helicopter platforms in sup- and radiometrics, often flying as low as 25 by TAS operates SHA’s Heli-GT tri-axial port of mineral and oil and gas exploration metres a.g.l. in flat terrain and as close as helicopter gradiometer system and SHA activities. Last spring, the company took 25 metres line spacing. To obtain a sub-2- continues to do the data processing and delivery of a King Air C90. The aircraft is metre sample interval for the magnetics, interpretation. The partnership flew a to- a twin turbine, ideal for offshore, long en- the Geometrics G823A cesium vapour tal of 36,000 line-km in northern Ontario, durance, and extreme cold weather survey magnetometers are sampled at 40 Hz and mostly for diamond and gold exploration. operations. The C90 was outfitted with a tail maximum gamma-ray count rates are ob- TAS also flew its first commercial sur- stinger and two extended wingtip pods to tained with the Radiation Solutions RS- vey with its Diamond DA42 Twin Star measure magnetic data, Blackhawk in-wing 500 spectrometers by employing up to 66 horizontal magnetic gradient platform. fuel lockers and a new interior. Through- litres of detector. All data are processed in- The 20,000 line-km low-level survey was out the installation, the company was able house using Intrepid and Geosoft software conducted in north-central Quebec for a to maintain pressurization requirements, for the magnetics and full-spectrum pro- diamond exploration company. The ex- giving the aircraft an advantage on mobi- cessing of the radiometrics incorporating tremely fuel-efficient DA42 has a large lizations and ferrying to and from remote NASVD noise-reduction techniques. wingspan, with the wing-tip magnetom- survey blocks. All of Terraquest’s aircraft Rockwood, Ont.-based Triumph eters 16.2 metres apart. TAS continues to are equipped with global tracking systems Surveys was formed in 2011 to offer provide combined magnetic horizontal to enhance safety. The company also used heli-borne time domain electromagnetic gradient, radiometric, and VLF-EM sur- several leased aircraft in 2011, including a and magnetic surveys throughout North veys using Navajo aircraft leased from second King Air, and a second Navajo. America and Mexico. The company has KASI Aviation Services of Dorval, Que.

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Infotron’s WASP (Wingless Autonomous Survey Probe) UAV Credit: Infotron

AIRBORNE GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYING n April, Aerogeophysica (AGP) flew in southern Russia, near Saratov. The ter airborne geophysical surveys in 2011, airborne magnetics at super-low flight GT-X was mounted on an AN-30 aircraft in Australasia, Asia, North America, South altitudes to test a method for detect- that had been used for airborne gravim- America, Europe and Africa. Locations Iing unexploded shells remaining from etry with the GT-1A. The new model varied from off-shore to desert to moun- the Second World War. The search targets employs the same gravimetric sensor as tainous terrain. The majority of the activity were considered to be iron objects with a in the GT-1A/2A gravimeters but uses a was for mineral exploration companies and weight of 10 to 25 kg and equivalent iron laser gyro-module instead of a mechani- government departments, but petroleum dummies were used for the tests. The sur- cal inertial gyro system. This modification exploration was also a significant focus. vey was flown along parallel lines with extends the geographic range of gravimet- The company completed a 27,000 line-km 50-metre line spacing. The test showed ric surveys, avoiding problems that arise AeroTEM helicopter-borne EM survey for that reliable magnetic data on the targets in the northernmost and southernmost the Alberta government, in its ongoing ef- could be obtained at flight altitudes of 15 latitudes. This modification also improves forts to define the framework for hydrogeo- metres above ground level. In a survey the reliability of the gravimetric system. logic investigations. In addition, Aeroquest project for uranium and gold explora- Data obtained from test flights with the completed a large AeroTEM HD survey for tion in the Transbaikalia region, the com- GT-X and the GT-1A are being used in the Geological Survey of Brazil (CPRM), pany covered 34,000 sq. km with airborne tests of the data-processing software. A which is trying to stimulate mineral explo- magnetics, spectrometry and frequency combined gravity/magnetics survey was ration. The project was the first modern EM domain EM surveys with line spacing of also completed near the west coast of survey the CPRM has contracted. Aero- 500 metres, and 100 metres where more the Kamchatka Peninsula. It was the first quest’s UHRAM magnetic systems were detail was required. AGP mapped Neo- gravity survey for hydrocarbon explora- very active globally in 2011, and are now gene paleo-valley sedimentary uranium tion under a Gazprom project in the shelf deployed full-time in North America. deposits overlain by basaltic cover with a zone of the Sea of Okhotsk. AGP collected The company now offers “full motion combination of EM-4H electromagnetic data with an accuracy approaching 0.32 description” of its AeroTEM systems us- survey and a high-quality multi-channel mGal from an area of 15,000 sq. km at a ing laser altimetry and orientation data to gamma-ray spectrometric survey. survey altitude of 300 metres a.s.l., flying describe the motion of the EM bird dur- AGP also conducted test flights of the AN-26 and AN-30 aircraft. ing flight, providing a more accurate in- new GT-X airborne gravimetry system, Aeroquest Airborne flew more than 1 terpretation of the data. developed by Gravimetric Technologies, million line-km of fixed-wing and helicop- In 2011, EXIGE’s first GyroLAG (a

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SGL’s Cessna Grand Caravan ready for a desert survey Credit: SGL joint venture with Air- maximum payload of 5 kg (3 kg for the electrical version) with watch of Potchestrom, a maximum ground speed of 90 km/h, a maximum altitude of South Africa) was used 3,000 metres, up to two hours endurance and real-time wireless in commercial aeromag- data transfer up to 10 km. Geo-surveys to date include a 250 Hz netic surveys. The unique fluxgate magnetic survey (30 km/hr with 10-metre line spacing) gyrocopter, purpose-built in northern Algeria and a radiometric environmental survey for geo-surveys, flew a over a gold mine dump near Johannesburg. 6,100 line-km, low-level Firefly Aviation, a Calgary-based airborne geophysical survey (less than 40 metres a.g.l.), company that began operations in 2001, has completed high-res- ultra-high-resolution olution surveys throughout Canada, the United States, Africa, and fluxgate magnetic survey in the Barberton moun- tain area of South Africa. A second aircraft was also AGP test flies the new GT-X gravimeter produced to be deployed from Gravimetric Technologies Credit: Aerogeophysica in early 2012 for magnetic and radiometric surveys in West Africa (Sierra Leone). The upgraded design should allow a gravimeter to be included. The re- cent association between EXIGE and Calgary-based LiDAR Ser- vices International will add high-quality LiDAR mapping and ortho-imagery in 2012. EXIGE also teamed up with French UAV manufacturer In- fotron in 2011 to use its WASP (Wingless Autonomous Survey Probe), a VTOL counter-rotating double-rotor (1.8-metre diameter) platform for geo-surveys. The UAV is propelled either by a 46cc two-stroke engine or a brushless electrical motor for a

Thomson Aviation’s new, turbo- powered PAC-750 for magnetic and radiometric surveying Credit: Thomson Aviation

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Goldak Airborne Surveys at Dakhla airport in Morocco for Western Sahara tri-axial magnetic gradient and radiometric survey Credit: Goldak Airborne Surveys

Central and South America. The company, the newest aeromagnetic compensators, to the mineral and petroleum exploration which owns and operates four dedicated the RMS DAARC500, which offer state- industries. FALCON was specifically de- survey aircraft, specializes in custom-de- of-the-art magnetic compensation. Dur- signed for airborne surveys and measures signed fixed-wing High Resolution Aero- ing 2010 and 2011, the company began the differential curvature gradients used magnetic (HRAM) surveys. Firefly also including radiometric surveys as part of to derive the full gravity tensor and verti- provides expertise in difficult logistical the package using the Radiation Solu- cal gravity. To meet the growing demand challenges associated with remote or inter- tions RSX-5 system, the latest generation for high-resolution airborne gravity data national projects and offers full data pro- gamma-ray spectrometer, which provides in mineral exploration programs, a fifth cessing and interpretation services. During data resolution and stability far superior to FALCON system was deployed. In addi- 2011, Firefly completed several equipment previous technology. tion, the company began offering HELI- and technology additions and upgrades. Fugro continued to offer the FALCON FALCON, the FALCON gravity gradiom- Since 2008, the company has phased in airborne gravity gradiometer technology eter technology installed in a helicopter

Condor provides state-of-the-art processing and interpretation services for all types of exploration geophysical data, with a strong focus on airborne geophysics. In 2012,we have begun to offer full 3D inversion of ZTEM AFMAG data as well as full gradient processing for airborne gravity gradiometer data. We continue to provide informative case studies for both techniques; please check our web site for the latest studies or contact us directly. The popular ZTEM Primer is also being updated for 2012. Contact us for details!

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platform, which results in better terrain- only 10 years. In 2011, the company saw clearance surveys are fully preserved. following capability, increased spatial res- major interest in its triaxial gradient mag- SGL flew several large airborne grav- olution and signal, and superior signal-to- netic system coupled with VLF and/or ra- ity and magnetic surveys for petroleum noise ratio for better anomaly detection. diometrics. A large magnetic gradient and exploration in 2011 using AIRGrav. It Fugro reported that demand for the radiometric survey for Metalex Ventures, also flew many smaller surveys, including RESOLVE and DIGHEM frequency do- in Western Sahara, marked the company’s fixed-wing and helicopter-borne gravity main EM systems increased worldwide in first international project. and magnetic surveys for mineral explora- 2011, but particularly in Western Canada In 2010 and 2011, Novatem of Mont- tion. It completed a number of radiomet- and Alaska. The broadband GEOTEM Saint-Hilaire, Que., flew large-scale fixed- ric surveys, including a helicopter mag- time-domain system was active in coal wing airborne magnetic and radiometric netic and radiometric survey for mineral exploration in central Canada and base surveys in Europe, North America and exploration in Canada, and a large fixed- metal exploration in the Northwest Ter- Africa. Mainly in Canada and Africa, the wing magnetic gradient and radiometric ritories. Fugro applied the TEMPEST company flew helicopter-borne magnet- survey in Europe. It started a large survey system to both shallow and deep targets ics, radiometrics and TDEM surveys. in Ireland using its Twin Otter equipped in North America and Australia. The During this period, Novatem added two with a frequency domain electromagnetic MEGATEM system spent the year sur- twin-engine aircraft to its fleet. The mag- system, stinger-mounted magnetometers, veying in Africa, carrying out large-scale netic signature of these aircraft was con- and a radiometric system. The survey is regional multi-parameter exploration siderably improved using specially de- part of the Tellus Border project, a regional programs. In 2011, HELITEM survey- signed titanium and stainless steel parts. mapping project that will collect scientific ing saw the deployment of two systems in The magnetic compensation uses Nova- data on soils, water and rocks across sev- Africa, two new systems in Australia, one tem software developed over more than eral counties of Ireland. additional system in Brazil and two new 15 years. All components of the magnetic SGL continues to offer scanning Li- systems in North America. field are measured in real time and inte- DAR in conjunction with other surveys Fugro carried out FALCON airborne grated into the compensation calculation and it flew several such surveys with fixed- gravity gradiometry surveys in North to provide accurate magnetic measure- wing aircraft and helicopters in 2011. The America, South America, Europe, Afri- ments. All data obtained from low-terrain LiDAR system produces extremely high- ca and Australia during 2011. FALCON surveys were flown for a number of companies, as well as government agencies that included Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Ontario’s Ministry We get even smarter of Northern Development and Mines * (MNDM), the Geological Survey of in ______country. Finland and the USGS. Applications included water, coal, diamonds, VMS and iron exploration projects. Multiple FAL- CON surveys targeting iron ore formations were also carried out in the Labra- dor Trough in western Labrador. Fugro also conducted a number of airborne Aurora gravimetry surveys in South America and Africa, and the fleet of magnetic and gamma-ray spectrometry aircraft flew surveys in Europe, Australia, Afri- Geosciences ca, South America and North America, including acquisition of 76,000 line-km of magnetic data for Ontario’s MNDM. * Mountains, permafrost, tundra, mosquitos – and Goldak Airborne Surveys of Saska- anything else the north can throw in your way. toon was very busy in the early part of Just fill in the blank and we’ll take care of the rest. the year completing an airborne magnetic survey of over 190,000 line-km using four Put 30 years of northern experience, innovative aircraft, for the Ministère des Ressources thinking and technical expertise on your project. Naturelles et de la Faune (MRNF) of Quebec. This was the largest single survey in the company’s history and pushed Geology Geophysics Exploration Services aurorageoscience.ca its total flying to over 3 million line-km in

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Terraquest’s Heli Stinger system mounted on an AStar helicopter in Honduras Credit: Terraquest

resolution digital terrain models that can be used for gravity ter- moving Mount St. Helens as part of a slope-stability study by rain corrections and other mapping applications. the USGS. Exploration for base and precious metals kept the SkyTEM Surveys was contracted in 2011 to fly TDEM/Mag- SkyTEM system busy all year in Scandinavia. The first surveys netic surveys, sometimes including radiometrics, in challenging with the recently launched high-powered SkyTEM 508 system environments ranging from the rugged terrain in the Yukon to were flown there throughout the summer and fall. The system tropical conditions in Thailand, and from the deserts of Austra- was used for a wide variety of precious and base metal mapping lia to frigid, remote landscapes of Greenland. It also flew surveys projects in Australia, including a survey for coal that produced in Antarctica, Brazil, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Italy, Neth- data which improved the client’s drilling program and its coal erlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden and the U.S. Survey objectives resource model. A pipeline pre-engineering study in Australia included mineral exploration (nickel, copper, gold, diamonds, employed the SkyTEM system to characterize the pipeline route uranium, coal), salt water intrusion and a variety of groundwater in advance of construction.

and engineering studies (planning for a pipeline corridor and CO2 In 2011, Terraquest completed four significant surveys using sequestration). HRAM, gravity, seep detector technology and electric field sensors Surveys in North America ranged from locating water, to in support of oil and gas exploration, both offshore in the North fracture shale in British Columbia, for a group of major gas Atlantic and onshore mapping the Marcellus shales in the north- producers, to mapping water resources for the USGS, to flying eastern U.S. For the third consecutive year, the company worked several gold exploration projects in the Yukon and B.C. One of with France’s BRGM, based in Orleans, carrying out a HRAM and the more challenging projects was surveying the slopes of still- gamma-ray spectrometer mapping project. Terraquest completed many gradient magnetic, gamma-ray spectrometric and XDS VLF-EM surveys in Af- rica, North America, Central America and South America. The company’s helicopter fixed boom or stinger system saw more heli-borne surveys flying its proprietary Structural Multi-View throughout North and Central America. The system can be mounted on Bell 206 Jet Rangers or AStar AS350 platforms. The Structural Multi- View system is a 5-metre stinger with a magnetometer and XDS VLF-EM, plus a spectrometer with a 20.8-litre crystal pack typically mounted in the luggage compart- ment. The system is ideal for operating at low speeds and low altitude, resulting in detailed, high-quality data. Now in its fifth year of operation, Thomson Aviation has completed over 1.2 million line-km of regional surveying in three states of Australia for Geoscience

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Australia and over 750,000 line-km for ration community at large. The company more than 80 private companies using has now been a re-seller for the Pitney its four fixed-wing aircraft. Using leased Bowes Business Insight (PBBI) Encom helicopters, it has also conducted surveys line of geophysical software for 10 years. in New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and EXIGE has added CVI (Compact Vol- Indonesia. The company is now marketing ume Inversion) software to its core interpre- its services in other countries and investi- tation services. CVI offers unconstrained R gating other data acquisition methods to 3-D inversion of magnetic and gravity EMVision combine with magnetics and radiometrics. data sets. The company used CVI in several In 2011, Thomson added a turbo-powered commercial projects in 2011, notably a re- PAC-750 aircraft manufactured in New gional 3-D modelling of iron ore deposits in Zealand to its fleet of fixed-wing aircraft. the northern parts of South Africa. The only Its PT6-34 turbine engine gives improved The Geotechnologies data control performance and reliability over compa- and navigation system, NavDat, is a com- 3D airborne rable piston-engine aircraft. In particular, plete solution for navigation, integra- it has superior climb performance, which tion of different geophysical equipment, EM inversion enables it to follow the terrain closely and data recording, visualization, and quality its high power-to-weight ratio allows a control. NavDat is widely used as a part heavy payload (up to 66 litres of radio- of airborne geophysical systems, includ- for entire metric detector, for example). Its special ing system modifications developed for features provide for high safety standards, EM and magnetic systems, gamma-ray AEM surveys and its size and payload allows the addi- spectrometers and infrared scanners. The tion of other geophysical hardware. The Linux-based NavDat software is installed for any PAC-750, which was chosen specifically in an on-board computer (laptop), with a for geophysical operations, has already guidance unit and LCD-screen mounted proven itself by flying over 100,000 line- in the cockpit to provide navigation and AEM system km, providing excellent quality data. other essential information to the pilot. The system allows very accurate naviga- Airborne Data Acquisition and tion for surveys to a scale of 1:5,000 or less. Processing Geotech has been working on new In 2011, Condor Consulting of Lakewood, methods to interpret integrated multi- 3D modelling Colo., continued to develop case studies parameter geophysical data. The company • and tutorial materials for its commercial started a new innovative ground geophysi- processing and interpretation services. The cal group, CORE Geoscience, to develop 3D inversion company’s new-business development pri- integrated resistivity models that can in- • ority is the processing and interpretation corporate geological and geophysical sig- of ZTEM, AFMAG and Falcon airborne natures. CORE is an amalgamation of two 3D migration gravity gradiometer surveys. Condor up- EM-specialized exploration groups that graded its website to communicate these offers ground acquisition of high-quality materials to existing clients and the explo- tensor MT data and new developments Magnetotellurics

Induced Polarization

Gravity and Gravity Gradiometry

Magnetics and Magnetic Gradiometry

technoimaging.com [email protected] Interpretation of a ZTEM survey by Condor Consulting Credit: Condor Consulting

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Geotechnologies’ GT-MAG airborne magnetic system on an AN-2 in Kazakhstan Credit: Geotechnologies

in interpretation using the integration of joint-inversion of ZTEM and ground MT SGL continued to refine and improve both ground and airborne EM. In 2011, in 2012. Advanced magnetic post-process- its GPS processing software, as well as in- the company continued to advance in- ing for Geotech’s new VTEM HGRAD and creasing use of the horizontal components house interpretation services, which now Heligrad systems includes advanced de- of the gravity field measured by AIRGrav. include a complete suite of data process- rivatives, such as the total horizontal gra- This has led to higher resolution and bet- ing and interpretation products to support dient and tilt-angle derivative, that can be ter accuracy gravity data from AIRGrav its VTEM, ZTEM and AirMt AFMAG, as derived from the measured cross-line and surveys, which has helped SGL perform well as its aeromagnetic-gradiometric and calculated in-line and vertical gradients. geoid measurements using AIRGrav. spectrometric surveys. Standard services The company also offers 3-D magnetic Mapping the geoid is important for deter- now include full 1-D/2-D/3-D forward modelling and inversion using the UBC mining the effects of changing sea levels modelling and inversion for VTEM and 3-D magnetic inversion code, as well as on low-elevation coastal areas. ZTEM data in addition to EM anomaly full-suite derivative potential field analyses SkyTEM’s TDEM system was devel- picking, time-constant (Tau) calculations, in Oasis Montaj Magmap. oped to match the results of the Geonics apparent-conductivity calculation, con- Keeping the development of the Com- Protem 47 ground EM system and to pro- ductivity depth slices, and Maxwell 2.5D mon Earth Model central to Mira Geosci- vide highly detailed images of the subsur- Conductive Plate Modelling. ence’s AGIC, airborne data are inverted face. It can deliver inversions within two Advanced VTEM post-processing in- in tight integration with geological and days of acquisition and it maximizes pro- cludes EMflow conductivity-depth and physical property data, and from mul- ductive flying time by eliminating high- RDI resistivity-depth-imaging, 3-D con- tiple survey types. The results are physi- altitude calibration flights, particularly ductivity image voxels and depth-slices and cal property and geological earth models valuable on days with low cloud cover. AirBeo 1-D conductivity-depth inversion. that provide more consistent results than Extremely high signal-to-noise ratios and Advanced ZTEM post-processing includes inverting the data in isolation. Last year the latest-time gates available contribute Karous-Hjelt current density-depth imag- saw the completion of: constrained 3-D to the high quality of SkyTEM data. ing, 3-D resistivity voxels & depth-slices, ZTEM inversions that accounted for near- In addition to the EM data, the sys- Geotools 2D & Emigma 3D forward mod- by conductors that distort the fields; joint tem collects total field magnetic data at elling, and its Avert2D inversion with topo- 3-D ZTEM inversions with ground MT the lowest altitude available from a heli- graphic and receiver clearance correction data; constrained and joint inversion of copter TDEM platform with the magne- for AirMt and ZTEM data, which was in- airborne, ground, and three-component tometer (and all instruments) mounted troduced in 2011. down-hole magnetic data; constrained on the transmitter loop frame. In 2011, Geotech partnered with industry-lead- inversions of frequency domain and time- a spectrometer was also mounted on the ing inversion experts Mira Geoscience domain airborne data; constraining of carrier frame. This brought the receivers and TechnoImaging in 2011 to offer more lakes to reveal basement signature in air- of all three parameters (EM, mag, gam- advanced 3-D EM inversion capability. borne gravity gradiometry data; and com- ma-spec) close to the ground, resulting With its new CORE Geoscience division, bined inversion of airborne gravity gradi- in the highest lateral and horizontal reso- Geotech sees additional advancements in ometry data and ground gravity data. lution obtainable.

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During 2010, TechnoImaging an- of all USGS gravity data from Alaska to tools allow high-precision, high-detail nounced the availability of the only practi- a suite of 3-D density models. This was (to a scale of 1:5,000) magnetic surveys, cal 3-D airborne electromagnetic (AEM) achieved using the company’s 3-D giga- even when GT-MAG is integrated with inversion service for entire AEM surveys, cell gravity and magnetic inversion ser- an electromagnetic system. It is highly based on the concept of a moving AEM vice, for which entire surveys of gravity or automated and allows unmanned opera- system footprint. 3-D conductivity models magnetic data can be inverted for deposit- tion for magnetic surveying. The system are delivered in industry-standard formats. scale model resolution. In a non-exclusive includes a data acquisition unit with em- In 2011, 3-D AEM inversions were com- project from the Bathurst mining camp in bedded GPS-receiver, a navigation and pleted for every existing AEM system from New Brunswick, the company inverted all data control system (NavDat), real-time surveys in Australia, Canada, Finland, 15,500 line-km of Bell Geospace’s 2010 automatic magnetic compensator (Re- Ghana, Tanzania, the U.S., and Zambia. reprocessed Air-FTG full tensor gravity inMag) and post-processing tools. The In a non-exclusive project near the mining gradiometry data to a 3-D density model system, which is easily integrated with a area of Kamiskotia, Ont., TechnoImaging with over 80 million cells. wide range of geophysical equipment, has inverted 3,800 line-km of MEGATEM da- connections for up to four cesium vapour ta in less than two days, for a 3-D conduc- Aeromagnetic Surveying sensors, a three-component fluxgate sen- tivity model discretized to over 15 million In 2011, Geotechnologies launched its sor, radar-altimeter, barometric altimeter cells. The company is continually expand- turnkey airborne magnetic system, GT- and a thermometer. ing its 3-D AEM inversion capabilities. MAG. The extremely high sample rate The sophistication of the technology TechnoImaging also broke the 1 billion (1,000 samples per second), accuracy of and ease of use ensures its reliability and cell barrier in 2011 with the 3-D inversion 0.2 pT/(Hz1/2), and precise navigation effectiveness. In September, two fixed-

SGL’s Twin Otter on survey in Ireland Credit: Alison McCleary

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Geotech’s new fixed-wing ZTEM terrain clearance for the magnetic sensors is 40 metres, 22 metres system (inset shows caged rectangular less than in previous VTEM systems. loop bird) evolved from its helicopter Mississauga, Ont.-based RMS Instruments won several major ZTEM system (left) contracts for instrumentation, systems integration and deploy- Credit: Geotech ment last year. It introduced the second-generation AARC500 and DAARC500 systems for real-time aeromagnetic compensation and data acquisition, with significant improvements in performance, functionality and reliability, and full compatibility with first-generation instruments. Updates are added regularly, with firmware releases for first and second-generation systems. The AARC510 Adaptive Aeromagnetic Real-time Compen- sator is in full production. Its compact form factor (21.6 cm by 13.3 cm by 30.5 cm) and light weight (4.5 kg) facilitate strap- down installations in small fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters. In addition to real-time compensation for up to four sensors (and three gradients), and an embedded (single or dual-frequency) GPS receiver, the AARC510 also supports four differential ana- log inputs, and data acquisition through an Ethernet interface, which allows seamless interfacing to Radiation Solutions’ spectrometers. The remote control capabilities of the AARC510 allow a single Windows-based device to control and operate the AARC510 and other instruments (such as the spectrometer). This package provides the core of a data-acquisition system for airborne magnetics and radiometrics. Optional embedded GPS receivers supported by all of RMS Instruments’ products in the ARC500-family (AARC500, AARC510, DAARC500 and DAS500) now includes the new OEM6-series of NovAtel’s next- generation GNSS receivers.

Airborne Electromagnetic Surveying In 2011, Geophysics GPR introduced the new GPRTEM helicopter time-domain EM system, which has a 13-metre transmitter loop with a dipole moment of 600,000 NIA, is easily transported and has Geophysics GPR’s new GPRTEM service available worldwide. helicopter time-domain EM system The system collects dB/dt Credit: Geophysics GPR for both “off-time” and “on- time” measurements and the acquisition rate is 30 or 90 Hz for wing aircraft (AN-2) of Geoken Co., based in Kazakhstan, were detection of both shallow and deep targets. The motor generator equipped with GT-MAG systems. Although Geoken has many located on the transmitter loop is electrically isolated from the years of experience in geophysical exploration, the company had helicopter. never used airborne methods. The complete process of instal- Geotech has developed a new early-time VTEM system for lation, launching and personnel training took only 20 days and shallow mapping, such as for hydrogeologic surveys and kim- Geoken surveyed about 90,000 line-km in two months using berlite exploration. The system features an improved frequency these systems. bandwidth that allows earlier-time decay measurements and also Geotech now offers the latest in true horizontal magnetic a newly implemented system response calibration design that uses gradiometers (HGRAD) integrated onto the VTEM PLUS plat- transmitter waveform streaming. It includes new software that im- form. The gradiometer uses two Geometrics total field magnetic proves the rejection of the primary field for better early-time data. sensors with a sampling interval of 0.1 seconds and a horizontal The tests and surveys flown with the new system have produced separation of 12.5 metres, located 10 metres above the transmit- excellent results, to be published in 2012. Another new VTEM ter loop. A second GPS antenna and an inclinometer are also system which in-house is called VTEM-EXTREME is being positioned 10 metres above the transmitter loop. The nominal tested. Offering an extremely large loop (43 metres diameter) and

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over 2.5 million NIA, this VTEM, which is the response to ultra-high-conductance that the system can start the acquisition as the largest-dipole airborne TDEM system bodies. As the conductance of geological soon as possible after the end of the im- commercially available, arguably has the bodies increases, the EM response tends to pulse, it is necessary to use a receiver loop best signal-to-noise ratio in the industry. zero, so that ultra-high-conductance bod- with a diameter about 10 times smaller Geotech’s ZTEM (Z Tipper Electro ies are undetectable if the response is only than the transmitter loop. In the Novatem Magnetic), a helicopter-borne natural measured during the off-time. However, system, each receiver loop has a surface field electromagnetic AFMAG system, provides the deepest penetration of any Bell Geospace flys an Air FTG survey proven airborne EM system. The contin- Credit: Bell Geospace ued success of the helicopter ZTEM system has led to the development of a new fixed-wing ZTEM system for regional exploration. The FW-ZTEM system, which features a newly redesigned, retractable airborne sensor, was fitted onto a Cessna Caravan and successfully flight-tested in 2011. The new system, designed to be deployed with multi-parameter sensors (including magnetics, gravity/gravity-gradiometry, spectrometric) will be available for surveys in North America in 2012. During the year, Geotech continued with system design testing and conduct- Micro-g LaCoste’s area of about 0.62 sq. metres. The mea- ed limited commercial surveys with its new SYSTEM surement of the vertical (Z) component newly developed helicopter AirMt (Air- VI airborne (the most important) of the magnetic field borne Magnetic Tensor) AFMAG EM gravimeter is obtained using eight receiver loops. This system, which uses the newest generation Credit: Micro-g LaCoste gives a measurement surface of about 5 total field (XYZ) EM measurement sen- sq. metres. To obtain an equal sensitivity sor. AirMt measures the magnetic field with other systems, the receiver loops of Amplitude Parameter (AP) that is rota- the Novatem system require five times tionally invariant, featuring even higher fewer turns on the receiver coils, which signal-to-noise than the standard tipper reduces the inductance value by a factor of measurement measured in ZTEM. AirMt 25, increasing the resonance frequency of is the next step in the company’s AFMAG these bodies have a strong response during the system’s receivers and hence the band- technology for higher-resolution mapping the on-time. Thus the B-field response is width. It is thus possible to attenuate the of deep geological formations. stronger in high-conductance bodies than signal from the primary loop (transmit- After three years of research and de- its time variation (dB/dt) and the signal- ter) in the receiver loop by a factor of 60 velopment, the Novatem TDEM system to-noise level is significantly higher. dB (which is a factor of 1,000 in voltage). is now operational. The receiver loops of The Novatem system is configured to Novatem can now conduct higher-res- the Novatem system are configured so minimize any alteration of the measure- olution surveys for TDEM sounding and that they are only slightly influenced by the ment sensitivity of the system during the TDEM prospecting. Main applications primary field, if at all. It is therefore pos- surveys. The configuration of the receiver include delineation of conductivity con- sible to obtain measurements during the loops assures very good rigidity between trasts associated with lithology or hydro- on-time and off-time of the pulse without the transmitter loop and receiver loops. thermal alteration, oil and groundwater using a bucking coil. These measurements This strongly reduces any noise induced investigations and prospecting to locate and the B-field are recorded to improve by geometric deformation of the entire massive sulphide deposits at great depths. transmitter-receiver set. Three receiver Sander Geophysics started conducting coils are employed so that both vertical (Z) fixed-wing frequency domain electromag- and horizontal (X and Y) components are netic surveys last year using its SGFEM recorded. Being insensitive to the primary system. The system, which is mounted on field, the system does not have to correct SGL’s Twin Otter, allows frequency domain measurement errors of these components EM surveys to be flown in combination caused by any residual transmitter cur- with magnetics, radiometrics and gravity. rent. In conventional systems, to make the SkyTEM’s R&D group made several The SkyTEM time domain EM system induced voltage in the receiver during the improvements to its time-domain electro- Credit: SkyTEM on-time of the transmitter insignificant so magnetic system during 2011 and three

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configurations are now available based on Airborne Gamma-ray Airborne Gravity Surveying the area of the transmitter loop: 100, 300 or Spectrometric Surveying In 2011, Bell Geospace of Houston con- 500 sq. metres. The first system, launched Medusa Systems BV, based in Gronin- tinued acquisition, processing and inter- in 2004, is the SkyTEM 304 with a trans- gen, Netherlands, released a new version pretation of full tensor gravity gradiom- mitter area of 314 sq. metres. The system of its GAMMAN software intended to etry data for natural resource exploration has always been unique due to the place- process gamma-ray spectra from geo- worldwide. The company developed full ment of all receiver sensors on the carrier physical surveys. The new version has an tensor gridding methods to provide bet- frame, which minimizes the distance to integrated approach to the correction of ter resolution between survey lines and the ground and ensures all data are accu- airborne gamma-ray data for attenuation updated full tensor noise-reduction meth- rately positioned. The system is based on a due to altitude effects and cosmic and ods. Bell has also been working with spe- dual-moment transmitter, a null-position radon backgrounds. This approach is cialists in industry and academia to im- receiver coil configuration and a transmit- based on a combination of full spectrum prove inversion of full tensor gravity data. ter able to turn off current in the coil with- analysis (FSA) and Monte Carlo-based SGL flew an AIRGrav survey in Aus- in a few microseconds. These unique fea- modelling of the detector’s response to tralia for the Victorian Department of tures allow the TDEM system to provide air attenuation and radon effects. The Primary Industries’ CarbonNet Project. bias-free data from about 10 microseconds company says one of the advantages of The project is investigating the potential

to 10 milliseconds, outperforming many the new method is that it makes an up- of capturing CO2 from electricity gen- other systems on the market. ward-looking detector for radon estima- eration and new coal-based industries The newly developed SkyTEM 508, tion obsolete. The algorithm uses a large in Gippsland and moving it to Victoria’s which was employed in Scandinavia last database of detector spectra for each al- geological basins. The survey is designed year, has a transmitter moment of roughly titude between 0 and 160 metres. It also to provide a better understanding of the 500,000 NIA with eight turns on a 500-sq.- contains detector response spectra for geology of the region, and the geological metre loop. The system was developed to radon in air. The origin of the gamma ra- structure of the onshore, near-shore and achieve a very high signal-to-noise ratio at diation from radon in the air is similar to immediate offshore area. the late TDEM gate-centre times with no that from radon in the ground below the SGL is again participating in NASA’s loss in ability to measure bias-free data as detector. However, the different geome- IceBridge project in Antarctica and early as 10 microseconds (from the begin- tries of the “air-bound” radon source and Greenland, having supplied an AIRGrav ning of turn off). The dual-moment trans- the “soil-bound” radon source produces airborne gravimeter for the past two sea- mitter allows recording data at late decay spectra that are very different in shape. sons. The surveys are designed to provide times: 15, 35 or even 60 milliseconds. The This allows separation of the ground- vital information about the ice sheet at the SkyTEM 101 was designed to map from source and air-source radon contribution poles using a DC-8 aircraft mounted with the very near surface to a depth of about in the measured spectra. sensor equipment from multiple agencies. 150 metres with high resolution. A new, In boreholes, a similar approach is Lafayette, Colo.-based Micro-g more aerodynamic carrier frame was in- used to separate radon contributions LaCoste introduced a new airborne gra- troduced last year, resulting in reduced to measured spectra of the air or fluid vimeter, called SYSTEM VI, which is less vibration and lower noise. Bias-free data inside boreholes, from the radon contri- than half the size and weight of its TAGS are recorded at very early times (10 micro- butions of the borehole wall-rock ma- airborne gravimeter, and has improved seconds) from the beginning of turn-off, trix surrounding the sensor. Tests of the performance in turbulence. SYSTEM VI delivering the highest resolution of near- method were reportedly promising and is designed to withstand 20 g shocks for surface geology with an airborne system. results will be published soon. STC requirements.

An SGL Caravan starts a gravity survey for a carbon capture and storage project in Australia Credit: Sander Geophysics

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Thermo Fisher Scientific’s FXL field X-ray lab Credit: Thermo Fisher Scientific

GROUND SURVEY TECHNIQUES

Abitibi Geophysics entered an agreement with Australia’s RMIT University to fund the development of the ARMIT B- field and dB/dt sensor for ground and borehole geophysical data acquisition. The RMIT team delivered a three-component sensor which was in field testing at presstime. A field test on an early prototype conducted in Utah last August showed that the AR- MIT sensor is quieter than published noise figures for high temperature SQUID sensors and spheric noise. The ARMIT three- component compact sensor weighs only 3 kg and is rugged and low to the ground. It can be firmly placed on the ground without the need for levelling. It operates at ambient temperatures from -40 degrees C to 50 degrees C without the need for cooling with liquid nitrogen or helium. The most challenging survey Abitibi Geophysics conducted in 2011 was an IPower3D IP survey on Baffin Island. The survey successfully identified drill targets despite the short season, the lakes intersecting the zone of interest and the depth to the sulphides. The company also reported that the new TerraScope 18kW TDEM transmitter with selectable base frequency was particularly useful on nickel projects in Ontario and Ungava. EXIGE announced a partnership with South African ground geophysics company Global Geophysical, which performs magnetic, gravity and electrical resistivity surveys in southern Africa. Integrated ground/air geophysics from data acquisition to interpretation are now routinely offered in gold, iron ore, manganese and uranium exploration. EXIGE’s latest alliance with Land & Marine Surveys (LMS) of South Africa adds geophysics (fluxgate magnetic and gravimetry) to its surveying capability. LMS conducts bathymetry with single or multi-beam echo sounders,

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Abitibi Geophysics conducting a borehole Gravilog survey in the Yukon Credit: Abitibi Geophysics & Scintrex

sub-bottom profiling, side-Scan sonar easy to transport and operate from the AGIC saw increased demand for lith- surveys and ROV surveys. back of a truck, mounted on a portable ologic-based, constrained and combined Monex GeoScope P/L, based in Mel- tripod, or in an onsite lab. It includes inversion of ground gravity, airborne bourne, has been working in the industry advanced batteries that support continu- gravity gradient, and magnetic data for for over 10 years. It initially offered con- ous operation on a single charge. With its iron ore. Using the new release of VPmg, sulting on geophysical surveys, specializ- closed-beam design, which requires mini- the inversion allows the introduction of ing in non-standard applications, but over mal licensing in most countries, the Niton geologic and physical property constraints the last five years, as demand grew for its FXL lab is available with 1-mm, 3-mm as well as high magnetic susceptibilities to terraTEM suite of products, Monex has and 8-mm spot sizes; a sample spinner for be accurately modelled. Other develop- widened its focus to include equipment reducing sample heterogeneity issues due ments saw the increased application of design and manufacturing. to particle size; and a 9-inch LCD touch- constrained ground 3-D MT, 3-D EM, screen display. In addition, the Thermo and 3-D DC resistivity and IP inversions Physical Rock Properties Scientific TestAll Geo software automati- with UBC-GIF codes. and Elemental Analysis cally determines the correct analytical test In 2011, AMIRA International Last January, Thermo Fisher Scientific mode for rapid analysis of major and mi- of Melbourne, and TechnoImaging of Billerica, Mass., introduced its all new nor elements in geological samples. launched the three-year AMIRA project Thermo Scientific Niton FXL field X-ray P1058 Spectral induced polarization for lab for mining and exploration. These por- Data Processing and Positioning 3D mineral discrimination, sponsored table analyzers can determine the elemen- Lamontagne Geophysics Ltd. (LGL) of by Abitibi Geophysics, Barrick Gold, tal composition of any sample at all stages Kingston, Ont., continued to develop a BHP Billiton, First Quantum Minerals, of exploration, mining, production, and time-stepping, multigrid, finite-difference Geophysical Resources and Services, refining processes in minutes. The Niton 3-D EM solution suitable for use in both Khumsup, Teck Resources, Quantec FXL analyzer is suited to industrial miner- forward modelling and in EM inversion. Geoscience, and Zonge International. als, precious and base metals, and oil and The inversion software using this solution Central to AMIRA P1058 is the use of the gas applications. It delivers nondestruc- will be initially designed for ISR imaging. Generalized Effective Medium Theory tive, XRF-based elemental analysis with The code is aimed at large-scale fixed-loop of Induced Polarization (GEMTIP) that lab-quality testing performance and low EM geometries. In a typical application with directly relates bulk complex resistivity levels of detection for up to 40 elements. the current code, a model can be rendered spectra with mineral properties. AMIRA Housed in a compact, portable package at 25-metre resolution within a 5-km cube P1058’s research activities include petro- that can be operated virtually anywhere and the regional structure extended over a physical and GEMTIP analysis of world- onsite, the lab is built from durable, dust cube more than 20 km in size. Optimization class mineral deposits, the development of and water-resistant Lexan plastic. Weigh- of the code for use in a High Performance 3-D inversion and mineral discrimination ing less than 14 kg, the Niton FXL lab is Computing cluster is ongoing. software, workflows, and field trials.

20 Supplement to Feb. 27, 2012 edition of The Northern Miner (Vol. 98, No. 2) EXPLORATION TRENDS & DEVELOPMENT IN 2012

Drill-hole Methods ity for holes with 350 metres separation Acquisition projects in North America Abitibi Geophysics carried out borehole and ability to resolve mineralized gold saw DGI field crews operating from coast EM and sonic logging projects in Portugal zones less than 4 metres thick under a va- to coast, and into the Far North. One area and Ireland; hole-to-hole 3-D IP projects riety of host-rock conditions. CCIC also of growth was the DGI expertise in Opti- in Mexico, Honduras and Ghana; and an worked extensively with commercial soft- cal (OTV) and Acoustic (ATV) Teleview- extensive physical properties logging proj- ware developers to ensure that the higher surveying. The televiewers provide ori- ect on a potash development property in resolution surface and borehole data col- ented core/borehole features in-situ, under Eritrea last year. In Ontario and Quebec, lected by the EarthProbe system could be naturally occurring pressure, temperature hole-to-hole 3-D IP surveying continued, presented and inverted to industry stan- and stress. This is important information following early successes that demonstrat- dards and be easily incorporated into a for resource, structural and geotechnical ed to gold exploration companies a good variety of 3-D earth modelling programs. applications. Data are now being acquired correlation of sulphides with gold. During 2011, Delta Epsilon Instru- at earlier stages of projects for use in mul- Caracle Creek International Consul- ments of Grand Junction, Colo., devel- tiple stages of project development. tants (CCIC), based in Toronto, contin- oped a new Micro-Density Tool, the Based on 15 years of borehole log- ued to deploy and develop the EarthProbe GMD-1004. This borehole logging tool ging for quantitative in-situ physical rock high-resolution resistivity/IP surface and uses a small 10 micro-Curie Cs-137 properties, DGI has developed a new borehole system in collaboration with source that does not require a radioactive 2-4C process: a statistically robust meth- Geoserve Logging and Tomography materials licence in most markets. The odology to assess, interpret and define (Markham, Ont.). EarthProbe operates company conducted MCNP modelling relationships between physical rock prop- in four configurations to allow rapid and to derive an optimal source-to-detector erties and other quantitative data sets, accurate imaging of the subsurface: sur- spacing and source-holder characteristics like geochemical, geotechnical, geophysi- face DCIP, borehole profiling, borehole- for the tool. Delta also incorporated into cal and assays. Rigorous calibration and to-borehole tomography, and surface- the GMD-1004 a natural gamma detector standard operating procedures provide to-borehole tomography. Building on with identical measuring geometry for the true multi-disciplinary integration with previous R&D test work, EarthProbe ex- purposes of subtracting the natural gam- accuracy and repeatability, as well as 3-D panded its surface survey capabilities to ma radiation from the apparent density representation. Two years in develop- include longer electrode arrays (up to 1.2 reading. These procedures are done auto- ment, the launch of the 2-4C (“to foresee”) km in length providing theoretical depth matically in the DELogger software, per- process greatly expands DGI’s processing of investigation between 300 metres and mitting a displayed output in engineering and interpretation services. DGI has also 400 metres), winter surveys over frozen units or g/cm3. The company also began used 2-4C to assess QA/QC. The process ground and lakes, and boat-towed ar- to incorporate both memory and GPS bridges the gap between geophysics and rays over open water. With the assistance data in the Delta Epsilon SC-133 portable other geosciences for true integration of of IRAP funding provided by NRCan, scintillometer as an option for 2012. traditionally disparate data sets. EarthProbe’s borehole system was used in Toronto-based DGI Geoscience re- JVX introduced the Clarity3D Down- increasingly wider-spaced holes, proving ported significant growth in both acquisi- hole Spectral IP/Resistivity (DSIP) Sys- its borehole-to-borehole imaging capabil- tion and interpretation services in 2011. tem. The result of a multi-year R&D

Supplement to Feb. 27, 2012 edition of The Northern Miner (Vol. 98, No. 2) 21 EXPLORATION TRENDS & DEVELOPMENT IN 2012

over this kilometre-deep orebody. GEM Systems of Markham, Ont., based its new “Walking VLF” ground system on a new proprietary tilt system first implemented in its airborne version and then migrated to the ground. The new tilt sensor re- places a previous fluid-filled sensor with a solid state chip, significantly improving accuracy. The Walking VLF system can be combined with GEM’s Walking Magnetometer. Sample Time-domain EM equipment (left to Discovery International right): Geonics’ PROTEM CM system; Geophysics conducting rates between 1 and 10 Hz are used Monex GeoScope’s terraTX-50 external a SQUID TEM survey in for walking or mobile surveys, re- transmitter; and Geonics’ G-TEM system Kazakhstan spectively. Data include in-phase, Credit: Geonics and Monex GeoScope Credit: Discovery International Geophysics out-of-phase, horizontal component (x), vertical component (y), and field program, Clarity3D is a major ad- strength in pT. vancement in downhole IP technol- In 2011, Mississauga, Ont.-based ogy. It is used to map orebodies and Geonics developed two new time- mineralization intersected by drill domain systems: PROTEM CM and holes, and can detect anomalies up G-TEM. The PROTEM CM system, to 200 metres off-hole. The system which is based on the well known can survey drill holes to a depth of PROTEM technology, combines the 3 km, collared from surface or from PROTEM receiver and TEM47 bat- underground workings. Clarity3D tery-operated transmitter in a single can acquire large volumes of data unit, smaller in size and about half compared to conventional down- the weight of the individual receiver hole IP systems because it uses up and transmitter components. An to 10 potential electrodes, with all internal lithium-ion battery powers cables inside one shielded sheath. both the receiver and transmitter Thus, each measurement records up section, providing up to eight hours to 10 times the data of a convention- of operation and 24 volts power. The al IP system. The system reduces EM receiver section is compatible with coupling through the use of custom- all other Geonics transmitters in the designed cables, and collects high- reference-cable mode of operation. resolution data with a high signal-to-noise Ground Electromagnetic Methods Geonics has developed a new time- ratio. Clarity3D allows flexible setup with Discovery International is now us- domain EM system, G-TEM, aiming to different electrode arrays, including gradi- ing the Jessy Deep SQUID sensor with reduce cost while maintaining the core ent, cross-hole, pole-dipole, and mise-à-la- SMARTemV and SMARTem24 receiv- performance of the more advanced PRO- masse, and fast, efficient data collection. ers from Electromagnetic Imaging TEM systems, and adding several new The data are used to compute 2-D and Technology (EMIT) of Perth, and high- features. The G-TEM’s features include: 3-D conductivity and chargeability inverse powered transmitters from Phoenix an integrated Panasonic Toughbook com- models, to help direct further drilling. Geophysics (Toronto) and Zonge Inter- puter with 10-inch colour display, user Scintrex has built a borehole gravity national (Tucson, Ariz.), in deep explo- programmable receiver gate positions, training facility in Concord, Ont., where ration for highly conductive targets. Sur- single, multiple or continuous records, it it based. The company, which commer- vey work has expanded from the original multiple data presentation formats, data cialized its Gravilog borehole gravity me- base of operations in the Athabasca ba- inversion software, built-in GPS and 320 ter in Canada in co-operation with Abiti- sin of northern Saskatchewan to the rest GB of data storage. The modular design bi Geophysics, will make the Gravilog of Canada and overseas to Kazakhstan allows receiver and transmitter sections to systems available internationally this year and Portugal. A test survey in 2010 over operate as a single console, or individually, for applications including mining, petro- HudBay Minerals’ Lalor zinc-gold de- to accommodate different layout require- leum, geotechnical and research. posit, in Manitoba, obtained the highest ments. The total console weight, including signal-to-noise TEM data ever obtained a set of batteries for the transmitter and a

22 Supplement to Feb. 27, 2012 edition of The Northern Miner (Vol. 98, No. 2) EXPLORATION TRENDS & DEVELOPMENT IN 2012

set for the receiver section, is only 13 kg. GEM Systems “Walking so completed a major upgrade of the FG-5 GroundMetrics Inc. (GMI) of San VLF” ground EM system absolute gravimeter dropper, now called Diego, is developing a new type of electric Credit: GEM Systems the FG-5X, which eliminates rebound and field (E-field) sensor for applications in- greatly extends the useful drop length. volving measurements of E-fields on land, through subsurface resistivity imaging, Induced Polarization that employs a chemically inert electrode Discovery International has developed an and couples to the E-field via capacitive innovative IP and resistivity survey proce- coupling. The GMI sensor, based on work dure called MRI-32 (Multipole Resistivity of sister company QUASAR Federal Sys- Imaging: 32 channels), which obtains pole- tems (also in San Diego) for defence and dipole, pole-pole and reverse pole-dipole homeland security applications, provides (dipole-pole) array data in one pass along a accurate measurements of the electric survey line. The combination of data from field. The device contacts the ground via three different electrode arrays enhances a proprietary metal surface that is rug- resolution in a common inversion using gedized and weather-proofed to last for Geotomo RES2DINV. The reversed pole- several years, even in extreme conditions. dipole data eliminates the bias from a single The electrodes connect to a 24-bit data- pole-dipole data set, and the pole-pole data acquisition unit that records electric field manufacturer and distributor of terra- adds information at increased depth. The data from 0.03Hz to over 1kHz. The sig- TEM, continued to improve its range of company developed survey procedures to nal source can be any artificial EM source, transient EM products. First introduced in obtain continuous data over land, swamp or natural (e.g. MT or AMT) source. 2010, the fully integrated, high-powered 5 and open water more productively and eco- GroundMetrics is working with Techno- kW terraTX-50 external transmitter was nomically than distributed-array IP/resis- Imaging to provide an acquisition, pro- designed for use with the terraTEM. Max- tivity systems, which produce similar data. cessing and 3-D inversion service. imum loop voltage was increased to 250 V In 2011, GF Instruments of Brno, Mineral, oil and geothermal explora- from 100 V. In 2012, the company plans to Czech Republic, introduced a new model tion and production will be a company fo- implement significant increases in output of the standard version of the ARES in- cus, particularly in places where galvanic power and a new graphical touchscreen strument for resistivity and IP tomogra- systems don’t work well, like dry desert interface that will provide information on phy, equipped with a powerful (850 W) and frozen tundra. The electrodes can be the transmitter performance status, and transmitter (2000 Vp-p, 5 A). The unit can used in mineral exploration surveys with key information from the internal GPS be powered from a 12 V battery or from IP, MT and CSEM. The key performance and crystal synchronization, as well as a generator (via AC/DC convertor) while characteristic of the GMI sensor is that the controlling the transmitter waveform. maintaining full transmitter performance sensor output to a constant signal does not In other developments, the VECTEM for multi-electrode cable measurement vary with the ground resistance. 5, a three-component downhole receiver and for VES. The new, easily portable In 2011, Lamontagne Geophysics probe for use with the surface terraTEM, ARES system in its compact waterproof reported two new hardware develop- is now available in 42-mm or 31-mm ments with inductive source resistiv- OD, and the magPI, a 32-mm B-field ity (ISR), and with UTEM 5. The main probe, was introduced. Monex is work- development in ISR technology was the ing to integrate its terraTEM products use of capacitive electrodes designed for with third-party software and hardware. measurement in very arid areas. The Customization of external housing and Micro-g LaCoste’s new system was used for ISR imaging GUI are now also possible. For exam- FG-5X absolute gravimeter dropper surveys at 2 Hz base frequency. ple, a simultaneous 200 kHz 32-channel Credit: Micro-g LaCoste Lamontagne field-tested its new system multiplexed to 96 channels was UTEM 5 surface EM system, which dem- developed for an application requiring onstrated very high sensitivity, particular- high-resolution sampling. ly in low-frequency measurements. The main features tested were: three-compo- Gravity Surveying nent data reduction, making use of accel- Micro-g LaCoste continued to expand its erometer measurements for orientation, 4-D gravity survey business, using its A10 and simultaneous measurements of the absolute gravimeters. The absolute-gravi- response with up to three transmitter loop ty meter is preferred for 4-D applications locations. The system includes a new sen- where the drift of relative-gravity meters sor, receiver and reduction software. will interfere with the long-period, low- Monex GeoScope, the developer, amplitude gravity signal. The company al-

Supplement to Feb. 27, 2012 edition of The Northern Miner (Vol. 98, No. 2) 23 EXPLORATION TRENDS & DEVELOPMENT IN 2012

casing, can be used in sur- left: Instrumentation GDD’s 32 veys with very high or low channel IP receiver ground resistivity and Credit: Instrumentation GDD achieve a much better depth right: GF Instruments’ ARES of investigation. instrument for resistivity and Last year, Quebec City- IP tomography based Instrumentation Credit: GF Instruments GDD developed new op- tions to install an internal GPS inside all GDD IP receivers (from 2 to 32 channels) to record precise time with full-wave data for post-processing. With the new, small, inexpensive and lightweight GDD IP 2-channel IP receiver ables the box to be kept closed in the field. identifying new targets by reprocessing and the GPS option, the telluric/noise can The IP receivers also have new internal older data sets. be recorded and removed from resistivity/ lithium-ion batteries with longer life and IP data for better readings. With GDD IP operating time. In 2012, all GDD receivers Ground Magnetic Surveying receivers, small chargeability variations will have these features and older models The GDD MPP-EM2S+ probes measure can be detected even in noisy environ- can be upgraded. the magnetic susceptibility (10-6 SI) and ments. New external connectors are now JVX made major advances in develop- the relative and absolute conductivity installed on the Pelican box to connect the ing proprietary spectral IP computation (Mhos/m) of objects such as drill core and electrodes to the receiver and to connect software and has used it with several IP/ field samples. The magnetic susceptibility the battery pack, which en- Resistivity data sets collected in Canada and conductivity information is used for and elsewhere. The company’s Surface planning magnetic and EM geophysical right: The Terraplus KT-10 Spectral IP Computation Technique has surveys. Typically, the MPP probe can be S/C magnetic susceptibility/ conductivity meter aided discovery of significant gold min- used in a core-shack environment with Credit: Terraplus eralization in follow-up drilling pro- a Somo 650-M handheld PDA, or in the grams. In conventional IP/Resistivity field with the more robust Juniper Archer surveys, the chargeability is mea- handheld PDA. The software has been sured as an average of the decaying updated to add a geometric factor that au- secondary voltage after shut-off. tomatically corrects magnetic susceptibili- In spectral IP, the receiver sam- ty values for core diameters or flat surface. ples the decaying voltage many A new single-reading mode freezes the times, defining the shape of display after a reading and new circuitry the decay curve. The curve protects the MPP probe against use of the characteristics are then ana- wrong power supply. lyzed using the Cole-Cole Scintrex upgraded its magnetometers model. This model is defined by with the introduction of the ENVI p+ to four independent parameters which repre- replace the ENVI and ENVI PRO proton sent physical properties of the subsurface, magnetometer and the ENVI Cs to replace namely resistivity (R), chargeability (M), the NavMag cesium magnetometer while time constant (Tau) and the dimension- retaining the features of the original mag- less exponent (C). JVX’s software performs netometers. The ENVI p+ and the ENVI spectral IP (MIP) computation on all mea- Cs use the same console, so the sensors are sured decays from any IP receiver and out- interchangeable with minimal effort. puts the most important parameters: MIP, Terraplus of Richmond Hill, Ont., in- Tau and C. The parameters MIP (related troduced the KT-10 S/C magnetic suscep- to the volume percent metallic sulphides) tibility/conductivity meter for measure- and Tau (related to grain size) are the most ments on rock samples or drill core. The useful to characterize anomalies that have KT-10 S/C can simultaneously measure similar resistivity and chargeability. In gold magnetic susceptibility and conductiv- Scintrex’s ENVI Cs cesium exploration, these parameters provide in- ity or measure magnetic susceptibility or vapour magnetometer formation for picking and prioritizing drill conductivity independently. The instru- Credit: Scintrex targets. The software also has potential for ment comes with an Android application

24 Supplement to Feb. 27, 2012 edition of The Northern Miner (Vol. 98, No. 2) EXPLORATION TRENDS & DEVELOPMENT IN 2012

ware introduced a new generation of IceMap, a GPR system designed specifically for rapid profiling of ice thickness on winter roads. The new IceMap system includes: a wireless, fully integrated tow sled including GPS, automatic picking of ice thickness with continuous graphical and numerical display, thin ice warning in- dicator, data sampling tied to driving speed, simplified ice coring calibration, easy review of recorded data to find all locations thinner than a user-defined threshold, coincident display of real-time survey path on Google Earth, IcePicker PC software with data export in a variety of formats for health and safety reports, GIS platforms and overlays on Google Earth. Sensors & Software’s new version of the Seismic IceMap GPR system Micro-g LaCoste introduced a new long-period seismometer Credit: Sensors & Software in 2011, the LPS-1, which is smaller and more affordable than its successful gPhone gravity monitoring meter.

(compatible with Android-operated smart phones or tablets) for real-time profiling when measuring magnetic susceptibility and conductivity simultaneously. The measurement range for conductivity is 1 to 10,000 S/m, extendable to 100,000 S/m. Its sensitivity for magnetic susceptibility is 1 x 10-6 SI units, the same as the KT-10 magnetic susceptibility meter. Other KT-10 features maintained in the KT-10 S/C include Bluetooth wireless communica- tion, large memory, graphical display and GeoView; a data visualization and post-processing software.

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) EXIGE and partner Open Ground Resources offer GPR for high-resolution mapping of the shallow subsurface. Projects in 2011 included mapping of shallow voids, mining and mineral exploration, with antennas Micro-g-LaCoste’s new long ranging from 40 to 1000 MHz for applications with period seismometer various depths and resolutions. Credit: Micro-g-LaCoste Last year, Mississauga, Ont.-based Sensors & Soft-

AD INDEX Abitibi Geophysics Inc...... 5 Aurora Geosciences...... 11 Condor Consulting, Inc...... 10 GEM Systems Inc...... 9, 19 Geotech Ltd...... OBC McPHAR International Pvt. Ltd...... IFC Sander Geophysics Ltd...... 21 TechnoImaging, LLC...... 13 Terraquest Ltd...... 15 Xcalibur Airborne Geophysics (Pty) Ltd...... 12

PROFESSIONAL DIRECTORY Flux Geophysics Ltd...... 25

Supplement to Feb. 27, 2012 edition of The Northern Miner (Vol. 98, No. 2) 25 EXPLORATION TRENDS & DEVELOPMENT IN 2012 Companies and Websites Abitibi Geophysics Inc.: www.ageophysics.com Geotechnologies: www.gtcomp.ru Phoenix Geophysics: www.Phoenix-Geophysics.com Aerogeophysica Inc.: www.aerogeo.ru GF Instruments: www.GFinstruments.cz Pitney Bowes Business Insight: Aeroquest Airborne: www.aeroquest.ca Global Geophysical: see www.openground.co.za www.PBBusinessInsight.com AirWatch: www.alto-air.com Goldak Airborne Surveys: www.goldak.ca Quantec Geoscience: www.quantecgeoscience.com AMIRA International: www.amira.com.au Gravimetric Technologies: www.CanadianMicro- Quasar Federal Systems: [email protected] Bell Geospace Inc.: www.BellGeo.com Gravity.com Radiation Solutions Inc.: BRGM: www.BRGM.fr GroundMetrics Inc.: [email protected] www.RadiationSolutions.ca Canadian Exploration Geophysical Society: GroundProbe: www.GroundProbe.com RMIT: www.RMIT.edu.au www.KEGSonline.org Infotron: www.Infotron.fr RMS Instruments: www.RMSinst.com Caracle Creek International Consulting Inc.: Institute for Photonic Technology: Sander Geophysics: www.sgl.com www.caraclecreek.com www.IPHT-jena.de Scintrex Ltd.: www.scintrex.com Condor Consulting Inc.: www.CondorConsult.com Instrumentation GDD Inc.: www.gdd.ca Scott Hogg & Associates: www.shageophysics.com Delta Epsilon Instruments: www.DeltaEpsilon.com JVX Ltd.: www.JVX.ca Sensors & Software Inc.: www.SenSoft.ca DGI Geoscience Inc.: www.dgigeoscience.com KASI Aviation Services Inc.: www.kasiaviation.com SkyTEM Surveys: www.SkyTEM.com Discovery International Geophysics: KEGS: www.KEGSonline.org Supracon AG: www.supracon.com www.discogeo.com Lamontagne Geophysics Ltd.: [email protected] TechnoImaging: www.TechnoImaging.com Electromagnetic Imaging Technology: www. Land & Marine Surveys: www.LMsurveys.co.za Terraplus Inc.: www.terraplus.ca electromag.com.au LiDAR Services International Inc.: www.Li- Terraquest Ltd.: www.terraquest.ca EON Geosciences Inc.: www. EONgeosciences.com DARServices.com T.H.E.M. Geophysics Inc.: www.THEMgeo.com EXIGE: www.exigesa.com Medusa Systems BV: www.medusa-online.com Thermo Fisher Scientific: Firefly Aviation Ltd.: www.FireflyAviation.com Micro-g LaCoste Inc.: www.microglacoste.com www.thermoscientific.com/niton Fugro Airborne Surveys: www.FugroAirborne.com Ministère des Ressources Naturelle et de la Thomson Aviation: GEM Systems Inc.: www.gemsys.ca Faune: www.mrn.gouv.qc.ca www.ThomsonAviation.com.au Geological Survey of Canada: www.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca Ministry of Northern Development and Mines: Triumph Surveys Inc.: Geological Survey of Brazil: www.cprm.gov.br www.mndm.gov.on.ca [email protected] Geological Survey of Finland: www.gsf.fi Mira Geoscience: www.MiraGeoscience.com Tundra Airborne Surveys Ltd.: Geonics Ltd.: www.geonics.com Monex GeoScope: www.MonexGeoScope.com.au www.tundraair.com Geophysics GPR International Inc.: MPX Geophysics Ltd.: www.MPXgeophysics.com United States Geological Survey: www.usgs.gov www.geophysicsgpr.com NASA’s ICE Bridge project: www.espo.nasa.gov/oib UQAT: www.UQAT.ca Geoscience Australia: www.ga.gov.au Natural Resources Canada: www.nrcan.gc.ca Victoria Department of Primary Industries: Geoserve Logging & Tomography: www.Geo-LT.com Novatem Inc.: www.novatem.com www.dpi.vic.gov.au Geotech Ltd.: www.geotech.ca Open Ground Resources: www.openground.co.za Zonge International: www.Zonge.com Abbreviations (for acronyms used in the text) A Ampere HRAM High Resolution Air Mag PDA Personal Data Assistant V Volt AC Alternating Current HT High Temperature pT pico Tesla VES Vertical Electric Sounding AEM Airborne EM Hz Hertz = cycles per second QC/QA Quality Control / Quality Vp-p Volts peak-to-peak AFMAG Audio Frequency IP Induced Polarization Assurance VMS Volcanogenic Massive Magnetotellurics IRAP Industrial Research RMIT Royal Melbourne Institute Sulphide a.g.l. above ground level Assistance Program of Technology VLF Very Low Frequency AMT Audiofrequency MT ISR Inductive Source ROV Remotely Operated VTOL Vertical Take-Off and a.s.l. above sea level Resistivity Vehicle Landing B Magnetic Field kW kiloWatt STC Supplementary Type W Watt dB/dt rate of change of LiDAR L ight Detection Certificate XRF X-Ray Fluorescence B with time And Ranging SQUID Superconducting Quan- CSEM Controlled Source EM MCNP Monte Carlo N-Particle tum Interference Device DC Direct Current MT MagnetoTelluric TDEM Time Domain EM EM Electromagnetic NASA National Aeronautic and TEM Transient EM (= TDEM) GB GigaByte Space Administration UAV Unmanned Airborne GIS Geographic NIA D ipole Moment of EM Vehicle Information Systems loop (N= Number of UBC University of GPR Ground Probing Radar turns, I= current, A= area) British Columbia GPS Global Positioning System OD Outside Diameter UTEM University of Toronto EM

26 Supplement to Feb. 27, 2012 edition of The Northern Miner (Vol. 98, No. 2) When the next big mining story of 2012 happens somewhere out here...

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CANADIAN COMPANIES OFFERING AIRBORNE GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS AS A CONTRACT SERVICE 2012 (1/April/2012) Compiled by P.G. Killeen, R.R. #1, Ompah, ON K0H 2J0 (Sheet 1 of 3)

COMPANY ADDRESS OF MAIN TELEPHONE NO/,FAX NO., TYPES OF SURVEY OFFICE E-MAIL/WEBSITE OFFERED* (President or Senior Officer)

Aeroquest Airborne 7687 Bath Road Tel: 905-672-9129 H: AeroTEM, Impulse (FEM), Triaxial (Bob Motz) Mississauga Fax: 905-672-7083 Magnetic Gradiometry, ON L4T 3T1 [email protected] CAR/FEM, CAR/TEM, CAR/AM www.aeroquest.ca FW: AM, AR, AG,TEM EON Geosciences Inc. 6500 Trans-Canada Tel: 514-341-3366 FW: AM, AG, CAM/AR, VLFEM (Khaled Moussaoui) St 120 Ville St-Laurent Fax: 514-341-5366 CAM/AEM Horizontal Gradiometer QC H4T 1X4 [email protected] H: AM, AG, FEM, TEM, CAM/AR, VLFEM www.eongeosciences.com CAM/AEM/AR Firefly Aviation Ltd. Springbank Airport Tel: 403-246-8083 FW: AM (Bruce Evans) Unit #4 550 Hurricane Dr. Fax: 403-202-1493 Calgary AB T3Z 3S8 [email protected] FW: AM, CAM/AEM, CAM/AEM/AR, Fugro Airborne Surveys 2191 Thurston Drive Tel: 613-731-9575 CAM/AR, (OTTAWA) Ottawa Fax: 613-731-0453 AG (FALCON Gravity Gradiometer) (Terry McConnell) ON K1G 6C9 [email protected] (AEM as TEM) www.fugroairborne.com (AM as Total field and Horizontal gradient) H: AM, AEM, CAM/AEM, Fugro Airborne Surveys 2505 Meadowvale Blvd. Tel: 905-812-0212 CAM/AR, CAM/AEM/AR, AG (FALCON (TORONTO) Mississauga Fax: 905-812-1504 Gravity Gradiometer) (Gregory Paleolog) ON L5N 5S2 [email protected] (AEM as TEM and FEM) www.fugroairborne.com (AM as Total Field, Horizontal, Vertical & Triaxial Gradiometer) Geodata Solutions Inc. 1054 des Pervenches Tel: 514-867-9990 FW: AM, CAM/AR (Mouhamed Moussaoui) Laval Fax: 450-689-1013 H: AM, CAM/AR QC H7Y 2C7 [email protected] www.geodatasolutions.ca

*NOTATION: AM - Aeromagnetic; CAM/AEM - Combined Aeromagnetic/Airborne EM; CAM/AR - Combined Aeromagnetic/Airborne Radiometric etc.; VLFEM - Very Low Frequency EM, AG - Airborne Gravity, FEM - Frequency Domain, Helicopter-H, FW-Fixed Wing, TEM - Time Domain, UAV - Unmanned Airborne Vehicle

CANADIAN COMPANIES OFFERING AIRBORNE GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS AS A CONTRACT SERVICE 2012 (1/April/2012) Compiled by P.G. Killeen, R.R. #1, Ompah, ON K0H 2J0 (Sheet 2 of 3

COMPANY ADDRESS OF MAIN TELEPHONE NO.,/FAX NO., TYPES OF SURVEY OFFICE E-MAIL/WEBSITE OFFERED* (President or Senior Officer)

Geophysics GPR 2545 Delorimier Street Tel: 450-679-2400 (800-672-4774 in NA) H: AM, AR, Transverse, Longitudinal, International Inc. Longueuil Fax: 514-521-4128 Vertical Gradiometry (Rejean Paul) QC J4K 3P7 [email protected] VLFEM, Geophex FEM, GPRTEM www.GeophysicsGPR.com Geotech Ltd. 245 Industrial Parkway N Tel: 905-841-5004 H-TEM: VTEM (Ed Morrison) Aurora Fax: 905-841-0611 Natural Field EM (AFMAG): ZTEM ON L4G 4C4 [email protected] Hummingbird FEM CAM/EM, CAM/AR www.geotech.ca FW: CAM/AG Transverse & Longitudinal Magnetic Gradiometer Fixed Wing: AM, CAM/AR, Transverse Goldak Airborne Surveys #2 Hangar Road Tel: 306-249-4474 & Longitudinal, Vertical Gradiometer, (Ben Goldak) Saskatoon Fax: 306-249-4475 VLFEM SK S7L 5X4 [email protected] www.goldak.ca 25 Valleywood Drive MPX Geophysics Ltd. Tel: 905-947-1782 FW: AM, Transverse, Longitudinal, Unit 14 Markham (Daniel McKinnon) Fax: 905-947-1784 Vertical, AR, CAM/AR ON M2N 7C4 Info@ MPXGeophysics.com H: AM, Transverse, Longitudinal, www.MPXGeophysics.com Vertical Gradiometer, CAM/AR New-Sense Geophysics 195 Clayton Drive Tel: 905-480-1107 FW: Horizontal AM, CAM/AR Ltd. Unit 11 Markham Fax: 905-480-1207 H: CAM/AR (Andrei Yakovenko) ON L3R 7P3 [email protected] www.new-sense.com Novatem Inc. 1087, Chemin de la Tel: 450-464-1655 H: COLIBRI AM, CAM/AEM, CAM/AR, (Pascal Mouge) Montagne Cell: 514-966-8000 CAM/AEM/AR; NOVATEM TDEM & Mont-Saint-Hilaire [email protected] Resistivity QC J3G 4S6 www.NOVATEM.com F: CAM/AR

CANADIAN COMPANIES OFFERING AIRBORNE GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS AS A CONTRACT SERVICE 2012 (1/April/2012) Compiled by P.G. Killeen, R.R. #1, Ompah, ON K0H 2J0 (Sheet 3 of 3)

COMPANY ADDRESS OF MAIN TELEPHONE NO.,/FAX NO., TYPES OF SURVEY OFFICE E-MAIL/WEBSITE OFFERED* (President or Senior Officer)

Oracle Geoscience 2639 McCallum Avenue Tel: 705-849-8224 FW: AM, CAM/AR International Regina [email protected] Transverse Longitudinal, Vertical & (Peter Moore) SK S4S 0P6 www.OracleGeoscience.com Triaxial Gradiometer 520-355 Burrard St. Tel: 604 484 9402 H: AM, CAM/AR Precision Geosurveys Vancouver Fax: 604 669 5715 Triaxial Gradiometer, VLFEM Inc. BC V6C 2G8 [email protected] LiDAR (Harmen Keyser) www.precisiongeosurveys.com Sander Geophysics Ltd. 260 Hunt Club Road Tel: 613-521-9626 FW: AM, CAM/AR/VLFEM, AG, (Stephan Sander & Luise Ottawa Fax: 613-521-0215 Scanning LiDAR Sander) ON K1V 1C1 [email protected] Transverse & Longitudinal, Vertical www.sgl.com Gradiometer/VLFEM H: CAM/AR/VLFEM, AG, Vertical Gradiometer/VLFEM, LiDAR Scott Hogg & Assoc. Ltd. 85 Curlew Drive, Tel: 416-444-8245 H: Triaxial Magnetic Gradiometer (Scott Hogg) #104 Toronto Fax: 416-444-4409 ON M3A 2P8 [email protected] www.shageophysics.com Terraquest Ltd. 2-2800 John Street Tel: 905-477-2800 FW: AM, Transverse & Longitudinal, (Howard A. Barrie) Markham Fax: 905-477-2820 Gradiometer/VLFEM/AR, XTerra EM ON L3R 0E2 [email protected] H: CAM/VLFEM/ www.terraquest.ca AR, AEM Resistivity 65 Dorchester Blvd. Tundra Airborne Surveys Tel/Fax: 289-362-1609 FW: AM, CAM/AR/VLFEM, Transverse Unit 48, St Catharines Ltd. ON L2M 7T7 Mobile: 416-432-9657 & Longitudinal Gradiometer (John Charlton) Info@ TundraAir.com www.TundraAir.com

Manufacturers and Principal Distributors of Mining Geophysical and Geochemical Equipment & Software in Canada 2012; Compiled by P.G. Killeen, R.R. #1, Ompah, ON K0H 2J0 (1/April/2012) (Sheet 1 of 2) COMPANY TELEPHONE E-MAIL/WEBSITE SENIOR (FAX) OFFICER

APEX PARAMETRICS LTD. 905-852-5875 [email protected] Tapio Vaarre P.O. Box 818 Uxbridge ON L9P 1N2 CRONE GEOPHYSICS & EXPLORATION 905-270-0096 [email protected] William (Bill) LTD. 3607 Wolfedale Rd (905-270-3472) www.cronegeophysics.com Ravenhurst Mississauga ON L5C 1V8 DUALEM INC. 905-876-0201 [email protected] Rick Taylor 540 Churchill Ave (905-876-2753) www.dualem.com Milton ON L9T 3A2 EXPLORANIUM 613-563-7242 [email protected] Bryan 60 Queen St, Suite 1516 (613-563-3399) www.saic.com/products/security Rockwood Ottawa ON K1P 5Y7 FUGRO AIRBORNE SURVEYS 613-731-9575 [email protected] Terry 2191 Thurston Dr (613-731-0453) www.fugroairborne.com McConnell Ottawa ON K1G 6C9 GEM SYSTEMS INC. 905-752-2202 [email protected] Dr. I. Hrvoic 135 Spy Court (905-752-2205) www.gemsys.ca Markham ON L3R 5H6 GEONICS LTD. 905-670-9580 [email protected] Miro Bosnar Unit 8, 1745 Meyerside Dr (905-670-9204) www.geonics.com Mississauga ON L5T 1C6 GEOSENSORS INC. 416-483-4691 [email protected] Scott 66 Mann Ave (416-483-9909) Holladay Toronto ON M4S 2Y3 416-369-0111 GEOSOFT INC. [email protected] Tim Dobush (416-369-9599) 207 Queens Quay West-Suite 810 www.geosoft.com 1-800-363-6277 Toronto ON M5J 1A7 GEOTECH LTD. 905-841-5004 [email protected] Ed Morrison 245 Industrial Parkway North (905-841-0611) www.geotech.ca Aurora ON L4G 4C4 ICEFIELD TOOLS CORP. 867-633-4264 [email protected] Erik Blake P.O. Box 30085 (867-633-4217) www.icefieldtools.com #300-116 Galena R 1-877-423-3435 Whitehorse YK Y1A 5M2 IFG CORPORATION 905-451-5228 [email protected] Detlef Blohm 26 Bramsteele Rd, Unit 2 (905-451-2877) www.ifgcorp.com Brampton ON L6W 1B3 INSTRUMENTATION GDD INC. 418-877-4249 [email protected] Pierre 860 Boulevard de la Chaudière, St. 200 (418-877-4054) www.gdd.ca Gaucher Québec QC G1X 4B7 KROUM VS INSTRUMENTS LTD. 416-421-6313 [email protected] Kroum 2206-701 Don Mills R www.kroumvsinstruments.com Stamenkov Toronto ON M3C 1R9

Manufacturers and Principal Distributors of Mining Geophysical and Geochemical Equipment & Software in Canada 2012; Compiled by P.G. Killeen, R.R. #1, Ompah, ON K0H 2J0 (1/April/2012) (Sheet 2 of 2) COMPANY TELEPHONE E-MAIL/WEBSITE SENIOR (FAX) OFFICER

LAMONTAGNE GEOPHYSICS LTD. 613-531-9950 [email protected] Dr. Yves 115 Grant Timmins Dr (613-531-8987) www.lamontagnegeophysics.com Lamontagne Kingston ON K7L 4V4 MARINE MAGNETICS 905-709-3135 [email protected] Melissa 135 Spy Court (905-479-9484) Marlowe www.marinemagnetics.com Markham ON L3R 5H6 PATERSON, GRANT & WATSON LTD. 416-368-2888 [email protected] Dr. D. James 155 University Ave, St. 1710 (416-368-2887) www.pgw.on.ca Misener Toronto ON M5H 3B7 PHOENIX GEOPHYSICS LTD. 416-491-7340 [email protected] Leo Fox Unit 3, 3781 Victoria Park Ave (416-491-7378) www.phoenix-geophysics.com Scarborough ON M1W 3K5 PICODAS GROUP CORP. 905-305-0515 [email protected] Frank Bottos Suite 308, Unit 24, 155 E Beaver Creek Rd (905-305-0525) www.picodas.com Richmond Hill ON L4B 2N1 PICO ENVIROTEC INC. 905-760-9512 [email protected] Keith Hall 222 Snidercroft Rd (905-760-9513) www.picoenvirotec.com Concord ON L4K 2K1 RADIATION SOLUTIONS INC. 905-890-1111 [email protected] Jens 386 Watline Ave (905-890-1964) www.radiationsolutions.ca Hovgaard Mississauga ON L4Z 1X2 RMS INSTRUMENTS LTD. 905-677-5533 [email protected] Onorio Rocca 6877-1 Goreway Dr (905-677-5030) www.rmsinst.com Mississauga ON L4V 1L9 SCINTREX LTD. 905-669-2280 [email protected] Chris Nind 222 Snidercroft Rd (905-669-6403) www.scintrexltd.com Concord ON L4K 2K1 SCOTT HOGG & ASSOC. 416-444-8245 [email protected] Scott Hogg 85 Curlew Drive, #104 (416-444-4409) www.shageophysics.com Toronto ON M3A 2P8 SENSORS & SOFTWARE INC. 905-624-8909 [email protected] Dr. Peter 1040 Stacey Court (905-624-9365) www.sensoft.ca Annan Mississauga ON L4W 2X8 W. SODIN (GRAVITY) LTD. 905-886-8632 Wolf Sodin Unit 18, 95 West Beaver Creek Rd (905-886-4477) Richmond Hill ON L4B 1H2 TERRAPLUS INC. 905-764-5505 [email protected] Claude B. Unit 12, 52 West Beaver Creek Rd (905-764-8093) www.terraplus.ca Meunier Richmond Hill ON L4B 1L9

COMMERCIALLY-AVAILABLE INDUCED POLARIZATION (IP) EQUIPMENT 2012 Compiled by P.G. Killeen, R.R. #1, Ompah, ON K0H 2J0 (1/April/2012)

(TD=Time Domain Sensitivityor Receiver Manufacturer Receiver VoltageRange MicroprocessorControlled/Data (Country) FD=Freq.Domain ɸ =Phase Transmitter Cycling Time or Frequency Transmitted Transmitter Power Source Transmitter Model No. Accuracy Memory Weight S=Spectral) Model No. Power (MG=Motor Generator) Weight

TD & FD VIP 3000 3000 W 16 kg 45 - 450 Hz 1 phase

TD & FD VIP 4000 .0625 - 4 Hz 4000 W 45 - 450 Hz 1 phase 16 kg ELREC 6 0.01 mV/V0.6% typ. 10 µV to 10 V Yes/2500stations 8 kg IRIS Instruments accuracy (France)

TD & FD VIP 5000 5000 W 45 - 800 Hz 1 or 3 phases 23 kg ELREC 10 0.01 mV/V0.6% typ. 10 µV to 15 V Yes/3200stations 9 kg accuracy

TD & FD VIP 10000 10000 W 45 - 800 Hz 1 or 3 phases 35 kg

120 V, 60 Hz optional 240 V, GR x 8-32 8 TD Tx 1800W 2400V 1800 W 20 kg .005 mV/V0.5% typ. 5 µV to 16 V PDA 128 MB/RAM 4GB/HD 7.1 kg 50-60 Hz channels

3600 W 120 V, 60 Hz optional 240 V, GR x 8-32 16 TD DM 3600W4800V 2 seconds 2 x 20 kg .005 mV/V0.5% typ. 5 µV to 16 V PDA 128 MB/RAM 4GB/HD 7.6 kg Dual Mode 50-60 Hz channels

GR x 8-32 24 TD Tx 3600W 2400V 3600 W 240V, 50-60 Hz 32 kg .005 mV/V0.5% typ. 5 µV to 16 V PDA 128 MB/RAM 4GB/HD 8.1 kg with Optional 0.5,1, 2, 4, 8, DC channels Instrumentation GDD Inc. (Canada)

DM 7200W - 7200 W GR x 8-32 32 TD 240V, 50-60 Hz 2 x 32 kg .005 mV/V0.5% typ. 5 µV to 16 V PDA 128 MB/RAM 4GB/HD 8.6 kg 4800V Dual Mode channels

TD Tx 5000W 2400V 5000 W 240V, 50-60 Hz 45 kg

DM 10000W - 10000 W TD 240V, 50-60 Hz 2 x 45 kg 4800V Dual Mode

Phoenix Geophysics IPT-1 AC3000 or Battery or 1/2/3 Kw MG 400 30 µV to 10 V, 5 TD & FD, & phase IP FD:DC-5 Hz TD:1/64 to 4 Hz 300 W to 17 kg IPV-1 10 µV 1% No 1 kg (Canada) AC3006 25%/50%/75% duty cycle 3 Kw or 50/60 Hz ranges

Sheet 1 of 2

COMMERCIALLY-AVAILABLE INDUCED POLARIZATION (IP) EQUIPMENT 2012 Compiled by P.G. Killeen, R.R. #1, Ompah, ON K0H 2J0 (1/April/2012)

Transmitter Trans- Transmitter Power Source Transmitter Receiver Sensitivity or Microprocessor Receiver (TD=TimeDomain Voltage Range Manufacturer (Country) Model No. Cycling Time or Frequency mitted (MG=Motor Generator) Weight Model No. Accuracy Controlled/Data Memory Weight FD=Freq.Domain ɸ =Phase Power S=Spectral)

IPT-1 AC3004 or 300 W to Battery or 1/2/3 Kw MG 400 or 10 µV to 10 V TD, FD, ɸ IP & SIP 17 kg V-2 (ɸ IP)2 ch. 10µV 1% Yes internal precision clock 13 kg AC3007 FD &TD: DC-8 KHz 50% 3 Kw 50/60 Hz AGC duty cycle or external Tx drive

T15 : 95 15 Kw or V-4 TD IP ɸ IP 10 µV to 10 V TD, FD, IP & SIP T15/T30 kgT30 : 120 10µV 1% Yes, up to 576 Kb RAM 14 kg ɸ 30 Kw AGC FD &TD: DC-8 KHz 50% MG-15 or MG-30 400 Hz kg SIP 8 ch. Phoenix Geophysics duty cycle or external Tx (Canada) (cont’d) drive

1 µV to 10 V Yes, up to 24Mb (2 Mb TD, FD & IP IPT-2 FD: DC 4 Hz TD: 1/8 Hz 10 Kw MG-15 400 Hz 39 kg 1µV 1% 14 kg ɸ AGC standard) V-5 TD IP ɸ IP SIP 16 ch.

FD &TD: DC-128 Hz 50% TD, FD & SIP IPT-6 Up to MG-65 or MG-100 400 Hz 470 kg duty cycle 100 Kw

Scintrex (Canada) TD & FD IPR-12 8 Better than 1% 50 µV to 14 V Yes, 400 readings 8 dipoles 5.8 kg dipole

GGT-3 DC to 8 kHz 3 KVA 30 kg 3 Kw MG 400 Hz TD & FD ɸ IP & SIP

TD & FD ɸ IP & SIP GGT-10 DC to 8 kHz 10 KVA 51 kg 5, 7.5 & 10 Kw MG 400 Hz Zonge (USA)

GDP-32II 6 0.1 µV to 32 V 13.2 kg incl. TD & FD IP & SIP GGT-30 DC to 8 kHz 30 KVA 0.03 µV ɸ 32 KVA MG 400 Hz channel AGC batt. 93 kg Yes/32 MB/RAM 4 GB/HD

TD & FD NT-20 DC to 512 kHz 480 W Batteries 5 kg GDP-32II 16 0.1µ V to 32 V 19 kg incl. 0.03 µV Yes/32 MB/RAM 4GB HD channel AGC batt. TD & FD ZT-30 DC to 512 Hz 3.6 Kw Batteries 8 kg

Sheet 2 of 2

CAPABILITIES OF AIRBORNE GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY CONTRACTORS 2012 Compiled by P.G. Killeen, R.R. #1, Ompah, ON K0H 2J0 (1/April/2012)

Aerophysics Cessna 206, Piper Navajo FW Cs Vapour Explorer HEM H Picodas PGAM 1000 R (Mexico) Leased H Helimag PMAG 3000 Towed Bird 256 chan T: 52-555-590-9928 (PNAV-GPS + Video) (T) 5 Freq. Coaxial/coplanar (16L or 33L down + 4L up) Aeroquest Airborne Fletcher FU24 x 2 FW Triaxial G (4 sensors) H AeroTEM IV TD H RSI RS-500 R (Canada) Cessna 206 x 2 Scintrex & Geometrics Cs 256-512 chan T: 905-672-9129 PAC750-XL x 4 Vapour AeroTEM HD TD (16L down + 4L up) www.aeroquest.ca Cresco 750 x 1 Exploranium GR-820 256 Cessna 406 x 1 (T, LG, TTG) FW Impulse HEM FD chan (16, 32 or 48L) Leased H TAGS G (GPS and Glonass + Video) GT-1A & 2A Airmag Surveys Cessna 320 x 4 FW Scintrex & Geometrics Cs Totem II VLFEM FW Geoscience R (USA) Cessna 441 Vapour (49L) T: 215-673-2012 (Diff. GPS + Video) (T) www.airmag.com Bell Geospace, Inc. Basler BT-67 FW Geometrics G822A Cs Vapour NA Lockheed Martin FTG GG (USA) Cessna 208B Grand Caravan (T) Full Tensor Gravity T: 281-591-6900 www.bellgeo.com Carson Services Twin Otter x 3 FW Geometrics G833 Cs Sensor & NA Lacoste & Romberg G Inc./Aerogravity Division Scintrex Cs Vapour Sea/Air 3 axis (USA) Sikorsky S-61 H (T) T: 215-249-3535 (DGPS, Video Camera) www.aerogravity.com

(Sheet 1 of 6)

CAPABILITIES OF AIRBORNE GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY CONTRACTORS 2012 Compiled by P.G. Killeen, R.R. #1, Ompah, ON K0H 2J0 (1/April/2012)

EXIGE Kriek IIB x 2 H Fluxgate 'SP' type experimental TBD R (South Africa) H (Modified gyrocopter) (T, Vectors, TTG optional) device 16L and 32 L down T: 27-12-259-0651 (GPS, DGPS, Digital colour video 256/512 chan www.exigesa.com camera, digital flight path) INS-DGPS data G enhancement

Firefly Aviation Ltd. PA31 Piper Navajo x 3 FW Scintrex & Geometrics NA Radiation Solutions R (Canada) Cessna C206 Cs Vapour RSX-5Spectrometer T: 403-246-8083/F: 403-202-1493 (RT-DGPS) (T)

(Sheet 2 of 6)

CAPABILITIES OF AIRBORNE GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY CONTRACTORS 2012 Compiled by P.G. Killeen, R.R. #1, Ompah, ON K0H 2J0 (1/April/2012)

COMPANY AIRCRAFT AEROMAGNETIC AIRBORNE AIRBORNE (Country) Fixed Wing = FW T=Total Field, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIOMETRIC (R), Telephone No. Helicopter = H G=Gradient (Time domain = TD) GRAVITY (G) & GRAVITY Web site (Positioning) L, TT, V=Longitudinal, (Frequency domain = FD) GRADIENT (GG) Transverse & Vertical CASA 212 x 3 FW Fugro FASDAS FW MEGATEM ,GEOTEM FW Fugro Airborne Surveys Cessna 208 Caravan x 2 Scintrex & Geometrics TEMPEST, VLFEM Exploranium GR 820 FW R (Canada) Cessna 208B Grand Caravan x 12 Cs Vapour HELITEM (TD, 2M H (256/512 chan) T: 613-731-9575 2 Cessna 210 x 2 (T, LG, TTG, VG, Triax) Am Dipole, Multicoil X- (49L down & 8.4L up) T: 613-731-0453 Cessna 404 x 1 Helimag H Y-Z Rx) www.fugroairborne.com Cessna 406 x 4 (T, LG, TTG, VG, LTTVG, DIGHEM Digital (5 Freq. RSI RSX-5 H Piper Navajo x 2 Triax) 900 Hz - 56000 Hz, 2 Exploranium GR 820, de Havilland Dash 7 x 1 Coaxial & 3 coplanar coil RSI RS-500 (256/512 chan) Shorts Skyvan x 1 sets) (16.8L down 4.2L up) Commander Shrike x 2 RESOLVE (6 Frequency, Diamond Twin Star x 4 330 Hz - 138,000 Hz, 1 FALCON FW-H GG Chartered Helicopters H Coaxial & 5 coplanar coil (DGPS, RT-DGPS, Digital Video) sets) TAGS FW G HEM + MAGTTG + HRAD CMG GT-1A Geo Data Solutions Inc. Piper Navajo FW Geometrics & Scintrex Totem-2A VLFEM RSI RSX-5 (16L down & R (Canada) ASTAR 350, Bell 206 H Cs Vapour 4L up) T: 514-867-9990 Robinson R44 (T, TTG) www.geodatasolutions.ca (RT-DGPS) Geophysics GPR Hughes 300 H Geometrics Cs Vapour GEOPHEX HEM H Pico Envirotec R International Inc. R44 (T, LG, TTG, VG) GEM-2A Towed Bird (16L) (Canada) Bell 206B/L Multi Freq. T: 450-679-2400 ASTAR BA, B2, B3, Lama Coaxial/Coplanar VLFEM www.GeophysicsGPR.com GPRTEM Geotech Ltd. Cessna 208B FW Geometrics G823A Geotech VTEM TD H RSI RS-500 R (Canada) Grand Caravan x 2 Cs Vapour AFMAG ZTEM FW/H CMG GT-1A G T: 905-841-5004 Eurocopter AS350-B3 x 2 H (T, LG, TTG) Hummingbird FEM H www.geotech.ca

(Sheet 3 of 6)

CAPABILITIES OF AIRBORNE GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY CONTRACTORS 2012 Compiled by P.G. Killeen, R.R. #1, Ompah, ON K0H 2J0 (1/April/2012)

Path Camera) Microsurvey Aerogeofísica Cessna 208B FW Ms Relief VLFEM Picodas/PEI GRS 410 R Scintrex Cs Vapour e Consultoria Científica EMB 820C x2 (33.6L) (T, G) Ltda Piper Navajo PA 31 SP-4 MT with 3 Coils RSI RS-500 (Brazil) 256-512 chan T: 55-21-2445-1773 (16L down & 4L up) www.microsurvey.net Exploranium GR-820 256 chan (16, 32 or 48L) Lockheed Martin FTG GG Full Tensor Gravity MPX Geophysics Ltd. Leased FW Scintrex & Geometrics Cs NA Pico Envirotec R (Canada) Leased H Vapour GRS-10 Spectrometer T: 905-947-1782 (DGPS RT-DGPS, Video) (T, TTG) 256-512 chan www.mpxgeophysics.com (50.4L down & 12.6L up) RSI 500 New-Sense Geophysics Leased: Navajo PA 31, FW Scintrex CS-3 NA RSI RSX-500 R (Canada) Cessna 206 (T, LG) T: 905-480-1107 Leased Bell 206 (stinger) H www.new-sense.com ASTAR (stinger) Cessna 185, 208 FW Novatem Inc. GEM Systems K-Vapour NOVATEM TD H RSI RSX-5 (16L down R Piper Navajo PA 31 (Canada) (T, LG, TTG, VG) & 4L up) Bell 206 H T: 450-464-1655/C: 514-966-8000 Geometrics Cs-Vapour Eurocopter www.NOVATEM.com (T, LG, VG) ASTAR D, BA, B2, B3, Lama

(Sheet 4 of 6)

CAPABILITIES OF AIRBORNE GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY CONTRACTORS 2012 Compiled by P.G. Killeen, R.R. #1, Ompah, ON K0H 2J0 (1/April/2012)

COMPANY AIRCRAFT AEROMAGNETIC AIRBORNE AIRBORNE (Country) Fixed Wing = FW T=Total Field, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIOMETRIC (R), Telephone No. Helicopter = H G=Gradient (Time domain = TD) GRAVITY (G) & GRAVITY Web site (Positioning) L, TT, V=Longitudinal, (Frequency domain = FD) GRADIENT (GG) Transverse & Vertical Oracle Geoscience Piper Navajo FW Geometrics Cs Vapour NA RSI R International (DGPS, RT-DGPS, Digital Video) (T, LG, TTG, VG, Triaxial) 256-512 chan (Canada) (16L down & 4L up) T: 705-849-8224 www.oraclegeosceince.com Bell 206, ASTAR AS350 H Scintrex Cs Vapor Pico Envirotec GRS-10 R Precision Geosurveys Inc. Totem 2A VLFEM H (GPS, DGPS) (T, G) 256/512 chan (Canada) (stinger & bird) Up to 16.8L down, 4.2L up T: 604 484 9402 Scintrex HeliGrav G www.precisiongeosurveys.com Prospectors A. S. Ltda. Piper Chieftain x 2 FW RSI RS-500 R Geometrics Cs vapour AeroTEM TD H (Brazil) Cessna Grand Caravan x 2 (T, LG, TTG) (40L down, 8L up) X3 T.: 55-21-2502-2526 Leased H www.prospectorsbr.com CMG GT-2A G Sander Geophysics Ltd. DIAMOND DA-42 x 3 FW Scintrex & Geometrics Cs SGFEM FW Exploranium GR820 R (Canada) Cessna 404 Vapour (256 chan) (60L) Herz Totem-2A VLFEM T: 613-521-9626 Cessna 208B Grand Caravan x 8 Sander SMAG www.sgl.com BN Islander x 2 (T, LG, TTG, VG) Sander AIR Grav G Eurocopter AS-350B3 H (DGPS, RTDGPS + Video Digital Colour Camera) Scott Hogg & Assoc. Ltd. Leased H Scintrex CS-3 sensors NA NA (Canada) (GPS) (T, TG, LG, TTG, VG, Triaxial) T: 416-444-8245 www.shageophysics.com SkyTEM Surveys Leased Eurocopter B2 or B3 H Geometrics Cs vapour SkyTEM TD H Radiation Solutions R (Denmark) (GPS) sensors, Kroum counter Medusa

T: 45-8620-2050 (T) www.skytem.dk

(Sheet 5 of 6)

CAPABILITIES OF AIRBORNE GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY CONTRACTORS 2012 Compiled by P.G. Killeen, R.R. #1, Ompah, ON K0H 2J0 (1/April/2012)

COMPANY AIRCRAFT AEROMAGNETIC AIRBORNE AIRBORNE (Country) Fixed Wing = FW T=Total Field, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIOMETRIC (R), Telephone No. Helicopter = H G=Gradient (Time domain = TD) GRAVITY (G) & GRAVITY Web site (Positioning) L, TT, V=Longitudinal, (Frequency domain = FD) GRADIENT (GG) Transverse & Vertical Basler BT-67 FW Scintrex Cs vapour Spectrem2000 FW Exploranium GR820 R Spectrem Air (DGPS + video tracking) (T) (32L) (South Africa) T: 27-11-659-1518 www.spectrem.co.za Terraquest King Air 90 Turboprop FW Scintrex Cs Vapour XterraEM FW Picodas PGAM 1000 R (Canada) Cessna 206 (T, LG, TTG) 10-100,000 Hz - 3 coils 256 chan T: 905-477-2800 Navajo 325 VLFEM FW/H (4L, 8L down + 1 up) www.terraquest.ca Leased H (T, VG) (DGPS + Digital Video) PAC 750XL FW Geometrics G822A RSI RS-500 R Thomson Aviation NA Cessna 210L x 3 Cs Vapour (66L) (Australia) Leased H (T) T: +61 2 6964 9487 (NovAtel OEMV-1VBS) www.thomsonaviation.com.au Diamond DA-42 Twin Star FW Tundra Airborne Surveys Scintrex & Geometrics Cs Vp Totem 2A VLFEM Pico Envirotec R Piper Navajo x 2 (Canada) (T, LG, TTG) 256 chan Leased H T: 289-362-1609 (DGPS + RT-DGPS + Digital Video) (T,TG,LG,TTG,VG,TRIAXIAL) (32L down & 4L up) www.TundraAir.com UTS Geophysics Fletcher FU24 x 2 FW Scintrex & Geometrics Cs AeroTEM TD H RSI RS-500 R (Australia) Cessna 206 x 2 Vapour 256-512 chan T: 61-8-9479-4232 PAC750-XL x 4 (T, LG, TTG) Impulse HEM FD (32L down & 4L up) www.uts.com.au Cresco 750 x 1 Exploranium GR-820 Cessna 406 x 1 GEM-2A FD 256 chan (16, 32, 48L) Leased H TAGS G (GPS and Glonass + Video) CMG GT-1A Xcalibur Airborne Turbo Islander x 3 FW Geometrics Cs vapour Exploranium GR-820 R

Geophysics (PTY) Ltd. Airtractor x 2 (T, LG, TTG) RSI RS-5OO (South Africa) NA

T: 27-12-543-2540 www.xagsa.com

(Sheet 6 of 6) MINING GEOPHYSICAL EQUIPMENT AND SOFTWARE COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE IN CANADA 2012 Compiled by P.G. Killeen, R.R. #1, Ompah, ON K0H 2J0 (1/April/2012)

AIRBORNE EQUIPMENT ELECTROMAGNETIC GROUND EQUIPMENT

COMPANY Data Magnetometers EM Scint. Drillhole Horl. VLF EM Other Scint. IP Magnetometers Resistivity Gravi- Suscepti- Other Acquisition Spectro- Loop EM Spectro- meters bility & meters EM meters Meters Software

APEX MAX- PARAMETRICS MIN 1 CRONE 3D-PEM-500W CEM RADEM Pulse (PEM) IP-250 PEM S GEOPHYSICS 3D-PEM-2.4 kW 500 w, Sounding 3D-PEM-4.8kW 2.4 kW, 4.8 kW SHOOT- BACK CEM, VEM DUALEM DUALEM-1 DUALEM-2 DUALEM-21 DUALEM-4 DUALEM-42 DUALEM-421 DUALEM-642 EXPLORANIUM GR-660 GR-135 GR-820 FUGRO S AIRBORNE Custom SURVEYS Solutions GEM DAS Magnetometer GSM-90AV GSM-19V Potassium

SYSTEMS (Real time GSMP-35A (Overhauser GSMP-35 (Walking) data display Airborne w VLF) GSMP-35G

& VLFEM GSM-19GV (Walking Complete Birds Acquisition) (Overhauser Gradiometer) GSMP-35A(B) Grad Overhauser (Software) (Mag) w VLF) GSM-19 GSMP-35GA(B) GSM-19TV GSM-19W (Walking)

(Vertical (Proton with GSM-19G

Gradiometer) VLF) (Gradiometer)

GSM-19TGV GSM-19GW GSMP-35GA3(B)

(Sheet 1 οf 6) MINING GEOPHYSICAL EQUIPMENT AND SOFTWARE COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE IN CANADA 2012 Compiled by P.G. Killeen, R.R. #1, Ompah, ON K0H 2J0 (1/April/2012)

AIRBORNE EQUIPMENT ELECTROMAGNETIC GROUND EQUIPMENT

GEM (Tri-Axial (Proton Grad (Walking SYSTEMS Gradiometer) w VLF) Gradiometer) (CONT) GSMP-35V Proton (Potassium GSM-8 w VLF) GSM-19T GSMP-35GV GSM-19TW (Potassium (Walking) grad w VLF) GSM-19TG (Gradiometer) GSM-19TGW (Walking Gradiometer) GEONICS BH 43 EM-16 Protem EM 16R DL720 BH 43-3D Tx27 67,47,57-MK2, EM31- Logger EM 39 CM, 67-Plus MK-2 DL600 EM 39S EM 42 EM31-3 Logger MAG 43-3D EM 61-MK2 EM34-3 DAS 70 EM61-MK2- EM38 DAS 70ML HP EM31-S Logger EM 61-HH- EM38DD S MK2 EM38B EM 63-3DMK2 EM-38-MK2 EM 61-MK2A GTEM GEOSENSORS Custom Multi-channel Custom EM Sensors High Rate FDEM, TEM Processors Helicopter Towed Bird & Fixed Mount GEOSOFT S

(Sheet 2 οf 6)

MINING GEOPHYSICAL EQUIPMENT AND SOFTWARE COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE IN CANADA 2012 Compiled by P.G. Killeen, R.R. #1, Ompah, ON K0H 2J0 (1/April/2012)

AIRBORNE EQUIPMENT ELECTROMAGNETIC GROUND EQUIPMENT

COMPANY Data Magnet- EM Scint. Drillhole Horl. VLF Other Scint. IP Magnetometers Resistivity Gravi- Suscepti- Other Acquisition ometers Spectro- Loop EM EM Spectro- meters bility & meters EM meters Meters Software

GEOTECH LTD. Hummingbird Humming- M200 S H-DAS Bird FEM VTEM Time Domain ZTEM AFMAG ICEFIELD MI-03 S MI-03N Borehole Surveying & Magnetics IFG Resistivity S Conductivity IP Magnetic Temperature Gamma Density Caliper Tilt Orientation

Instrumentation SSW Probe Pulse (PEM) TX1800D MAG-GPS + MPP-EM2S+ Probe MPP- Chain + Level GDD Inc. Conductivity TRM 3600W M EM BM7+ Beep Mat EM2S+ Density Meter Susceptibility 10AA - 7200W BM8 with GPS Probe Beep LST Nickel Grade 2400V TX3600 Mat BM8 W with GPS RX8-32 KROUM VS KANA8 KMAG4 INSTRUMENTS SDAS1-PPC

(Sheet 3 οf 6)

MINING GEOPHYSICAL EQUIPMENT AND SOFTWARE COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE IN CANADA 2012 Compiled by P.G. Killeen, R.R. #1, Ompah, ON K0H 2J0 (1/April/2012)

AIRBORNE EQUIPMENT ELECTROMAGNETIC GROUND EQUIPMENT

LAMONTAGNE BHUTEM-4 Large Loop Borehole & System EM Surface Tx. S UTEM3E UTEM3E Tx. ISR/UTEM UTEM3E system Master/ Slave Tx. UTEM4 & UTEM4B Tx. (11kW) MARINE Magnum Sentinel Base MAGNETICS Magnetometer Stn. Mag. PATERSON, S GRANT & WATSON LTD. PHOENIX V5-PDAS V5-TEM Resistivity V5- VLF-2 V5 IPT-1/2/6 RV-1/2 CT-2 & Mag Probe FDEM AMT IPV-1 RT-1 IP Core CSAMT T-15/30 Tester MT V-2/4/5 S PICODAS PDAS P101 HELIMAG II Explorer/ PGAM S AGIS II AIRMAG I C/C 1000, Mag. 6 Freq. GRS 400 Comp. Series PICO AGIS-XP MMS-4 GRS-10 PGIS-S PGIS-M PEIcal. Praga ENVIROTEC IRIS-XP GMAG GRS-16 3 (Spectrom. PGIS AUTO-MAG Autospec Processing) GEOIMAGE Heli-pack PEIconv. Digital Smart Dart PEIview Video Smart Dart

(Sheet 4 οf 6)

MINING GEOPHYSICAL EQUIPMENT AND SOFTWARE COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE IN CANADA 2012 Compiled by P.G. Killeen, R.R. #1, Ompah, ON K0H 2J0 (1/April/2012)

AIRBORNE EQUIPMENT ELECTROMAGNETIC GROUND EQUIPMENT

RADIATION RS-500 Handheld: SOLUTIONS INC. series RS-111, 111T (RSI) RSX-4 (16L) NaI RS-120, RSX-5 (16L + 120T NaI RS- 4L) 121, 121T RS-501 I/F NaI, RS-125, Console 125T NaI RS-700 RS-230 BGO series Vehicle RSX-1 (4L) Mount: RS-701 I/F RS-700 Console Series RS-705 I/F RSX-1 (4L) Console RS-701 I/F Console RS-705 I/F Console RMS GP 300 DAARC 500 Herz Herz Base Stn. Mag. S INSTRUMENTS DAARC 500 AARC 500 Totem Totem Geometrics Windows DAS 500 AARC510 2A 2A Portable CS & GP 300 Compensator Proton Mags. Graph Printer Geometrics Chart Mags. Recorder

SCINTREX CS-3 ENVI IPR-12 NAVMAG SARIS CG-5 Training CS-3SL VLF Rx ENVIMAG Custom GGT CS-3 Design- Series ENVI-CS Consulting Tx S SCOTT HOGG & ASSOC. S

(Sheet 5 οf 6) MINING GEOPHYSICAL EQUIPMENT AND SOFTWARE COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE IN CANADA 2012 Compiled by P.G. Killeen, R.R. #1, Ompah, ON K0H 2J0 (1/April/2012)

AIRBORNE EQUIPMENT ELECTROMAGNETIC GROUND EQUIPMENT

SENSORS & PulseEKKO S SOFTWARE & NOGGIN GPR SODIN 100 100T 200 200T GSMP-30A GSM-90 AV RS-500 GyroTracer GSM- GDP-3224 RS-111 Elrec Pro GSM-8 Syscal kid Burris KT-9 ES-3000 TERRAPLUS Promis GSMP-30GS VLF QL40-ABI 19V GGT-3 RS-120 Elrec 6 GSM-19 Syscal R1 Plus KT-10 Geode

GSMP-30G3 QL40-OBI GSM- GGT-10 RS-121 Elrec 2 GSM-19G Syscal Junior KT-10 S/C Smartseis GSMP-30G4 QL40-FWS 19GV GGT-30 RS-125 VIP-3000 GSM-19W Syscal Pro MS-2 Seimographs QL40-MAGSUS T-VLF ProeEx -GPR RS-230 VIP-4000 GSM-19T Ohm-Mapper QL-MAGSUS Borehole QL40-GAMMA X3M GPR RS-700 VIP-5000 GSMP-35 Seismic System QL40-ELOGIP Stratagem Pima SP VIP-10000 GSM-90 StrataVisor QL40-SGR Numis Lite RT-50 IP/L Viibsit-20 QL40-CALIPER Numis Plus QL- Vibsit-50

MagCruiser Numis Poly ELOGIP Vibsist-3000 RCAM-1000 GEM-2 WellCadReflex

(Sheet 6 οf 6)