Metamaterials for Space Applications Final Report
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Review 330 Fall 2019 SFRA
SFRA RREVIEWS, ARTICLES,e ANDview NEWS FROM THE SFRA SINCE 1971 330 Fall 2019 FEATURING Area X: Five Years Later PB • SFRA Review 330 • Fall 2019 Proceedings of the SFRASFRA 2019 Review 330Conference • Fall 2019 • 1 330 THE OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF THE Fall 2019 SFRA MASTHEAD ReSCIENCE FICTIONview RESEARCH ASSOCIATION SENIOR EDITORS ISSN 2641-2837 EDITOR SFRA Review is an open access journal published four times a year by Sean Guynes Michigan State University the Science Fiction Research Association (SFRA) since 1971. SFRA [email protected] Review publishes scholarly articles and reviews. The Review is devoted to surveying the contemporary field of SF scholarship, fiction, and MANAGING EDITOR media as it develops. Ian Campbell Georgia State University [email protected] Submissions ASSOCIATE EDITOR SFRA Review accepts original scholarly articles; interviews; Virginia Conn review essays; individual reviews of recent scholarship, fiction, Rutgers University and media germane to SF studies. [email protected] ASSOCIATE EDITOR All submissions should be prepared in MLA 8th ed. style and Amandine Faucheux submitted to the appropriate editor for consideration. Accepted University of Louisiana at Lafayette pieces are published at the discretion of the editors under the [email protected] author's copyright and made available open access via a CC-BY- NC-ND 4.0 license. REVIEWS EDITORS NONFICTION EDITOR SFRA Review does not accept unsolicited reviews. If you would like Dominick Grace to write a review essay or review, please contact the appropriate Brescia University College [email protected] review editor. For all other publication types—including special issues and symposia—contact the editor, managing, and/or ASSISTANT NONFICTION EDITOR associate editors. -
Electromagnetism As Quantum Physics
Electromagnetism as Quantum Physics Charles T. Sebens California Institute of Technology May 29, 2019 arXiv v.3 The published version of this paper appears in Foundations of Physics, 49(4) (2019), 365-389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10701-019-00253-3 Abstract One can interpret the Dirac equation either as giving the dynamics for a classical field or a quantum wave function. Here I examine whether Maxwell's equations, which are standardly interpreted as giving the dynamics for the classical electromagnetic field, can alternatively be interpreted as giving the dynamics for the photon's quantum wave function. I explain why this quantum interpretation would only be viable if the electromagnetic field were sufficiently weak, then motivate a particular approach to introducing a wave function for the photon (following Good, 1957). This wave function ultimately turns out to be unsatisfactory because the probabilities derived from it do not always transform properly under Lorentz transformations. The fact that such a quantum interpretation of Maxwell's equations is unsatisfactory suggests that the electromagnetic field is more fundamental than the photon. Contents 1 Introduction2 arXiv:1902.01930v3 [quant-ph] 29 May 2019 2 The Weber Vector5 3 The Electromagnetic Field of a Single Photon7 4 The Photon Wave Function 11 5 Lorentz Transformations 14 6 Conclusion 22 1 1 Introduction Electromagnetism was a theory ahead of its time. It held within it the seeds of special relativity. Einstein discovered the special theory of relativity by studying the laws of electromagnetism, laws which were already relativistic.1 There are hints that electromagnetism may also have held within it the seeds of quantum mechanics, though quantum mechanics was not discovered by cultivating those seeds. -
Electromagnetic Field Theory
Lecture 4 Electromagnetic Field Theory “Our thoughts and feelings have Dr. G. V. Nagesh Kumar Professor and Head, Department of EEE, electromagnetic reality. JNTUA College of Engineering Pulivendula Manifest wisely.” Topics 1. Biot Savart’s Law 2. Ampere’s Law 3. Curl 2 Releation between Electric Field and Magnetic Field On 21 April 1820, Ørsted published his discovery that a compass needle was deflected from magnetic north by a nearby electric current, confirming a direct relationship between electricity and magnetism. 3 Magnetic Field 4 Magnetic Field 5 Direction of Magnetic Field 6 Direction of Magnetic Field 7 Properties of Magnetic Field 8 Magnetic Field Intensity • The quantitative measure of strongness or weakness of the magnetic field is given by magnetic field intensity or magnetic field strength. • It is denoted as H. It is a vector quantity • The magnetic field intensity at any point in the magnetic field is defined as the force experienced by a unit north pole of one Weber strength, when placed at that point. • The magnetic field intensity is measured in • Newtons/Weber (N/Wb) or • Amperes per metre (A/m) or • Ampere-turns / metre (AT/m). 9 Magnetic Field Density 10 Releation between B and H 11 Permeability 12 Biot Savart’s Law 13 Biot Savart’s Law 14 Biot Savart’s Law : Distributed Sources 15 Problem 16 Problem 17 H due to Infinitely Long Conductor 18 H due to Finite Long Conductor 19 H due to Finite Long Conductor 20 H at Centre of Circular Cylinder 21 H at Centre of Circular Cylinder 22 H on the axis of a Circular Loop -
Electro Magnetic Fields Lecture Notes B.Tech
ELECTRO MAGNETIC FIELDS LECTURE NOTES B.TECH (II YEAR – I SEM) (2019-20) Prepared by: M.KUMARA SWAMY., Asst.Prof Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (Autonomous Institution – UGC, Govt. of India) Recognized under 2(f) and 12 (B) of UGC ACT 1956 (Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad, Approved by AICTE - Accredited by NBA & NAAC – ‘A’ Grade - ISO 9001:2015 Certified) Maisammaguda, Dhulapally (Post Via. Kompally), Secunderabad – 500100, Telangana State, India ELECTRO MAGNETIC FIELDS Objectives: • To introduce the concepts of electric field, magnetic field. • Applications of electric and magnetic fields in the development of the theory for power transmission lines and electrical machines. UNIT – I Electrostatics: Electrostatic Fields – Coulomb’s Law – Electric Field Intensity (EFI) – EFI due to a line and a surface charge – Work done in moving a point charge in an electrostatic field – Electric Potential – Properties of potential function – Potential gradient – Gauss’s law – Application of Gauss’s Law – Maxwell’s first law, div ( D )=ρv – Laplace’s and Poison’s equations . Electric dipole – Dipole moment – potential and EFI due to an electric dipole. UNIT – II Dielectrics & Capacitance: Behavior of conductors in an electric field – Conductors and Insulators – Electric field inside a dielectric material – polarization – Dielectric – Conductor and Dielectric – Dielectric boundary conditions – Capacitance – Capacitance of parallel plates – spherical co‐axial capacitors. Current density – conduction and Convection current densities – Ohm’s law in point form – Equation of continuity UNIT – III Magneto Statics: Static magnetic fields – Biot‐Savart’s law – Magnetic field intensity (MFI) – MFI due to a straight current carrying filament – MFI due to circular, square and solenoid current Carrying wire – Relation between magnetic flux and magnetic flux density – Maxwell’s second Equation, div(B)=0, Ampere’s Law & Applications: Ampere’s circuital law and its applications viz. -
The Predator Script
THE PREDATOR by Shane Black & Fred Dekker Based on the characters created by Jim Thomas & John Thomas REVISED DRAFT 04-17-2016 SPACE Cold. Silent. A billion twinkling stars. Then... A bass RUMBLE rises. Becomes a BONE-RATTLING ROAR as -- A SPACECRAFT RACHETS PAST CAMERA, fuel cables WHIPPING into frame, torn loose! Titanium SCREAMS as the ship DETACHES VIOLENTLY; shards CASCADING in zero gravity--! (NOTE: For reasons that will become apparent, we let us call this vessel “THE ARK.”) WIDER - THE ARK as it HURTLES AWAY from a docking gantry underneath a vastly LARGER SHIP it was attached to. Wobbly. Desperate. We’re witnessing a HIJACK. WIDER STILL - THE PREDATOR MOTHER SHIP DWARFS the escaping vessel. Looming; like a nautilus of molded black steel. INT. PREDATOR MOTHER SHIP Backed by the glow of compu-screens, a half-glimpsed alien -- A PREDATOR -- watches the receding ARK through a viewport. (NOTE: we see him mostly in shadow, full reveal to come). INT. SMALLER VESSEL (ARK) Emergency lights illuminate a dank, organic-looking interior. CAMERA MOVES PAST: EIGHT STASIS CYLINDERS Around the periphery. FROST clouds the cryotubes, prevents us from seeing the “passengers.” Finally, CAMERA ARRIVES AT -- A HULKING, DREAD-LOCKED FIGURE The pilot of this crippled ship. We do not see him fully either, but for the record? This is our “GOOD” PREDATOR.” HIS TALONS dance across a control panel; a shrill beep..! Predator symbols, but we get the idea: ERROR--ERROR--ERROR-- Our Predator TAPS more controls. Feverish. Until -- EXT. ARK A final tether COMES LOOSE, venting PLASMA energy, and -- 2. -
What If We Could Make Ourselves Invisible to Others?
What if we could make ourselves invisible to others? Through developments in the field of metamaterials, we may be able to create products with surprising capabilities, from making DNA visible to making buildings invisible, but have we considered the risks, as well as the benefits? Metamaterials are materials that are designed and structured in a way that gives them unconventional properties, which are not usually associated with the material from which they are produced. They can be produced either by creating new materials to work with, making use of advances in nanotechnology, or by finding new ways of working with conventional materials, such as metal and plastic. Metamaterials involve a broad and loosely defined group of technologies with a wide range of novel avenues of development. Some are designed to manipulate electromagnetic and acoustic waves, so that they interact differently with sound, light, radio, microwaves and x-rays. Since the surface of metamaterials can affect their reaction to electromagnetic waves, they could in theory be used to transport light and other electromagnetic waves around an object, making them invisible to an observer. Different metamaterials could be used to manipulate different kinds of electromagnetic waves, thus creating cloaks for different kinds of sensors, from human eyes to x-rays and radio waves. Metamaterials could also be deployed to manipulate other kinds of energy such as sound and seismic waves, which ©radFX/Shutterstock would pass an object as though it were not there. This has led to reports of the imminent invention of invisibility cloaks although, until now, scientists have only succeeded in partially cloaking small objects from a fixed observation point under laboratory conditions, with invisibility achieved only for a limited range of non-visible electromagnetic waves. -
Displacement Current and Ampère's Circuital Law Ivan S
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Displacement current and Ampère's circuital law Ivan S. Bozev, Radoslav B. Borisov The existing literature about displacement current, although it is clearly defined, there are not enough publications clarifying its nature. Usually it is assumed that the electrical current is three types: conduction current, convection current and displacement current. In the first two cases we have directed movement of electrical charges, while in the third case we have time varying electric field. Most often for the displacement current is talking in capacitors. Taking account that charge carriers (electrons and charged particles occupy the negligible space in the surrounding them space, they can be regarded only as exciters of the displacement current that current fills all space and is superposition of the currents of the individual moving charges. For this purpose in the article analyzes the current configuration of lines in space around a moving charge. An analysis of the relationship between the excited magnetic field around the charge and the displacement current is made. It is shown excited magnetic flux density and excited the displacement current are linked by Ampere’s circuital law. ъ а аа я аъ а ъя (Ива . Бв, аав Б. Бв.) В я, я , я , яя . , я : , я я. я я, я я . я . К , я ( я я , я, я я я. З я я я. я я. , я я я я . 1. Introduction configurations of the electric field of moving charge are shown on Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. First figure represents The size of electronic components constantly delayed potentials of the electric field according to shrinks and the discrete nature of the matter is Liénard–Wiechert and this picture is not symmetrical becomming more obvious. -
Notes 4 Maxwell's Equations
ECE 3317 Applied Electromagnetic Waves Prof. David R. Jackson Fall 2020 Notes 4 Maxwell’s Equations Adapted from notes by Prof. Stuart A. Long 1 Overview Here we present an overview of Maxwell’s equations. A much more thorough discussion of Maxwell’s equations may be found in the class notes for ECE 3318: http://courses.egr.uh.edu/ECE/ECE3318 Notes 10: Electric Gauss’s law Notes 18: Faraday’s law Notes 28: Ampere’s law Notes 28: Magnetic Gauss law . D. Fleisch, A Student’s Guide to Maxwell’s Equations, Cambridge University Press, 2008. 2 Electromagnetic Fields Four vector quantities E electric field strength [Volt/meter] D electric flux density [Coulomb/meter2] H magnetic field strength [Amp/meter] B magnetic flux density [Weber/meter2] or [Tesla] Each are functions of space and time e.g. E(x,y,z,t) J electric current density [Amp/meter2] 3 ρv electric charge density [Coulomb/meter ] 3 MKS units length – meter [m] mass – kilogram [kg] time – second [sec] Some common prefixes and the power of ten each represent are listed below femto - f - 10-15 centi - c - 10-2 mega - M - 106 pico - p - 10-12 deci - d - 10-1 giga - G - 109 nano - n - 10-9 deka - da - 101 tera - T - 1012 micro - μ - 10-6 hecto - h - 102 peta - P - 1015 milli - m - 10-3 kilo - k - 103 4 Maxwell’s Equations (Time-varying, differential form) ∂B ∇×E =− ∂t ∂D ∇×HJ = + ∂t ∇⋅B =0 ∇⋅D =ρv 5 Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) James Clerk Maxwell was a Scottish mathematician and theoretical physicist. -
Dragon Magazine
Blastoff! The STAR FRONTIERS™ game pro- The STAR FRONTIERS set includes: The work ject was ambitious from the start. The A 16-page Basic Game rule book problems that appear when designing A 64-page Expanded Game rule three complete and detailed alien cul- book tures, a huge frontier area, futuristic is done — A 32-page introductory module, equipment and weapons, and the game Crash on Volturnus rules that make all these elements work now comes 2 full-color maps, 23” x 35” together, were impossible to predict and 10¾" by 17" and not easy to overcome. But the dif- A sheet of 285 full-color counters the fun ficulties were resolved, and the result is a game that lets players enter a truly wide-open space society and explore, The races wander, fight, trade, or adventure A quartet of intelligent, starfaring by Steve Winter through it in the best science-fiction races inhabit the STAR FRONTIERS tradition. rules. New player characters can be D RAGON 7 members of any one of these groups: The adventure ple who had never played a wargame or a Humans (basically just like you With the frontier as its background, role-playing game before. In order to tap and me) the action in a STAR FRONTIERS game this huge market, TSR decided to re- Vrusk (insect-like creatures with focuses on exploring new worlds, dis- structure the STAR FRONTIERS game 10 limbs) covering alien secrets or unearthing an- so it would appeal to people who had Yazirians (ape-like humanoids cient cultures. The rule book includes never seen this type of game. -
Into the Visible Invisibility Is Now a Reality
PWJul11cover 20/6/11 17:15 Page 1 physicsworld.com Volume 24 No 7 July 2011 Tricks and techniques for making things vanish from view PWJul11shalaev-v6-2 17/6/11 12:21 Page 30 Invisibility: Visible invisibility physicsworld.com Into the visible Invisibility is now a reality. But scientists are not satisfied and still search for the holy grail: a cloak of invisibility that hides macroscale objects viewed from any angle using unpolarized visible light. Wenshan Cai and Vladimir Shalaev map out the road ahead on this quest Wenshan Cai is a When the first invisibility cloak was created at Duke hope that the cloak can conceal macroscopic objects postdoctoral research University in 2006, we enthusiastically told friends, stu- larger than 0.1 mm; objects smaller than this are fellow at Stanford dents and even high-school kids all about it. After all, already invisible to the unaided eye, and rendering University, US, and was this not one of the ultimate dreams of the inner child them unobservable using special apparatus is probably Vladimir Shalaev is within us all – the stuff of stories and legends brought to of only technical interest. So what progress have we the Robert and Anne life and a true triumph of modern science? The most made so far towards this holy grail, and what challenges Burnett Professor of tangible thing to show the expectant audiences was an must we face before we can realize an ideal cloak? Electrical and Computer image of the circular-shaped device (see p24). But we Engineering at were met with puzzled looks. -
TAG, It's You! a NEW SPIN on an OLD GAME
Student Life Magazine The University of Advancing Technology Issue 5 SUMMER/FALL 2009 03 TAG, IT’S YOU A New Spin on an Old Game S N A P I T 50 D IGITAL DREAMS DO COME TRUE a Western Short FILM Destined for Greatness 24 Rise to The Surface Three Students Build a Multi-Touch Computer $6.95 SUMMER/FALL T.O.C. • • • LOOK FOR THESE MICROSOFT TAGS 04 TAG, IT'S YOU! A NEW SPIN ON AN OLD GAME TA B L E O F CON T E N T S GEEK 411 ISSUE 5 SUMMER/FALL 2009 ABOUT UAT 10 WE’RE TAKING OVER THE WORLD. JOIN US. 32 GET GEEKALICIOUS: T-SHIRT SALE 41 THE BRICKS (OUR AWESOME FACULTY) 49 THE MORTAR (OUR AWESOME STAFF) INSIDE THE TECH WORLD FEATURE 6 BIG BRAIN EVENTS STORIES 26 DEADLY TALENTED ALUMNI 35 WHAT'S YOUR GEEK IQ? 36 GO PLAY WITH YOUR DOTS 24 RISE TO THE SURFACE 38 WHAT’S HOT, WHAT’S NOT ThE RE STUDENTS BUILD A MULTI-TOUCH COMPUTER 42 DAYS OF FUTURE PAST 45 GADGETS & GIZMOS GEEK ESSENTIALS 12 GEEKS ON TOUR 18 DAY IN THE LIFE OF A DORM GEEK 30 LET THE TECH GAMES BEGIN 40 YOU KNOW YOU WANT THIS 46 HOW WE GOT SO AWESOME 47 WE GOT WHAT YOU NEED 22 GEEKILY EVER AFTER 54 GEEKS UNITE – CLUBS AND GROUPS HWTOO W UAT STUDENTS FELL IN LOVE AT FIRST SHOT STORIES ABOUT REALLY SMART PEOPLE 8 INVASION OF THE STAY PUFT BUNNY 29 RAY KURZWEIL 34 GEEK BLOGS 50 COWBOY DREAMS 20 DAVID WESSMAN IS THE MAN UAP T ROFESSOR DIRECTS FILM 16 LIVING THE GEEK DREAM 33 INTRODUCING… NEW GEEKS 14 WE DO STUFF THAT MATTERS 2 | GEEK 411 | UAT STUDENT LIFE MAGAZINE 09UT A 151 © CONTENTS COPYRIGHT BY FABCOM 20092008 LOOK FOR THESE MICROSOFT TAGS THROUGHOUT THIS S ISSUE OF GEEK 411 N AND TAG THEM A P TO GET MORE OF I THE STORY OR T BONUS CONTENT. -
Chapter 1 ELECTROMAGNETICS of METALS
Chapter 1 ELECTROMAGNETICS OF METALS While the optical properties of metals are discussed in most textbooks on condensed matter physics, for convenience this chapter summarizes the most important facts and phenomena that form the basis for a study of surface plas- mon polaritons. Starting with a cursory review of Maxwell’s equations, we describe the electromagnetic response both of idealized and real metals over a wide frequency range, and introduce the fundamental excitation of the conduc- tion electron sea in bulk metals: volume plasmons. The chapter closes with a discussion of the electromagnetic energy density in dispersive media. 1.1 Maxwell’s Equations and Electromagnetic Wave Propagation The interaction of metals with electromagnetic fields can be firmly under- stood in a classical framework based on Maxwell’s equations. Even metallic nanostructures down to sizes on the order of a few nanometres can be described without a need to resort to quantum mechanics, since the high density of free carriers results in minute spacings of the electron energy levels compared to thermal excitations of energy kBT at room temperature. The optics of met- als described in this book thus falls within the realms of the classical theory. However, this does not prevent a rich and often unexpected variety of optical phenomena from occurring, due to the strong dependence of the optical prop- erties on frequency. As is well known from everyday experience, for frequencies up to the vis- ible part of the spectrum metals are highly reflective and do not allow elec- tromagnetic waves to propagate through them. Metals are thus traditionally employed as cladding layers for the construction of waveguides and resonators for electromagnetic radiation at microwave and far-infrared frequencies.