The Conflict of Obligations in Euripides' Alcestis
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The Hellenic Saga Gaia (Earth)
The Hellenic Saga Gaia (Earth) Uranus (Heaven) Oceanus = Tethys Iapetus (Titan) = Clymene Themis Atlas Menoetius Prometheus Epimetheus = Pandora Prometheus • “Prometheus made humans out of earth and water, and he also gave them fire…” (Apollodorus Library 1.7.1) • … “and scatter-brained Epimetheus from the first was a mischief to men who eat bread; for it was he who first took of Zeus the woman, the maiden whom he had formed” (Hesiod Theogony ca. 509) Prometheus and Zeus • Zeus concealed the secret of life • Trick of the meat and fat • Zeus concealed fire • Prometheus stole it and gave it to man • Freidrich H. Fuger, 1751 - 1818 • Zeus ordered the creation of Pandora • Zeus chained Prometheus to a mountain • The accounts here are many and confused Maxfield Parish Prometheus 1919 Prometheus Chained Dirck van Baburen 1594 - 1624 Prometheus Nicolas-Sébastien Adam 1705 - 1778 Frankenstein: The Modern Prometheus • Novel by Mary Shelly • First published in 1818. • The first true Science Fiction novel • Victor Frankenstein is Prometheus • As with the story of Prometheus, the novel asks about cause and effect, and about responsibility. • Is man accountable for his creations? • Is God? • Are there moral, ethical constraints on man’s creative urges? Mary Shelly • “I saw the pale student of unhallowed arts kneeling beside the thing he had put together. I saw the hideous phantasm of a man stretched out, and then, on the working of some powerful engine, show signs of life, and stir with an uneasy, half vital motion. Frightful must it be; for supremely frightful would be the effect of any human endeavour to mock the stupendous mechanism of the Creator of the world” (Introduction to the 1831 edition) Did I request thee, from my clay To mould me man? Did I solicit thee From darkness to promote me? John Milton, Paradise Lost 10. -
Hercules: Celebrity Strongman Or Kindly Deliverer?
Hercules: Celebrity Strongman or Kindly Deliverer? BY J. LARAE FERGUSON When Christoph Willibald Gluck’s French Alceste premiered in Paris on 23 April 1776, the work met with mixed responses. Although the French audience loved the first and second acts for their masterful staging and thrilling presentation, to them the third act seemed unappealing, a mere tedious extension of what had come before it. Consequently, Gluck and his French librettist Lebland Du Roullet returned to the drawing board. Within a mere two weeks, however, their alterations were complete. The introduction of the character Hercules, a move which Gluck had previously contemplated but never actualized, transformed the denouement and eventually brought the opera to its final popular acclaim. Despite Gluck’s sagacious wager that adding the character of Hercules would give to his opera the variety demanded by his French audience, many of his followers then and now admit that something about the character does not fit, something of the essential nature of the drama is lost by Hercules’ abrupt insertion. Further, although many of Gluck’s supporters maintain that his encouragement of Du Roullet to reinstate Hercules points to his acknowledged desire to adhere to the original Greek tragedy from which his opera takes its inspiration1, a close examination of the relationship between Gluck’s Hercules and Euripides’ Heracles brings to light marked differences in the actions, the purpose, and the characterization of the two heroes. 1 Patricia Howard, for instance, writes that “the difference between Du Roullet’s libretto and Calzabigi’s suggests that Gluck might have been genuinely dissatisfied at the butchery Calzabigi effected on Euripides, and his second version was an attempt not so much at a more French drama as at a more classically Greek one.” Patricia Howard, “Gluck’s Two Alcestes: A Comparison,” Musical Times 115 (1974): 642. -
Summaries of the Trojan Cycle Search the GML Advanced
Document belonging to the Greek Mythology Link, a web site created by Carlos Parada, author of Genealogical Guide to Greek Mythology Characters • Places • Topics • Images • Bibliography • PDF Editions About • Copyright © 1997 Carlos Parada and Maicar Förlag. Summaries of the Trojan Cycle Search the GML advanced Sections in this Page Introduction Trojan Cycle: Cypria Iliad (Synopsis) Aethiopis Little Iliad Sack of Ilium Returns Odyssey (Synopsis) Telegony Other works on the Trojan War Bibliography Introduction and Definition of terms The so called Epic Cycle is sometimes referred to with the term Epic Fragments since just fragments is all that remain of them. Some of these fragments contain details about the Theban wars (the war of the SEVEN and that of the EPIGONI), others about the prowesses of Heracles 1 and Theseus, others about the origin of the gods, and still others about events related to the Trojan War. The latter, called Trojan Cycle, narrate events that occurred before the war (Cypria), during the war (Aethiopis, Little Iliad, and Sack of Ilium ), and after the war (Returns, and Telegony). The term epic (derived from Greek épos = word, song) is generally applied to narrative poems which describe the deeds of heroes in war, an astounding process of mutual destruction that periodically and frequently affects mankind. This kind of poetry was composed in early times, being chanted by minstrels during the 'Dark Ages'—before 800 BC—and later written down during the Archaic period— from c. 700 BC). Greek Epic is the earliest surviving form of Greek (and therefore "Western") literature, and precedes lyric poetry, elegy, drama, history, philosophy, mythography, etc. -
A. W. Schlegel and the Nineteenth-Century Damnatio of Euripides Ernst Behler
BEHLER, ERNST, A. W. Schlegel and the Nineteenth-Century "Damnatio" of Euripides , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 27:4 (1986:Winter) p.335 A. W. Schlegel and the Nineteenth-Century Damnatio of Euripides Ernst Behler N HIS 1802-04 Berlin lectures on aesthetics, August Wilhelm Schle I gel claimed that his younger brother Friedrich (in his essay On the Study of Greek Poetry U795]), had been the first in the modern age to discern the "immeasurable gulf" separating Euripides from Aeschylus and Sophocles, thereby reviving an attitude the Greeks themselves had assumed towards the poet. The elder Schlegel noted that certain contemporaries of Euripides felt the "deep decline" both in his tragic art and in the music of the time: Aristophanes, with his unrelenting satire, had been assigned by God as Euripides' "eternal scourge"; 1 Plato, in reproaching the poets for fostering the passionate state of mind through excessive emotionalism, actually pointed to Euripides (SK I 40). Schlegel believed that his younger brother's observation of the profound difference between Euripides and the two other Greek tragedians was an important intuition that required detailed critical and comparative analysis for sufficient development (SK II 359). By appropriating this task as his own, August Wilhelm Schlegel inaugurated a phenomenon that we may describe as the nineteenth-century damnatio of Euripides. The condemnation of Euripides by these early German romantics was no extravagant and isolated moment in their critical activity: it constituted a central event in the progressive formation of a new literary theory. Their pronouncements must be seen in the context of a larger movement, towards the end of the eighteenth century, that transformed the critical scene in Europe: the fall of the classicist doctrine and the rise of the new literary theory of romanticism. -
Les Opéras De Lully Remaniés Par Rebel Et Francœur Entre 1744 Et 1767 : Héritage Ou Modernité ? Pascal Denécheau
Les opéras de Lully remaniés par Rebel et Francœur entre 1744 et 1767 : héritage ou modernité ? Pascal Denécheau To cite this version: Pascal Denécheau. Les opéras de Lully remaniés par Rebel et Francœur entre 1744 et 1767 : héritage ou modernité ? : Deuxième séminaire de recherche de l’IRPMF : ”La notion d’héritage dans l’histoire de la musique”. 2007. halshs-00437641 HAL Id: halshs-00437641 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00437641 Preprint submitted on 1 Dec 2009 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. P. Denécheau : « Les opéras de Lully remaniés par Rebel et Francœur : héritage ou modernité ? » Les opéras de Lully remaniés par Rebel et Francœur entre 1744 et 1767 : héritage ou modernité ? Une grande partie des œuvres lyriques composées au XVIIe siècle par Lully et ses prédécesseurs ne se sont maintenues au répertoire de l’Opéra de Paris jusqu’à la fin du siècle suivant qu’au prix d’importants remaniements : les scènes jugées trop longues ou sans lien avec l’action principale furent coupées, quelques passages réécrits, un accompagnement de l’orchestre ajouté là où la voix n’était auparavant soutenue que par le continuo. -
Goneis in Athenian Law (And Perception)
GONEIS IN ATHENIAN LAW (AND PERCEPTION) David Whitehead Queen’s University Belfast [email protected] Abstract: This paper aims to establish what the laws of classical Athens meant when they used the term goneis. A longstanding and widespread orthodoxy holds that, despite the simple and largely unproblematic “dictionary” definition of the noun goneus/goneis as parent/parents, Athenian law extended it beyond an individual’s father and mother, so as to include – if they were still alive – protection and respect for his or her grandparents, and even great-grandparents. While this is not a notion of self-evident absurdity, I challenge it on two associated counts, one broad and one narrow. On a general, contextual level, genre-by genre survey and analysis of the evidence for what goneus means (and implies) in everyday life and usage shows, in respect of the word itself, an irresistible thrust in favour of the literal ‘parent’ sense. Why then think otherwise? Because of confusion, in modern minds, engendered by Plato and by Isaeus. In Plato’s case, his legislation for Magnesia contemplates (I argue) legal protection for grandparents but does not, by that mere fact, extend the denotation of goneis to them. And crucially for a proper understanding of the law(s) of Athens itself, two much-cited passages in the lawcourt speeches of Isaeus, 1.39 and 8.32, turn out to be the sole foundation for the modern misunderstanding about the legal scope of goneis. They should be recognised for what they are: passages where law is secondary and rhetorical persuasion paramount. -
Download Notes 10-04.Pdf
Can you kill a god? Can he feel pain? Can you make him bleed? What do gods eat? Does Zeus delegate authority? Why does Zeus get together with Hera? Which gods are really the children of Zeus and Hera? Anthropomorphic Egyptian Greek ἡ ἀμβροσία ambrosia τὸ νέκταρ nectar ὁ ἰχώρ ichor Games and Traditions epichoric = local tradition Panhellenic = common, shared tradition Dumézil’s Three Functions of Indo-European Society (actually Plato’s three parts of the soul) religion priests τὀ λογιστικόν sovereignty 1 kings (reason) justice τὸ θυμοειδές warriors military 2 (spirit, temper) craftsmen, production τὸ ἐπιθυμητικόν farmers, economy 3 (desire, appetite) herders fertility Gaia Uranus Iapetus X Cœus Phœbe Rhea Cronos Atlas Pleione Leto gods (next slide) Maia Rhea Cronos Aphrodite? Hestia Hades Demeter Poseidon Hera Zeus Ares (et al.) Maia Leto Hephæstus Hermes Apollo Artemis Athena ZEUS Heaven POSEIDON Sea HADES Underworld ἡ Ἐστία HESTIA Latin: Vesta ἡ Ἥρα HERA Latin: Juno Boōpis Cuckoo Cow-Eyed (Peacock?) Scepter, Throne Argos, Samos Samos (Heraion) Argos Heraion, Samos Not the Best Marriage the poor, shivering cuckoo the golden apples of the Hesperides (the Daughters of Evening) honeymoon Temenos’ three names for Hera Daidala Athena Iris Hera Milky Way Galaxy Heracles Hera = Zeus Hephæstus Ares Eris? Hebe Eileithyia ὁ Ζεύς, τοῦ Διός ZEUS Latin: Juppiter Aegis-bearer Eagle Cloud-gatherer Lightning Bolt Olympia, Dodona ἡ ξενία xenia hospitality ὁ ὅρκος horcus ἡ δίκη oath dicē justice Dodona Olympia Crete Dodona: Gaia, Rhea, Dione, Zeus Olympia: -
A Level Classical Civilisation Candidate Style Answers
Qualification Accredited A LEVEL Candidate style answers CLASSICAL CIVILISATION H408 For first assessment in 2019 H408/11: Homer’s Odyssey Version 1 www.ocr.org.uk/alevelclassicalcivilisation A Level Classical Civilisation Candidate style answers Contents Introduction 3 Question 3 4 Question 4 8 Essay question 12 2 © OCR 2019 A Level Classical Civilisation Candidate style answers Introduction OCR has produced this resource to support teachers in interpreting the assessment criteria for the new A Level Classical Civilisation specification and to bridge the gap between new specification’s release and the availability of exemplar candidate work following first examination in summer 2019. The questions in this resource have been taken from the H408/11 World of the Hero specimen question paper, which is available on the OCR website. The answers in this resource have been written by students in Year 12. They are supported by an examiner commentary. Please note that this resource is provided for advice and guidance only and does not in any way constitute an indication of grade boundaries or endorsed answers. Whilst a senior examiner has provided a possible mark/level for each response, when marking these answers in a live series the mark a response would get depends on the whole process of standardisation, which considers the big picture of the year’s scripts. Therefore the marks/levels awarded here should be considered to be only an estimation of what would be awarded. How levels and marks correspond to grade boundaries depends on the Awarding process that happens after all/most of the scripts are marked and depends on a number of factors, including candidate performance across the board. -
Winged Feet and Mute Eloquence: Dance In
Winged Feet and Mute Eloquence: Dance in Seventeenth-Century Venetian Opera Author(s): Irene Alm, Wendy Heller and Rebecca Harris-Warrick Source: Cambridge Opera Journal, Vol. 15, No. 3 (Nov., 2003), pp. 216-280 Published by: Cambridge University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3878252 Accessed: 05-06-2015 15:05 UTC REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3878252?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Cambridge University Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Cambridge Opera Journal. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.112.200.107 on Fri, 05 Jun 2015 15:05:41 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions CambridgeOpera Journal, 15, 3, 216-280 ( 2003 CambridgeUniversity Press DOL 10.1017/S0954586703001733 Winged feet and mute eloquence: dance in seventeenth-century Venetian opera IRENE ALM (edited by Wendy Heller and Rebecca Harris-Warrick) Abstract: This article shows how central dance was to the experience of opera in seventeenth-centuryVenice. -
Iphigénie En Tauride
Christoph Willibald Gluck Iphigénie en Tauride CONDUCTOR Tragedy in four acts Patrick Summers Libretto by Nicolas-François Guillard, after a work by Guymond de la Touche, itself based PRODUCTION Stephen Wadsworth on Euripides SET DESIGNER Saturday, February 26, 2011, 1:00–3:25 pm Thomas Lynch COSTUME DESIGNER Martin Pakledinaz LIGHTING DESIGNER Neil Peter Jampolis CHOREOGRAPHER The production of Iphigénie en Tauride was Daniel Pelzig made possible by a generous gift from Mr. and Mrs. Howard Solomon. Additional funding for this production was provided by Bertita and Guillermo L. Martinez and Barbara Augusta Teichert. The revival of this production was made possible by a GENERAL MANAGER gift from Barbara Augusta Teichert. Peter Gelb MUSIC DIRECTOR James Levine Iphigénie en Tauride is a co-production with Seattle Opera. 2010–11 Season The 17th Metropolitan Opera performance of Christoph Willibald Gluck’s Iphigénie en This performance is being broadcast Tauride live over The Toll Brothers– Metropolitan Conductor Opera Patrick Summers International Radio Network, in order of vocal appearance sponsored by Toll Brothers, Iphigénie America’s luxury Susan Graham homebuilder®, with generous First Priestess long-term Lei Xu* support from Second Priestess The Annenberg Cecelia Hall Foundation, the Vincent A. Stabile Thoas Endowment for Gordon Hawkins Broadcast Media, A Scythian Minister and contributions David Won** from listeners worldwide. Oreste Plácido Domingo This performance is Pylade also being broadcast Clytemnestre Paul Groves** Jacqueline Antaramian live on Metropolitan Opera Radio on Diane Agamemnon SIRIUS channel 78 Julie Boulianne Rob Besserer and XM channel 79. Saturday, February 26, 2011, 1:00–3:25 pm This afternoon’s performance is being transmitted live in high definition to movie theaters worldwide. -
Euripides : Suppliant to the Divine Feminine
Montclair State University Montclair State University Digital Commons Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects 1-2020 Euripides : Suppliant to the Divine Feminine Liz Amato Montclair State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.montclair.edu/etd Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Recommended Citation Amato, Liz, "Euripides : Suppliant to the Divine Feminine" (2020). Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects. 333. https://digitalcommons.montclair.edu/etd/333 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Montclair State University Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects by an authorized administrator of Montclair State University Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract The Euripidean tragedies Hippolytus., The Bacchae and The Medea present us with female characters who have sacred and profcrund interactionrs with the gods. These women havr: powerful ritualistic abilities that move the tragic a,ction. Sirrrilarly, Euripides' versions of Hecuba ancl Electra present us v,rith dynamio female characters who derive their agency from tlhe religio-judiroial need for cosmic ;,rtonement. .tt is up to these heroines to uphold the sacred laws decreed by the gods. Why does l:uripides errLpower these fernales with such direct means of divination? Arguably, Euripides felt it necessary to use these,deistic feminine connections to destroy the titular male characters. The tragedian's implicaticn is clear: divine feminine power supersedes patriarchal power. This divine power is inherent in all women and it compels them act on behalf of cosmic necessity'. The importance of Medea's, Phaedra's and Agave's respective spiritual connections shows us the crucial role that women ptayed in ancient religious worship. -
The Medea of Euripides and Seneca: a Comparison
Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Master's Theses Theses and Dissertations 1941 The Medea of Euripides and Seneca: A Comparison Mary Enrico Frisch Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses Part of the Classics Commons Recommended Citation Frisch, Mary Enrico, "The Medea of Euripides and Seneca: A Comparison" (1941). Master's Theses. 180. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/180 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1941 Mary Enrico Frisch -If.. THE MEDEA OF EURIPIDES AND SENECA: A COMPARISON by Sister Mary Enrico Frisch, S.S.N.D. A Thesis submitted 1n partial ~ul~illment o~ the requirements ~or the degree o~ Master o~ Arts Loyola University August, 1941 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I Introduction: Survey o~ Opinion. 1 II Broad Similarities in Moti~ and 6 Sentiment. III Broad Similarities in the Plot 30 o~ the Medea o~ Euripides and the Medea o~ Seneca. IV Parallels in Phraseology. 51 v Characters and Their Attitude 73 to the Gods. Bibliography a. Re~erences ~or the Medea 91 o~ Euripides. b. Re~erences ~or the Medea 95 o~ Seneca. c. General Works. 98 THE MEDEA OF EURIPIDES AND SENECA: A COMPARISON Chapter I INTRODUCTION: SURVEY OF OPINION It is not a new theory that Seneca used the plays o~ Eurip ides as models for his Latin tragedies, particularly his Medea, Hippolytus, Hercules Furens, Troades and the Phoenissae.