Human Ecology: a Perspective for Biology Education
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Human Ecology Review
HUMAN ECOLOGY REVIEW Volume 22, Number 1, 2015 RESEARCH AND THEORY IN HUMAN ECOLOGY Introduction: Progress in Structural Human Ecology 3 Thomas Dietz and Andrew K. Jorgenson Metatheorizing Structural Human Ecology at the Dawn of the Third Millennium 13 Thomas J. Burns and Thomas K. Rudel Animals, Capital and Sustainability 35 Thomas Dietz and Richard York How Does Information Communication Technology Affect Energy Use? 55 Stefano B. Longo and Richard York Environmental Sustainability: The Ecological Footprint in West Africa 73 Sandra T. Marquart-Pyatt Income Inequality and Residential Carbon Emissions in the United States: A Preliminary Analysis 93 Andrew K. Jorgenson, Juliet B. Schor, Xiaorui Huang and Jared Fitzgerald Urbanization, Slums, and the Carbon Intensity of Well-being: Implications for Sustainable Development 107 Jennifer E. Givens Water, Sanitation, and Health in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Cross-national Analysis of Maternal and Neo-natal Mortality 129 Jamie M. Sommer, John M. Shandra, Michael Restivo and Carolyn Coburn Contributors to this Issue 153 Research and Theory in Human Ecology 1 Introduction: Progress in Structural Human Ecology Thomas Dietz1 Environmental Science and Policy Program, Department of Sociology and Animal Studies Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States Andrew K. Jorgenson Department of Sociology, Environmental Studies Program, Boston College, Boston, United States Abstract Structural human ecology is a vibrant area of theoretically grounded research that examines the interplay between structure and agency in human– environment interactions. This special issue consists of papers that highlight recent advances in the tradition. Here, the guest co-editors provide a short background discussion of structural human ecology, and offer brief summaries of the papers included in the collection. -
Integrating Ecological Risk Assessment and Economic Analysis in Watersheds: a Conceptual Approach and Three Case Studies
EPA/600/R-03/140R September 2003 Integrating Ecological Risk Assessment and Economic Analysis in Watersheds: A Conceptual Approach and Three Case Studies National Center for Environmental Assessment Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH DISCLAIMER This document has been reviewed in accordance with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency policy and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. ABSTRACT This document reports on a program of research to investigate the integration of ecological risk assessment (ERA) and economics, with an emphasis on the watershed as the scale for analysis. In 1993, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency initiated watershed ERA (W- ERA) in five watersheds to evaluate the feasibility and utility of this approach. In 1999, economic case studies were funded in conjunction with three of those W-ERAs: the Big Darby Creek watershed in central Ohio; the Clinch Valley (Clinch and Powell River watersheds) in southwestern Virginia and northeastern Tennessee; and the central Platte River floodplain in Nebraska. The ecological settings, and the analytical approaches used, differed among the three locations, but each study introduced economists to the ERA process and required the interpretation of ecological risks in economic terms. A workshop was held in Cincinnati, OH in 2001 to review progress on those studies, to discuss environmental problems involving other watershed settings, and to discuss the ideal characteristics of a generalized approach for conducting studies of this type. Based on the workshop results, a conceptual approach for the integration of ERA and economic analysis in watersheds was developed. -
Chapter 3: the Rise of the Antinuclear Power Movement: 1957 to 1989
Chapter 3 THE RISE OF THE ANTINUCLEAR POWER MOVEMENT 1957 TO 1989 In this chapter I trace the development and circulation of antinuclear struggles of the last 40 years. What we will see is a pattern of new sectors of the class (e.g., women, native Americans, and Labor) joining the movement over the course of that long cycle of struggles. Those new sectors would remain autonomous, which would clearly place the movement within the autonomist Marxist model. Furthermore, it is precisely the widening of the class composition that has made the antinuclear movement the most successful social movement of the 1970s and 1980s. Although that widening has been impressive, as we will see in chapter 5, it did not go far enough, leaving out certain sectors of the class. Since its beginnings in the 1950s, opposition to the civilian nuclear power program has gone through three distinct phases of one cycle of struggles.(1) Phase 1 —1957 to 1967— was a period marked by sporadic opposition to specific nuclear plants. Phase 2 —1968 to 1975— was a period marked by a concern for the environmental impact of nuclear power plants, which led to a critique of all aspects of nuclear power. Moreover, the legal and the political systems were widely used to achieve demands. And Phase 3 —1977 to the present— has been a period marked by the use of direct action and civil disobedience by protesters whose goals have been to shut down all nuclear power plants. 3.1 The First Phase of the Struggles: 1957 to 1967 Opposition to nuclear energy first emerged shortly after the atomic bomb was built. -
A Measure of Risk Tolerance Based on Economic Theory
A Measure Of Risk Tolerance Based On Economic Theory Sherman D. Hanna1, Michael S. Gutter 2 and Jessie X. Fan3 Self-reported risk tolerance is a measurement of an individual's willingness to accept risk, making it a valuable tool for financial planners and researchers alike. Prior subjective risk tolerance measures have lacked a rigorous connection to economic theory. This study presents an improved measurement of subjective risk tolerance based on economic theory and discusses its link to relative risk aversion. Results from a web-based survey are presented and compared with results from previous studies using other risk tolerance measurements. The new measure allows for a wider possible range of risk tolerance to be obtained, with important implications for short-term investing. Key words: Risk tolerance, Risk aversion, Economic model Malkiel (1996, p. 401) suggested that the risk an to describe some preliminary patterns of risk tolerance investor should be willing to take or tolerate is related to based on the measure. The results suggest that there is the househ old situation, lifecycle stage, and subjective a wide variation of risk tolerance in people, but no factors. Risk tolerance is commonly used by financial systematic patterns related to gender or age have been planners, and is discussed in financial planning found. textbooks. For instance, Mittra (1995, p. 396) discussed the idea that risk tolerance measurement is usually not Literature Review precise. Most tests use a subjective measure of both There are at least four methods of measuring risk emotional and financial ability of an investor to tolerance: askin g about investment choices, asking a withstand losses. -
From Wilderness to the Toxic Environment: Health in American Environmental Politics, 1945-Present
From Wilderness to the Toxic Environment: Health in American Environmental Politics, 1945-Present The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Thomson, Jennifer Christine. 2013. From Wilderness to the Toxic Environment: Health in American Environmental Politics, 1945- Present. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11125030 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA From Wilderness to the Toxic Environment: Health in American Environmental Politics, 1945-Present A dissertation presented by Jennifer Christine Thomson to The Department of the History of Science In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of History of Science Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts May 2013 @ 2013 Jennifer Christine Thomson All rights reserved. Dissertation Advisor: Charles Rosenberg Jennifer Christine Thomson From Wilderness to the Toxic Environment: Health in American Environmental Politics, 1945-Present Abstract This dissertation joins the history of science and medicine with environmental history to explore the language of health in environmental politics. Today, in government policy briefs and mission statements of environmental non-profits, newspaper editorials and activist journals, claims about the health of the planet and its human and non-human inhabitants abound. Yet despite this rhetorical ubiquity, modern environmental politics are ideologically and organizationally fractured along the themes of whose health is at stake and how that health should be protected. -
Exposure and Vulnerability
Determinants of Risk: 2 Exposure and Vulnerability Coordinating Lead Authors: Omar-Dario Cardona (Colombia), Maarten K. van Aalst (Netherlands) Lead Authors: Jörn Birkmann (Germany), Maureen Fordham (UK), Glenn McGregor (New Zealand), Rosa Perez (Philippines), Roger S. Pulwarty (USA), E. Lisa F. Schipper (Sweden), Bach Tan Sinh (Vietnam) Review Editors: Henri Décamps (France), Mark Keim (USA) Contributing Authors: Ian Davis (UK), Kristie L. Ebi (USA), Allan Lavell (Costa Rica), Reinhard Mechler (Germany), Virginia Murray (UK), Mark Pelling (UK), Jürgen Pohl (Germany), Anthony-Oliver Smith (USA), Frank Thomalla (Australia) This chapter should be cited as: Cardona, O.D., M.K. van Aalst, J. Birkmann, M. Fordham, G. McGregor, R. Perez, R.S. Pulwarty, E.L.F. Schipper, and B.T. Sinh, 2012: Determinants of risk: exposure and vulnerability. In: Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation [Field, C.B., V. Barros, T.F. Stocker, D. Qin, D.J. Dokken, K.L. Ebi, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, G.-K. Plattner, S.K. Allen, M. Tignor, and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA, pp. 65-108. 65 Determinants of Risk: Exposure and Vulnerability Chapter 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................67 2.1. Introduction and Scope..............................................................................................................69 -
William Kunstler: Disturbing the Universe a Film by Emily Kunstler and Sarah Kunstler
William Kunstler: Disturbing the Universe A film by Emily Kunstler and Sarah Kunstler POV www.pbs.org/pov DISCUSSION GUIDE William Kunstler: Disturbing the Universe POV Letter frOm the fiLmmakers NEw YorK , 2010 Dear Colleague, William kunstler: Disturbing the Universe grew out of conver - sations that Emily and I began having about our father and his impact on our lives. It was 2005, 10 years after his death, and Hurricane Katrina had just shredded the veneer that covered racism in America. when we were growing up, our parents imbued us with a strong sense of personal responsibility. we wanted to fight injustice; we just didn’t know what path to take. I think both Emily and I were afraid of trying to live up to our father’s accomplishments. It was in a small, dusty Texas town that we found our path. In 1999, an unlawful drug sting imprisoned more than 20 percent of Tulia’s African American population. The injustice of the incar - cerations shocked us, and the fury and eloquence of family members left behind moved us beyond sympathy to action. while our father lived in front of news cameras, we found our place behind the lens. our film, Tulia, Texas: Scenes from the Filmmakers Emily Kunstler and Sarah Kunstler. Photo courtesy of Maddy Miller Drug War helped exonerate 46 people. one day when we were driving around Tulia, hunting leads and interviews, Emily turned to me. “I think I could be happy doing this for the rest of my life,” she said, giving voice to something we had both been thinking. -
Anthrozoology and Sharks, Looking at How Human-Shark Interactions Have Shaped Human Life Over Time
Anthrozoology and Public Perception: Humans and Great White Sharks (Carchardon carcharias) on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA Jessica O’Toole A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Marine Affairs University of Washington 2020 Committee: Marc L. Miller, Chair Vincent F. Gallucci Program Authorized to Offer Degree School of Marine and Environmental Affairs © Copywrite 2020 Jessica O’Toole 2 University of Washington Abstract Anthrozoology and Public Perception: Humans and Great White Sharks (Carchardon carcharias) on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA Jessica O’Toole Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Dr. Marc L. Miller School of Marine and Environmental Affairs Anthrozoology is a relatively new field of study in the world of academia. This discipline, which includes researchers ranging from social studies to natural sciences, examines human-animal interactions. Understanding what affect these interactions have on a person’s perception of a species could be used to create better conservation strategies and policies. This thesis uses a mixed qualitative methodology to examine the public perception of great white sharks on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. While the area has a history of shark interactions, a shark related death in 2018 forced many people to re-evaluate how they view sharks. Not only did people express both positive and negative perceptions of the animals but they also discussed how the attack caused them to change their behavior in and around the ocean. Residents also acknowledged that the sharks were not the only problem living in the ocean. They often blame seals for the shark attacks, while also claiming they are a threat to the fishing industry. -
Environment and Natural Resource Management POLICY
Environment and natural resource management POLICY Resilient livelihoods through the sustainable use of natural assets Enabling poor rural people to overcome poverty IFAD ENRM core principles 10 Reduce Productive and IFAD’s environmental resilient livelihoods footprint Increase and ecosystems smallholder access to Promote role 9 green finance 8 of women and indigenous peoples Promote livelihood 7 diversification Improve 6 governance of natural assets Engage in value chains 5 that drive green growth Build 4 smallholder resilience to risk Promote climate-smart 3 rural Recognize development 2 values of natural assets Scaled-up 1 investment in sustainable agriculture Scaled-up investment in Improved governance of natural assets multiple-benefit approaches for for poor rural people by strengthening land tenure sustainable agricultural intensification and community-led empowerment Recognition and greater awareness Livelihood diversification to reduce vulnerability of the economic, social and cultural and build resilience for sustainable value of natural assets natural resource management ‘Climate-smart’ approaches Equality and empowerment for women to rural development and indigenous peoples in managing natural resources Greater attention to risk and resilience Increased access in order to manage environment- and by poor rural communities natural-resource-related shocks to environment and climate finance Engagement in value chains Environmental commitment through to drive green growth changing its own behaviour A full description of the core principles begins on page 28. Environment and natural resource management Policy Resilient livelihoods through the sustainable use of natural assets Enabling poor rural people to overcome poverty Minor amendments have been included in this document to reflect comments received during Board deliberations and to incorporate the latest data available. -
How Corporate Boards Can Oversee Environmental, Social and Governance (Esg) Issues
Running the Risk HOW CORPORATE BOARDS CAN OVERSEE ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND GOVERNANCE (ESG) ISSUES November 2019 Acknowledgements Rebecca Henderson, John and Natty McArthur University Professor, Harvard Business School; board Report Authors: member, Amgen Inc.; board member, IDEXX Laboratories Veena Ramani, senior program director, Robert Herz, board member, Morgan Stanley; capital markets systems program, Ceres and board member, Federal National Mortgage Association Hannah Saltman, manager, governance, Ceres. (Fannie Mae); board member, Workiva Inc.; board member, Paxos Trust Company; board member, This project is generously funded by the Gordon Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) and Betty Moore Foundation. Foundation; former chairman of the board, Financial We would also like to thank our colleagues at Ceres Accounting Standards Board (FASB); former member, who provided very useful assistance with this project, International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) including Blair Bateson, Jim Coburn, Margaret Fleming, Dan Hesse, board member, PNC Financial; Barbara Grady, George Grattan, Cynthia McHale, board member, Akamai; former president and Brian Sant, Sara Sciammacco, Alex Wilson and chief executive officer, Sprint Corporation Elise Van Heuven. Robert Hirth, senior managing director, Protiviti; former Project Contributors chairman, Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO); co-vice chair, Ceres would like to thank the following people for Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) contributing their valuable time and thoughtful feedback to this project and informing our recommendations. Steven Hoch, partner, Brown Advisory; former board The views expressed in this paper are Ceres’ alone and member, Nestle SA do not necessarily reflect those of these contributors. Sheila Hooda, chief executive officer, president & founder, Carol Browner, former administrator, U.S. -
Making Sense of Human Ecology Mapping: an Overview of Approaches to Integrating Socio-Spatial Data Into Environmental Planning
Portland State University PDXScholar Institute for Sustainable Solutions Publications and Presentations Institute for Sustainable Solutions 2013 Making Sense of Human Ecology Mapping: An Overview of Approaches to Integrating Socio-Spatial Data into Environmental Planning Rebecca J. McLain Portland State University, [email protected] Melissa R. Poe Northwest Sustainability Institute Kelly Biedenweg Puget Sound Institute Lee Cerveny US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station Diane Besser Institute for Culture and Ecology SeeFollow next this page and for additional additional works authors at: https:/ /pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/iss_pub Part of the Geographic Information Sciences Commons, and the Sustainability Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Citation Details McLain, R., Poe, M., Biedenweg, K., Cerveny, L., Besser, D., and Blahna, D. Making Sense of Human Ecology Mapping: An Overview of Approaches to Integrating Socio-Spatial Data into Environmental Planning. Hum Ecol (2013) 41: 651. This Article is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Institute for Sustainable Solutions Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Authors Rebecca J. McLain, Melissa R. Poe, Kelly Biedenweg, Lee Cerveny, Diane Besser, and Dale Blahna This article is available at PDXScholar: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/iss_pub/98 Hum Ecol (2013) 41:651–665 DOI 10.1007/s10745-013-9573-0 -
One Rhizome, Two Unstoppable Blossoms: Environmental Communication and Ecological Rhetoric
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2008 One rhizome, two unstoppable blossoms: environmental communication and ecological rhetoric Kevin James Ells Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Communication Commons Recommended Citation Ells, Kevin James, "One rhizome, two unstoppable blossoms: environmental communication and ecological rhetoric" (2008). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 3727. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/3727 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. ONE RHIZOME, TWO UNSTOPPABLE BLOSSOMS: ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNICATION AND ECOLOGICAL RHETORIC A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy in The Department of Communication Studies by Kevin Ells Bachelor of Commerce, Dalhousie University, 1984 Master in Environmental Studies, York University, 1995 May, 2008 The prospect of tackling a subject that is “far too vast” to be assessed by any present or future assemblage is apt to daunt even the most audacious individual. If it is too vast to be handled by any single scholar, however, it is, by the same token, also too vast to be avoided by any single scholar. ---Elizabeth Eisenstein (1979, 42) ii For Ginger, with love iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank my parents, James and Janet Ells, and my sister Karen.