Living Beyond the Age of 100
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Longevity Extension from a Socioeconomic Perspective: Plausibility, Misconceptions, and Potential Outcomes
Sound Decisions: An Undergraduate Bioethics Journal Volume 2 Issue 1 Article 4 2016-12-15 Longevity Extension from a Socioeconomic Perspective: Plausibility, Misconceptions, and Potential Outcomes Eric Ralph University of Puget Sound Follow this and additional works at: https://soundideas.pugetsound.edu/sounddecisions Part of the Bioethics and Medical Ethics Commons Recommended Citation Ralph, Eric (2016) "Longevity Extension from a Socioeconomic Perspective: Plausibility, Misconceptions, and Potential Outcomes," Sound Decisions: An Undergraduate Bioethics Journal: Vol. 2 : Iss. 1 , Article 4. Available at: https://soundideas.pugetsound.edu/sounddecisions/vol2/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Publications at Sound Ideas. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sound Decisions: An Undergraduate Bioethics Journal by an authorized editor of Sound Ideas. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ralph: Longevity Extension Longevity Extension from a Socioeconomic Perspective: Plausibility, Misconceptions, and Potential Outcomes Eric Ralph Introduction In the last several decades, a significant amount of progress has been made in pursuits to better understand the process of aging and subsequently gain some level of control over it. Current theories of aging are admittedly lacking, but this has not prevented biogerontologists from drastically increasing the longevity of yeast, drosophilae, worms, and mice (Vaiserman, Moskalev, & Pasyukova 2015; Tosato, Zamboni et al. 2007; Riera & Dillin 2015). Wide-ranging successes with gene therapy and increased comprehension of the genetic components of aging have also recently culminated in numerous successes in extending the longevity of animals and the first human trial of a gene therapy to extend life through telomerase manipulation is already underway, albeit on a small scale (Mendell et al. -
The Health and Life Expectancy of Older Blacks and Hispanics in the United States
Today’s Research on Aging P r o g r a m a n d P o l i c y i m P l i c a t i o n s Issue 28, June 2013 The Health and Life Expectancy of Older Blacks and Hispanics in the United States Despite advances in health care and increases in income over Yet while older blacks have lower life expectancies than the past 50 years, significant gaps in life expectancy and health older whites, Hispanics actually are expected to live longer— by race and ethnicity persist among older Americans. This again, both at birth and at older ages. At age 65, for newsletter highlights recent work by National Institute on example, Latino males can expect to live, on average, an Aging (NIA)-supported researchers and others who examined additional 18.8 years, while Latina women have a life life expectancy and health trends among older blacks and expectancy of an additional 22 years—almost two years Hispanics. By 2030, the U.S. elderly population is expected to more than 65-year-old white females. Similar differences become more racially and ethnically diverse than it is today can be found at age 75 for both men and women. (See (see Box 1, page 2). Understanding their differences in health Box 2, page 3, for a discussion of factors influencing life and addressing disparities are critically important to improving expectancy among Hispanics.) the nation’s overall health and well-being. Hispanics have longer life expectancies than Life Expectancy non-Hispanic whites or blacks. -
The Mortality Fan Charts
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Dowd, Kevin; Blake, David; Cairns, Andrew J. G. Article The myth of Methuselah and the uncertainty of death: The mortality fan charts Risks Provided in Cooperation with: MDPI – Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, Basel Suggested Citation: Dowd, Kevin; Blake, David; Cairns, Andrew J. G. (2016) : The myth of Methuselah and the uncertainty of death: The mortality fan charts, Risks, ISSN 2227-9091, MDPI, Basel, Vol. 4, Iss. 3, pp. 1-7, http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks4030021 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/167889 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ www.econstor.eu risks Article The Myth of Methuselah and the Uncertainty of Death: The Mortality Fan Charts Kevin Dowd 1,*, David Blake 2 and Andrew J. -
The Generations of Adam
The Generations of Adam hat is the purpose of Bible chronology? According to Philip Mauro, in Wonders of Bible Chronology, “its basis is the Bible itself; its plan is the genealogical or life line that Wstretches from the first Adam to the last Adam ... and its purpose is to bring those who follow its progress to revelations of vital truth pertaining to God’s mighty work of redemption.” Genesis 5 reveals the time span between Adam and the worldwide flood of Noah’s time. The following table summarizes this time line: Age at: Anno Hominis Adam created 0 Adam's birth of Seth (130) 130 Seth's birth of Enosh (105) 235 Enosh's birth of Kenan (90) 325 Kenan's birth of Mahalalel (70) 395 Mahalalel's birth of Jared (65) 460 Jared's birth of Enoch (162) 622 Enoch's birth of Methuselah (65) 687 Methuselah's birth of Lamech (187) 874 Lamech's birth of Noah (182) 1056 time of worldwide flood Noah's 1656 (600) Before we analyze Genesis 5 further, a few general points must be made. First, the Bible is the only reliable source book that gives history with an exact chronology for the first 4000 years of the human race. It has been about 6000 years since the creation of man. For the first 3/5ths of this period, there is no chronological information whatever except in the Bible. The histories of other peoples give an account of their beginning vaguely and in the context of myths and fables. In contrast, the Bible is a very accurate historical document. -
Mistranslations of the Prophets' Names in the Holy Quran: a Critical Evaluation of Two Translations
Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online) Vol.8, No.2, 2017 Mistranslations of the Prophets' Names in the Holy Quran: A Critical Evaluation of Two Translations Izzeddin M. I. Issa Dept. of English & Translation, Jadara University, PO box 733, Irbid, Jordan Abstract This study is devoted to discuss the renditions of the prophets' names in the Holy Quran due to the authority of the religious text where they reappear, the significance of the figures who carry them, the fact that they exist in many languages, and the fact that the Holy Quran addresses all mankind. The data are drawn from two translations of the Holy Quran by Ali (1964), and Al-Hilali and Khan (1993). It examines the renditions of the twenty five prophets' names with reference to translation strategies in this respect, showing that Ali confused the conveyance of six names whereas Al-Hilali and Khan confused the conveyance of four names. Discussion has been raised thereupon to present the correct rendition according to English dictionaries and encyclopedias in addition to versions of the Bible which add a historical perspective to the study. Keywords: Mistranslation, Prophets, Religious, Al-Hilali, Khan. 1. Introduction In Prophets’ names comprise a significant part of people's names which in turn constitutes a main subdivision of proper nouns which include in addition to people's names the names of countries, places, months, days, holidays etc. In terms of translation, many translators opt for transliterating proper names thinking that transliteration is a straightforward process depending on an idea deeply rooted in many people's minds that proper nouns are never translated or that the translation of proper names is as Vermes (2003:17) states "a simple automatic process of transference from one language to another." However, in the real world the issue is different viz. -
World Population Ageing 2019
World Population Ageing 2019 Highlights ST/ESA/SER.A/430 Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division World Population Ageing 2019 Highlights United Nations New York, 2019 The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat is a vital interface between global policies in the economic, social and environmental spheres and national action. The Department works in three main interlinked areas: (i) it compiles, generates and analyses a wide range of economic, social and environmental data and information on which States Members of the United Nations draw to review common problems and take stock of policy options; (ii) it facilitates the negotiations of Member States in many intergovernmental bodies on joint courses of action to address ongoing or emerging global challenges; and (iii) it advises interested Governments on the ways and means of translating policy frameworks developed in United Nations conferences and summits into programmes at the country level and, through technical assistance, helps build national capacities. The Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs provides the international community with timely and accessible population data and analysis of population trends and development outcomes for all countries and areas of the world. To this end, the Division undertakes regular studies of population size and characteristics and of all three components of population change (fertility, mortality and migration). Founded in 1946, the Population Division provides substantive support on population and development issues to the United Nations General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council and the Commission on Population and Development. It also leads or participates in various interagency coordination mechanisms of the United Nations system. -
Longevity and Life Expectancy
LONGEVITY AND LIFE EXPECTANCY Cesare Marchetti International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Laxenburg, Austria RR-97-11 September 1997 Reprinted from Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 55, Number 3, July 1997. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria Tel: +43 2236 807 Fax: +43 2236 73148 E-mail: [email protected] Reseai·ch R e poi-ts , which record research conducted a.t ILA.SA , a.re independently reviewed before publication. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the Institute, its Na.tiona.l Member Orga.niza.tions, or other orga.niza.tions supporting the work. Reprinted with permission from Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 55, Number 3, July 1997. Copyright @1997, Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. No pa.rt. of this publica.tion ma.y be reproduced or transmitted in a.ny form or by a.ny means, electronic or mecha.nica.l, including photocopy, recording, or a.ny information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright holder. NORTH-HOLLAND Longevity and Life Expectancy CESARE MARCHETTI ABSTRACT The increase in life expectancy at all ages during the last two centuries is in need of a quantitative model capable of resuming the whole process under a single concept and simple mathematics. The basic hypothesis was that through improved hygiene, medicine, and life-style, the stumbling blocks to the full expression of longevity were progressively removed. The mathematics of learning processes was then applied to the secular evolution of life expectancy at various ages. The hypothesis proved very fertile. -
Addressing the Value of Gene Therapy and Enhancing Patient Access to Transformative Treatments
Position Statement Addressing the Value of Gene Therapy and Enhancing Patient Access to Transformative Treatments Rachel Salzman,1,7 Francesca Cook,2,7 Timothy Hunt,3,7 Harry L. Malech,4,7 Philip Reilly,5,7 Betsy Foss-Campbell,6 and David Barrett6 1ALD Connect, Middleton, MA, USA; 2REGENXBIO Inc., Rockville, MD, USA; 3Editas Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA; 4Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; 5Third Rock Ventures, Boston, MA, USA; 6American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy, Milwaukee, WI, USA; 7American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy, Value Initiative Workgroup, Milwaukee, WI, USA Although high upfront costs for the high value of gene therapy today versus paying repeatedly for treatments that may be taken at have resulted in concerns about sufficient reimbursement to regular intervals for months, years, decades, or even a lifetime. But as- allow patient access to these therapies, the significant benefits signing value to gene therapies and comparing them with potentially of gene therapies will not be realized unless patients have access lifelong illness is not an easy or straightforward task. Despite the to them. Stakeholders are discussing these issues, and the complexity, this paper identifies unique and relevant aspects that payment models being developed for the newly approved should be considered when assessing the value of gene therapy. gene therapies provide an early indication of the flexibility A related important discussion is how the costs of these treatments that will be needed from treatment manufacturers, payers, could be reduced, and whether the cost of gene therapy products and policy makers to optimize patient access. -
University of Nevada, Reno Death and Value Reignition: Lucky in the Chance to Die a Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of T
University of Nevada, Reno Death and Value Reignition: Lucky in the Chance to Die A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Philosophy by Christopher C. Anderson Christopher T. Williams/Thesis Advisor May, 2014 Copyright by Christopher C. Anderson 2014 All Rights Reserved THE GRADUATE SCHOOL We recommend that the thesis prepared under our supervision by CHRISTOPHER ANDERSON Entitled Death And Value Reignition: Lucky In The Chance To Die be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Christopher T. Williams, Advisor Thomas J. Nickles, Committee Member Steven C. Hayes, Graduate School Representative David W. Zeh, Ph.D., Dean, Graduate School May, 2014 i Abstract In this thesis I examine life-extension and embodied immortality and ask whether these are intrinsically problematic. I examine the history of the concept of immortality and find that the usage of the term has nearly always referred to extended but mortal lifespans. I observe that modern commentators have conflated the concepts ―mortal‖ and ―immortal‖ and with deleterious effect on the field of inquiry as a whole. I examine Bernard Williams‘ claim that extended lifespans are destined to crash into permanent boredom and find that while the ―crash‖ is probably inevitable, recovery is always possible in finite lifespans. I do, however, think that a eudaimonic existence necessarily attaches to a mortal one. An immortal lifespan, that is, one in which death is impossible, would irreversibly crash and burn in just the way Williams thinks merely super-centenarian lifespans must. Death gives us a sense that time is running out, and this sense is one a mortal creature can capitalize on to reignite his categorical desires when they burn out. -
Causes of Improving Health and Longevity at Older Ages: a Review of the Explanations
GENUS, LXI (No. 1), 21-38 DORA L. COSTA Causes of improving health and longevity at older ages: a review of the explanations 1. TRENDS IN ELDERLY HEALTH AND LONGEVITY Life expectancy at older ages rose very slowly at the beginning of the twentieth century and then accelerated sharply toward the end of the century. Between 1970 and the end of the twentieth century life expectancy at age 65 increased by 4 years in Sweden and France and by 3 years in England and Wales and in the United States. In contrast, between 1900 and 1960 life expectancy at age 65 rose by only 2 years in Sweden and France and by one and a half years in England and Wales. National data are unavailable for the United States for this period but at most the increase in life expectancy was two and a half years and was probably considerably less. The life expectancy pattern at age 85 is even more striking. Life expectancy at age 85 rose by almost 2 years in all four countries between 1960 and the end of the twentieth century after having risen by only about 1 year between 1900 and 19601. On the whole population aging has been accompanied by declines in disability at older ages (see the review by Freedman, Martin, and Schoeni, 2002). Manton, Corder, and Stallard (1997) find that between 1982 and 1989 disability among those older than 64 declined by 1.1 percent per year and between 1989 and 1994 by 1.5 percent per year. In exactly comparable data for 1994 and 1999 disability declined by 2.1 percent per year (Manton and Gu, 2001), suggesting that improvements in elderly health have been accelerating. -
Jeanne Calment's Daughter Has Usurped Her
– 1– Translated with DeepL translator from the original French article in Médecine/Sciences (Vol. 35, issue 4, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2019065) and corrected by the author when necessary. English cited texts are copied from the original source. “Jeanne Calment’s daughter has usurped her mother’s identity”: an amateur work or scientific research? Éric Le Bourg Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI Toulouse), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France [email protected] Summary The press has widely reported on the questioning, by so-called “Russian researchers”, of Jeanne Calment’s longevity. The hypothesis put forward by these researchers is that Jeanne’s daughter, Yvonne, replaced her dead mother in 1934, and that the 122-year longevity established by French researchers would in fact be 99 years. Given the media coverage of this hypothesis, and INSERM’s (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research) position on this issue, this article examines the various arguments and recalls the criteria for any scientific work, none of which is satisfied in the work of “Russian researchers”. Translated from the original French article in Médecine/Sciences (Vol. 35, issue 4, 2019) – 2– At the end of 2018 and in the beginning of 2019, the press became passionate about a study by “Russian researchers” (sic) suggesting that Jeanne Calment1 did not die in 1997 at 122 years of age but in 1934 at the age of 59. Her daughter, Yvonne, 36 years old at the time, would, in fact, have replaced her mother, which would explain her 122 years lifespan, which would only be 99. -
How to Be a Healthy Centenarian?
How to be a healthy centenarian? Mayana Zatz Human Genome and Stem-cell center University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Human characteristics Interaction Genes/ environment Only Only Environment Healthy aging ? Genetics 80% Environment 20% Genetics How to be young at 100 years-old and beyond? Eugenia- 103 Protective genes ? Is there a limit for longevity? According to a recent study The risk of death would levels off after age 105, creating a ‘mortality plateau’. At that point, the odds of Italian Emma Morano who died at age 117 someone dying from one birthday to the next are roughly 50:50 The secret is to endure until 105…… Barbi E, et al. Science. 2018 Transhumanism : NBIC Transhumanism believes in the continuation and acceleration of the evolution of intelligent Dr. Laurent Alexandre life beyond its currently human form Max More (1990) Nanotecnology Biology Informatics Cognitive science According to Yuval Harari Death is just a technical problem How can we control environment? Physical activity Diet Red wine Caloric restriction Physical exercise: Why is it beneficial? It improves autophagy In animal models, autophagy protects against cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, infections, inflammatory diseases, ageing and insulin resistance Yoshinori Ohsumi Nobel, 2016 Exercise-induced BCL2-regulated autophagy is required for muscle glucose homeostasis. He C et al. Nature. 2012 Mediterranan diet: More recent studies A higher intake of vegetables, nuts, and whole grains were associated with a significantly decreased hazard of mortality. Zaslavsky et al., J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr. 2018 MeDi was associated with a 41% reduced risk of incident advanced age related macular degeneration. Merle BM et al., Ophthalmology.