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7- Process Industries - Steam Plants - Municipal Works ARMY AND NAVY ACADEMY MERRILL BERKLEY "WHERE THE CAMPUS MEETS THE SURF" INSTRUMENTS AND CONTROLS If you are interested in a school of distinction for your son. investigate this fully accredited military academy-one of the Recording - Integrating - Indicating - Regulating West's oldest. Successful guidance program. The only school in PRospect 8695 1151 SOUTH BROADWAY the West located on the ocean. PRospect 91 36 LOS ANGELES 15 For Catalogue: Box ES Army and Navy Academy, Carlshad. Calif. Life Insurance Annuities VROMAN'S LYLE H. CHENEY Sy: 3-1171 Ry: 1-6669 New York Life Insurance Company Books & Stationery Office Equipment 469 E. Colorado St. 1271 E. Colorado St. Ryan 1-6191 Security Building Sycamore 2-7141 Pasadena 1, Calif. r I Phone PRospect 7271 SMITH-EMERY COMPANY Since I910 Chemical and Physical Testing Laboratories 920 Santee Street Los Angeles 15, California 1 1956 So. Figueroa .. Los Aneeles 7 Research Welding Company ALLEN MACHINE & TOOL CO. Magnesium Aluminum Stainless-steel Hastaloy Designers and Builders of Special Machinery and Tools SPECfALISTS Also General Machine Work Jet Assemblies Components 13409 S. Alameda Street Comptot~, California 101 West Spring Street, Long Beach Phones: NEvada 6-2707 - NEwmark 1-8190 Nevada 62205 A Quarter Century Klett - Summerson of Leadership SE In the manufacture of: Industrial 1 Model Plaster Mixers $202 .OO All Steel Concrete Mixers Two-Man Suction Dredges Steel-Frame Contractors Hoists Leaders In the manufacture of: Evaporative Air Coolers Clinical Road Rollers Model Air-Power Weed Spraying Equipment $1 48.00 Portable Paint Spraying Equipment Self-priming Pumps ESSICK MANUFACTURING CO. Tucker 5 144 1950 Santa Fe Ave. Los Angeles 21 BY-LINES CHESTER STOCK Dr. Chester Stock, professor of paleonto 1 o g y at the California In- stitute since 1926, has guided the pro- gress of paleonto- logical research in the western states and Mexico, and has contributed to the study of early man in America. Dr. Stock has made important fossil discoveries in the California Coast Ranges, and has conducted important field studies under a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship. CONTENTS FOR APRIL, 1947 . JOHN A. SCHUTZ The Professional Engineers' Registration Act . 3 In 1945 John A. Schutz joined the The Dawn Horse or Eohippus . 4 Division o f t h e Chester Stock. Humanities as an By instructor of his- tory in the Navy V-5 program. Sagebrush Diplomacy . 6 Since the depart- By John A. Scbutz ure of the Navy, Dr. S c h u t z has taught American C. I. T. News . 8 history and coached the CalTech de- bate squad. Born in Los Angeles and receiving Book Review . 12 all of his education in the California schools, Dr. Schutz is a local pro- Alumni News . 13 duct. He won his doctorate from the University of California at Los Angeles in 1945, where he had pre- viously instructed in the Army Spe- cialized Training Program and in the civilian courses in British-American relations. During his years at U.C.L.A. Dr. Schutz achieved the honor of a Uni- versity of California Fellowship in ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE MONTHLY History for 1943-1944, membership in Phi Kappa Delta, honorary speech society, and a record as champion de- Published at the California Institute of Technology bater and orator. Dr. Schutz also was one of the founders of the U.C.- PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE: Hugh F. Colvin '36, Chairman; Raymond D. L.A. Graduate Guild and served as Andrews '15; Harry K. Farrar '27; Robert G. Smith '31. its first president. EDITORIAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE: Hugh F. Colvin, Chairman; Pro- Dr. Schutz is the author of many fessor George W. Beadle, biology; Professor Robert D. Gray, industrial relations; articles on American colonial history George H. Hall, administrative assistant to the President; Langdon Hedrick, Presi- and is at present putting the finishing dent, ASCIT; Professor Richard H. Jahns '35, geology and geophysics; Professor touches on a biography. William H. Pickering '32, electrical engineering; Professor J. E. Wallace Sterling, humanities; Professor Ernest C. Watson, physics and mathematics. EDITORIAL CONSULTANT: Professor of English George R. MacMinn. STAFF: Editor-in-Chief---Hugh F. Colvin, '36 Business Manager-Wesley P. Bunnelle Managing Editor-Wesley P. Bunnelle Circulation Manager-W. D. Sellers, '25 COVER CAPTION Associate and News Editor-Jeanne Basham Diesel engine being tested on a dynamometer in the mechanical en- ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE MONTHLY n publnhed monthly on the 25th of each month gineering laboratory at the California bv the Alumni Association. California Institute of Technology. Inc.. 1201 East California Street. Pasadena. California. Annual subscription $3.50. single copies 33 cent% Entered as second class Institute of Technology. The test is matter at the Post Office at Pasadena, California. on September 6. 1939. under the Act of March being made by Peter Kyropoulos, in- 3. 1879. All Publishers' Righw Reserved. Reproduction of material contained herein forbidden structor in mechanical engineering. without written authorwation. APRIL, 1947 Page 1 fit $2532-6 1. In 1946 the owners of Union Oil C onlpany 2. For Union Oil Company is owned not by 3. Even this sum wasn't all paid uut in divi- made ~toialnit proht of $8,867,023. Most ot 1 man or 2 but by 35,012 individual Ameri- dends. $4,200,753 was left in the business So us will admit that almost 9 million dollars 1s cans -enough to fill a good-iiized ball park dividends paid out -money that aitnally went A lot ot money. But what many of uii fail to Divided among that many owners, the net to the owners aver~gcdlust $133.28 per consider is that those proht dollars were dl- profits (~tually'weraged ju5t $253.26 per -.haieholi.ier,or $1 1 1 I per month Wages paid vided among a lot ot people. common shareholder. out, plus the cost of retirement and other ben- efit plans, averaged $3.522.70 pi.1 employee, or $293.56 per month. 4. In other words, while Union Oil Com- 5. There are 56 in Spokane, Washington, 6. SO it is not the investments ofa few mil- pany looks pretty big from the standpoint of 10 in Grants Pass,Oregon, 177 in Bakersfield, lionaires, but the comhined savings of thou- ail its oil wells, refineries, service stations, etc., (. alitoriua,etc. 2,150areUnionOil employees. sands of average citizens, that make Union the company is actually owned- -and the prof- The. average shareholder owns 153 shares- Oil -and most American corporations- -pos- its shared-by ordinary Americans like you about $2,900 worth on today's market Some sible, and without some such method of pro- and your neighbor next door. 70% of these own less than this,some mole, but the largest viding the necessary tools, American mass owners live in the West. owns only about 1'0 of the total shares out- production which is based on fret ~iimp~titiiin staniJtng. could never have been aciomplisl~ed. AMERICA'S FIFTH FREEDOM IS FREE ENTERPRISE G AND SCIENCE MONT The Professional Engineers' Registration HE PROPOSED Professional Engineers' Registra- In small organiations where one engineer is in full tion Act, recently introduced into the California charge of engineering it appears certain that he would T State Assembly where it became Assembly Bill be required to register. 1930, would make any person guilty of a misdemeanor and subject to a fine of $100 to $500 if he engages As the bill facilitates registration of those who in the practice of professional engineering without have practiced professional engineering for some having been registered as provided by this Act, un- time, there should be no reluctance on the part of less he is exempt from registration. present engineers to approve the act for fear they would have difficulty passing registration exainina- One of the first questions asked about the proposed tions. act by an engineer is whether he is included among Proponents of the proposed act argue, among other those who must be registered. The phrase "practice points, that it will aid in safeguarding health, life, of professional engineering" is so broadly defined by property and public welfare by giving the public a the bill that no Tech man should entertain any minimum standard by which to judge engineering doubts regarding his inclusion so far as this phrase competence and bv prohibiting persons of lesser qual- is concerned. Either he is clearly not included be- ifications from offering engineering service to the cause his work is definitely non-engineering in char- public. They cite, as an example, the case of Robert acter or he is included by the definition. Magee who posed as a chemical engineer and, through The engineer should look closely at this bill if it mishandling of a large quantity of perchloric acid, would make hip- guilty of a misdemeanor in case he caused one of the most deadly and property-destruc- continued working as at present. He may, of couise, tive industrial explosions in the history of Los An- avoid committing a misdemeanor by registering as geles when the 07Connor electro-plating plant was a professional engineer. But let us consider the im- destroyed in February. Had the proposed Registra- port of the phrase "unless he is exempt from regis- tion Act been functioning before he was hired, Mr. tration." There are two broad exempt classes: first, Magee would have been asked to wroduce evidence engineers whose practice does not affect the health of his registration in cpalifying for the position. The and safety of persons, and second, engineers who do act's proponents state that he would have been un- not assume responsible charge of work.