Position Statement on Human Aging
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Life-Span Trends in Olympians and Supercentenarians Juliana Antero, Geoffroy Berthelot, Adrien Marck, Philippe Noirez, Aurélien Latouche, Jean-François Toussaint
Learning From Leaders: Life-span Trends in Olympians and Supercentenarians Juliana Antero, Geoffroy Berthelot, Adrien Marck, Philippe Noirez, Aurélien Latouche, Jean-François Toussaint To cite this version: Juliana Antero, Geoffroy Berthelot, Adrien Marck, Philippe Noirez, Aurélien Latouche, et al.. Learn- ing From Leaders: Life-span Trends in Olympians and Supercentenarians. Journals of Gerontology, Series A, Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy B - Oxford Open Option D, 2015, 70 (8), pp.944-949. 10.1093/gerona/glu130. hal-01768388 HAL Id: hal-01768388 https://hal-insep.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01768388 Submitted on 17 Apr 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Journals of Gerontology: BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. Cite journal as: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution doi:10.1093/gerona/glu130 Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), -
Human Cell and Organism Aging: Are There Limits? Interrupted Case Study on Cell Aging
Human Cell and Organism Aging: Are there Limits? Interrupted Case study on Cell Aging Teresa Gonya Department of Biological Sciences University of Wisconsin-Fox Valley Menasha, WI The search for the fountain of youth persists in advertising, and individuals are constantly bombarded with messages about diet, exercise, vitamins and minerals that can help prolong one’s life. The biological basis of aging is often not mentioned in the anti-aging promotions. Is it possible that a diet rich in protein, or fruits and vegetables can add years to your life? Is it possible that a vitamin or mineral ‘tonic’ can promote tissue repair and extend life? Is it possible that a vitamin drink can extend your normal life expectancy? Even clinical medicine focuses on developing new treatments that are based on preventing aging and maintaining organ longevity. We are told to exercise to keep our heart healthy and to stop smoking to prevent damage to body tissues, especially the lungs and blood vessels. The new field of regenerative medicine is based on the premise that stem cells may one day be able to repair tissue and return function to damaged organs. There are real limits to longevity that are based on genetics, lifestyle, medical history and sociology. (1) At the foundation of organism longevity is cell longevity. All organisms are composed of cells. Four different types of tissue cells form the basis of all organs that are found in any animal organism. Each type of tissue cell has a different ability to undergo mitosis and replace itself, should it become damaged or injured. -
From Here to Immortality: Anti-Aging Medicine
FromFrom HereHere toto Immortality:Immortaalitty: AAnti-AgingAnnntti-AAgging MMedicineedicine Anti-aging medicine is a $5 billion industry. Despite its critics, researchers are discovering that inter ventions designed to turn back time may prove to be more science than fiction. By Trudie Mitschang 14 BioSupply Trends Quarterly • October 2013 he symptoms are disturbing. Weight gain, muscle Shifting Attitudes Fuel a Booming Industry aches, fatigue and joint stiffness. Some experience The notion that aging requires treatment is based on a belief Thear ing loss and diminished eyesight. In time, both that becoming old is both undesirable and unattractive. In the memory and libido will lapse, while sagging skin and inconti - last several decades, aging has become synonymous with nence may also become problematic. It is a malady that begins dete rioration, while youth is increasingly revered and in one’s late 40 s, and currently 100 percent of baby boomers admired. Anti-aging medicine is a relatively new but thriving suffer from it. No one is immune and left untreated ; it always field driven by a baby- boomer generation fighting to preserve leads to death. A frightening new disease, virus or plague? No , its “forever young” façade. According to the market research it’s simply a fact of life , and it’s called aging. firm Global Industry Analysts, the boomer-fueled consumer The mythical fountain of youth has long been the subject of base will push the U.S. market for anti-aging products from folklore, and although it is both natural and inevitable, human about $80 billion now to more than $114 billion by 2015. -
Telomeres and Telomerase
Oncogene (2010) 29, 1561–1565 & 2010 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved 0950-9232/10 $32.00 www.nature.com/onc GUEST EDITORIAL 2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: telomeres and telomerase Oncogene (2010) 29, 1561–1565; doi:10.1038/onc.2010.15 sate for the chromosomal shortening produced asso- ciated with cell division, suggesting that progressive telomere shortening may be a key factor to limit the Elizabeth H Blackburn, Carol W Greider and Jack W number of cell divisions. James D Watson (Nobel Prize Szostak were acknowledged with this year’s Nobel Prize 1962) also recognized that the unidirectional nature of in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries on how DNA replication was a problem for the complete copy chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the of chromosomal ends (Watson, 1972). This was called enzyme telomerase. the ‘end-replication problem’. In this manner, during In the first half of the twentieth century, classic studies each cycle of cell division, a small fragment of telomeric by Hermann Mu¨ller (Nobel Prize 1945) working with DNA is lost from the end. After several rounds of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) and by Barbara division, telomeres eventually reach a critically short McClintock (Nobel Prize 1983) studying maize (Zea length, which activates the pathways for senescence and Mays) proposed the existence of a special structure at cell death (Hermann et al., 2001; Samper et al., 2001). the chromosome ends (Mu¨ller, 1938; McClintock, 1939). Uncovering the solution to the end-replication pro- This structure would have the essential role of protect- blem took several years of intense research. -
Living-100-Insights-Challenges.Pdf
Living to 100 Insights on the Challenges and Opportunities of Longevity Literature Review 2002–2017 April 2019 Living to 100 Insights on the Challenges and Opportunities of Longevity SPONSOR Research Expanding Boundaries Pool AUTHORS Sean She, FSA, MAAA Committee on Life Insurance Research Francisco J. Orduña, FSA, MAAA Product Development Section Peter Carlson, FSA, MAA Committee on Knowledge Extension Research 1 | P a g e This publication has been prepared for general informational purposes only; and is not intended to be relied upon as accounting, tax, financial or other professional advice. It is not intended to be a substitute for detailed research or the exercise of professional judgement. Please refer to your advisors for specific advice. Neither Ernst & Young LLP, the authors, nor any other member of Ernst & Young Global Limited can accept any responsibility or liability for loss occasioned to any person acting or refraining from action as a result of any material in this publication. Neither SOA, the authors nor Ernst & Young LLP recommend, encourage or endorse any particular use of the information provided in this publication. Neither SOA, the authors nor Ernst & Young LLP make any warranty, guarantee or representation whatsoever. None of SOA, the authors nor Ernst & Young LLP assume any responsibility or liability to any person or entity with respect to any losses arising in connection with the use or misuse of this publication. The opinions expressed and conclusions reached by the authors are their own and do not represent any official position or opinion of the Society of Actuaries or its members. The Society of Actuaries makes no representation or warranty to the accuracy of the information. -
Jeanne Calment's Daughter Has Usurped Her
– 1– Translated with DeepL translator from the original French article in Médecine/Sciences (Vol. 35, issue 4, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2019065) and corrected by the author when necessary. English cited texts are copied from the original source. “Jeanne Calment’s daughter has usurped her mother’s identity”: an amateur work or scientific research? Éric Le Bourg Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI Toulouse), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France [email protected] Summary The press has widely reported on the questioning, by so-called “Russian researchers”, of Jeanne Calment’s longevity. The hypothesis put forward by these researchers is that Jeanne’s daughter, Yvonne, replaced her dead mother in 1934, and that the 122-year longevity established by French researchers would in fact be 99 years. Given the media coverage of this hypothesis, and INSERM’s (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research) position on this issue, this article examines the various arguments and recalls the criteria for any scientific work, none of which is satisfied in the work of “Russian researchers”. Translated from the original French article in Médecine/Sciences (Vol. 35, issue 4, 2019) – 2– At the end of 2018 and in the beginning of 2019, the press became passionate about a study by “Russian researchers” (sic) suggesting that Jeanne Calment1 did not die in 1997 at 122 years of age but in 1934 at the age of 59. Her daughter, Yvonne, 36 years old at the time, would, in fact, have replaced her mother, which would explain her 122 years lifespan, which would only be 99. -
Nudging Towards Vaccination: a Behavioral Law and Economics Approach to Childhood Immunization Policy*
LASKOWSKI.TOPRINTER (DO NOT DELETE) 2/1/2016 6:52 PM Nudging Towards Vaccination: A Behavioral Law and Economics Approach * to Childhood Immunization Policy I. Introduction The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation declared this decade “the Decade of Vaccines.”1 Vaccines are more effective and protect against more diseases than ever before;2 yet childhood immunization rates in the United States and many other industrialized nations are declining.3 Diseases that had been declared eradicated in the United States are increasingly reappearing.4 Most recently in early 2015, a large multistate measles outbreak was linked to an infected individual who had visited Disneyland in Southern California. A study concluded that the outbreak was likely a result of substandard vaccination rates.5 The anti-vaccination movement can be traced to a paper published by British doctor Andrew Wakefield in 1998 that claimed there might be a connection between the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and * I would like to thank Professor Sean H. Williams for his guidance and assistance with early drafts of this Note. I would also like to thank the Texas Law Review staff for all the hard work put into the editing process. Finally, thank you to my parents for their love and support over the years. 1. Vaccine Delivery: Strategy Overview, BILL & MELINDA GATES FOUND., http://www .gatesfoundation.org/What-We-Do/Global-Development/Vaccine-Delivery [http://perma.cc/XQY4-F9GC]. 2. Ensuring Vaccine Safety, CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION, http://www .cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/ensuringsafety/index.html [http://perma.cc/QWP8-3G3V]; see Vaccine History: Developments by Year, CHILD. -
The Social and Symbolic Power of AIDS Denialism
July August pages_SI new design masters 5/31/12 12:22 PM Page 34 The Social and Symbolic Power of AIDS Denialism AIDS denialism has proved socially resilient because dissident “hero scientists” provide legitimacy, “cultropreneurs” offer fake cures in the place of antiretroviral treatment, and HIV-positive “living icons” seem to provide proof of concept. NICOLI NATTRASS he discovery of antiretroviral therapy (ART) trans- a recent “documentary” funded in part by Rethinking AIDS. formed HIV infection from a death sentence into a Duesberg does more than merely 1 Tmanageable chronic disease. Yet a small group of question or rethink HIV science: he ac- “AIDS denialists” rejects the science underlying ART, be- tively publicizes his unfounded claims. Mark Wainberg, a microbiologist and lieving it rests on rotten foundations and that the therapy is past president of the Inter national toxic. These ideas have had deadly consequences. Most in- AIDS Society, called him “probably the famously, South African president Mbeki set up a panel of closest thing we have in this world to a scientific psychopath.”6 Duesberg’s sup- AIDS denialists and HIV scientists to debate the issue while porters, however, interpret such criti- delaying the use of ART in the public sector. Over 330,000 cism as evidence of his unfair oppres- South Africans died unnecessarily as a result.2 sion by a corrupt “AIDS establishment.” Accord ing to Celia Far ber, Duesberg’s In an earlier article3 for the SKEPTICAL powerful community-building effects. leading praise-singer, “As AIDS -
Living to 100”
The Likelihood and Consequences of “Living to 100” Leonard Hayflick, Ph.D. Professor of Anatomy, Department of Anatomy University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine Phone: (707) 785-3181 Fax: (707) 785-3809 Email: [email protected] Presented at the Living to 100 Symposium Orlando, Fla. January 5-7, 2011 Copyright 2011 by the Society of Actuaries. All rights reserved by the Society of Actuaries. Permission is granted to make brief excerpts for a published review. Permission is also granted to make limited numbers of copies of items in this monograph for personal, internal, classroom or other instructional use, on condition that the foregoing copyright notice is used so as to give reasonable notice of the Society’s copyright. This consent for free limited copying without prior consent of the Society does not extend to making copies for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for inclusion in new collective works or for resale. Abstract There is a common belief that it would be a universal good to discover how to slow or stop the aging process in humans. It guides the research of many biogerontologists, the course of some health policy leaders and the hopes of a substantial fraction of humanity. Yet, the outcome of achieving this goal is rarely addressed despite the fact that it would have profound consequences that would affect virtually every human institution. In this essay, I discuss the impact on human life if a means were found to slow our aging process, thus permitting a life expectancy suggested by the title of this conference, “Living to 100.” It is my belief that most of the consequences would not benefit either the individual or society. -
Kansans for Health Freedom Program
T H I S B O O K B E L O N G S T O : I F F O U N D , C O N T A C T I N F O . WELCOME! Welcome to the Freedom Revival in the Heartland event of 2020. We are so excited to have you here! I can assure you that getting this event off in only three weeks is a testament to the power of God working in a million big and little ways. It is also a testament to the talent, passion, and inspiration of some very dedicated and hard-working people. Today, we unite with all who are awake to the rising trend of medical tyranny. We join with those who have been silenced. We grieve with those who have lost so much. Finally, we rejoice that many more are waking up to the corruption of our health agencies and the failure of the pharma-medical paradigm every day. Kansans for Health Freedom is a young organization which came together in June of 2019. Our goal is to promote and uphold our constitutional freedoms for vaccine and medical choice and true informed consent. We want to see the needless injuries and deaths from vaccines eliminated. We want to hear the unheard and be a voice for the silenced. We want to educate the public about the very real risks of vaccines so that no more will be harmed. Our wonderful team has had an amazing year with many great learning experiences. Some of you have been a part of that, and we thank you! If you are not a member of KSHF but you believe the government and its agencies should not be the determiners for your family’s health choices, please join us. -
Controversy 2
Controversy 2 WHY DO OUR BODIES GROW OLD? liver Wendell Holmes (1858/1891), in his poem “The Wonderful One-Hoss Shay,” invokes a memorable image of longevity and mortality, the example of a wooden Ohorse cart or shay that was designed to be long-lasting: Have you heard of the wonderful one-hoss shay, That was built in such a logical way, It ran a hundred years to a day . ? This wonderful “one-hoss shay,” we learn, was carefully built so that every part of it “aged” at the same rate and didn’t wear out until the whole thing fell apart all at once. Exactly a century after the carriage was produced, the village parson was driving this marvelous machine down the street, when What do you think the parson found, When he got up and stared around? The poor old chaise in a heap or mound, As if it had been to the mill and ground! You see, of course, if you’re not a dunce, How it went to pieces all at once, All at once, and nothing first, Just as bubbles do when they burst. The wonderful one-horse shay is the perfect image of an optimistic hope about aging: a long, healthy existence followed by an abrupt end of life, with no decline. The one-horse shay image also suggests that life has a built-in “warranty expiration” date. But where does this limit on longevity come from? Is it possible to extend life beyond what we know? The living organism with the longest individual life span is the bristlecone pine tree found in California, more than 4,500 years old, with no end in sight. -
Increase of Human Longevity: Past, Present and Future
Increase of Human Longevity: Past, Present and Future John R. Wilmoth Department of Demography University of California, Berkeley Instute for Populaon and Social Security Research Tokyo, Japan 22 December 2009 Topics • Historical increase of longevity • Age paerns of mortality • Medical causes of death • Social and historical causes • Limits to the human life span? • Future prospects Historical Increase of Longevity Life Expectancy at Birth, 1950-2009 Data source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: 2008 Revision, 2009 Life Expectancy at Birth, France, 1816-2007 Data source: Human Mortality Database, 2009 (www.mortality.org) Life Expectancy at Birth, France and India, 19th and 20th C. Data sources: HMD, 2009; M. Bhat, 1989, 1998 & 2001; United Nations, 2009 Life Expectancy at Birth, 1950‐2007 W. Europe, USA, Canada, Australia, NZ, Japan Data source: Human Mortality Database, 2009 (www.mortality.org) Historical mortality levels Life expectancy Infant mortality rate at birth (in years) (per 1000 live births) Prehistoric 20-35 200-300 Sweden, 1750s 36 212 India, 1880s 25 230 U.S.A., 1900 48 133 France, 1950 66 52 Japan, 2007 83 <3 Source: J. Wilmoth, Encyclopedia of Population, 2003 (updated) Age Paerns of Mortality Death Rates by Age, U.S., 1900 & 1995 Data source: Social Security Administraon, United States Distribuon of Deaths, U.S., 1900 & 1995 Data source: Social Security Administraon, United States Probability of Survival, U.S., 1900 & 1995 Data source: Social Security Administraon, United States Dispersion of Ages at Death vs. Life Expectancy at Birth, Sweden 1751‐1995 70 80 60 70 Life Expectancy at Birth (in years) 50 Inter-quartile range 60 40 Life expectancy at birth 50 30 40 Inter-quartile Range (in years) 20 Women Men 30 1751-55 1791-95 1831-35 1871-75 1911-15 1951-55 1991-95 Year Source: J.