Environment and Natural Resource Management POLICY
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Land-Use, Land-Cover Changes and Biodiversity Loss - Helena Freitas
LAND USE, LAND COVER AND SOIL SCIENCES – Vol. I - Land-Use, Land-Cover Changes and Biodiversity Loss - Helena Freitas LAND-USE, LAND-COVER CHANGES AND BIODIVERSITY LOSS Helena Freitas University of Coimbra, Portugal Keywords: land use; habitat fragmentation; biodiversity loss Contents 1. Introduction 2. Primary Causes of Biodiversity Loss 2.1. Habitat Degradation and Destruction 2.2. Habitat Fragmentation 2.3. Global Climate Change 3. Strategies for Biodiversity Conservation 3.1. General 3.2. The European Biodiversity Conservation Strategy 4. Conclusions Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary During Earth's history, species extinction has probably been caused by modifications of the physical environment after impacts such as meteorites or volcanic activity. On the contrary, the actual extinction of species is mainly a result of human activities, namely any form of land use that causes the conversion of vast areas to settlement, agriculture, and forestry, resulting in habitat destruction, degradation, and fragmentation, which are among the most important causes of species decline and extinction. The loss of biodiversity is unique among the major anthropogenic changes because it is irreversible. The importance of preserving biodiversity has increased in recent times. The global recognition of the alarming loss of biodiversity and the acceptance of its value resultedUNESCO in the Convention on Biologi – calEOLSS Diversity. In addition, in Europe, the challenge is also the implementation of the European strategy for biodiversity conservation and agricultural policies, though it is increasingly recognized that the strategy is limitedSAMPLE by a lack of basic ecological CHAPTERS information and indicators available to decision makers and end users. We have reached a point where we can save biodiversity only by saving the biosphere. -
Factors Influencing Land Management Practices on Conservation Easement Protected Landscapes
Society & Natural Resources An International Journal ISSN: 0894-1920 (Print) 1521-0723 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/usnr20 Factors Influencing Land Management Practices on Conservation Easement Protected Landscapes Dianne Stroman & Urs P. Kreuter To cite this article: Dianne Stroman & Urs P. Kreuter (2015) Factors Influencing Land Management Practices on Conservation Easement Protected Landscapes, Society & Natural Resources, 28:8, 891-907, DOI: 10.1080/08941920.2015.1024365 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2015.1024365 Published online: 04 Jun 2015. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 337 View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 2 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=usnr20 Download by: [Texas A&M University Libraries] Date: 07 September 2016, At: 09:22 Society & Natural Resources, 28:891–907 Copyright # 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 0894-1920 print=1521-0723 online DOI: 10.1080/08941920.2015.1024365 Factors Influencing Land Management Practices on Conservation Easement Protected Landscapes DIANNE STROMAN AND URS P. KREUTER Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA The goal of this article is to investigate factors influencing conservation-oriented land management practices on land holdings with conservation easements. We report the results of a mail survey that produced responses from 251 out of a total of 518 landowners with a permanent conservation easement on their property. We predicted that landowner satisfaction with their easement and good relationships between land- owners and easement holders would be positively correlated with the amount of conservation-oriented land management practices. -
Integrating Ecological Risk Assessment and Economic Analysis in Watersheds: a Conceptual Approach and Three Case Studies
EPA/600/R-03/140R September 2003 Integrating Ecological Risk Assessment and Economic Analysis in Watersheds: A Conceptual Approach and Three Case Studies National Center for Environmental Assessment Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH DISCLAIMER This document has been reviewed in accordance with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency policy and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. ABSTRACT This document reports on a program of research to investigate the integration of ecological risk assessment (ERA) and economics, with an emphasis on the watershed as the scale for analysis. In 1993, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency initiated watershed ERA (W- ERA) in five watersheds to evaluate the feasibility and utility of this approach. In 1999, economic case studies were funded in conjunction with three of those W-ERAs: the Big Darby Creek watershed in central Ohio; the Clinch Valley (Clinch and Powell River watersheds) in southwestern Virginia and northeastern Tennessee; and the central Platte River floodplain in Nebraska. The ecological settings, and the analytical approaches used, differed among the three locations, but each study introduced economists to the ERA process and required the interpretation of ecological risks in economic terms. A workshop was held in Cincinnati, OH in 2001 to review progress on those studies, to discuss environmental problems involving other watershed settings, and to discuss the ideal characteristics of a generalized approach for conducting studies of this type. Based on the workshop results, a conceptual approach for the integration of ERA and economic analysis in watersheds was developed. -
H-1703-4, Project Management
2 H-1703-4 PROJECT MANGEMENT HANDBOOK (Public) This page intentionally left blank. BLM Handbook Rel. 1-1711 04/09/2008 3 H-1703-4 PROJECT MANGEMENT HANDBOOK (Public) This Handbook does not create any right or benefit, or trust responsibility, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or equity by a party, person, or any entity against the United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers, or employees, or any other person or entity. This Handbook does not alter or amend any requirement under statute, regulation, or Executive Order. At the time this Handbook was written, the various hyperlinks referenced in this document were active and accurate. Because of the frequent changes to Websites, it is possible that some of the hyperlinks might become inaccurate and not link to the indicated document or Website. BLM Handbook Rel. 1-1711 04/09/2008 4 H-1703-4 PROJECT MANGEMENT HANDBOOK (Public) TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 6 2.0 PROJECT MANAGEMENT OVERVIEW 7 2.1. Project Management in General 7 2.2. Applicable BLM Projects 7 2.3. Purpose and Goals of BLM Project Management 8 2.4. Laws, Regulations, and Authorities 9 3.0 PROJECT LIFECYCLE 11 3.1. Initiation and Development 11 3.1.1. Project Goals and Objectives 15 3.1.2. Site Description, Background, History 15 3.1.3. Programmatic Framework 15 3.1.4. Regulatory Framework/Enforcement Actions 16 3.1.5. Organizational Structure 17 3.1.6. Statement of Work (SOW) 17 3.1.7. Project Team Identification and Responsibilities 18 3.1.7.1. -
Study on the Organizational Structure of Rural Land Stock Cooperative System Based on Game Theory and Network Data
International Journal of Security and Its Applications Vol. 10, No. 3 (2016), pp.333-344 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijsia.2016.10.3.29 Study on the Organizational Structure of Rural Land Stock Cooperative System based on Game Theory and Network Data Liang Xiao School of economics and management, Suzhou University, Suzhou city, Anhui province, 234000, China Abstract With the development of economy and society, the agricultural land stock cooperation system is a typical system innovation, which has a significant effect on rural production efficiency. In this paper, we research on the organizational structure of rural land stock cooperative system based on game theory; the result shows that the economic performance of land circulation stock cooperative system is much higher than other land transfer mode. At the same time, the mode of joint-stock cooperative system also has high social performance. By using game theory, we find that farmers tend to passively accept unfair treatment in enterprises based on the consideration of individual benefit, so that governments should effectively implement the macro management functions, and make punishment for the behavior of the enterprise managers' untrue disclosure. In order to improve the agricultural land stock cooperation system, the government should make clear the property right of farmland; promote the scale management of agricultural land and enhance the industrialization of rural areas. Keywords: Rural land circulation; Stock Corporation; Scale operation; Empirical analysis 1. Introduction The rural land stock cooperative system is the reform and innovation of the rural land property rights system in China, and it is a kind of land circulation mode which is explored in practice. -
Buying a Mining Claim from BLM Field Offices Bureau of Land Management the Internet
U.S. Department of the Interior Investigate before buying a mining claim from BLM Field Offices Bureau of Land Management the internet. The BLM manages public lands to support many uses, FRONT RANGE DISTRICT including mining claims Royal Gorge Field Office 3028 E. Main St. and mineral Cañon City, CO 81212 extraction. You 719-269-8500 can file mining Buying A claims on any San Luis Valley Field Office 1313 E. Highway 160 public lands Monte Vista, CO 81144 that are open to 719-852-7074 Mining Claim mineral entry, and the law NORTHWEST DISTRICT Important Information You Should Know encourages you Colorado River Valley Field Office to explore and 2300 River Frontage Road develop minerals Silt, CO 81652 in those areas. 970-876-9000 However, before Grand Junction Field Office buying an 2815 H Road unpatented mining claim from a private seller, make sure Grand Junction, CO 81506 you understand what you are purchasing. 970-244-3000 Kremmling Field Office A Federal unpatented mining claim describes a parcel 2103 E. Park Ave. of federal land that may contain valuable minerals. Any Kremmling, CO 80459 prospective buyer should understand federal mining laws, 970-724-3000 including the rights and responsibilities of an unpatented mining claim. Little Snake Field Office 455 Emerson St. Craig, CO 81625 Keep in mind the phrase “buyer beware” when 970-826-5000 deciding to purchase a mining claim via an White River Field Office Sellers may provide incomplete or internet site. 220 E. Market St. incorrect information about the mining claim or what Meeker, CO 81641 type of operation is allowable on the claim. -
Chapter 4: Land Degradation
Final Government Distribution Chapter 4: IPCC SRCCL 1 Chapter 4: Land Degradation 2 3 Coordinating Lead Authors: Lennart Olsson (Sweden), Humberto Barbosa (Brazil) 4 Lead Authors: Suruchi Bhadwal (India), Annette Cowie (Australia), Kenel Delusca (Haiti), Dulce 5 Flores-Renteria (Mexico), Kathleen Hermans (Germany), Esteban Jobbagy (Argentina), Werner Kurz 6 (Canada), Diqiang Li (China), Denis Jean Sonwa (Cameroon), Lindsay Stringer (United Kingdom) 7 Contributing Authors: Timothy Crews (The United States of America), Martin Dallimer (United 8 Kingdom), Joris Eekhout (The Netherlands), Karlheinz Erb (Italy), Eamon Haughey (Ireland), 9 Richard Houghton (The United States of America), Muhammad Mohsin Iqbal (Pakistan), Francis X. 10 Johnson (The United States of America), Woo-Kyun Lee (The Republic of Korea), John Morton 11 (United Kingdom), Felipe Garcia Oliva (Mexico), Jan Petzold (Germany), Mohammad Rahimi (Iran), 12 Florence Renou-Wilson (Ireland), Anna Tengberg (Sweden), Louis Verchot (Colombia/The United 13 States of America), Katharine Vincent (South Africa) 14 Review Editors: José Manuel Moreno Rodriguez (Spain), Carolina Vera (Argentina) 15 Chapter Scientist: Aliyu Salisu Barau (Nigeria) 16 Date of Draft: 07/08/2019 17 Subject to Copy-editing 4-1 Total pages: 186 Final Government Distribution Chapter 4: IPCC SRCCL 1 2 Table of Contents 3 Chapter 4: Land Degradation ......................................................................................................... 4-1 4 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ -
Perspectives from Hazards, Disaster, and Emergency Management
CARRI Research Report 1 COMMUNITY AND REGIONAL RESILIENCE: PERSPECTIVES FROM HAZARDS, DISASTERS, AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT Susan L. Cutter,* Lindsey Barnes, Melissa Berry, Christopher Burton, Elijah Evans, Eric Tate, and Jennifer Webb Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute Department of Geography University of South Carolina Columbia, South Carolina *Carolina Distinguished Professor and Director of the Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute Date Published: September 2008 Community and Regional Resilience Initiative RESEARCH FINDINGS ABOUT COMMUNITY AND REGIONAL RESILIENCE One of the commitments of the Community and Regional Resilience Initiative (CARRI) is to understand what resilience is and how to get there, based on research evidence. As one resource for this effort, CARRI has commissioned a number of summaries of existing knowledge about resilience, arising from a number of different research traditions. This paper is one in a series of such summaries, which will be integrated with new resilience explorations in several CARRI partner cities and with further discussions with the research community and other stakeholders to serve as the knowledge base for the initiative. For further information about CARRI’s research component, contact Thomas J. Wilbanks, [email protected], or Sherry B. Wright, [email protected]. CARRI Research Report 1 iii Community and Regional Resilience Initiative COMMUNITY AND REGIONAL RESILIENCE INITIATIVE Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s (ORNL) Community and Regional Resilience Initiative (CARRI) -
A Measure of Risk Tolerance Based on Economic Theory
A Measure Of Risk Tolerance Based On Economic Theory Sherman D. Hanna1, Michael S. Gutter 2 and Jessie X. Fan3 Self-reported risk tolerance is a measurement of an individual's willingness to accept risk, making it a valuable tool for financial planners and researchers alike. Prior subjective risk tolerance measures have lacked a rigorous connection to economic theory. This study presents an improved measurement of subjective risk tolerance based on economic theory and discusses its link to relative risk aversion. Results from a web-based survey are presented and compared with results from previous studies using other risk tolerance measurements. The new measure allows for a wider possible range of risk tolerance to be obtained, with important implications for short-term investing. Key words: Risk tolerance, Risk aversion, Economic model Malkiel (1996, p. 401) suggested that the risk an to describe some preliminary patterns of risk tolerance investor should be willing to take or tolerate is related to based on the measure. The results suggest that there is the househ old situation, lifecycle stage, and subjective a wide variation of risk tolerance in people, but no factors. Risk tolerance is commonly used by financial systematic patterns related to gender or age have been planners, and is discussed in financial planning found. textbooks. For instance, Mittra (1995, p. 396) discussed the idea that risk tolerance measurement is usually not Literature Review precise. Most tests use a subjective measure of both There are at least four methods of measuring risk emotional and financial ability of an investor to tolerance: askin g about investment choices, asking a withstand losses. -
ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES for MANAGING LAND USE the Ecological Society of AmericaS Committee on Land Use
ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES FOR MANAGING LAND USE The Ecological Society of Americas Committee on Land Use Key ecological principles for land use and management deal with time, species, place, disturbance, and the landscape. The principles result in several guidelines that serve as practical rules of thumb for incorporating ecological principles into making decisions about the land. April 2000 INTRODUCTION DEFINITIONS Humans are the major force of change around the Land cover: the ecological state and physical appearance globe, transforming land to provide food, shelter, and of the land surface (e.g., closed forests, open forests, grasslands). products for use. Land transformation affects many of the planets physical, chemical, and biological systems and Land use: the purpose to which land is put by humans directly impacts the ability of the Earth to continue (e.g., protected areas, forestry for timber products, providing the goods and services upon which humans plantations, row-crop agriculture, pastures, or human settlements). depend. Unfortunately, potential ecological consequences are Ecosystem management: the process of land use not always considered in making decisions regarding land decision-making and land management practice that takes into account the best available understanding of the use. In this brochure, we identify ecological principles that ecosystems full suite of organisms and natural processes. are critical to sustaining ecosystems in the face of land- use change. We also offer guidelines for using these Land management: the way a given land use is principles in making decisions regarding land-use change. administered by humans. This brochure is the first of many activities under a Land Ecological sustainability: the tendency of a system or Use Initiative of the Ecological Society of America. -
Exposure and Vulnerability
Determinants of Risk: 2 Exposure and Vulnerability Coordinating Lead Authors: Omar-Dario Cardona (Colombia), Maarten K. van Aalst (Netherlands) Lead Authors: Jörn Birkmann (Germany), Maureen Fordham (UK), Glenn McGregor (New Zealand), Rosa Perez (Philippines), Roger S. Pulwarty (USA), E. Lisa F. Schipper (Sweden), Bach Tan Sinh (Vietnam) Review Editors: Henri Décamps (France), Mark Keim (USA) Contributing Authors: Ian Davis (UK), Kristie L. Ebi (USA), Allan Lavell (Costa Rica), Reinhard Mechler (Germany), Virginia Murray (UK), Mark Pelling (UK), Jürgen Pohl (Germany), Anthony-Oliver Smith (USA), Frank Thomalla (Australia) This chapter should be cited as: Cardona, O.D., M.K. van Aalst, J. Birkmann, M. Fordham, G. McGregor, R. Perez, R.S. Pulwarty, E.L.F. Schipper, and B.T. Sinh, 2012: Determinants of risk: exposure and vulnerability. In: Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation [Field, C.B., V. Barros, T.F. Stocker, D. Qin, D.J. Dokken, K.L. Ebi, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, G.-K. Plattner, S.K. Allen, M. Tignor, and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA, pp. 65-108. 65 Determinants of Risk: Exposure and Vulnerability Chapter 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................67 2.1. Introduction and Scope..............................................................................................................69 -
The Sustainable Land Management Mainstreaming Tool
The Sustainable Land Management Mainstreaming Tool DECISION SUPPORT FOR MAINSTREAMING AND SCALING UP SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT Decision Support for Mainstreaming and Scaling Up Sustainable Land Management The Sustainable Land Management Mainstreaming Tool By Soledad Bastidas Fegan FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2019 Required citation: Bastidas Fegan, S. 2019.The DS-SLM Sustainable Land Management Mainstreaming Tool - Decision Support for Mainstreaming and Scaling up Sustainable Land Management. Rome. FAO. 44 pp. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. © FAO, 2019 Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/legalcode/legalcode). Under the terms of this licence, this work may be copied, redistributed and adapted for non-commercial purposes, provided that the work is appropriately cited.