Banatjarl Useful Plants and Bush Tucker Garden
March 2012 Report prepared for Jawoyn Association by Boronia Saggers
PO Box 2087 Katherine NT 0851 ABN 92 848 904 689 0427 052 807 [email protected] Contents
1. Introduction 2
2. Garden Map 3
3. Hillside Garden 4
4. Creekbed Garden 5
5. Orchard 7
6. Irrigation Plan 8
7. Ongoing Management 9
Weeding 9 Spraying 9 Slashing 9 Mulching 9 Fertilising 9 Irrigation maintenance 9
8. References 10
9. Language Names for Garden Plants 10
1. Introduction Team Savanna was commissioned by the Jawoyn Association’s Banatjarl Strongbala Wumin Grup in 2010 to help establish a useful plant garden and orchard. The garden site is at the Banatjarl healing centre at King Valley Station, approx 40km south of Katherine. The gardens are to be used for educational purposes and a source of plant material to make into bush products. The plant species selected have been identified by the Banatjarl members and their uses include bush tucker, fibre for weaving, colour for bush dyes, ornamental and medicine plants. This report outlines the garden and orchard plans, including species lists and an irrigation map, and details ongoing management requirements.
2 Banatjarl Gardens March 2012 2. Garden Map
3 Banatjarl Gardens March 2012 3. Hillside Garden
Growth Propagation Number Species Common name Use form method of plants Abrus precodorius Jungle beads small Nursery Seeds for 6 plant seedling necklaces Acacia wickhamii Wattle small Nursery Ornamental 4 plant seedling Acacia gonocarpa Wattle bush Nursery Ornamental 2 seedling Acacia lysipylla Wattle lrg bush Nursery Ornamental 2 seedling Lysiphyllum Bauhinia small tree From seed Tucker 1 cunninghamii Brachychiton paradoxus Kurrajong small tree From seed Fibre and 8 tucker Buchania obovata Green Plum small tree Dug up Tucker and 10 seedlings medicine Capparis umbonata Bush orange small tree Nursery Tucker 5 seedling Calytrix extipulata Turkey bush bush From seed Medicine 20 Cochlospermum fraseri Kapok small tree From seed Tucker fibre 5 Cymbopogon Lemon grass grass From seed Medicine 200 bombycinus Dug up and divided Cymbopogon procerus Lemon grass grass Dug up and Medicine 50 divided Cynanchum Bush banana creeper Dug up Tucker 3 pedunculatum seedling Erythrina variegata Bat wing coral medium Nursery Seeds for 1 tree seedling necklaces Ficus scobina Sandpaper fig small tree Nursery Medicine 1 seedling Fleuggea virosa White currant bush Cuttings Tucker 34 Grevillia driandri Grevillia small Nursery Ornamental 18 plant seedling Haemodorum coccinum Bloodroot small Dug up Colour for 10
4 Banatjarl Gardens March 2012 plant bulbs bush dyes Haemodorum sp. Bloodroot small Dug up Colour for 10 plant bulbs bush dyes Livistonia humilis Sand palm bush Dug up Tucker and 5 seedlings fibre Marsdenia viridiflora Bush bannana creeper Dug up Tucker 2 seedlings Persoonia falcata Milky Plum small tree Dug up Tucker 1 seedlings Planchonia careya Cocky apple small tree Nursery Tucker 6 seedling Pogonolobus reticulatus Colour root small tree Dug up root Colour for 10 cuttings bush dyes Pterocaulon sphacelatum Herb small Dug up Medicine 1 plant seedlings Solanum echinatum Bush tomato small Dug up Tucker 3 plant seedlings Vigna sp Bush carrot creeper Dug up Tucker 3 seedlings
4. Creekbed Garden
Growth Propagation Number Common name Uses form method of plants Species Amplelocissus fruitescens Wild grape bush From seeds Tucker 5 Antedesma ghesaembilla Black Currant bush Cuttings Tucker 15 Abelmoschus moschatus - small Nursery Ornamental 6 plant seedlings Barringtonia acutangula Freshwater mangrove small tree Nursery Fish Poison 6 seedlings Cartonema Small round yam Small Dug up Tucker 5 trigonospermum plant seedlings
5 Banatjarl Gardens March 2012 Carissa lanceolata Conkerberry bush Cuttings Tucker 5 Crinium angustifolium Bush onion small Nursery Medicine 30 plant seedlings Ficus virens Banyan fig large tree Cuttings Tucker and 1 fibre Grewia retusifolia Dogs Balls bush From seeds Tucker and 10 medicine Grevillia formosa Grevillia bush Nursery Ornamental 5 seedlings Grevillia pteridifolia Fern leaved Grevillia small tree From seeds Tucker 30 Ipomea abrupta Bush morning glory creeper Cuttings Tucker 2 Ipomea pes-caprae Beach morning glory creeper Nursery Ornamental 5 seedlings Jasminum sp. Native Jasmine creeper Nursery Ornamental 5 seedlings Melaleuca sp Paperbark large tree Nursery Material 1 seedlings Melastoma - bush Dug up Colour for 5 malabathricum seedlings bush dyes Tucker Nauclea orientalis Leichardt Pine large tree Dug up 2 seedlings Pandanus spiralis Pandanus small tree From seeds Fibre 12 Syzygium eucalyptoidies Pink bush apple small tree Nursery Tucker 3 spp eucalyptoidies seedlings Terminalia ferdinandiana Billygoat plum small tree Dug up Tucker 3 seedlings Themeda triandra Kangaroo Grass grass Dug up Ornamental 14 seedlings Eriachne sp. affin. walaby grass grass Dug up Fibre 10 nodosa seedlings - swamp potato small Dug up Tucker 10 plant seedlings
6 Banatjarl Gardens March 2012 5. Orchard
Growth Propagation Number Row Species Common name form method of plants number Dug up Buchania obovata Green Plum small tree seedlings 8 1&5 Syzygium eucalyptoidies Nursery spp bleeseri Pink bush apple small tree seedlings 7 3 sml red bush Nursery Syzygium fibrosum apple large tree seedlings 6 7 Nursery Syzigium nervosum Black plum large tree seedlings 6 10 Nursery Syzygium suborbiculare Red bushapple large tree seedlings 6 9&5 Terminalia ferdinandiana Billygoat plum small tree From seeds 7 2 Nursery Terminalia seriocarpa Black Plum large tree seedlings 9 6&5 Nursery Meiogyne cylindrocarpa Native apricot large tree seedlings 6 5&8 Medium Ficus racemosa fig tree Cuttings 1 5
7 Banatjarl Gardens March 2012 6. Irrigation Plan
Figure 1 Irrigation Map
The garden is irrigated using a XC Hunter 6 station controller. There are currently only 4 stations in use at the moment. The controller operates 4 solanoids which are attached to a manifold mounted next to the tank. For changing watering times and/or durations refer to the Hunter Controller Manual. This system is reliant on power being on at the station at the time of watering.
8 Banatjarl Gardens March 2012 7. Ongoing Management
Weeding It is recommended to weed both gardens and around each orchard tree monthly. It will be important for someone to direct this that has knowledge of the species planted to ensure the wrong ones don’t get weeded out.
Spraying It is recommended to spray the perimeter of each garden bed with a non selective herbicide to create a clean boundary. This will help to stop seeds blowing in from weeds and grasses around the site. This should take place a couple of times through the wet season and as needed through the dry. Great care needs to be taken to prevent spray drift from killing garden plants. A broadleaf selective herbicide should be used to spray the site surrounding the gardens and in between the orchard rows a couple of times throughout the wet season. This will prevent broadleaf weeds, suckers and trees from growing and will encourage a grassy ground layer. Again great care needs to be taken to prevent spray drift from killing garden and orchard plants.
Slashing Monthly slashing of the whole site throughout the wet season and at the beginning of the dry. This helps to encourage short grasses to dominate the site. It is best to hand weed the orchard trees before slashing so the trees and drippers can be clearly seen.
Mulching This should take place before each wet season. The mulch helps prevent weeds from germinating in the soil. The garden borders should be mulched quite heavily. The orchard trees also need mulching after fertilising. It is recommended that only woodchip mulch be used as hay and straw commonly contain weed seeds.
Fertilising The orchard trees will benefit from a light fertilise before each wet season. A low phosphorous organic fertiliser is recommended, such as dynamic lifter. This will encourage growth and once trees are fruiting boost fruit crops and flavour.
Irrigation maintenance Check each dripper line monthly when each of the two orchard water stations are on. This will make sure that the dripper lines are operational and are not clogged up with ants, grains of sand etc. The drippers can be twisted either way to change the flow rate as needed. Keep an eye on each of the sprinkler heads in the two gardens to make sure they are watering effectively and are not clogged with grains of sand/gravel or ants. These can be twisted off the risers and can easily be unclogged by poking out or blowing. When putting back on it is recommended to use plumbers tape so there will be no leaks. The water times and duration can be changed seasonally. More water is needed during the hot build up months. This is a simple procedure. For further instructions see the Toro Control Station manual.
9 Banatjarl Gardens March 2012 8. References Glen Wightman, G et al. 2005. Jawoyn Plants and Animals: Aboriginal flora and fauna knowledge from Nitmiluk National Park and the Katherine area, Northern Australia. Brock, J. 2001. Native Plants of Northern Australia, Reed, New Holland Petheram, R.J Kok,B., 2003. Plants of the Kimberly Region of Western Australia Milson,J Trees and Shrubs of North West QLD, Department of Natural Resources , Queensland Government Smith, N, 2009. Native Plants for Top End Gardens, Greeninga Australia N.T. Bennet.L, Katherine.M, Ranch.S, Thompson, L., Bush Tucker and Medicine of the Jawoyn, Pearson Library
9. Language Names for Garden Plants Species Common Mayali Rembarrnga Jawoyn Dalabon name Adonanthus Boab not native not native not native not native gregorii Antidesma Blackcurrant Gunygulba Juppih Yiwung Murrungkurn parvifolium ?* Buchanania Green plum an-dutjmi Bœrrkkœh Kurumal Moyi obovata Capparis Bush orange an-djiliwirn Jirriwun/Jiliwun Kayawan Djiliwirn umbonata /Jiliwirn Crinum Onion an-gilgil Labuttu?* Jangarakngarak Kilwirrkilwirr angustifolium Exocarpos latifolus Native cherry dumuk Duppurn?* Jumuk Dumuk Ficus sp. Banyan Tree an-bornde Jarnhba Yumurlun Yumulun?* Grevillea Orange an-dajek Watbar Yajja Wadbar pteridifolia grevillea Heteropogon Sugar cane jilijili Mayatjja / jilijili Pernteyn Kurndjilk triticeus grass
10 Banatjarl Gardens March 2012 Species Common Mayali Rembarrnga Jawoyn Dalabon name Ipomea abrupta Bush an-garrbirk Dorh?* Muyal Djroh?* morning glory Ipomea pes- Beach Yarrh?* Muyal caprae morning glory Melaleuca sp. Paperbark an-got Gajah Larruk Murlmu Nauclea orientalis Leichardt an- Dubal Jirrip Dubal Tree marrawahwa Pandanus spiralis Pandanus an-jimjim Dayarr Jimjim Yakngarra Persoonia falcata Milky Plum an-dark Dagirritj?* Marntappurru Bololo Petalostigma Marble bush an-betde Yarradak?* Torrokkorl Beddja or pubescens Dorrokkorl Planchonia careya Cocky Apple an-gotbe Marnany Makol?* Kotburr?* Syzygium Pink bush an-jorrbirdoh Gidawulukku Pelwarn Djorla eucalyptoidies spp apple euc Terminalia Billygoat an-marlak Marlak / Marlak Wardabidj ferdinandiana Plum Mardabula Themida triandra Kangaroo gun-dalk Jerrer?* Marra?* grass Vigna sp Bush carrot an-gornak Gurnan?* Kunan Kunan Melastoma Colour plant an-mamdak Dotdot / Pilangpilang Mamdak ?* malabathricum Yarryarr?* Abrus precatorius Jungle beads an-bikgurl Girringgirring Kirringkirring Kirring-kirring / Djarnak?* Abelmoschus an-larrbe Janak moschatus Alloteropsis Cockatoo an- Munmun Punjurr Munmun semiolata grass yokgulumut
Brachychiton Kurrajong an-butbut Gerr / Jarrmarn Djarrmarn paradoxus (2 kinds) Jarrman Calytrix Turkey bush an-barndarr?* Wartbarr Wij exstipulata Cochlospermum Kapok an-jetj Jetj Jej Djedj fraseri Cymbopogon Lemongrass djirr Rulk Jirr Djirr bombycinus Erythrina Bean tree garnbilk Jijarrok Karnpilk Karnbilk?* variegata (batwing) Ficus scobina Sandpaper yarrngi-yarrngi Yarrngœ- Maynnguk Yarrnguyarrngu fig yarrngœ / Dalanurru Flueggea virosa Whitecurrant an-gorrwan Gorrowon Jurrijpa Korrwan Grevillea sp. (red) same as 9? same as 9? Jenkererr same as 9? Grevillea
11 Banatjarl Gardens March 2012
Scientific English Mayali Rembarrnga Jawoyn Dalabon name Grewia retusifolia Dog balls an-jotmo Jotmo Jotmo Djodmo Haemodorum Bloodroot ? Birndal- Muluppirnti coccineum (red) birndal Livistona humilis Sand palm an-gulurrutj Jajah Marrappi Ngarnarr?* Marsdenia Bush banana julukgun Julukgun Jutpurr Djulukkurn viridiflora (climbing) Cynanchium Creeper ngalemerrk Ngalœngmœ Latpul Ngalumurrh pedunculatum rr Pogonolobus Colour tree an-jundum Gumurduk Meya Kumurduk reticulatus Pterocaulon Medicine an-jumuk Jamugulk Marangmarang Marang?* serrulatum Solanum sp. Gooseberry bangarn- Bangarn- Pangaynpangayn Banganybang bangarn bangarn any Bauhinia Bauhinia Jiwirn?* Jiwirn Wantinyin Djiwindjiwin? cunninghamii * Eucalyptus bella White gum birnbirn / Birnbirn / Pernpern Bernbern gombolo golokkolo Eucalyptus miniata Woollybutt an-golanglang gulang- Yuwal Kulang- ngang ngang?* Eucalyptus Stringybark an-yawgo Gardaykka Porrorlorl Marranguy terodonta Syzygium fibrosum Little red an-jorrbirdoh Gidawulukku Pelwarn Djorla apple Terminalia Black plum gun-dal Wujal Muyal?* Kurndalh seriocarpa (2 sp.) Cyperus bulbosus Peanut / an-ditjgala Ditjgala Tijkala Didjkala onion
* Unsure
Main language consultants: Mayali: Judy Galmur, Marie Brennan (MB) Rembarrnga: Nellie Camfoo (NC) Jawoyn: Margaret Katherine (MK), also Judy Galmur Dalabon: Lily Bennett, also Nikipini, Queenie Brennan Botanist: Boronia
12 Banatjarl Gardens March 2012