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Sittwe Camp Profiling Report 2017

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Sittwe Camp Profiling Report 2017 SITTWE CAMP PROFILING REPORT 2017 Reproduction and dissemination for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorised without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Profiling coordinator and report preparation: Stephanie Matti The profiling exercise was a CCCM exercise co-led by: Danish Refugee Council (DRC) and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Technical support: JIPS and NorCap Cover photo: A man and his grandson at Basara IDP Camp (Photo: OCHA/D.Longstreath) The profiling exercise was funded by the European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (ECHO) and UNHCR Printed: 2017 Report preparation: June 2017 Data collection: November 2016 to April 2017 2 Sittwe Camp Profiling Report 2017 Acronyms 4 TABLE OF Executive Summary 5 Introduction and background 10 CONTENTS Why profiling? 13 Methodology 15 Who is in the camps? 23 Communicating 34 Education 41 Shelter 50 Water and sanitation 67 Health 71 Employment 86 Financial situation 104 Food security and coping mechanisms 114 Movement 124 Community relations and vulnerability 127 Self-identified priority needs 135 Looking forward 143 Conclusion 150 References 152 Annex 1: Alternate camp names 154 Annex 2: Enumeration questionnaire 155 Annex 3: Household survey 157 Annex 4: FGD guide 169 Annex 5: Camp maps 172 Acknowledgements 185 Sittwe Camp Profiling Report 2017 3 ACRONYMS CCCM Camp Coordination and Camp Management DRC Danish Refugee Council FGD Focus Group Discussion JIPS Joint Internally Displaced Person Profiling Service UN United Nations UNOCHA UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs UNHCR UN High Commissioner for Refugees WFP World Food Programme 4 Sittwe Camp Profiling Report 2017 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION In order to obtain more detailed information on this displacement situation, the Camp Rakhine State, located in western Myanmar, is Coordination and Camp Management Cluster home to roughly 3.2 million people. Compared (CCCM), the Danish Refugee Council (DRC), to the rest of the country, Rakhine State is and the United Nations High Commissioner relatively underdeveloped. The majority of the for Refugees (UNHCR) conducted a profiling population are Buddhists from the Rakhine exercise on internally displaced persons in ethnic group; in addition, nearly three in ten Sittwe, with the support of the Rakhine State people are Muslim. Government. In 2012, two waves of inter-communal violence between Buddhist Rakhine and Muslims in OBJECTIVES Rakhine State left dozens dead and tens of thousands of people displaced. As of the The profiling exercise was conducted to address beginning of 2017, about 121,000 people the need for up-to-date information on the remain displaced, most of whom live in Sittwe situation faced by people displaced by the 2012 Township. crisis in Sittwe Township. The specific objectives of the exercise were to: To reduce the chances of further violence, the • Update population figures for the Sittwe Government segregated the two communities rural camps, based on anonymous data in Sittwe Township in 2012, and cordoned off a disaggregated by age, sex, location, place rural area on the outskirts of Sittwe for Muslims of origin and diversity; who were displaced. Movement restrictions for these internally displaced people remain • Analyse the displacement history of the in place as of June 2017. Meanwhile, many target population; Rakhine who were displaced were settled in • Analyse the current situation of target four camps in Sittwe Town. In 2015, these sites populations, including their socio-economic were either relocated, or their residents were situation, living conditions, and protection locally integrated and provided with housing. concerns; Sittwe Camp Profiling Report 2017 5 • Develop a better understanding of the The exercise also convened 15 focus group vulnerability, capacities, coping mechanisms, discussions to provide additional information and future intentions and perceptions of on several topics covered by the household target populations; survey, such as intra- and inter-communal relations, social cohesion, and future intentions • Provide a dataset available to the and perceptions. Mapping exercises were Government, and humanitarian and conducted in cases where information was development community; and lacking on the number of makeshift shelters • Develop a methodology and data in certain camps. This was important for collection tools that could be replicated guiding data collection, and ensuring that all in other Rakhine townships with displaced households were covered in the enumeration. populations. To ensure community buy-in for the profiling exercise, a large-scale community awareness raising campaign was conducted before the METHODOLOGY enumeration and household survey took place. The profiling exercise covered four target populations in Sittwe Township: all four Rakhine Limitations of the profiling exercise include the relocated sites and all 14 Muslim camps, as well following: the exercise only provided updated as two host communities: Rakhine villages and population figures for the Muslim camps in rural Muslim villages. Sittwe, not the other population groups; it was conducted in the cold dry season, when food A desk review and informant interviews on security indicators are generally higher; and the displacement situation in Sittwe Township information was not collected on respondents’ guided the development and implementation gender or age. The findings cannot be used as phases of the exercise. In addition to informal a proxy for the needs or living conditions of interviews with relevant stakeholders, the other Muslims, displaced or non-displaced, in exercise reviewed over 50 reports, surveys, Rakhine State. needs assessments, and other documents on displacement in Myanmar. MAIN RESULTS An enumeration was conducted, which found that 17,618 households were living in WHO IS IN THE CAMPS? the Muslim camps. The short enumeration Based on the enumeration, there were 17,618 questionnaire provided basic information about households, or 97,484 people, living in 14 the Muslim camp population and informed camps in rural Sittwe in January 2017. From the sampling strategy. This was followed by the household surveys administered to a 4,662 household surveys administered to a representative sample of this population, 94 per sample of the target populations, to gain more cent of people living in camps left their place in-depth information on their situation. The of origin in 2012. Furthermore, 98 per cent of surveys were conducted using mobile devices households had been in camps for more than by Government enumerators in Rakhine areas three years, and more than half had been there and camp management agency staff in Muslim for four-and-a-half years. areas. 6 Sittwe Camp Profiling Report 2017 COMMUNICATING WATER and SANITATION Among Rakhines, more than 85 per cent of adults As of April 2017, 4,649 latrines were maintained were reported to be literate. More than 95 per in the Muslim camps. Overall, there is an average cent of Rakhines surveyed spoke the Myanmar of one latrine for 21 people in the Muslim language, while children aged 6 to 9 years from camps. This ratio is highest in Thae Chaung (one Rakhine relocated sites were less likely to speak latrine for 63 people), followed by Dar Paing Myanmar. (28 people) and Say Tha Mar Gyi (22 people). SPHERE standards recommend a maximum of 20 Younger Muslims were less likely to be able people per latrine. to speak the Rakhine or Myanmar languages. Drinking water in the Muslim camps comes from In Muslim camps, there is a strong correlation shallow boreholes (generally six to ten metres between speaking Rakhine and having more deep), fitted with hand pumps. All the camps stable job opportunities. However, Muslims in the Sittwe rural area with the exception of often reported having few opportunities to learn Thae Chaung meet the SPHERE standard, which or practice these languages. indicates that there should be at least 1 hand pump for every 192 people. EDUCATION School attendance among Rakhine children was HEALTH high, at over 94 per cent for primary and middle Healthcare was a key expense for both Muslim school-aged girls and boys. It was lower for and Rakhine households, and was one of the high school-aged girls and boys, at 80 per cent main reasons households took out loans. The in Rakhine villages and 55 per cent in Rakhine Government provides the highest-level health relocated sites. In Muslim camps, over 80 per facilities in the Sittwe rural camp area, while cent of primary school-aged girls and boys were humanitarian partners run additional clinics attending school or temporary learning spaces. in most camps. More than three-quarters of School attendance was lowest in Muslim villages, households that experienced a serious health with less than two-thirds of primary school-aged issue in the past six months sought healthcare. boys and girls attending school. Eight hundred women (comprising roughly 30 per cent of pregnant women) in Muslim camps SHELTER reported having had serious pregnancy-related issues in the past six months. Less than 10 per As of February 2017, the Government and cent of Muslim children under the age of five humanitarian partners had provided 1,827 had birth certificates, compared with two-thirds temporary shelters in the Sittwe rural camps. of Rakhine children of the same age. 70,573 people were living in eight-unit temporary shelters (72 per cent), 10,313 people in 10-unit temporary shelters (11 per cent), 16,404 people EMPLOYMENT in makeshift shelters (17 per cent), and 273 were Eighty-five per cent of working-aged Rakhine living in wooden or concrete housing (0.3 per males were participating in the labour force, cent). Temporary shelters have deteriorated over compared to 74 per cent among males in Muslim the years, and in May 2017, 1,440 shelter units villages and 66 per cent in Muslim camps. (housing roughly 8,000 people) fully collapsed Approximately 44 per cent of work-aged Rakhine due to Cyclone Mora. females were participating in the labour force, compared to less than 15 per cent of Muslim females.
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