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La Oroya Metallurgical Complex COMPLEMENTARY HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT La Oroya Metallurgical Complex Prepared for Doe Run Peru Victor Andres Belaunde 147 Torre Real 3, Piso 9, San Isidro Lima, Peru Prepared by 7900 SE 28th Street Suite 410 Mercer Island, WA 98040 November 21, 2008 Complementary Human Health Risk Assessment La Oroya Metallurgical Complex November 21, 2008 CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES...................................................................................................................................vi LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................................viii ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS...............................................................................................xi GLOSSARY OF TERMS .......................................................................................................................xiv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................... xvii 1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................1‐1 1.1 RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH AND SCOPE .............................................................1‐1 1.2 SUMMARY OF THE 2005 RISK ASSESSMENT...............................................................1‐2 1.3 REPORT ORGANIZATION ................................................................................................1‐4 2 SITE CHARACTERIZATION.......................................................................................................2‐1 2.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPLEX AND ITS OPERATIONS......................................2‐1 2.1.1 Updates to the Complex........................................................................................2‐2 2.1.2 Chemicals Released from the Complex...............................................................2‐3 2.2 COMMUNITY INTERVENTIONS.....................................................................................2‐3 2.3 DESCRIPTION OF SURROUNDING POPULATION ....................................................2‐5 2.4 IDENTIFICATION OF EXPOSURE PATHWAYS ...........................................................2‐6 3 DATA EVALUATION....................................................................................................................3‐1 3.1 SUMMARY OF EXISTING DATA......................................................................................3‐1 3.1.1 Air Monitoring Data ..............................................................................................3‐1 3.1.2 Soil Data...................................................................................................................3‐6 3.1.3 Dust Data.................................................................................................................3‐7 3.1.4 Drinking Water Data..............................................................................................3‐8 3.1.5 Blood Lead Data .....................................................................................................3‐9 3.1.6 Food and Diet Data ................................................................................................3‐9 3.1.7 Worker Morbidity and Mortality Data..............................................................3‐13 3.2 AIR MODELING ACTIVITIES..........................................................................................3‐13 3.3 CHEMICALS TO BE EVALUATED.................................................................................3‐16 3.3.1 Chemicals in Air ...................................................................................................3‐17 3.3.2 Chemicals in Surface Soil ....................................................................................3‐18 3.3.3 Chemicals in Outdoor Dust ................................................................................3‐20 3.3.4 Chemicals in Indoor Dust....................................................................................3‐20 3.3.5 Chemicals in Water ..............................................................................................3‐21 3.3.6 Chemicals in Diet..................................................................................................3‐22 Integral Consulting Inc. ii Complementary Human Health Risk Assessment La Oroya Metallurgical Complex November 21, 2008 4 EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT...........................................................................................................4‐1 4.1 ASSESSING EXPOSURES TO SULFUR DIOXIDE AND PARTICULATE MATTER .4‐2 4.1.1 Sulfur Dioxide.........................................................................................................4‐3 4.1.2 Particulate Matter...................................................................................................4‐4 4.2 ASSESSING EXPOSURES TO LEAD .................................................................................4‐4 4.2.1 Exposure Models for Children .............................................................................4‐5 4.2.2 Adult Lead Exposure Model...............................................................................4‐13 4.3 ASSESSING EXPOSURES TO METALS OTHER THAN LEAD..................................4‐20 4.3.1 Exposure Assumptions for All Pathways.........................................................4‐20 4.3.2 Soil and Dust Ingestion Intakes..........................................................................4‐22 4.3.3 Inhalation Intakes.................................................................................................4‐26 5 TOXICOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT.............................................................................................5‐1 5.1 OVERVIEW OF TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION PROCESS....................................5‐1 5.1.1 Evaluation of Carcinogenic Effects ......................................................................5‐1 5.1.2 Evaluation of Noncarcinogenic Effects ...............................................................5‐2 5.2 SULFUR DIOXIDE AND PARTICULATES......................................................................5‐3 5.2.1 Sulfur Dioxide and Sulfuric Acid Health Effects ...............................................5‐3 5.2.2 Sulfur Dioxide Health‐Based Criteria..................................................................5‐5 5.2.3 Particulate Matter Health Effects and Health‐based Criteria ..........................5‐8 5.3 LEAD ....................................................................................................................................5‐10 5.3.1 Lead Toxicokinetics..............................................................................................5‐11 5.3.2 Lead Health Effects ..............................................................................................5‐13 5.3.3 Lead Carcinogenicity ...........................................................................................5‐16 5.4 ARSENIC..............................................................................................................................5‐17 5.4.1 Arsenic Toxicokinetics.........................................................................................5‐18 5.4.2 Arsenic Health Effects..........................................................................................5‐19 5.5 CADMIUM ..........................................................................................................................5‐25 5.5.1 Cadmium Toxicokinetics.....................................................................................5‐26 5.5.2 Cadmium Health Effects .....................................................................................5‐27 5.5.3 Cadmium Carcinogenicity ..................................................................................5‐29 5.6 ANTIMONY ........................................................................................................................5‐30 5.6.1 Antimony Toxicokinetics ....................................................................................5‐30 5.6.2 Antimony Health Effects.....................................................................................5‐30 5.6.3 Antimony Carcinogenicity..................................................................................5‐32 5.7 COPPER................................................................................................................................5‐32 5.7.1 Copper Toxicokinetics .........................................................................................5‐34 Integral Consulting Inc. iii Complementary Human Health Risk Assessment La Oroya Metallurgical Complex November 21, 2008 5.7.2 Copper Health Effects..........................................................................................5‐34 5.7.3 Copper Carcinogenicity.......................................................................................5‐37 5.8 THALLIUM..........................................................................................................................5‐37 5.8.1 Thallium Toxicokinetics ......................................................................................5‐38 5.8.2 Thallium Health Effects.......................................................................................5‐38 5.8.3 Thallium Carcinogenicity....................................................................................5‐40
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