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Review 330 Fall 2019 SFRA
SFRA RREVIEWS, ARTICLES,e ANDview NEWS FROM THE SFRA SINCE 1971 330 Fall 2019 FEATURING Area X: Five Years Later PB • SFRA Review 330 • Fall 2019 Proceedings of the SFRASFRA 2019 Review 330Conference • Fall 2019 • 1 330 THE OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF THE Fall 2019 SFRA MASTHEAD ReSCIENCE FICTIONview RESEARCH ASSOCIATION SENIOR EDITORS ISSN 2641-2837 EDITOR SFRA Review is an open access journal published four times a year by Sean Guynes Michigan State University the Science Fiction Research Association (SFRA) since 1971. SFRA [email protected] Review publishes scholarly articles and reviews. The Review is devoted to surveying the contemporary field of SF scholarship, fiction, and MANAGING EDITOR media as it develops. Ian Campbell Georgia State University [email protected] Submissions ASSOCIATE EDITOR SFRA Review accepts original scholarly articles; interviews; Virginia Conn review essays; individual reviews of recent scholarship, fiction, Rutgers University and media germane to SF studies. [email protected] ASSOCIATE EDITOR All submissions should be prepared in MLA 8th ed. style and Amandine Faucheux submitted to the appropriate editor for consideration. Accepted University of Louisiana at Lafayette pieces are published at the discretion of the editors under the [email protected] author's copyright and made available open access via a CC-BY- NC-ND 4.0 license. REVIEWS EDITORS NONFICTION EDITOR SFRA Review does not accept unsolicited reviews. If you would like Dominick Grace to write a review essay or review, please contact the appropriate Brescia University College [email protected] review editor. For all other publication types—including special issues and symposia—contact the editor, managing, and/or ASSISTANT NONFICTION EDITOR associate editors. -
Tar and Turpentine
ECONOMICHISTORY Tar and Turpentine BY BETTY JOYCE NASH Tarheels extract the South’s first industry turdy, towering, and fire-resistant longleaf pine trees covered 90 million coastal acres in colonial times, Sstretching some 150,000 square miles from Norfolk, Va., to Florida, and west along the Gulf Coast to Texas. Four hundred years later, a scant 3 percent of what was known as “the great piney woods” remains. The trees’ abundance grew the Southeast’s first major industry, one that served the world’s biggest fleet, the British Navy, with the naval stores essential to shipbuilding and maintenance. The pines yielded gum resin, rosin, pitch, tar, and turpentine. On oceangoing ships, pitch and tar Wilmington, N.C., was a hub for the naval stores industry. caulked seams, plugged leaks, and preserved ropes and This photograph depicts barrels at the Worth and Worth rosin yard and landing in 1873. rigging so they wouldn’t rot in the salty air. Nations depended on these goods. “Without them, and barrels in 1698. To stimulate naval stores production, in 1704 without access to the forests from which they came, a Britain offered the colonies an incentive, known as a bounty. nation’s military and commercial fleets were useless and its Parliament’s “Act for Encouraging the Importation of Naval ambitions fruitless,” author Lawrence Earley notes in his Stores from America” helped defray the eight-pounds- book Looking for Longleaf: The Rise and Fall of an American per-ton shipping cost at a rate of four pounds a ton on tar Forest. and pitch and three pounds on rosin and turpentine. -
Non-Wood Forest Products from Conifers
Page 1 of 8 NON -WOOD FOREST PRODUCTS 12 Non-Wood Forest Products From Conifers FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. M-37 ISBN 92-5-104212-8 (c) FAO 1995 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ABBREVIATIONS INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1 - AN OVERVIEW OF THE CONIFERS WHAT ARE CONIFERS? DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE USES CHAPTER 2 - CONIFERS IN HUMAN CULTURE FOLKLORE AND MYTHOLOGY RELIGION POLITICAL SYMBOLS ART CHAPTER 3 - WHOLE TREES LANDSCAPE AND ORNAMENTAL TREES Page 2 of 8 Historical aspects Benefits Species Uses Foliage effect Specimen and character trees Shelter, screening and backcloth plantings Hedges CHRISTMAS TREES Historical aspects Species Abies spp Picea spp Pinus spp Pseudotsuga menziesii Other species Production and trade BONSAI Historical aspects Bonsai as an art form Bonsai cultivation Species Current status TOPIARY CONIFERS AS HOUSE PLANTS CHAPTER 4 - FOLIAGE EVERGREEN BOUGHS Uses Species Harvesting, management and trade PINE NEEDLES Mulch Decorative baskets OTHER USES OF CONIFER FOLIAGE CHAPTER 5 - BARK AND ROOTS TRADITIONAL USES Inner bark as food Medicinal uses Natural dyes Other uses TAXOL Description and uses Harvesting methods Alternative -
Challenges and Opportunities to Use of Non-Timber Forest Resources: Exploring First Nations and Non-First Nations Relationships and Perspectives
Challenges and Opportunities to Use of Non-Timber Forest Resources: Exploring First Nations and Non-First Nations Relationships and Perspectives by Robin Samantha Charlton B.A. (Hons., International Development), University of Guelph, 2005 Research Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Resource Management Report No. 565 in the School of Resource and Environmental Management Faculty of Environment © Robin Samantha Charlton 2013 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Spring 2013 All rights reserved. However, in accordance with the Copyright Act of Canada, this work may be reproduced, without authorization, under the conditions for “Fair Dealing.” Therefore, limited reproduction of this work for the purposes of private study, research, criticism, review and news reporting is likely to be in accordance with the law, particularly if cited appropriately. Approval Name: Robin Samantha Charlton Degree: Master of Resource Management Title of Thesis: Challenges and Opportunities to Use of Non-Timber Forest Resources: Exploring First Nations and Non-First Nations Relationships and Perspectives Report No. 565 Examining Committee: Chair: Bastian Zeiger, MRM Evelyn Pinkerton Senior Supervisor Associate Professor Ajit Krishnaswamy Supervisor Adjunct Professor Date Defended/Approved: Jan 24, 2013 ii Partial Copyright Licence iii Abstract The community forest (CF) tenure in British Columbia has the potential to manage non- timber forest resources (NTFRs) in order to optimize economic, environmental and social benefit -
The Predator Script
THE PREDATOR by Shane Black & Fred Dekker Based on the characters created by Jim Thomas & John Thomas REVISED DRAFT 04-17-2016 SPACE Cold. Silent. A billion twinkling stars. Then... A bass RUMBLE rises. Becomes a BONE-RATTLING ROAR as -- A SPACECRAFT RACHETS PAST CAMERA, fuel cables WHIPPING into frame, torn loose! Titanium SCREAMS as the ship DETACHES VIOLENTLY; shards CASCADING in zero gravity--! (NOTE: For reasons that will become apparent, we let us call this vessel “THE ARK.”) WIDER - THE ARK as it HURTLES AWAY from a docking gantry underneath a vastly LARGER SHIP it was attached to. Wobbly. Desperate. We’re witnessing a HIJACK. WIDER STILL - THE PREDATOR MOTHER SHIP DWARFS the escaping vessel. Looming; like a nautilus of molded black steel. INT. PREDATOR MOTHER SHIP Backed by the glow of compu-screens, a half-glimpsed alien -- A PREDATOR -- watches the receding ARK through a viewport. (NOTE: we see him mostly in shadow, full reveal to come). INT. SMALLER VESSEL (ARK) Emergency lights illuminate a dank, organic-looking interior. CAMERA MOVES PAST: EIGHT STASIS CYLINDERS Around the periphery. FROST clouds the cryotubes, prevents us from seeing the “passengers.” Finally, CAMERA ARRIVES AT -- A HULKING, DREAD-LOCKED FIGURE The pilot of this crippled ship. We do not see him fully either, but for the record? This is our “GOOD” PREDATOR.” HIS TALONS dance across a control panel; a shrill beep..! Predator symbols, but we get the idea: ERROR--ERROR--ERROR-- Our Predator TAPS more controls. Feverish. Until -- EXT. ARK A final tether COMES LOOSE, venting PLASMA energy, and -- 2. -
Pine Tar; History and Uses
Pine Tar; History And Uses Theodore P. Kaye Few visitors to any ship which as been rigged in a traditional manner have left the vessel without experiencing the aroma of pine tar. The aroma produces reactions that are as strong as the scent; few people are ambivalent about its distinctive smell. As professionals engaged in the restoration and maintenance of old ships, we should know not only about this product, but also some of its history. Wood tar has been used by mariners as a preservative for wood and rigging for at least the past six centuries. In the northern parts of Scandinavia, small land owners produced wood tar as a cash crop. This tar was traded for staples and made its way to larger towns and cities for further distribution. In Sweden, it was called "Peasant Tar" or was named for the district from which it came, for example, Lukea Tar or Umea Tar. At first barrels were exported directly from the regions in which they were produced with the region's name burned into the barrel. These regional tars varied in quality and in the type of barrel used to transport it to market. Wood tars from Finland and Russia were seen as inferior to even the lowest grade of Swedish tar which was Haparanda tar. In 1648, the newly formed NorrlSndska TjSrkompaniet (The Wood Tar Company of North Sweden) was granted sole export privileges for the country by the King of Sweden. As Stockholm grew in importance, pine tar trading concentrated at this port and all the barrels were marked "Stockholm Tar". -
Current Issues in Non-Timber Forest Products Research
New Cover 6/24/98 9:56 PM Page 1 Current Issues in Non-Timber Forest Products Research Edited by M. Ruiz Pérez and J.E.M. Arnold CIFOR CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY RESEARCH Front pages 6/24/98 10:02 PM Page 1 CURRENT ISSUES IN NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS RESEARCH Front pages 6/24/98 10:02 PM Page 3 CURRENT ISSUES IN NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS RESEARCH Proceedings of the Workshop ÒResearch on NTFPÓ Hot Springs, Zimbabwe 28 August - 2 September 1995 Editors: M. Ruiz PŽrez and J.E.M. Arnold with the assistance of Yvonne Byron CIFOR CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY RESEARCH Front pages 6/24/98 10:02 PM Page 4 © 1996 by Center for International Forestry Research All rights reserved. Published 1996. Printed in Indonesia Reprinted July 1997 ISBN: 979-8764-06-4 Cover: Children selling baobab fruits near Hot Springs, Zimbabwe (photo: Manuel Ruiz PŽrez) Center for International Forestry Research Bogor, Indonesia Mailing address: PO Box 6596 JKPWB, Jakarta 10065, Indonesia Front pages 6/24/98 10:02 PM Page 5 Contents Foreword vii Contributors ix Chapter 1: Framing the Issues Relating to Non-Timber Forest Products Research 1 J.E. Michael Arnold and Manuel Ruiz PŽrez Chapter 2: Observations on the Sustainable Exploitation of Non-Timber Tropical Forest Products An EcologistÕs Perspective Charles M. Peters 19 Chapter 3: Not Seeing the Animals for the Trees The Many Values of Wild Animals in Forest Ecosystems 41 Kent H. Redford Chapter 4: Modernisation and Technological Dualism in the Extractive Economy in Amazonia 59 Alfredo K.O. -
Bark Beetles Integrated Pest Management for Home Gardeners and Landscape Professionals
BARK BEETLES Integrated Pest Management for Home Gardeners and Landscape Professionals Bark beetles, family Scolytidae, are California now has 20 invasive spe- common pests of conifers (such as cies of bark beetles, of which 10 spe- pines) and some attack broadleaf trees. cies have been discovered since 2002. Over 600 species occur in the United The biology of these new invaders is States and Canada with approximately poorly understood. For more informa- 200 in California alone. The most com- tion on these new species, including mon species infesting pines in urban illustrations to help you identify them, (actual size) landscapes and at the wildland-urban see the USDA Forest Service pamphlet, interface in California are the engraver Invasive Bark Beetles, in References. beetles, the red turpentine beetle, and the western pine beetle (See Table 1 Other common wood-boring pests in Figure 1. Adult western pine beetle. for scientific names). In high elevation landscape trees and shrubs include landscapes, such as the Tahoe Basin clearwing moths, roundheaded area or the San Bernardino Mountains, borers, and flatheaded borers. Cer- the Jeffrey pine beetle and mountain tain wood borers survive the milling Identifying Bark Beetles by their Damage pine beetle are also frequent pests process and may emerge from wood and Signs. The species of tree attacked of pines. Two recently invasive spe- in structures or furniture including and the location of damage on the tree cies, the Mediterranean pine engraver some roundheaded and flatheaded help in identifying the bark beetle spe- and the redhaired pine bark beetle, borers and woodwasps. Others colo- cies present (Table 1). -
Dragon Magazine
Blastoff! The STAR FRONTIERS™ game pro- The STAR FRONTIERS set includes: The work ject was ambitious from the start. The A 16-page Basic Game rule book problems that appear when designing A 64-page Expanded Game rule three complete and detailed alien cul- book tures, a huge frontier area, futuristic is done — A 32-page introductory module, equipment and weapons, and the game Crash on Volturnus rules that make all these elements work now comes 2 full-color maps, 23” x 35” together, were impossible to predict and 10¾" by 17" and not easy to overcome. But the dif- A sheet of 285 full-color counters the fun ficulties were resolved, and the result is a game that lets players enter a truly wide-open space society and explore, The races wander, fight, trade, or adventure A quartet of intelligent, starfaring by Steve Winter through it in the best science-fiction races inhabit the STAR FRONTIERS tradition. rules. New player characters can be D RAGON 7 members of any one of these groups: The adventure ple who had never played a wargame or a Humans (basically just like you With the frontier as its background, role-playing game before. In order to tap and me) the action in a STAR FRONTIERS game this huge market, TSR decided to re- Vrusk (insect-like creatures with focuses on exploring new worlds, dis- structure the STAR FRONTIERS game 10 limbs) covering alien secrets or unearthing an- so it would appeal to people who had Yazirians (ape-like humanoids cient cultures. The rule book includes never seen this type of game. -
It's Time India Turned Forests Into Assets
It's time India turned forests into assets Globally, forest governance is undergoing reforms to benefit from community forestry Communities in India can earn up to Rs 4,000 crore from non-timber forest produce like silk cocoon (Photo: Prashant Ravi) MEXICO AND India are worlds apart, both in terms of geography and forest governance. While Mexico has earned socially, economically and environmentally by promoting community forestry, India continues to follow the colonial forest regime that has alienated communities from their land and resources. At present, the Indian government recognises community rights over their forests under the Forest Rights Act (FRA) of 2006, and empowers the gram sabha (village council) to protect and manage them. But the law remains poorly implemented as forest departments continue to resist ceding control over forests. The Forest Survey of India’s (FSI’s) report in 1999 shows that 31 million ha of forests lay within revenue villages. “This should be the minimum area over which community forest rights need to be recognised,” says forest rights activist Madhu Sarin, who was part of the drafting process of FRA. But the government has so far recognised rights over only 2.5 million ha (see ‘Rights wronged’). Worse, this hardly includes community forests. This makes India a laggard; other countries have made far greater progress in forest governance reforms. In Papua New Guinea, about 95 per cent of forests are under community control while in Mexico, China, Bolivia and Brazil, about 70, 55, 35 and 13 per cent forests, respectively, are owned by communities. A study by Rights and Resources Initiative (RRI), a global network of non-profits, shows that forestland designated for and owned by communities has increased from 11.3 to 15.5 per cent worldwide between 2002 and 2013. -
Lenses Can Bend Light and Sound in Almost Any Direction 2 April 2012, by Lisa Zyga
Lenses can bend light and sound in almost any direction 2 April 2012, by Lisa Zyga a change, or gradient, in the refractive index of a lens, the scientists could create anisotropies - that is, make the lens' refractive index directionally dependent. "We explain how one can either focus or bend (at 90°, 180° and 360°) electromagnetic or pressure waves simply by creating some gradient of the refractive index, which in essence is associated with effective anisotropy," Guenneau told PhysOrg.com. "In layman's terms, we have curved the metric of space in the electromagnetic and acoustic contexts. We used realistic physical parameters and stress that one can use analogies 3D view of the electric field for a lens that bends light 90 between optics and acoustics to further the degrees. Image credit: T. M. Chang, et al. ©2012 IOP understanding: sometimes, thinking in terms of Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft sound waves allows us to better grasp the foundations of transformational optics, as light waves are more elusive (light has complex physical properties such as polarization and moreover, it (PhysOrg.com) -- When an optical fiber is bent by can propagate in vacuum unlike sound waves, 90° or more, the light begins to leak away, posing which is something that still puzzles me)." a problem for fiber optics communications. But by using special lenses that can bend light by not only These GRIN lenses, which can be considered 90°, but also 180° (i.e., a U-turn) or 360° (i.e., a metamaterials and metafluids, build upon the full loop), scientists may limit light leakage in principles of the invisibility cloak, which was co- optical fibers and overcome this problem, not to discovered in the spring of 2006 by Sir John Pendry mention provide a useful material for many other of Imperial College London and Ulf Leonhardt of applications. -
TAG, It's You! a NEW SPIN on an OLD GAME
Student Life Magazine The University of Advancing Technology Issue 5 SUMMER/FALL 2009 03 TAG, IT’S YOU A New Spin on an Old Game S N A P I T 50 D IGITAL DREAMS DO COME TRUE a Western Short FILM Destined for Greatness 24 Rise to The Surface Three Students Build a Multi-Touch Computer $6.95 SUMMER/FALL T.O.C. • • • LOOK FOR THESE MICROSOFT TAGS 04 TAG, IT'S YOU! A NEW SPIN ON AN OLD GAME TA B L E O F CON T E N T S GEEK 411 ISSUE 5 SUMMER/FALL 2009 ABOUT UAT 10 WE’RE TAKING OVER THE WORLD. JOIN US. 32 GET GEEKALICIOUS: T-SHIRT SALE 41 THE BRICKS (OUR AWESOME FACULTY) 49 THE MORTAR (OUR AWESOME STAFF) INSIDE THE TECH WORLD FEATURE 6 BIG BRAIN EVENTS STORIES 26 DEADLY TALENTED ALUMNI 35 WHAT'S YOUR GEEK IQ? 36 GO PLAY WITH YOUR DOTS 24 RISE TO THE SURFACE 38 WHAT’S HOT, WHAT’S NOT ThE RE STUDENTS BUILD A MULTI-TOUCH COMPUTER 42 DAYS OF FUTURE PAST 45 GADGETS & GIZMOS GEEK ESSENTIALS 12 GEEKS ON TOUR 18 DAY IN THE LIFE OF A DORM GEEK 30 LET THE TECH GAMES BEGIN 40 YOU KNOW YOU WANT THIS 46 HOW WE GOT SO AWESOME 47 WE GOT WHAT YOU NEED 22 GEEKILY EVER AFTER 54 GEEKS UNITE – CLUBS AND GROUPS HWTOO W UAT STUDENTS FELL IN LOVE AT FIRST SHOT STORIES ABOUT REALLY SMART PEOPLE 8 INVASION OF THE STAY PUFT BUNNY 29 RAY KURZWEIL 34 GEEK BLOGS 50 COWBOY DREAMS 20 DAVID WESSMAN IS THE MAN UAP T ROFESSOR DIRECTS FILM 16 LIVING THE GEEK DREAM 33 INTRODUCING… NEW GEEKS 14 WE DO STUFF THAT MATTERS 2 | GEEK 411 | UAT STUDENT LIFE MAGAZINE 09UT A 151 © CONTENTS COPYRIGHT BY FABCOM 20092008 LOOK FOR THESE MICROSOFT TAGS THROUGHOUT THIS S ISSUE OF GEEK 411 N AND TAG THEM A P TO GET MORE OF I THE STORY OR T BONUS CONTENT.