Initial Environmental Examination PHI: Improving Growth Corridors In

Initial Environmental Examination

Project number: 41076-048 June 2020

PHI: Improving Growth Corridors in Mindanao Road Sector Project PR-12: Curuan – Sibuco Road

Prepared by the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) for the Asian Development Bank.

ABBREVIATIONS

AASHTO - American Association of State Highways and Transportation Officials ADB - Asian Development Bank A&D - Alienable and Disposable CENRO - Community Environment and Natural Resources Office CNC - Certificate of Non-coverage CO2 - Carbon Dioxide CR - Critically Endangered CSC - Construction Supervision Consultant DAO - Department Administrative Order DBH - Diameter at Breast Height DENR - Department of Environment and Natural Resources DED - Detailed Engineering Design Consultant DEO - District Engineering Office DOH - Department of Health DPWH - Department of Public Works and Highways ECA - Environmentally Critical Area ECC - Environmental Compliance Certificate ECP - Environmentally Critical Project EHS - Environmental, Health and Safety EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment EIS - Environmental Impact Statement EMB - Environmental Management Bureau EMP - Environmental Management Plan EO - Executive Order EPRMP - Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan ESSD - Environment and Social Safeguards Department of DPWH FGD - Focus Group Discussion GHG - Greenhouse Gases GOP - Government of the Philippines GRC - Grievance Redress Committee GRM - Grievance Redress Mechanism IEC - Information, Education and Communication IFC - International Finance Corporation IEE - Initial Environmental Examination IEER - Initial Environmental Examination Report IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature LGU - Local Government Unit Ncm - Normal Cubic Meter NO2 - Nitrogen Dioxide PAGASA - Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration PCCP - Portland Cement Concrete Pavement PCDG - Prestressed Concrete Deck Girder PD - Presidential Decree PEISS - Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System PM - Particulate Matter PPTA - Project Preparatory Technical Assistance PR - Project Road RA - Republic Act RCBC - Reinforced Concrete Box Culvert RCDG - Reinforced Concrete Deck Girder RCPC - Reinforced Concrete Pipe Culvert REA - Rapid Environmental Assessment RF - Relative Frequency

RMC II - Roads Management Cluster II ROW - Right of Way SPS - ADB Safeguard Policy Statement of 2009 TA - Technical Assistance TSP - Total Suspended Particulate TSS - Total Suspended Solids UPMO - Unified Project Management Office VU - Vulnerable WHO - World Health Organization

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Table of Contents

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 6 II. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ...... 10

A. ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS, REGULATIONS AND GUIDELINES IN THE PHILIPPINES ...... 10 B. EIA SYSTEM IN THE PHILIPPINES ...... 12 C. ADB’S SAFEGUARD POLICY STATEMENT ...... 15 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT...... 17

A. OVERVIEW...... 17 B. LOCATION...... 17 C. PROPOSED IMPROVEMENT WORKS ...... 18 D. BASIC DESIGN OF PROJECT ROAD...... 20 a. Selection of Design Elements...... 20 b. Climate Change Adaptation ...... 21 E. ROAD SAFETY...... 22 IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 27

A. LAND ENVIRONMENT ...... 27 a. Topography and Slope ...... 27 b. Land Use ...... 28 c. Geology ...... 28 d. Soils ...... 29 B. CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGY ...... 29 a. Climate ...... 29 b. Rainfall ...... 29 ...... 30 c. Temperature ...... 30 d. Relative Humidity ...... 30 e. Wind ...... 30 C. WATER RESOURCES ...... 30 D. AIR QUALITY AND NOISE ...... 31 E. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES ...... 32 F. SOCIOECONOMIC RESOURCES ...... 34 a. Population and Population Density ...... 34 b. Household Size...... 35 c. Ethnicity ...... 35 Source: Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of the Municipality of Sibuco; and NSO, 2000 Census of Population and Housing for Zamboanga City...... 36 d. Education and Educational Resources ...... 36 e. Health Services ...... 36 f. Security Services ...... 37 V. ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES...... 39

A. PRE-CONSTRUCTION ...... 40 a. Encroachment on Environmentally Sensitive Areas...... 40 b. Impacts and Risks to Biodiversity Conservation ...... 40 B. CONSTRUCTION ...... 40 a. Inadequate Disclosure of Project Information and GRM...... 40 b. Local Air Pollution...... 40 c. Noise ...... 41 d. Impacts due to Spoils Disposal ...... 43 e. Impacts from Operation of Borrow Areas and Quarries ...... 43 f. Erosion and Unstable Slopes ...... 43

iii

g. Deterioration of Water Quality and Soil Contamination ...... 44 h. Loss of Vegetation ...... 45 i. Occupational Health and Safety Hazards ...... 46 j. Public Health and Safety Hazards ...... 47 k. Traffic Obstruction ...... 47 l. Accidental Discovery of Artefacts...... 47 m. Damage to Properties ...... 48 n. Unanticipated Environmental Impacts ...... 48 C. OPERATION PHASE ...... 48 a. Air Quality ...... 48 b. Noise ...... 50 c. Induced Impacts ...... 51 VI. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION ...... 52

A. CONSULTATIONS CONDUCTED DURING THE PREPARATION OF DRAFT RIPP ...... 53 VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN...... 59 INSTITUTIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ...... 80

REPORTING ...... 82 VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 83 IX. CONCLUSION ...... 84 APPENDIX 1. ROAD CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY PR 12: CURUAN-SIBUCO ROAD ...... 85 APPENDIX 2. SPECIES, CONSERVATION STATUS AND NUMBER OF TREES TO BE CUT ...... 101 APPENDIX 3. LIST OF SENSITIVE RECEPTORS BY BARANGAY ALONG PR 12 ...... 108 APPENDIX 4. GRIEVANCE INTAKE FORM ...... 110 APPENDIX 5. PROJECT SEMI-ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT OUTLINE ...... 112 1. Outline of a Project Environmental Progress and Monitoring Report ...... 112

List of Figures Figure 1. Flow of EIA Process ...... 14 Figure 2. Vicinity Map of PR 12 ...... 18 Figure 3. PR 12 Subproject Location ...... 19 Figure 4. Contour Map of Zamboanga Peninsula with PR12 alignment in black ...... 27 Figure 5 Land cover along PR12 ...... 28 Figure 6. Climate Map of Zamboanga Peninsula ...... 30 Figure 7. Air Quality and Noise Sampling Locations ...... 31 Figure 8 Protected Areas in Zamboanga Peninsula (green areas)...... 33

List of Tables Table 1. Major Environmental Laws in the Philippines ...... 10 Table 2. Environmental Laws and Decrees in the Philippines ...... 10 Table 3. Philippine Environmental Agreements to the International Treaty ...... 12 Table 4. Laws and Regulations regarding EIA in the Philippines ...... 12 Table 5. EIS and IEE Requirements for Road and Bridge Projects ...... 15 Table 6. Category Classifications on the Environment based on SPS 2009 ...... 15 Table 7. Subproject Scope and Coverage ...... 20 Table 8. Summary Road Safety Measures...... 22 Table 9. Quarterly Averages of Criteria Pollutants (CY2017)...... 32 Table 10. Participatory Mapping Results on Biodiversity in the Municipality of Sibuco ...... 34 Table 11. Population of barangays along PR12 ...... 35 Table 12. Ethnicity, Municipality of Sibuco, Zamboanga del Norte ...... 35 Table 13. Summary of Environmental Impacts Screening for PR 12 ...... 39 Table 14. Construction Noise / Distance Relationship ...... 42 Table 15. Construction Machinery Noise ...... 42 Table 16. Traffic Demand Estimation 2015-2040 Region IX (in % pa)...... 49 Table 17. NO2 Predicted Concentrations (ppm) along PR 12...... 49 Table 18. PM10 Predicted Concentrations (µg/m3) along PR 12 ...... 49 Table 19. Estimated hourly traffic volume for PR12 ...... 50 Table 20. Predicted sound level along PR12 roadside for future traffic scenarios ...... 50 Table 21. Public Consultations Conducted in 4 barangays traversed by PR12...... 53 Table 22. Public consultations conducted in 4 Barangays to be traversed by PR12...... 55 Table 23. Summary of Issues and Concerns raised by APs ...... 56 Table 24. Impact Mitigation Plan ...... 61 Table 25. Environmental Monitoring Program...... 78 Table 26. Responsibilities for EMP Implementation ...... 80

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. The Government of the Philippines has approached the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for financial and technical support for the Improving Growth Corridors in Mindanao Road Sector Project (the project).

2. Transportation is a key sector in the Philippine economy with roads being the dominant subsector. The national road network comprises 29,630 kilometers (km), or 14% of the total road network and includes the main trunk roads, the national primary arterial roads, and national secondary roads. An efficient road subsector is crucial for the Philippines’ economic growth and poverty reduction. Despite its importance to the national economy, the road subsector has not received adequate funding. Expansion or improvement of the network has been limited in recent years, and many roads deteriorate prematurely due to inadequate maintenance. Government funding for the road network has been increasing in recent years; however, about 23% of the national road network is in poor condition and in need of rehabilitation. This contributes to the rising number of road accidents in the Philippines. The increasing impact of climate change, particularly flooding, is having a negative effect on the road network. The road network in Mindanao is less developed than the national network. While 82% and 89% of the national roads in Luzon and the Visayas are paved, only 70% of the national roads in Mindanao are paved.

3. The project supports the Government of the Philippines’ priorities for improvement of the country’s road network and development of Mindanao.1 It also supports the key objective of ADB’s strategy for the Philippines of helping the country achieve high, inclusive, and sustainable growth.2 The project is consistent with ADB’s Strategy 2020 through its focus on improving the delivery of infrastructure services as well as investing in physical assets.3 The project supports regional cooperation and integration by contributing to the implementation of the ASEAN Highway and BIMP-EAGA Priority Infrastructure Projects. It supports ADB’s Sustainable Transport Initiative4 by addressing climate change and road safety, and it is included in ADB’s Philippines Transport Sector Assessment, Strategy, and Road Map.

4. Use of the sector loan will enable the government to achieve inclusive economic development by concentrating road improvement subprojects in Mindanao and will provide flexibility in determining the most appropriate location for subprojects given changing political and security conditions in Mindanao. The project meets all the requirements for a sector loan:5 (i) the government has a sector development plan and the institutional capacity to implement it, (ii) its policies applicable to the sector are appropriate, and (iii) DPWH has demonstrated capacity.

5. The project is considered Category B for environment based on ADB's Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS 2009). The project will improve an estimated 300 km of national primary, secondary, and tertiary roads in Mindanao. The improvements will include paving earth roads, replacing damaged road sections, widening existing roads, adding surface overlays, and replacing and strengthening bridges. The project roads will be designed with features to strengthen resilience to climate change. Among the structural and non-structural features included are elevated pavement levels, enhanced slope protection, and improved maintenance of drainage structures. Road safety on these roads will be improved through road safety community awareness campaigns.

1 National Economic and Development Authority. 2011. Philippine Development Plan, 2011–2016. Manila. 2 ADB. 2011. Country Partnership Strategy: Philippines, 2011–2016. Manila. 3 ADB. 2008. Strategy 2020: The Long-Term Strategic Framework of the Asian Development Bank, 2008–2020. Manila. 4 ADB. 2010. Sustainable Transport Initiative: Operational Plan. Manila. 5 ADB. 2003. Sector Lending. Operations Manual. OM D3/BP. Manila.

6. An environmental assessment and review framework (EARF) has been prepared to serve as a guide in preparing the IEE of each road under the sector project to ensure compliance of subprojects with the environmental assessment requirements under ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 (SPS) and the Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System (PEISS).

7. This initial environmental examination (IEE) was prepared in accordance with SPS 2009 for the PR-12 Curuan-Sibuco Road which is currently a 4-5m wide National Secondary Road with gravel and PCCP sections. The project involves widening of the existing gravel road into a 6.7m pavement wide concrete pavement with 1.5m shoulders, following the existing alignment within a 20-meter ROW. This 33.16 km project road will serve as a major route that would link the two (2) provinces of Zamboanga Peninsula, including Zamboanga City and Zamboanga Del Norte.

8. The IEE was undertaken to:

(i) Provide project information and relevant environmental baseline data for the project; (ii) Assess potential environmental impacts of the project; (iii) Identify mitigation measures to minimize negative impacts; (iv) Provide information on the consultations undertaken and the project level grievance redress mechanism (GRM); and (v) Develop a robust environmental management plan (EMP) which specifies mitigation and monitoring measures, institutional responsibilities and reporting requirements.

9. Project Description. PR 12 starts from Barangay Curuan, Zamboanga City at K1891+075.44 and ends in the Municipality of Sibuco, Zamboanga Del Norte at K1924+234.33. The road traverses Barangay Curuan in the City of Zamboanga and Barangays Lunday, Calaguan and Puliran in the Municipality of Sibuco, Zamboanga Del Norte. This road is classified as a National Secondary Road. Of the 33.16 km gross length, 14.12 km is within Zamboanga City and 19.04 km is within the Municipality of Sibuco. The road passes a rolling to mountainous terrain with several waterways to cross. There is an existing PCCP at the beginning of the road section with a 4.00 – 5.00 meters carriageway width and thickness of 0.150m.

10. The improvement of the 33.16 km road will involve the replacement of the gravel road with Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP). Specifically, the major items of work include (i) construction of 33.16 kilometers by 6.70 meters wide PCC pavement with 1.5 meters paved shoulders on both sides (ii) construction of two (2) bridges and one (1) special box culvert with a total length of 71.80m across the waterways of the road alignment; (iii) construction/improvement of drainage and slope protection structures; and (iv) construction of miscellaneous structures. The road improvement will follow the existing alignment and widening requires a 20m right-of-way traversing Zamboanga City, and the Municipality of Sibuco in Zamboanga del Norte Province.

11. Existing Environmental Conditions. Areas along PR 12 are predominantly agricultural with land cover comprising perennial crops, shrubs, annual crops, open forest, open barren, built-up and grassland. The road cuts across the highlands through the relatively wide ridge crests, spurs and narrow plateaus. Based on the reconnaissance survey and confirmed during the detailed design, certain road section of PR 12 is found to have steep slopes that are prone to landslide. Since the project road alignment has rural and agricultural setting, there is no major local source of anthropogenic emissions. The lack of industrial development suggests that air pollution and noise sources which would normally elevate background levels are not present in the area. Due to its current unpaved condition however, dust is continually

generated and resuspended during the dry season leading to occasional visible level of suspended particulates. During the rainy season, water quality is affected by siltation and mud carried into the ditches and other waterways causing high turbidity levels.

12. Anticipated Impacts and Environmental Management Plan. As the project will involve improvement and widening of an existing road, significant adverse environmental impacts are not anticipated. The roadside tree cutting requirements will largely affect fruit-bearing trees and other common species planted on both publicly- and privately-owned lands and forest trees of various species. Since none of the affected areas are within ecologically protected areas or are in critical habitats/high biodiversity areas which support survival of critically endangered species, ecological impacts are not considered significant. The trees to be cut are found on roadside publicly- and privately-owned lands that have been largely modified for agricultural and slash and burn activities. Vegetation loss will be compensated through 546,350 tree seedlings to be contributed by the project to the country’s National Greening Program administered by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR).

13. Other potential environmental impacts related to construction activities are: (i) soil erosion and sedimentation at and near construction sites, (ii) construction noise, (iii) local air pollution due to construction activities, (iv) oil and other hazardous materials releases, (v) vehicular traffic congestion and public access disruption, (vi) hazards to the public due to construction activities, (vii) pollution and health risks arising from workers camps, (viii) occupational health and safety at work sites. Mitigation measures have been developed for the negative environmental impacts related to construction activities for inclusion in the works specifications to ensure their implementation. To mitigate negative impacts arising from the Project, an environmental management plan detailing mitigation measures, monitoring activities and responsibilities for implementation has been prepared as part of the IEE. DPWH will include the EMP in the bid and tender documents for civil works to ensure that the Project will be carried out consistent with the EMP requirements. Contractors are required to prepare a contractor’s environmental management plan (CEMP) aligned with the project EMP to be approved by DPWH and construction supervision consultant (CSC) and cleared by ADB prior to start of construction. During construction, DPWH will be assisted by CSC to undertake monitoring of the environmental performance and compliance of contractors.

14. Information Disclosure and Consultation. Public consultations involving affected people and local officials have been conducted during the project preparation technical assistance phase of this project, during the public scoping as required under the Philippine Environmental Impact Statement (PEISS), and ADB’s information disclosure and consultation requirements. Associated consultations during the preparation of the resettlement and indigenous peoples’ plan were also conducted. The highlights of the potential subproject environmental and social impacts and how these will be addressed were communicated to the stakeholders through several public consultations and/or distribution of project information materials.

15. Grievance Redress Mechanism. A project-specific grievance redress mechanism (GRM) will be established at the DPWH District Engineering Office (DEO) to receive, evaluate and facilitate resolution of the complaints or grievances of affected persons on the subproject’s performance during implementation. This mechanism will be disclosed to the host communities prior to commencement of site works. A framework is presented in the IEE with additional details to be provided and documented in the CEMP prior to the commencement of the construction activities, if necessary.

16. Conclusion. Based on the screening and assessment for potential environmental impacts, the project is not anticipated to have significant negative environmental impacts. Provided that the EMP is enforced, the project can be implemented in an environmentally acceptable manner. The subproject’s environmental classification as Category B is

appropriate. Should there be changes in the project scope resulting to significant impacts that were not included in this assessment, an updated or a new IEE will be prepared.

II. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

A. Environmental Laws, Regulations and Guidelines in the Philippines 17. Major laws regarding the environment in the Philippines are shown in Table 1. These environmental-related laws were formulated under the Presidential Decree (PD) No.1151 as an environmental policy and PD No. 1152 as an environmental regulation in relation.

Table 1. Major Environmental Laws in the Philippines

Title Contents Presidential Decree (PD)No.1151 Environmental policy

Presidential Decree (PD)No. 1152 Environmental regulation Source: Compiled for the PPTA (TA-8574 PHI: Improving National Roads for Inclusive Growth in Mindanao Project (41076 - 045)

18. Major environmental laws are set out for natural resources, protection of wildlife and biodiversity, forest resources, mining, coastal and marine, ambient air, water quality, waste and disposal, land use and resettlement, conservation of historical and cultural assets, environmental assessment, and national integrated protected area system. The laws and decrees applicable to the Project are summarized in Table 2.

Table 2. Environmental Laws and Decrees in the Philippines

Category Title/Outline Natural Resources Presidential Decree (PD) 1198 Requiring all individuals, partnerships or corporations engaged in the exploration, development and exploitation of natural resources or in the construction of infrastructure projects to restore or rehabilitate areas subject thereof or affected thereby to their original condition Ambient Air Republic Act (RA) 3931 An Act creating the National Water and Air Pollution Commission (also includes definitions ad penalties related to pollution) PD 1181 Providing for the prevention, control and abatement of air pollution from motor vehicles and for other purposes PD 1160 Vesting authority in Barangay captains to enforce pollution and environmental control laws and for other purposes RA 8749 Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 Coastal/Marine Presidential Decree (PD) Prevention of Marine Pollution No.600 (1974) Presidential Decree (PD) No. Establishment of Oil Pollution 602 (1974) Management Center Presidential Decree (PD) No. Prevention of Ocean Pollution 979 Water Quality RA 9275 Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 DENR Administrative Order Classification of water and use (DAO) 2016-08 Waste Disposal PD 825 (1975) Providing penalty for improper disposal of garbage and other forms of uncleanliness and for other purposes

Category Title/Outline PD 1152 (1977) Philippine Environmental Code (Objective: To achieve and maintain such levels of air quality as to protect public health and to prevent to the greatest extent practicable, injury and/or damage to plant and animal life and property, and promote the social and economic development of the country) Republic Act No. A 6969 (1990) An Act to Control Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes, Providing Penalties for Violations thereof, and for their Purposes DAO 36 Series of 2004 (DAO Procedural manual of DAO 92-29, a 04-36) comprehensive documentation on the legal and technical requirements of hazardous waste management Republic Act No. 9003 Ecological and Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 DAO 01-34 Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of RA 9003 Forestry/Flora PD 705 Revised Forestry Code of the Philippines DENR Memorandum Order no. Uniform Replacement Ratio for Cut or 05 of 2012 Relocated Trees Joint Memorandum Circular No. Guidelines for the Implementation of the 1 series of 2014 dated July 3, DPWH- DENR-DSWD Partnership on the 2014. Tree Replacement Project Biodiversity Republic Act No. 9147 Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act (An Act Providing for the Conservation and Protection of Wildlife Resources and their Habitats, Appropriating Funds therefor and for Other Purposes) Environmental Presidential Decree No. Philippine Environment Policy. Assessment 1151 PD 1586 (1978) Establishing an environmental impact statement system including other environmental management related measures and for other purposes Presidential Proclamation 2146 Proclaiming certain areas and types of projects as environmentally critical and within the scope of the environmental impact statement system established under PD 1586 Cultural Heritage Republic Act No. 10066 National Cultural Heritage Act of 2009 (An Act Providing for the Protection and Conservation of the National Cultural Heritage, Strengthening the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) and its Affiliated Cultural Agencies, and for Other Purposes) Climate Change Republic Act 9729 Climate Change Act of 2009 (An Act Mainstreaming Climate Change into Government Policy Formulations, Establishing the Framework Strategy and Program on Climate Change, Creating for this Purpose the Climate Change Commission, and for Other Purposes)

Category Title/Outline Disaster Risk Republic Act 10121 Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Reduction and Management Act of 2010 (An Act Management Strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System, providing for the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework and Institutionalizing the National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Plan) Source: PPTA (TA-8574 PHI: Improving National Roads for Inclusive Growth in Mindanao Project (41076-045), and supplemented with compilation by DED Team.

19. The Government of the Philippines (GoP) has ratified international treaties, agreements, and protocols in relation to environmental social considerations which are listed in Table 3. Table 3. Philippine Environmental Agreements to the International Treaty

Title Year Washington Treaty Convention on the international trade in endangered species of wild (1981) flora and fauna Convention on biological diversity (1993) Framework convention on climate change (1994) Source: PPTA (TA-8574 PHI: Improving National Roads for Inclusive Growth in Mindanao Project (41076-045)

B. EIA System in the Philippines 20. In the Philippines, all private or public projects or activities which are envisaged to potentially have a negative impact on the environment are subject to an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) by the Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System (PEISS). EIA is the preliminary analysis of the potential impacts of the project on the environment. Aware of the possible negative effects of the implementation of industrial and other activities, the GoP has instituted measures to encourage the use of EIA as a planning and decision-making tool.

21. PEISS is a set of laws, regulations, administrative orders and guidelines concerned with the EIA. Table 4 shows some of the important laws and guidelines.

Table 4. Laws and Regulations regarding EIA in the Philippines

Title Outline Philippine Environmental An act establishing and centralizing the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) Impact Statement System System under the National Environmental Protection Council (NEPC), which (EISS), Presidential Decree merged with the National Pollution Control Commission (NPCC) in June 1987 to No. 1586 (1978) become the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB). Presidential Proclamation It proclaims Environmentally Critical Projects (ECPs) to have significant impact on No. 2146 (1981) and No. the quality of environment and Environmentally Critical Areas (ECAs) as 803 (1996) environmentally fragile areas within the scope of the EIS System. DAO 96-37 (revised to Devolve d responsibility for EIS to the EMB-Regional Office and further become DAO 92-21) strength ened the Philippin e EIS System (PEISS). Placed empha sis on promo ti n g maximum public participation in EIA process to validate the social acceptability of the Project. DENR Administrative Order Revised Procedural Manual (2007): Provides for implementation of rules and No. 30 Series of 2003 (DAO regulations of Presidential Decree No. 1586, establishing PEISS. Also, provided 03-30) detailed definitions of technical terms and detailed information regarding procedures, related laws and regulations. EMB Memorandum Circular Guidelines for Coverage Screening and Standardized Requirements under the 2014-005 Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System (PEISS) amending relevant portions of MC 2007-002 DAO 2017-15 Guidelines on Public Participation under the PEISS Source: PPTA (TA-8574 PHI: Improving National Roads for Inclusive Growth in Mindanao Project (41076-045)

22. The procedures of EIA process are shown in Figure 1. The process stages are categorized as: i) pre-study stage (screening and scoping); ii) EIA study stage; and iii) post- study stage (review, decision-making and monitoring).

23. According to PD 1586 (1978), the EIA process covers projects which are considered environmentally critical projects (ECPs) or projects in environmentally critical areas (ECAs) presumed to have significant impacts on the environment.

24. A new road project with more than 20 km-long new road construction in total is classified as Category A which requires preparation of an environmental impact statement (EIS) in order to obtain an environmental compliance certificates (ECC) from the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). The criteria of ECPs related to the project are shown in Table 5.

25. A separate environmental assessment document following the scoping process prescribed in DAO 03-30 and its Revised Procedural Manual is being prepared for submission to EMB Region 9 as an application to obtain an Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) for the Project6. The scoping process was initiated in early August 2016 and the public scoping and technical scoping conducted on 16 September 2016. Several public consultations were likewise conducted during the preparation of the resettlement and indigenous peoples plan (RIPP). The results of these consultation activities are documented separately in the RIPP).

6 The processing of the ECC for this project involving widening, rehabilitation and/or improvement falls within the jurisdiction of the EMB 9 as per MC 2014-005 dated July 2014.

Source: Revised Procedural Manual for DENR Administrative Order No. 30 Series of 2003 (DAO 03-30) (2007)

Figure 1. Flow of EIA Process

Table 5. EIS and IEE Requirements for Road and Bridge Projects Not covere d Covered (Requ ire d to secure ECC) Project (may secure CNC) Description Category A: ECP Category B: Non-ECP Category D EIS EIS IEE Checklist PD (Part I only) 3.4.1 Roads, new NATION AL ROAD: PROVIN C IAL ALL TYPES OF construction >= 20 km ROAD and OTHER ROADS: > 2 km but (length with no TYPES OF ROADS: < 20 km, (length with critical slope) OR >= >= 20 km no critical slope) OR <=2 km 10 km (length with (length with no > 2 km but < 10 km critical slope) critical slope) OR >= (length with critical 10 km (length with slope) critical slope) 3.4.2 Roads, > 50 % increase in widening, > 50 % increase in capacity (or in terms rehabilitation capacity (or in terms of length/width) > 50 % increase in and/or of length/width) AND > 2 km but < capacity (or in terms improvement AND >= 20.0 km, 20.0 km, (length None of length/width) but (length with no with no critical <= 2 km increase in critical slope) OR >= slope) OR > 2 km length 10.0 km (length with but < 10.0 km critical slope) (length with critical slope) <= 50 m 3.4.3 Bridges and Regardless viaducts (including >= 5 km but < 10.0 >= 10.0 km > 50 m but < 5.0 km of length for elevated roads), km footbridg es or for new construction pedestrian only 3.4.4 Bridges and > 50 % increase in > 50 % increase in viaducts (including > 50 % increase in capacity (or in terms capacity (or in terms elevated roads), capacity (or in terms None of length/width) but of length/width) but rehabilitation and/or of length/width ) OR < total length of 10.0 < 2 km increase in improvement >= 10.0 km km length 3.4.5 Roads- Regardless of flyover/ cloverleaf/ None None None length and width interchanges 3.4.6 Pedestrian All underpass All overpass None None passages projects projects 3.4.7 Tunnels and sub-grade roads >= 1.0 km < 1.0 km None None and railways Source: PPTA, based on the “Revised Guidelines for Coverage Screening and Standardized Requirements, EMB Memorandum Circular No. 2014-005 (MC 2014-005) dated July 2014.

C. ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 26. The ADB’s process of determining a road project’s environment category is through accomplishment of a rapid environmental assessment (REA) checklist taking into account the type, size, and location of the proposed project. Based on SPS 2009, a project could be classified under one of the four environmental categories (A, B, C or FI) as shown in Table 6. PR 12 is considered Category B.

Table 6. Category Classifications on the Environment based on SPS 2009 Category Application Projects with potential for significant adverse environmental impacts that is irreversible, diverse or A unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area larger than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is required Projects judged to have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree and/or B significance than those for category A projects. Impacts are site-specific, few if any of them are

Category Application irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for Category A projects. An initial environmental examination (IEE) is required. Projects likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. No environmental C assessment is required although environmental implications are still reviewed. Projects are classified as category FI if they involve investment of funds to or through a financial intermediary. Where the FI’s investment have minimal or no adverse environmental risks. The FI project will be treated as category C. All other FI’s must establish and maintain an environmental F1 and social management standard must comply with the environmental safeguard requirements specified in SPS 2009 if the FI’s subprojects have the potential for significant adverse environm e n tal impacts. Source: ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (June 2009)

27. Project noise levels should satisfy the internationally accepted guideline values of the WB/IFC Environment Health and Safety (EHS) adopted by ADB SPS. The EHS guideline values for noise in areas with residential, institutional or educational facilities stipulates that one-hour noise levels, LAeq1-hr, should not exceed 45 dBA at nighttime (22:00 – 07:00) and 55 dBA at daytime (07:00 – 22:00). The EHS noise guidelines also stipulate that when ambient or background noise levels already exceed the guideline values, noise impacts from new activities, e.g. construction, should not result in a maximum increase in background levels of 3 dB at the nearest receptor location.

28. The project will comply with the Philippine government and ADB requirements.

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

A. Overview

29. The Government of the Republic of the Philippines requested the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to provide Technical Assistance (TA) to prepare the Improving Growth Corridors in Mindanao Road Sector Project (IGCMRSP). This project supports the Government of the Philippines’ priorities for improvement of the country’s road network and development of Mindanao, including the government’s agenda for Mindanao in the Philippines Development Plan (PDP) 2011-2016. This project extends ADB’s long standing assistance in Mindanao with a recent focus on the road sector including institutional development and now improving national roads for inclusive growth.

30. Mindanao is the second largest island in the Philippines, with a population of nearly 25 million people. Despite being rich in natural resources, Mindanao has the highest poverty incidence of the Philippines’ three island groups (Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao), with a rate of 36.2%,7 due in large part to civil conflict and low economic growth. Although significant development has occurred in recent years, a number of infrastructure targets in the government’s Mindanao 2000 plan have not been achieved, due to the lack of coherent plans, inadequate government financial resources, and underinvestment, especially by the private sector.8

31. The road network in Mindanao is less developed than the national network. While 82% and 89% of the national roads in Luzon and the Visayas are paved, only 70% of the national roads in Mindanao are paved.9 This is compounded by a wider set of issues such as constrained growth of regional economic corridors through Mindanao and reduced support to regional cooperation and integration, as well as the lack of the necessary physical, institutional and governance capacity to support the full delivery of a quality national road network.

32. The impact of the project will be improved mobility, connecting accessibility and safety, and reduced poverty in the project area. The outcome will be reduced transport cost and improved accessibility. Transport on and investment in the national road network will become more efficient. The increased efficiency will be measured by reductions in travel time, vehicle operating costs, and road accident rates; improvements in the road surface condition; and improvements in governance in the transport sector and in DPWH's assessment, communications and administration capabilities. The Project's impact will be an accessible, affordable and safe road network in the project area.

33. This IEE was prepared in accordance with SPS 2009 covering the 33.16-km PR-12 (Curuan-Sibuco Road) traversing Zamboanga City and the Municipality of Sibuco, Zamboanga del Norte Province.

B. Location 34. PR 12 spans Zamboanga City and Municipality of Sibuco, Zamboanga del Norte in Region IX or the Zamboanga Peninsula Region in the western part of Mindanao as shown in Figure 2. It has a gross length of 33.16 kms, 21.0 km of which is an existing PCCP road with a 4.00-5.00m wide carriageway and thickness of 0.150m, and the remainder gravel. Widening

7 Philippine Statistics Authority, Poverty and Human Development Statistics Division. 2016. 2015 Full Year Official Poverty Statistics of the Philippines. Manila. 8 MinDA. 2011. Mindanao 2020 Peace and Development Framework Plan 2011-2030. 9 By December 2014, 76% of national roads in Mindanao were paved (DPWH).

will be within a 20m Right of Way using a combination of cut and fill activities during civil works construction.

Figure 2. Vicinity Map of PR 12

35. A bigger representation of the PR 12 alignment is shown in Figure 3.

C. Proposed Improvement Works 36. PR-12 Curuan-Sibuco Road is a 4-5m wide road made up of gravel and PCCP starting from Barangay Curuan, Zamboanga City at K1891+075.44 and ends in the Municipality of Sibuco, Zamboanga Del Norte at K1924+234.33. This road is classified as a National Secondary Road with a gross length of 33.16 km in which 14.12 km is within Zamboanga City and 19.04 km is within the Municipality of Sibuco, Zamboanga Del Norte. The road traverses a rolling to mountainous terrain with several waterways to cross. There is an existing PCCP from the beginning of the road section with a 4.00-5.00 m wide carriageway with thickness of 0.150m stretching to an approximate length of 21.0 km

Source: Site Validation Final Report, Detailed Engineering Design Consultants, Detailed Engineering Design and Tendering of Asset Preservation (AP) and Road Improvement (RI) Projects of the Road Improvement and Institutional Development Project (RIIDP) and Future Financing, 2018

Figure 3. PR 12 Subproject Location

37. The remaining section of the road is an existing gravel road with 5.0 meters width. Vertical grades reaching approximately 10 – 12% are present along the alignment especially when it passes through the gully walls at the headwaters of the river system that drains the area. The gully walls at the slope boundaries of the plateaus are very steep along the alignment. The road has about nine (9) landslide, thirteen (13) road slip and pocket slides and two (2) road settlement areas in different locations. The new PCCP shall be widened within the 20.0-meter Right of Way with 6.70 meters concrete pavement width and 1.50 meters shoulders. A combination of cut and fill will be involved during civil works construction.

38. Construction of new bridges are also proposed, namely: the Curuan Bridge (PCDG), and the Sibuco Bridge (PCDG) together with one special reinforced concrete box culvert with a total length of 71.80m. Majority of the existing culverts are subject for repair while others shall be replaced and constructed due to the saddled road conditions and absence of cross drainage. The road moves over a flat to rolling and mountainous terrain. The flat section passes through rice fields or swampy areas considered as soft grounds. Widening the road with soft ground areas shall be examined for the amount of its settlement calculated by the boring results of the survey.

39. The road improvements to be undertaken will follow the existing alignment and the scope are summarized below.

Table 7. Subproject Scope and Coverage Total Municipality Road Project Province Length Project Scope (Barangay) (km) Curuan, Zamboanga City a) Road improvement, upgrading and concreting (gravel to concrete). Construction of 33.12 kms. By 6.70m wide PCC pavement with 1.5m paved shoulders on both sides.

Zamboanga b) Construction of two (2) bridges PR 12: City, and Municipality of Sibuco, 33.16 and an RCBC with a total length of Curuan-Sibuco Zamboanga Zamboanga del Norte: 71.80 linear meters. del Norte

c) Construction/improvement of existing drainage and slope protection structures.

d) Construction of Miscellaneous Structures.

40. All the rivers crossed by the proposed bridges and cross-drainage structures are not used for navigation in which case, only the requirements for river flood discharge capacity and flood level freeboard will need to be satisfied.

D. Basic Design of Project Road

a. Selection of Design Elements 41. One of the best practices set of design standards practiced worldwide is the “Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, 2001, AASHTO”. This set of standards is also recommended to adopt as design standards for Philippine national highways by “Highway Safety Design Standards Manual – Part 1: Road Safety Design Manual, 2012, DPWH”.

42. Design speed is used to determine individual design elements, such as stopping sight distance and horizontal curvature. The combination of a design traffic volume and a

topography condition, namely flat topography, rolling topography, and mountainous topography, leads to determination of design speeds of roads. A design speed determines corresponding horizontal minimum radius, vertical maximum gradient, super elevation, and sight distances. Topographic conditions will be decided for each section of the project roads.

43. Other elements are less related to design speed, such as pavement and shoulder width and clearances to walls and traffic barriers. Typically, an arterial road warrants a higher design speed than a local road. A road located in flat terrain warrants a higher design speed than one in mountainous terrain.

44. The design elements for PR 12 are summarized below:

1. Design average daily traffic: 1000-2000 2. Topographic condition: Rolling 3. Design speed: 60 km/hr 4. Classification of road for design: national tertiary Minimum radius: 130 m Maximum grade 6% 5. Lanes: 2 x 3.35 m/6.7 m 6. Shoulders: 1.5 m (each side) 7. Right-of-way: 20 m

b. Climate Change Adaptation

45. It is most effective to design and construct a climate resilient road than retrofitting at a later stage when problems appear. A Climate Change Assessment10 for the IGCMRSP Project was conducted so that climate change considerations may be incorporated in the roads and bridges design in addition to data on historic climate patterns. The DPWH requires incorporation of the following criteria to upgrade design standards as adaptation to climate change. The following adaptation measures have been included in the project design, as appropriate, to make the project road more resilient to climate change impacts:

• Road pavement: improvement of road surface and subsurface drainage systems and raise pavement levels • Road drainage: increase size of side drains, consider alternative drain section, increase water retention capacity of drains, use of water capture and storage retention ponds • Culverts and cross drainage pipes: increase capacity of hydraulic structures, increase the number of cross drains, use apron rather than catch pit at pipe entrance to avoid clogging by debris, downstream protection of outlets to reduce scouring • Bridges: review design storm return periods, raise bridge if freeboard in inadequate, reinforce bridge piers and abutments at risk from scouring, provide retention dams upstream to reduce flood flows

46. A 10% increase11 in the design of road structures had been adopted to meet the requirements specified in the Design Guidelines, Criteria and Standards. Other adaptation measures that are recommended for the project are:

10 Climate Change Assessment, Improving Growth Corridors in Mindanao Road Sector Project. Asian Development Bank, November 2017. 11 Information provided by Detailed Engineering Design Consultants, Detailed Engineering Design and Tendering of Asset Preservation (AP) and Road Improvement (RI) Projects of the Road Improvement and Institutional Development Project (RIIDP) and Future Financing, 2018.

• Single–Span Bridge to Replace Multi-section Box Culvert. It is often observed that the debris of broken tree branches and bamboo are clogging river sections and causing flooding in the vicinity. Appropriate cleaning work can remove this kind of problem. Designing a bridge with longer spanning and high vertical clearance makes this road a climate resilient road.

• Coco netting interplanted with vetiver grass to reduce erosion from steep slopes.

• Plant trees or introduce sloping agricultural land technology above road alignment to reduce storm water runoff.

• Install brush layers and live stacking placed across the potential landslide zone with a catch drain dug above.

47. DPWH is supporting the DENRs National Greening Program (NGP) through close coordination with the CENRO that will identify locations designated under this program nationwide. There are about 6,500 trees that will be affected by the 20-meter road right of way along the 31.16 km road. Tree replacement will be integrated with the DENR’s National Greening Program (NGP) through close coordination with the CENRO that will identify locations designated under this program. The project used to be an old logging road, whereby the remnants of trees cut has depleted the mountainous areas. Trees will prevent soil erosion/scouring of soil in the mountainous part of Zamboanga Sibugay. Furthermore, plants enhance aesthetic appearance of the biodiversity within the area and have a very valuable function of purifying the air contaminated by exhaust fumes and absorbing CO2 to reduce the threat of greenhouse effect.

E. Road Safety 48. During the PPTA, a review was carried out on the project road safety measures for incorporation into the design. These measures were based on a road safety audit in Western Mindanao aimed to identify potential road safety hazards and to incorporate measures in the detailed design to improve safety aspects of the project. The road safety audit followed the key criteria of the ADB Road Safety Audit for Road Projects (2003).

49. The PPTA Road Safety team discussed these findings to determine the potential safety risks and found that most of defects are observed across Western Mindanao. A series of suggested measures were identified for consideration to help avoid or mitigate safety issues. Problems related to geometric design will be solved by following DPWH design standards. Measures considered in the detailed design are shown in Table 8.

Table 8. Summary Road Safety Measures No. Problem Design Measure 1 Road signs and Setting up warning and guide signs, arrow marks and providing pavement markings delineation lines clearly along every road. 2 No light signal Providing traffic signals at key intersections 3 Poor pavement Improvement of the quality of pavement and provide delineation or without delineation pavement markings. 4 Stalls and residential Removal of stalls to help reduce obstructions and encroachment houses beside the road 5 Small vertical crest Improving vertical curves to suit safe design criteria/requirement with poor sight distance

No. Problem Design Measure 6 Sharp curve and Installation of chevron signs where required and speed limit signs. insufficient chevron Improvement of the vertical alignment to provide sight distance signs requirement 7 Dangerous side Setting up guardrails between the road and ditches ditches close to road 8 Parking along the Prohibiting of the use of carriageway as parking to ensure safe, carriageway efficient and smooth vehicular flow 9 No warning sign in Installation of advance warning signs on construction sites so the construction sites drivers can get advance information beforehand 10 Slope-slide prone Planting of grass and installing the necessary slope protection zone facilities. Conduct of geotechnical investigation to determine the most appropriate slope protection structures 11 No guard rails at high Installation of guard rails on all locations with embankment height embankments and exceeding 2.0m steep side slope 12 Block-type guard- Changing to guard rails, which function to guide a deviating walls stones vehicle back to the lane. 13 Y-type intersection Changing a crossing angle of 2 roads at merging section to more than 70 degrees. Improve intersection layout; provide proper “channelization” 14 Shortage of sight Moving hazards: trees, fences, poles etc. Improve the horizontal distance and vertical alignment. 15 No pedestrian Installation of pedestrian crossing. Sidewalks and bicycle lanes crossing and pedestrian crossings. The roads beside or in the vicinity of schools or markets will be located/designed away from schools and markets as much as possible. Source: PPTA. NB: In the PPTA workshop held on 29 April 2015, participants of a road safety discussion group suggested to add a few more recommendations in addition to the above: first, road safety education for students and local residents, and second, widening of shoulder of 1.5m (minimum) for emergency, provision of turn-outs/lay-bys.

F. Road Construction Methodology

49. The contractor has the freedom to use its construction methodology with the equipment and manpower he has which is part of his bidding documents submitted. The complete documentation of the construction methodology is in Appendix 6. The summary is provided below.

a. Preparatory Works. The contractor will select the location of the campsite, quarry sites, and disposal sites and shall be approved by the Engineer on site. Permit to cut trees shall also be secured. As-staked survey will be conducted by the contractor.

b. Earthworks activities. Trees within the construction limits shall be cut prior to clearing and grubbing activities. For road carriageway, bulldozer shall be used while the backhoe shall be used along the side ditches and/or edges of the construction limit.

c. Removal of existing structures and any obstructions such as Pavement, Sidewalks, Curbs shall be broken into pieces, the size of which shall not exceed 300 mm in any dimension.

d. Excavation Works. During the conduct of As-staked Survey, actual elevations are identified. If unsuitable materials are encountered, excavate the roadway up to the stable soil. All suitable materials removed from the excavation shall be used as materials for embankment, subgrade, bedding, or backfill. Unsuitable materials will be transported to the approved disposal sites.

e. Installation of cross drains and trenches. On the identified location of cross drains, excavation shall be done to a width provided in the design plans. In the installation of the pipes and storm drains, the beddings of the pipes shall be compacted to allow proper joining of the conduit and shall be provided with grouts for the collars. f. Grouted Riprap. On areas identified with soil erosion, grouted riprap is necessary to prevent the soils to collapse during rains. The bed for grouted riprap shall be excavated; stones are laid by hand and shall be firmly bedded into the slope and against adjoining stones; grout shall be placed from bottom to top of the surface swept with swift broom. g. Stone Masonry. The exposed side shall be stabilized in the construction of stone masonry. Excavate the trench to the required depth; pour concrete mortar on the trench before laying the first layer of stones/boulders for the foundation. All face stones shall be thoroughly cleaned of mortar stains and shall be kept clean until the work is completed. h. Bioengineering. To restore the stability of the exposed earth materials, one of the recommended mitigating measures is bioengineering by the installation of coco net fiber with coco logs. The coco fiber has seeds, once weathered the seeds will sprout and will grow into weeds or trees. Other exposed earth areas will be planted with vetiver grass.

i. Embankment. During the As-staking, the actual elevations are determined as shown on the Plans. Compaction trials (10m x 50m) shall be carried out by the contractor. Spread the material in horizontal layers not exceeding 200 mm (loose measurement) with appropriate crown/cross slope to ensure proper draining of surface water when it rains. Compaction shall be done by rolling using a vibratory road roller with a minimum weight of 10 tons. j. Subgrade Preparation shall be done after the cross drains, ditches, drains and drainage outlets, including the fully compacted backfill, shall be completed prior to the preparation of the subgrade. The succeeding structural layers shall proceed immediately after the preparation of the subgrade. Rolling/ compaction operation shall progress gradually from the sides to the center, parallel to the center of the road and shall continue until the whole surface has been rolled up. k. Aggregate Subbase Course. Provide blue-top at every 20 meters interval (marked staked) for vertical control reference and to be placed along the side of the roadway or permanent structures within the road traverse. Laying and spreading shall be done using a road grader on a prepared subgrade. l. Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP): Concrete shall be thoroughly consolidated along faces of all forms by means of vibrators inserted in the concrete in a vertical position. No spillage of fresh concrete cement should be visible on the water bodies nearby the construction site. m. Guardrails. Posts shall be set vertically and where embedded in a concrete foundation block. Backfilling of the space around the post shall be done and each layer shall be moistened and thoroughly compacted.

n. Drainage Structures. As provided in the design plan, locations of the drainage are provided on areas prone to flooding specially on areas that are densely populated with residential houses.

G. Bridge and Reinforced Concrete Box Culvert Construction

50. The bridge construction is PCDG, Prestressed Concrete Deck Girder. Pier, Deck Girder and other accessories of the bridge are pre-casted in the contractor’s depot. The confirmatory bore holes, 5m below the tip of the piles on the identified locations of the piers shall be done prior to the erection of the piles. Locations of the two (2) bridges are the following:

i.Curuan Bridge: Lat. 7.201592°, Long. 122.214811° ii.Sibuco Bridge: Lat. 7.298736°, Long. 122.083371°

51. Existing bridge and other construction shall be removed. Substructure of existing bridge shall be demolished and cut to 500 mm below the finish grade or the natural ground surface if the finish grade is not given.

52. The construction of the substructure will now commence, to wit:

a. Pile driving. The pre-casted piles will be erected using pile hammer until the required penetration is attained.

b. Capping of the erected piles. After the piles are erected, the contractor will now proceed in the capping of the piles based of the specifications/design plans.

c. Girders. The girders of the bridge will be precasted at the depot of the contractor. After step b has been completed, the contractor will now proceed on the launching of the girders of the bridge.

d. Abutment 1 and 2. The abutment of the bridge is located before the approaches 1 and 2, where all the piers are anchored here including the wingwall of the bridge. This is constructed on site, starting with the formworks, rebars until it is poured by fresh cement. Girders. The girders of the bridge will be precasted at the depot of the contractor. After step b has been completed, the contractor will now proceed on the launching of the girders of the bridge.

e. Flooring of the Bridges. The contractor may use steel casting on the flooring of the bridge and proceed with the rebars of the flooring of the bridge. Girders. The girders of the bridge will be precasted at the depot of the contractor. After step b has been completed, the contractor will now proceed on the launching of the girders of the bridge.

f. Pouring of the concrete cement. The contractor will see to it that no spillage of the concrete cement onto the water ways.

g. Accessories of the bridge. The construction/installation of all other accessories of the bridge will be the contractor’s methodology. Spillage of concrete cement should be avoided to prevent contamination of the water.

h. Approaches of the bridge. The approaches of the bridge are included in the road construction

53. RCBC, Reinforced Concrete Box Culvert. The location of the RCBC is in Candiis, K1902+202.914 – K1902+217.489. The height of the RCBC is 6.5 meters. Construction is as follows:

a. Preparation of the site. Removal of the existing structures

b. Excavation. A backhoe will be used in the excavation of the soil materials. Unsuitable materials will be hauled to the designated disposal sites

c. Base of the RCBC. The beddings of the RCBC shall be compacted to get an even base support of the RCBC.

d. Rebars. Installation of the rebars of the RCBC. The Engineer will see to it that the spacing provided in the design plan are followed.

e. Formworks. Installation of formworks to attain the required width and thickness of the structural concrete.

f. Other accessories. The wingwalls of the RCBC is also provided based on the design plan of the RCBC.

g. Pouring of Cement. No spillage of fresh cement shall be allowed to scatter on the project site or into the water bodies surrounding the area.

IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

A. Land Environment

a. Topography and Slope12

Figure 4. Contour Map of Zamboanga Peninsula with PR12 alignment in black

50. PR 12 straddles Zamboanga City and Municipality of Sibuco, Zamboanga del Norte of the Zamboanga Peninsula. The overall topography of Zamboanga City could be described as rolling to very steep. There are some flat lands, mostly narrow strips along the east coast. In terms of slope, a large portion of Zamboanga City of about 38,000 hectares, have slopes ranging from 18%-30%. Another 26,000 hectares have been described as having slopes of less than 3% while about 37% of the area or a total of 52,000 hectares have slopes ranging from 30% to more than 50%. The urban center is mostly flat with a gentle slope to the interior, ranging from 0 to 3%. The highest registered elevation is 1,346 meters. The road alignment generally traverses varying slopes and elevations.

51. The main topography of the Municipality of Sibuco is relatively hilly, with spatial plain areas suitable for irrigated rice production. About 60% percent of the municipality consists of rugged hills and mountains. Most of its area is typified as moderate to steeply sloping gradients and only limited gentle topographic landscape on the coastal fronts as shown by the geomorphological features of flood/alluvial plains, coastal marshes, and beach fronts. The sloping terrain is characterized by parallel, dissected ridges and steep to very steep gullies and valley sides.

52. PR 12 can be found in mountainous areas having moderately steep slope. Based on the reconnaissance survey, certain road section of PR 12 is found to have steep slope that is

12 Comprehensive Land Use Plan of the Municipality of Sibuco, Zamboanga del Norte (2017-2028).

prone to landslide. Some mitigating measures to stabilize the steep slopes are cut and fill method, drainage control method and vegetation method which are further discussed in the recommendations section.

b. Land Use 53. Zamboanga City has a total approximate area of 142,089.99 hectares while the 33 other islands/islets within the territorial jurisdiction of the city has an estimated aggregate area of 6,248.50 hectares placing the total land area of the city at 148,338.49 hectares. A large part of the city remains agricultural followed by forestland.

54. Current land cover along the PR-12 alignment are perennial crops, annual crops, open forest, open barren, built-up, and grasslands. The general land use cover along the alignment with respect to the peninsula-wide land use is shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5 Land cover along PR12

c. Geology 55. The island of Mindanao is characterized by a complex geologic setting manifested by the presence of several arc terrains. As a part of an island arc system, the island consists mainly of two blocks: the island-arc-related eastern-central Mindanao block and the continental Zamboanga Peninsula, which contains several ophiolitic bodies and mélanges (Yumul et. al., 2004). In Zamboanga Peninsula the oldest rocks are likely to be the Upper Jurassic-Cretaceous serpentinized ultramafics, schists, gneiss and quartzites now exposed in southwest Zamboanga (Santos-Ynigo, 1953; Paderes and Miranda, 1965). Notably the southwest Zamboanga ultramafics correlate with the basement serpentinized peridotites found in east-central Zamboanga. The hydrothermally-altered strata of the Sindangan Volcanics are considered the oldest volcanics. Overlying the Sindangan Volcanics are shale and sandstone intercalated with thin basaltic flows and limestone lenses formed during Eocene.

56. Three main physiographic-structural units have been recognized in Mindanao Island (Corpuz, 1992). The first unit trends N-NNW and comprises the Pacific Cordillera, Mindanao Central Cordillera and Agusan-Davao Basin. The second unit trends NW and includes the Tiruray-Daguma Range and Cotabato Basin. The third unit encompasses the NE-trending Zamboanga Peninsula and Sulu Islands, where the oldest rocks are probably Upper Jurassic- Cretaceous serpentinized ultramafics, schists, gneiss and quartzites (Santos-Ynigo, 1953).

d. Soils 57. There are fourteen (14) soil types that had been identified and mapped within Zamboanga City. These are as follows: Adtuyon, Alimodian, Antipolo, Bauang, Bolinao, Bulaoen, Hydrosol, Isabela, Lubigan, Mountain Soils, Paete, Pasonanca, San Manuel and Umingan. These make up the seven (7) broad landforms that defines the city’s landscape, consisting of the: coastal landscape, broad alluvial plain, minor alluvial plain, plains, hills, mountains, and miscellaneous landforms. The soils in the Municipality of Sibuco, Zamboanga del Norte are Bolinao Clay, San Miguel Silt Loam, Sandy Loam, and Mountain Soil undifferentiated.13

B. Climate and Meteorology14

a. Climate 58. Seasons are not very pronounced but relatively dry from November to April and wet during the rest of the year. The northeast monsoon prevails during November to February while the southwest monsoon occurs during the months of June to October. The rain period starts in June and last up to November while the period from January to May is relatively dry. December and April may be considered transition months. According to the Corona’s Classification of Climate, Zamboanga Sibugay, and Zamboanga del Norte falls under Category Type III15. Zamboanga Peninsula is one of the locations in the Philippines that is least frequently visited by typhoons since the region is away from the typhoon belt area of the country.

b. Rainfall 59. The southwest monsoon is the main rainfall-causing weather system of the area. Tropical cyclones seldom, if not rarely, cross the project area. The rainy season in the area occurs from June to November while the rest of the year is relatively dry. The month of October is the wettest, with a monthly average rainfall of 178.9 mm. The month of February, on the other hand is the driest, with a mean monthly rainfall of 43.7 mm. The average annual rainfall recorded based on years of data is 1266.5 mm. Based on the climatological extremes of PAGASA, the highest rainfall amount, as of 2010, is 199 mm in October 2001 with a minimum rainfall amount of 88.9 mm occurring in May 1990. These rainfall amounts are not that notable compared to the rainfall data gauged by other stations in Mindanao.

13 Comprehensive Land Use Plans (CLUPs) of Zamboanga City, and the Municipality of Sibuco, Zamboanga del Norte. 14 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), TA-8574 PHI: Improving National Roads for Inclusive Growth in Mindanao Project (41076-045), February 2016. 15 Type III: No very pronounced maximum rain period, with a short dry season lasting only from one to three months, either during the period from December to February or from March to May. This climate type resembles type I since it has a short dry season.

Source: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), TA-8574 PHI: Improving National Roads for Inclusive Growth in Mindanao Project (41076-045), February 2016; and Detailed Engineering Design Consultant. Figure 6. Climate Map of Zamboanga Peninsula

c. Temperature 60. PAGASA data on climatological normal, taken from Zamboanga City Weather Station shows that the annual mean temperature for Zamboanga is 28.3oC. Average annual maximum temperature in the region is 32.4oC while the average minimum temperature is 24.1oC. Data was obtained over a 30-year period (1981-2010). Highest temperature recorded was 36.9oC occurring in April 22, 1987, while lowest temperature was 15.6 oC in Feb. 27, 1995.

d. Relative Humidity 61. Relative humidity is a measure of the amount of moisture in the atmosphere relative to the saturation condition of the air at the same temperature and pressure. The mean annual relative humidity in the area is as high as 83% occurring in the months of July and October. The least humid condition for the area is in summer month of March with an average amount of 78%.

e. Wind 62. The prevailing wind is west southwest with an annual average wind flow of 2 m/s occurring the whole year through.

C. Water Resources 63. Zamboanga City has a total of seven (7) identified and delineated watersheds namely: Pasonanca Watershed; Ayala River Watershed; Curuan River Watershed; Vitali River Watershed; Manicahan River Watershed; Culianan River Watershed and; Bolong River Watershed. As per the Socio-economic Profile, the Zamboanga City Water District (ZCWD) is one of few water districts that rely heavily on surface water (Pasonanca Watershed) to supply

the needs of the city. Several water sources of Sibuco utilized for domestic consumption are in the form of springs, groundwater, and surface water. Groundwater are tapped in minimal instances and possible source for potable water but it is suggested that it undergo complete water treatment, surface water are also utilized like the Sibuco River, Lintangan River, Malayal River, Limpapa River, Pangian River, Puliran River, Panganuran River, Anongan River and Mantivoh River. The drainage basins of Sibuco River, Puliran River and Tigbuaya Creek are barangays Poblacion and Jatian. A concrete dam was constructed along the stretch of Lunday River for the purpose of containing water and ultimately distributing it for irrigational use through irrigational canals. Only a handful of agricultural areas in Sibuco are irrigated for lowland rice production. It is stated in the CEMP that any water interruption due to damage done while doing the construction should be restored immediately.

64. In 2016, around 1,472 households of the Municipality of Sibuco, Zamboanga del Norte are served by the level 1 water system. This represents 23% of the total number of households. Out of the 6,059 households in 2016, 373 households used shallow well, 864 used deep well and 235 improved spring. Majority of the barangays of Sibuco have access to Level 2 water system. In 2016, 2,532 or 42% of the total households are being served by the level 2 water systems. The Office of Municipal Welfare and Development Office reported that significant numbers of households of the municipality are still relying on unreliable sources of potable water. Records shows that there are 302 households still dependent on unprotected spring, 56 households collected water from the rain and 48 household sourced-out water in a dug well. Residents of Poblacion and Jatian are served by Level III Water Supply System on a rationing system that is 6-8 am and 4-6pm but still not enough to suffice the need of 670 households.

D. Air Quality and Noise

65. There is no available secondary data for air quality and noise in the project area. Sampling were limited only to a few sampling points during the PPTA as shown in the figure below. During the detailed engineering design, primary data collection/field sampling was not also undertaken due to inability to secure reasonable logistical quote from third party service providers because of the perceived security risks in the project area. This baselining activity shall be pursued instead during the pre-construction stage as part of the CEMP preparation.

Source: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), TA-8574 PHI: Improving National Roads for Inclusive Growth in Mindanao Project (41076-045), February 2016 ______Figure 7. Air Quality and Noise Sampling Locations

66. Since the project road alignment has rural and agricultural setting, there is no major local source of anthropogenic emissions. Both sides of the project road are predominantly occupied by croplands mainly of coconuts, and the remaining areas are made up of sparsely distributed settlements and grassland/shrub/open lands. Further, the lack of industrial development suggests that air pollution and noise sources which would normally elevate background levels are not present in the area. As such, it is expected that the average ground level concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and particulate matter (PM10) will not exceed the values in the International Finance Corporation (IFC) guidelines (EHS Guidelines of April 2007) which are 20 µg/Ncm, 40 µg/Ncm, and 20 µg/Ncm, respectively. Baseline measurements to be collected by the Contractor for air and noise however is recommended prior to the start of the construction period. The results will be included in the Contractor’s Environmental Management Plan (CEMP).

67. The Environmental Management Bureau Region 9 maintains a 24-hour real time sample collection for Particulate Matter 10 and Particulate Matter 2.5 inside the WMSU San Ramon Campus, Barangay Talisayan, Zamboanga City. The area type is general ambient with vegetation and the station type is CAAMS-Particulate Matter System (PMS). The location is at geographical coordinates: North – 70 0’28.05” East 1210 55’42.94”. Results indicate that the criteria pollutants being monitored are within the National Ambient Air Quality Guideline Values (24-hours) for PM10 at 150 ug/Ncm; and for PM2.5 at 50 ug/Ncm. The quarterly averages for these criteria pollutants are summarized in the following table below:

Table 9. Quarterly Averages of Criteria Pollutants (CY2017) Quarterly Average (CY 2017) Criteria Pollutant 1st Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Particulate Matter 10 14.32 7.915 14.46 Particulate Matter 2.5 12.25 9.823 10.60 Source: Quarterly Assessment of Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station, Environmental Management Bureau Region 9.

68. To minimize dust generation and resuspension during the construction period, speed limit of up to at least 25 kph in populated areas along the alignment shall be informed to all motorists and contractor vehicle and equipment operators through signages prior to approaching each way of the sensitive receptors. In addition, regular watering at least every 4 hours shall be undertaken by the Contractor during dry construction days in these areas.

E. Biological Resources

69. The project road, PR12, is far from known Key Biodiversity Areas in the Zamboanga Peninsula as shown in figure below. The buffer zone of the nearest protected area, Pasonanca Natural Park, is around 7 kilometers (lineal distance) from PR12, through elevated terrain. Road widening will necessitate cutting of trees along the alignment and a tree cutting permit will be secured from DENR-CENRO. The inventory of trees to be cut will be validated by the CENRO and will reference the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species 2017 and The National List of Threatened Philippine Plants (NLTPP) to identify ecologically important tree species that will be affected.

70. Terrestrial Flora and Fauna. Assessment of baseline flora and fauna was limited to available secondary data since the PR 12 alignment is an existing one and the project area is not within an environmentally protected or a key biodiversity area. The Socio-economic Profile of Zamboanga city indicates that the whole of Zamboanga del Sur including the city of Zamboanga and its vicinities has a total of 172 floral species belonging to some 56 plant families. Major plant families found in abundance within the city include those of the family Dipterocarpaceae, Meliaceae, Moraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lauraceae, Sapotaceae, Guttiferae, Sapindaceae and Mythaceae. The same source also indicated that birds found in

the Zamboanga Peninsula could be grouped into endemic, resident, migrant, prohibited and regulated species. There are about 164 endemic species belonging to 15 orders and 43 families; there are also 71 resident bird species belonging to 12 orders and 35 families along with 65 migrant bird species of 10 orders and 21 families and 37 bird species that are strictly regulated. Finally, there is the Falco Peregrinus, which is classified as a prohibited species. Under mammals, there exist 30 mammal species which belonging to 15 families and four species of reptiles belonging to three families.

Figure 8 Protected Areas in Zamboanga Peninsula (green areas)

71. The Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of the Municipality of Sibuco states that data about the municipality’s terrestrial and freshwater flora and fauna is scarce. The CLUP says that the biodiversity is under threat due to persistent and excessive utilization and sale of different species coupled with conversion of forests to agricultural and built-areas monoculture farming with exotic species, farming on steep hillsides and mountains, coral reef destruction and over-fishing. In fact, several plant species noted to be abundant before are already extinct while others are becoming rare and endangered.

72. Records of the National Mapping and Resource Information Authority (NAMRIA) showed that Sibuco has a total forest area of 20,782 hectares. However large portion of these areas has been cleared and inhabited over the years. Local initiatives currently put higher emphasis on rehabilitating the municipality’s fragile forest ecosystems and conserving the remaining forest areas.

73. Data about terrestrial fauna in the municipality is scarce. Local communities along forestlands observations showed that there are variety of fauna classes in the municipality such as reptiles, amphibians and insects fauna animals.” The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

(CLUP) further provided, the Participatory Map (community based driven map) the following information:

Table 10. Participatory Mapping Results on Biodiversity in the Municipality of Sibuco

F. Socioeconomic Resources

a. Population and Population Density 74. The population of Zamboanga City as of 2015 was recorded at 861,799 registering a 1.26% growth rate from 2010-2015 and 2.38% from 2000-2015. The city’ population represented about 24% of the total population of the Zamboanga Peninsula. The city’ population density based on this current population count is 593 persons per square kilometer. This density had been increasing from 414 persons/sq. km. in 2000; and 555 persons/sq.km in 201016. The population of Barangay Curuan was 8,796 for the same period.

75. The population of the Municipality of Sibuco, Zamboanga del Norte as of the latest census in year 2015 was 34,620. It rapidly grew at an average rate of 4.82 percent between 2007 and 2010, then 1.52 percent between 2010 and 2015. It is treated like a suburb of neighboring Zamboanga City and the level and growth of the municipality’s population can be explained by its proximity to the city, the region’s economic hub and regional seat. Local migration is a major factor in this high population increase due to the comparative advantage of the municipality in terms of its vibrantly growing agriculture, fishery and forestry including the emergence of the ecotourism areas. In 2015, the municipality recorded the highest population density with 3 persons/hectare, 28.6% higher compared to 2010 computed population density.

76. PR12 passes through barangay Curuan in Zamboanga City and barangays Puliran, Culaguan, and Lunday in the municipality of Sibuco. The population of these barangays are presented in the following table. The total population of the municipality of Sibuco and of Zamboanga City is also indicated.

16 Regional Development Plan (2017-2022), Zamboanga Peninsula, Regional Development Council IX.

Table 11. Population of barangays along PR12

City/Mun/Bgy Population SIBUCO (mun.) 34,620 Culaguan 436 Lunday 1,570 Puliran 1,155

ZAMBOANGA CITY 861,799 Curuan 8,796

Source: Regional Development Plan (2017-2022), Zamboanga Peninsula, Regional Development Council IX.

b. Household Size 77. Final results of the latest Census of Population (POPCEN) conducted by the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) in 2015 placed the population of Zamboanga City at 861,799 and the Municipality of Sibuco at 34,620. The city has an average household size of 4.4 while the municipality has a household size of 5.5.

c. Ethnicity 78. The most generally spoken dialects used in the Municipality of Sibuco are Subanen (30%); Kalibugan (20%); Samal, Chavacano, and Visaya (15% each); and others (5%). On the other hand, Chavacano is the most generally spoken dialect in Zamboanga City followed by Tausug and Bisaya. Table 11 presents the most common ethnicities in the Municipality of Sibuco and Zamboanga City.

Table 12. Ethnicity, Municipality of Sibuco, Zamboanga del Norte Ethnicity Population % Share Municipality of Sibuco Subanen 10,383.00 30 Kalibugan 6,922.00 20 Samal 5,191.50 15 Chavacano 1,730.50 15 Visaya 5,191.50 15 Others 1,730.50 5 Total for the Municipality 34,620 100 Zamboanga City Zamboangeno-Chavacano 272,986 45.5 Tausug 98,334 16.4 Bisaya/Binisaya 73,446 12.2 Cebuano 42,482 7.1 Sama (Samal) Abaknon 36,211 6.0 Yakan 16,090 2.7 Tagalog 15,619 2.6 Hiligaynon/Ilonggo 12,574 2.1 Others 27,345 4.6 Not Reported 4,705 0.8 Total for Zamboanga City 599,792 100

Source: Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of the Municipality of Sibuco; and NSO, 2000 Census of Population and Housing for Zamboanga City.

d. Education and Educational Resources17 79. For the school year 2015-2016, the City of Zamboanga has the following number of schools per curricular activity: 21 Purely Kindergarten (private), 209 Elementary, and 71 Secondary Schools. As per records of Commission on Higher Education (CHED) for SY 2015- 2016, there are eighteen (18) tertiary schools and thirty-four (34) vocational and technical schools based on the records of Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA). The Senior High School Program (SHS) has been implemented in the SY 2016- 2017. In Zamboanga City, there are 25 DepEd Schools and 37 Non-DepEd Schools offering SHS. The programs that are being offered in the SHS level include Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM), General Academic Strand, Humanities and Social Sciences, Pre- Baccalaureate Maritime, Science, Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), Arts and Design, Sports, and Technical-Vocational-Livelihood.

80. The historical Enrollment Participation Rate (EPR) from year 2011 to 2016 ranges from 79% to 88% for elementary and 42% to 56% for secondary level education. The EPR for secondary level is considered to be quite low which implies less individuals attending formal education and more individuals considered as out-of-school youth (OSY) or those who have no access to formal secondary education. The student-teacher ratio for the elementary level has a value of 40:1 which is within the DepEd standard of 45:1. Also, the student-teacher ratio for the secondary level is well within the DepEd standard with a value of 28:1. The student- classroom ratio for elementary level is computed to be 43:1 which follows the DepEd standard of 45:1. The student-classroom ratio for secondary level was 45:1, which is also the DepEd standard.

81. As of 2016, the educational needs of the residents of the Municipality of Sibuco are being served by 29 complete elementary schools, 5 high schools and 1 publicly managed tertiary school, the Jose Rizal State University-External Studies Unit. In SY 2015-2016, there were 8,945 public elementary students enrolled under the 29 public elementary schools. These students are taught by 236 public school teachers. The pupil-teacher ratios for the various elementary schools, except in few cases, are within the Department of Education standard. The municipality as a whole has a pupil-teacher ratio of 36:1. The municipality’s classroom student ratio is 1:43. In the secondary level, around 1,931 students were enrolled in the public secondary schools, taught by 63 teachers. The teacher-student ratio for the secondary schools is 1:30, way above the Department of Education standard of 1:50 (Figure 12). The municipality classroom student ratio is 1:45 which is within the standard of Department of Education.

e. Health Services 82. As per 2015 records of City Health Office (CHO), there are 13 medical hospitals in the city, six (6) of which are owned by the government while seven (7) are privately owned. As of 2015, these hospitals have 210 doctors, 1,007 nurses and 158 midwives. The hospital under the CHO, Cristino Paragas Memorial Hospital is in Barangay Quiniput. It is classified as an infirmary, which is a facility that provides emergency treatment and care to the sick and injured, as well as care and management to mothers and newborn babies. However, this hospital is intended to be converted into a primary hospital which provides clinical care and management on the prevalent disease in the locality. Clinical services include general medicine, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, surgery and anesthesia.

17 Comprehensive Land Use Plans of Zamboanga City, and Municipality of Sibuco, Zamboanga del Norte. Data for Health Services and Security also from this source.

83. In addition, there are 16 Main Health Centers (MHC) which are situated within the city. Thirteen (13) of these MHC’s function as lying-in clinics. MHC’s cover mostly preventive, promotive, and curative aspects of health care services including referrals from Barangay Health Stations (BHS). In 2015, 89 BHS are recorded, which are distributed among the 16 Health Districts. These Main Health Centers operate 24 hours attending to the needs of the barangays and these are accredited birthing homes by the Department of Health (DOH) and Philhealth. Additional health personnel and facilities must be augmented by the LGU, which must be strategically distributed throughout the city to address the needs of its people.

84. The Municipality of Sibuco is served by a Municipal Rural Health Center (MRHC) and four (4) Barangay Health Stations (BHS). The Municipal Rural Health Center located in Barangay Poblacion is rendering health services such as medical consultation to minor operation and delivery of infants being a basic emergency obstetric and newborn care (BEMONC) provider. Major operations are referred to other hospitals in Zamboanga City due to lack of modern equipment and other much needed hospital facilities. As of 2016, there were 23 barangays of the Municipality that are heavily dependent on BHS assigned in cluster areas. Health facilities in the municipality still need upgrading and improvement. Additional medical equipment and facilities are necessary to advance the afforded health services to the population.

85. The Sibuco Municipal Hospital (SMH), a ten-bed primary hospital is operated and maintained by the Provincial Government since the municipality is very far from Dipolog City where the ZANORTE Medical Center is located. It has one (1) doctor, two (2) permanent and four (4) Job Order Nurses, and 6 Midwives. In 2015, the population was served aside from the SMH by 1 doctor, 4 nurses, 3 midwives and 3 sanitary inspectors. These medical personnel are within the Barangays of Poblacion, Lintangan and Malayal except for the midwives that are assigned in the various Barangay Health Stations of the municipality.

86. Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) remains the leading cause of morbidity in the municipality for the period 2013-2016, followed by pneumonia, hypertension and skin diseases. In 2013, ARI cases totaled 1,428 and went down in 2016 by 313 cases. In 2016, heart disease, tonsillitis and conjunctivitis were the new emerging disease-causing morbidity to the local populace with 102, 24 and 18 cases respectively. The prevalence of ARI calls for the need to improve household and community sanitation as well as availability of drugs at the Municipal and Barangay Health Centers.

f. Security Services 87. The Philippine National Police headquarters, located along Governor Lim Avenue, occupies an area of 577.68 square meters and is served by a personnel count of 61. Eleven (11) police substations are also maintained by the PNP. The current police to population ratio is 1:736 which is within the standard of 1 police personnel per 1,000 population. In terms of fire protection, the city’s central fire station is located in Zone II. A total of 15 fire substations are likewise distributed within the city. The current fireman to population ratio is 1:4,376 which is below the standard ratio of 1:2,000.

88. The Philippine National Police Office in the Municipality of Sibuco has thirty-nine (39) personnel. The police station is equipped with serviceable police car and service pistols and long firearms. The average crime rate in the municipality is 12 crimes per year. In 2011, 51 crimes were recorded. In 2016, crime rate went down by about 68% from 16 cases in 2014 to five (5) cases in 2016. The most common types of crime cases monitored were murder, theft, physical injuries and rape. No serious types of crime were reported that may have caused instability in the peace and order situation in the municipality. For the last five (5) years there were minor cases for fire incidences reported. The common causes for fire incidence are

kitchen and electrical and lighted candle accidents. Also, some of the causes are kerosene related lamp accident.

V. ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

89. The Project is environment Category B and significant negative environmental impacts are not anticipated. The impact assessment was conducted for pre-construction, construction and operation phases. Results of the environmental impacts screening are summarized in Table 12. impact types and magnitudes are indicated for both impacts without the mitigating measures and the resulting situations when mitigating measures will be implemented.

90. The screening table uses the symbols “+” for positive impacts and “− “for negative impacts. Symbols for impact magnitudes are “∆” for minor and “⚫” for moderate. The symbol for a minor negative impact is “∆ −”, while a moderate negative impact is “⚫ −“. The second column of the table indicates the type and magnitudes of the impacts without any mitigating measures being applied. The last column of the table indicates the expected impact magnitude after applying the mitigating measures. Hence, a moderate negative impact (⚫ −) will become minor (∆) after applying the mitigating measures. The discussions of each identified issue and corresponding mitigation measures are presented in the succeeding sections.

Table 13. Summary of Environmental Impacts Screening for PR 12 Without With Environmental Impacts and Risks Mitigation Mitigation PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE (Design) ¯ Encroachment on environmentally sensitive areas n/a n/a ¯ Impacts and risks to biodiversity conservation n/a n/a CONSTRUCTION PHASE ¯ Impacts to endangered and/or critically ∆ − ∆ Endangered species ¯ Potential damage to archaeological and cultural ∆ − ∆ ¯ assets Soil erosion and sedimentation within and in the ⚫ − ∆ vicinity of construction sites ¯ Noise from construction equipment ⚫ − ∆ ¯ Local air pollution due to construction activities ⚫ − ∆ Potential degradation of the water quality of the natural water pond along the road alignment situated - ⚫ − ∆ in Barangay Pantano, Municipality of Sibuco, Zamboanga del Norte. ¯ Oil and other hazardous materials releases ⚫ − ∆ ¯ Vehicular traffic congestion and public access ⚫ − ∆ ¯ Hazards to public due to construction activities ⚫ − ∆ ¯ Pollution and health risks due to workers camp ⚫ − ∆ ¯ Occupational health and safety risks at work sites ⚫ − ∆ ¯ Increased employment opportunity in work sites ⚫ + ⚫ + OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PHASE ⚫ − ∆ Increased risk of road accidents Increased noise levels due to increased vehicular ∆ − ∆ traffic Increased air pollution due to increased vehicular ∆ − ∆ traffic Improved accessibility ⚫ + ⚫ + Notes: n/a = not applicable; ∆ = minor; = moderate; + = positive; - = negative

A. Pre-construction

a. Encroachment on Environmentally Sensitive Areas

91. The existing road is in a corridor that has been transformed already into its present agricultural landscape, grassland, shrub land, with settlements and roadside trees. The road corridor is not within undisturbed landscapes and away from legally protected areas under the country’s National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS). The improvement works for the road will not go beyond a 20m wide ROW.

b. Impacts and Risks to Biodiversity Conservation

92. The road is not located in areas that have concerns on biodiversity conservation. The areas along the road have been previously disturbed by mining, and slash-and-burn activities. And over the years, the ecological changes due to human activities in these areas have resulted to its present predominantly agricultural landscape.

B. Construction

a. Inadequate Disclosure of Project Information and GRM 93. To ensure that host communities are aware of the grievance redress mechanism and project implementation schedule and activities, these aspects will be communicated by the DPWH with LGU representatives, directly affected persons, and residents of the host communities. In particular, such communication will be carried out by the Environmental Officer (EO) of the Office of the District Engineer with the support of the CSC through consultations with the municipal and barangay officials in advance of activities, when and where noise, dust and other nuisances may be expected, etc. and how affected persons can access the GRM for environmental concerns related to the project.

94. The consultation for all interested stakeholders, will be conducted by the EO and CSC prior to commencement of site clearing and quarterly thereafter or as agreed with the stakeholders. The EO and CSC should ensure that stakeholders are properly informed and encouraged to attend the consultation.

b. Local Air Pollution 95. Air emissions during construction mainly arise from the operation of construction vehicles and clearing of the roadway of base and sub-base materials, rubble and demolished bridges, operation of quarry pits and hauling of materials. Emissions from rock crushing operations, aggregate drying, concrete batching plants and hot mix plants which will be required for works in specific road segments also degrade air quality. Movement of haul trucks during spoil transport will also generate dust and has the potential to affect communities located along the route towards the spoil disposal area. The problem is present wherever construction is taking place in varying degrees but is generally not as much as to affect regional air quality. However, impacts are most severe where there are communities, homes, businesses and institutional buildings in the vicinity of construction that causes local ground level air quality to deteriorate. Sensitive receptors located along the alignment of PR 12 are residential houses, schools, churches, barangay halls, hospitals/health center/clinics, daycare centers and markets/commercial establishments among others (Appendix 2). Baseline sampling for air quality and noise will be conducted prior to the start of the civil works construction by the contractor and the results and analysis will be included in the CEMP.

96. To minimize dust and gaseous emissions during construction phase, the contractor will ensure that:

a) Regular water spraying/dampening dust emissions from disturbed soil, roadway construction surfaces and haul roads wherever there are sensitive receptors (as mentioned above) nearby is undertaken. Spraying will be done twice daily or at such frequency as is needed to suppress dust emission to acceptable levels. b) Regular removal of debris and spoil piles and clean-up after completion of a section. c) All vehicles transporting dusty materials will be tightly covered to prevent release of fugitive dust. d) Rock crushing, concrete batching plant, aggregate drying and surface treatment preparation operations (whether bituminous asphalt or spray seal mixes) will be located a sufficient distance (at least 500 m) from habitations and community environments including other sensitive receptors (churches, schools, medical facilities, etc.) to assure that there will be no community impacts from such activities. It is due to fine particles or offensive odor which such facilities generate often reach a point within 500m from the source under certain conditions (e.g. wind strength/direction). Establishment and operation of these facilities must be approved by the relevant authorities (e.g., EMB-DENR, LGUs). e) All equipment, machinery and vehicles used for the project must be well maintained to ensure proper functioning thereby minimizing contribution to air pollution. f) For storage areas of construction materials such as sand, gravel, cement, etc., provisions will be made to prevent materials from being blown away towards sensitive receptors. g) Roads will be regularly cleaned to remove tracked mud, cement, etc. h) Stockpiling of spoils near sensitive receptors will be prohibited. i) Asphalt plants, concrete batching plants and crushing plants will be equipped with dust suppression devices such as water sprays, dust collectors, covered conveyor, etc. j) Speed limits (at least 25 kilometers/hour) will be imposed on construction vehicles to minimize dust emission along areas where sensitive receptors are located. k) Burning of all types of wastes generated at the construction sites, work camps and other project-related activities will be strictly prohibited. l) Stockpiles of sand and aggregate greater than 20 m3 for use in concrete mixing will be enclosed on three sides, with walls extending above the pile and two meters beyond the front of the piles. m) Water sprays will be used during the delivery and handling of all raw sand and aggregates, and other similar materials, when dust is likely to be created and to dampen such stored materials during dry and windy weather to avoid impacts to sensitive receptors. n) Cement and other such fine-grained materials delivered in bulk will be stored in closed containers.

c. Noise 97. Noise impacts will originate from the operation of construction equipment. The range of typical noise levels in relation to distance from a construction site is shown in Table 13. Sensitive receptors within 100 m from the project road may be adversely affected by construction18 noise. The IFC-EHS noise guideline values in residential areas are 55 dB(A) during daytime and 45 dB(A) for nighttime. If baseline noise levels are below guideline values, ambient noise levels during construction should meet guideline values. However, when baseline noise levels breach the guideline values, a maximum increase of 3 dB(A) is allowed. Beyond 3 dB(A), mitigation measures shall be strictly implemented.

18 For example, when a construction machine with 110 dBA of acoustic power level such as a concrete breaker operates, noise level of 70 dBA is expected to reach at 90 m far from the source, based on an authorized theoretical formulation.

Table 14. Construction Noise / Distance Relationship

Distance from Range of Typical Noise Construction Site (m) Levels (dBA) 8 82 – 102 15 75 – 95 30 69 – 89 61 63 – 83 91 59 – 79 122 57 – 77 152 55 – 75 305 49 – 69 Source: Dept. of Transportation (USA)

98. Construction noise levels are expected to exceed WHO guidelines and would temporarily affect sensitive receptors (SRs) close to the construction zone. Along PR 12, SRs found are residential houses, churches, schools, day care centers, health centers, public markets/commercial establishments among others (Appendix 2). Table 14 indicates noise levels for common construction machinery.

Table 15. Construction Machinery Noise19 Noise Emission Level (dBA) at Distances (m) from Equipment Equipment 5 10 15 20 40 60 80 100 150 200 300 1 Bulldozer 86 80 74 68 64.5 62 60 56.5 54 50.5 2 Excavator 84 78 72 66 62.5 60 58 54.5 52 48.8 3 Loader 90 84 78 72 68.5 66 64 60.5 58 54.5 4 Land scraper 90 84 78 72 68.5 66 64 60.5 58 54.5 5 Mixing Equipment 87 81 75 69 65.5 63 61 57.5 55 51.5

6 Roller 87 81 75 69 65.5 63 61 57.5 55 51.5 7 Vibrator road 86 80 74 68 64.5 62 60 56.5 54 50.5 roller Source for Equipment 1-7: Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) of the Proposed Logistics development Project. Government of Mongolia. 2011. Source for Equipment 8-18: Based on Figure 1 – Construction Equipment Noise Ranges. Noise from Construction Equipment and operations, Building Equipment and Home Appliances. US-EPA. 31 December 1971. A blank field indicates no data available.

99. Noise impacts are an unavoidable consequence of construction that will be mitigated through implementation of the following measures:

a) Limit the duration of noisy construction activities to daylight hours, whenever possible, in the vicinity of sensitive receptors. b) In areas near houses or noise-sensitive sites, noisy equipment will not be operated during nighttime to early morning (19:00H – 06:00H). c) Workers exposed to high noise levels will be provided with ear plugs. d) The contractors will provide prior notification to the community on the schedule of construction activities. e) Whenever possible, noisy equipment will be completely enclosed which can significantly reduce noise levels. f) Any stationary equipment that produce high noise levels (e.g., portable diesel generators, compressors, etc.) will be positioned as far as is practical from sensitive receptors.

19 Source: TA-8574 PHI: Improving National Roads for Inclusive Growth in Mindanao Project (41076-045), prepared by the DPWH for the ADB, February 2016 taken from various sources.

g) Construction traffic routes will be defined in cooperation with local communities and traffic police to minimize noise and nuisance. h) Vehicle speeds will be reduced around sensitive receptors. i) Concrete batching plants will be located at least 500 m away from sensitive receptors. j) Temporary noise barriers will be installed along the edge of the road, as necessary, in front of sensitive receptors facing heavy construction activities. k) Prior to undertaking noisy activities, the contractor will consult with village leaders and representatives from the religious sites and schools along the project road regarding construction schedule so as to minimize disturbance to important events such as ceremonies, examination period and the like.

d. Impacts due to Spoils Disposal 100. The Project will generate spoils from road widening and replacement of bridges and drainage facilities to be repaired and constructed. Construction spoils maybe also dumped in the natural lake along the alignment situated in Barangay Pantano, Municipality of Sibuco, Zamboanga del Norte. To ensure proper handling and disposal of such materials, prior to excavation, contractors will submit a spoils disposal plan to concerned authorities such as LGUs and DPWH for approval. A copy of the approved plan will be submitted to ADB. The plan will show the location of proposed excavation sites, cut locations, fill and/or disposal sites for excess cut and, and disposal sites for concrete resulting from drainage/bridge demolition. This plan shall form part of the CEMP.

101. The plan will include photographs of the sites and will also indicate the existing land use and capacity of the disposal site. The contractor will ensure that spoils disposal will not encroach on surface water courses, will not cause sedimentation or obstruction of stream/river flow and not cause damage to the natural lake, agricultural land, irrigation, densely vegetated areas, forests, properties and other productive sites.

e. Impacts from Operation of Borrow Areas and Quarries 102. The Project will require embankment fill and construction materials that will be sourced from borrow pits and quarries. For commercial borrow pits and quarries, the contractor will ensure that only facilities with necessary environmental permits will be used for the project. For project-specific facilities, i.e., those that will be established and solely operated for the project, the contractor will ensure that these are covered by necessary environmental permits. Copies of the permits shall be provided and included in the CEMP.

103. Prior to operation of these facilities, the contractor will submit to the LGU and DPWH a plan showing the location/s of borrow pits and quarries to be used, as well as timeframe and mitigation measures to be implemented to rehabilitate project-specific borrow pits and quarries. The contractor will also ensure that topsoil will be properly removed, stockpiled and preserved for later use during restoration of the borrow pit. Vegetation cover will also be provided during rehabilitation of the site. Upon completion of extraction activities, quarries and borrow pits will be dewatered, signages and fences installed, as appropriate, to minimize health and safety risks.

f. Erosion and Unstable Slopes 104. Soil erosion and unstable side slopes susceptible to landslides are anticipated along the alignment of PR 12 where raising of embankment is required. Impacts due to soil erosion and unstable side slopes may include: i) increased run off and sedimentation causing a increased flood hazard downstream; ii) loss of topsoil that could affect vegetation; (iii) deposition of sediments to water bodies such as rivers and streams thereby adversely water quality and aquatic organisms; iv) damage to vegetation by burying or gulling; and v) development of unsightly cuts and fills that have been riddled by uncontrolled erosion and gulling. The above impacts will be addressed through:

a) Planting of native species of trees and landscaping along the roads and embankment slopes, as appropriate. b) Construction activities in hilly areas will be carried out intensively during dry season. However, as the area is not generally typhoon-prone, construction work during wet season is likely feasible. c) Slope protection measures (e.g., sodding) will be implemented to avoid impacts to agricultural land and adjacent properties. Areas to be cleared of vegetation for construction will be restricted to the minimum required for immediate works.

g. Deterioration of Water Quality and Soil Contamination 105. The potential sources of water pollution associated with different construction activities include excavation and filling, bore piling and pier construction for bridge works, concrete mixing, refueling facilities, and equipment maintenance. Care and attention shall be emphasized to prevent water quality degradation of the natural lake along the alignment in Barangay Pantano, Municipality of Sibuco, Zamboanga del Note. Water from concrete batching plants and casting yards is expected to be alkaline with high concentration of total suspended solids (TSS). Measures to minimize impacts to soil and water quality are as follows:

a) Control of siltation during construction will be achieved through limiting the exposure of areas prone to erosion; and no side casting of excavated materials on the natural lake located in Barangay Pantano, Municipality of Sibuco shall be allowed. b) Observing proper management of spoils by surrounding the stockpile with bund. c) Transporting spoils immediately to final disposal sites. d) Sodding the spoils stockpile if prolonged storage is necessary. e) Bentonite slurry20 if used during bridge construction during bored piling will be collected and processed in a closed system using a system of tanks/containers connected by hoses to the drilling location. Bentonite slurry used during bridge construction will be collected and processed in a closed system and discharged into watercourses will be prohibited. The contractor will return the container to the supplier, in return the contractor will receive incentives in returning the container or else in compliance with RA 6969, the Contractor(s) shall be required to submit a Method Statement describing the process for its use for approval by the CSC prior to the use of the material and system set-up and will be discharge into watercourses will be prohibited and the Contractor(s) shall identify final disposal locations as part of its waste disposal management plan, and shall be reflected in the CEMP. f) Spillage of bentonite in agricultural land will be cleaned immediately to prevent caking and hardening. g) Prior to establishment and operation of concrete batching plants and casting yards, the contractor will obtain the necessary environmental permits. h) Retention ponds with sufficient specifications/capacity will be constructed for treatment of wastewater (e.g., from washing of equipment such as mixer drums, trucks and chute, contact storm water, etc.). i) The contractor will operate and maintain the retention ponds to ensure that effluent quality will meet applicable standards. j) Equipment service and maintenance yards will be provided with impermeable flooring and collection sump.

20 Bentonite is a type of clay that has an ability to swell and gel when dispersed in water which is used in construction mainly in excavation and foundation works. Bentonite slurry is prepared with an objective to achieve maximum hydration of the bentonite, therefore its powder must be added to the mixing water gradually in order to ensure that all the particles are wetted and do not clump into partially hydrated balls. Bentonite slurry can be re-used repeatedly provided its properties are carefully monitored and kept under control.... The primary aim of any bentonite slurry specification must be to ensure that the slurry is capable of fulfilling functions of a retainer, sealant and to stay insular without any deleterious effects on the finished pile, wall or other form of construction. (Source: https://theconstructor.org/others/bentonite-uses-construction/13332/).

k) Watertight receptacles will be provided in all the equipment maintenance shops for waste oil, oily rags, spent oil filters, solvents and oily containers. l) Disposal of wastes contaminated with hydrocarbons will be through authorized waste handlers and recyclers. m) Refueling and servicing of equipment will only be carried out in areas adequately equipped to collect leaks and spills. n) Fuel and other hydrocarbons will be stored in a roofed area that has an impervious floor and bund around it. o) Fuel storage area will be located away from watercourses, flood-prone areas and workers camps. p) There will be availability of spill clean-up materials (e.g., absorbent pads, etc.) specifically designed for petroleum products and other hazardous substances where such materials are being stored and used. q) If spills or leaks of hazardous materials do occur, immediate clean-up will be undertaken. r) Relevant construction personnel will be trained in handling of fuels/hazardous substances and spill control procedures. s) All storage containers of hazardous materials and wastes will be properly labeled and maintained in good condition. t) Restoration of temporary work sites will include removal and treatment or proper disposal of oil contaminated soils.

h. Loss of Vegetation 106. The project will require removal of roadside trees and other vegetation (shrubs, grass, agricultural crops, etc.) to give way to road improvement and widening. However, the Contractor shall avoid cutting the “balete tree” that is believed to be ‘enchanted’21 by the local community. The tree inventory carried out based on the detailed design shows that there are approximately 6,500 trees that will need to be cut inside the 20-m right of way (Appendix 122). These are a mix of fruit trees of various species while and forest trees of various species. A tree inventory to be conducted by the DENR CENRO is recommended to verify which trees are endangered, critically endangered or vulnerable species based on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species 2017 and The National List of Threatened Philippine Plants (NLTPP) under DENR Administrative Order No. 2007-01. This DENR-CENRO activity shall be conducted prior to the tree-cutting activity during the pre- construction phase of the project as part of the tree-cutting permitting requirement.

107. Since none of these areas are within legally protected areas (as previously discussed in para. 73 in this report) or are critical habitats/high biodiversity areas which support survival of critically endangered species, ecological impacts are not considered significant.

108. While compensation for all cut trees will be paid to affected persons consistent with the resettlement plan separately prepared for the project, this does not guarantee that the private landowner will replace the trees. To compensate for the loss of trees, the following will be implemented:

a) DPWH will obtain a tree cutting permit in compliance with PD 705 (Revised Forestry Code of the Philippines). No tree cutting will be undertaken without the necessary permit to be issued by the Community Environmental and Natural Resources Office (CENRO) of the DENR.

21 Oral tradition. The LGU Officials as well as the local community requested that the “balete” tree along the road in Barangay Puliran in the Municipality of Sibuco be preserved because it is thought to be enchanted. The owner of the house immediately fronting the tree is even willing to be demolished to give way for the realignment of that part of the road for the bridge approach construction realignment. During construction, the Contractor and DPWH UPMO shall consider revising the plan to accommodate the community’ request. 22 Subject to further validation by DENR-CENRO and DPWH prior to cutting.

b) The tree cutting program, which will be undertaken by DPWH through a contractor, will be based on the Tree Chart to be prepared by the CENRO. The said chart will be generated through a tree inventory (also to be conducted by the CENRO) detailing the species, diameter at breast height and global positioning system (GPS) reading of each tree. The Tree Chart will also include a site development plan/road alignment plan indicating the location of each tree to be cut. c) Marking of each tree will be carried out by the CENRO staff. Tree cutting can only be undertaken under close supervision of CENRO staff who will be present at the site throughout the duration of cutting activities. Cut trees will be turned over to the CENRO. d) DPWH will undertake replacement of cut trees in compliance with DENR Memorandum Order no. 05 of 2012: Uniform Replacement Ratio for Cut or Relocated Trees which mandates that "For planted trees in private and forest lands not covered under item 2.1 (i.e., private lands and forest lands exclusively established for tree plantations/timber production purposes) tree replacement shall be 1:50 while naturally growing trees on the same areas, including those affected by development projects shall have 1:100 ratio in support of the National Greening Program (NGP) and climate change initiatives of the Government". Such tree replacement is further mandated in a Joint Memorandum Circular No. 2, series of 2014: Guidelines for the Implementation of the DPWH-DENR-DSWD Partnership on the Tree Replacement Project co-signed by the Secretaries of the DPWH, DENR and Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD). e) DPWH will ensure that one of their Environment Specialists and/or that of the Supervision Consultant will closely monitor the tree cutting activities to ensure that these will comply with the provisions of the Tree Cutting Permit and corresponding Tree Chart. As part of the semi-annual environmental monitoring report to be submitted to ADB, DPWH will report on the status of tree cutting, any issues/concerns, corresponding actions and other relevant matters. f) To avoid unnecessary impacts to vegetation, the contractor will prohibit cutting of trees for firewood and for other uses in the Project and will ensure that tree cutting is limited to areas as approved by the CENRO.

i. Occupational Health and Safety Hazards 109. Workers will be exposed to safety hazards due to operation of heavy equipment, performance of other construction activities, etc. as well as health hazards associated with inadequate sanitation facilities and other accommodation amenities, etc. The following measures will be implemented by the contractor to minimize adverse impacts:

a) Use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as safety shoes, safety hat, goggles, safety belt, ear protection or other garments or equipment designed to protect the wearer's body from injury will be strictly observed during construction. b) Provision of first aid kits that are readily available to workers as well as access to or availability of a health worker to attend to any immediate health needs of workers and in case of untoward incidents. c) Conduct orientation for construction workers regarding health and safety measures, emergency response in case of accidents, fire, etc., and prevention of HIV/AIDS and other related diseases. d) Installation of adequate drainage in workers camps to avoid water logging/accumulation of stagnant water and formation of breeding sites for mosquitoes. e) Provision of separate clean housing with sufficient ventilation and separate hygienic sanitation facilities for male and female workers

f) Provision of reliable supply of water for drinking, cooking and washing purposes at the workers’ camps. g) Proper collection and disposal of solid wastes within the workers’/construction camps consistent with local regulations. h) Provision of fire-fighting equipment at the work areas, as appropriate, and at workers camps. i) Treatment of wastewater emanating from workers camps, construction camps and other project-related activities and facilities consistent with national regulations. j) Use of reversing signals on all construction vehicles. k) Implementation of guidelines to address COVID-19 in the workplace and project facilities.

j. Public Health and Safety Hazards

110. Health and safety hazards may also be experienced by adjoining communities due to activities that will generate elevated noise levels and excessive dust, unsafe construction practices, etc. To protect the health and safety of host communities, the following measures will be implemented by the contractor:

a) Installation of sturdy fencing or barriers/barricades such as G.I. sheets, phenolic boards/plywood, wood fences derived from cut trees along the worked areas, filled up used fuel drums with soil or gravel in drainage excavations, concrete jersey barriers or water-filled plastic jersey barriers, bamboo fencing, or barbed wire fencing depending on the extent of excavation works) around excavation areas and construction sites. b) Provision of proper signage and lighting at night at the periphery of the construction site to warn and direct traffic and pedestrians. c) Deployment of security personnel in hazardous areas to restrict public access. d) Imposition of speed limits for construction vehicles along residential areas and where there are other sensitive receptors. e) Orientation of drivers on safe driving practices to minimize accidents and to prevent spill of hazardous substances and other construction materials during transport. f) If necessary, provide safe passageways for pedestrians crossing the construction site. g) At construction areas, provide safe access to farmland and other properties.

k. Traffic Obstruction 111. The project will affect land access in a number of ways during the construction stage since civil works will be undertaken on an existing road. Hauling of construction materials through the main thoroughfares will also add to the present volume of traffic. Construction activities will require partial road closure which can cause traffic delays and unsafe conditions for vehicles and pedestrians. The contractor will implement the following to minimize impacts:

a) Provide signs advising road users that construction is in progress, particularly in areas where the project alignment crosses existing roads and where construction-related facilities are located. b) Employ flag persons to control traffic when construction equipment is entering or leaving the work area. c) Post traffic advisory signs (to minimize traffic build-up) in coordination with local authorities.

l. Accidental Discovery of Artefacts 112. In the event of unanticipated discoveries of cultural or historic artefacts (movable or immovable) in the course of the work, the contractor will take all necessary measures to protect the chance finds. Procedures to be followed in case of discovery of artefacts are:

a) Contractor to immediately cease operations at the site of discovery b) Contractor to inform the CSC and Environment Officer of the Office of the District Engineer c) CSC to relay information to DPWH, d) DPWH to notify the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) and/or other concerned government agencies for the next steps e) Recommence work only after NHCP has provided official notification accordingly

m. Damage to Properties 113. Local roads will be likely used to transport equipment, construction materials and spoils. Since local roads are usually unpaved and has low load bearing capacities, use of these roads by the project may result to deterioration of the roads which can cause inconvenience to the local communities. Damage to properties such as houses, other structures, agricultural land, water supply facilities, etc. may also occur due to operation of vehicles and equipment, and construction-related activities. The contractor will implement the following measures to address such impact:

a) The contractor will immediately repair and/or compensate for any damage that it causes to properties (houses, farmlands, aquaculture ponds, irrigation canals, etc.), community facilities such as water supply, power supply, communication facilities and the like. b) Access roads used for transport of construction materials and other construction- related activities will be maintained by the Contractor in at least in their pre- project condition for the duration of construction.

n. Unanticipated Environmental Impacts 114. If any significant but unanticipated impacts become apparent during project implementation, the DPWH will update the environmental assessment and EMP or prepare a new environmental assessment and EMP to assess the potential impacts, evaluate the alternatives, and outline mitigation measures and resources to address those impacts. The updated or newly prepared documents will be submitted to ADB for review, clearance and public disclosure. Minor unanticipated impacts will be addressed through the establishment and implementation of corrective action plans that will be documented in the monitoring reports.

C. Operation Phase

a. Air Quality 115. The impact on air quality during operation stage depends upon traffic volume, traffic fleet including fuel type and prevailing atmospheric conditions. An unstable atmospheric condition disperses pollutants more and results into low pollutant concentrations while stable atmospheric conditions build-up the pollution level. To assess the likely impacts on the ambient air quality due to the proposed road project, the prediction of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM) concentrations will have to be carried out using line source dispersion modeling approach, based on Gaussian equation.

116. Since there was no baseline sampling done for these parameters along this alignment, the results of the modelling done during the PPTA for the nine (9) proposed roads and selecting PR 09 for potentially maybe exhibiting the same traffic characteristics (and most especially where this road is nearest Zamboanga City) was used. The model was set up and run to predict 1-hourly increment in NO2 and PM10 concentrations for the base year 2015 to 2040 quinquennially, using forecasted traffic data on the proposed road. The PPTA report provided the following average daily traffic (cars/day) estimated in 2015 as follows: small –

555; and large – 145. Traffic demand estimation based on the traffic growth rates established during the PPTA for Region IX expressed in %per annum is as shown below:

Table 16. Traffic Demand Estimation 2015-2040 Region IX (in % pa) Vehicle type 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 Small 4.1 3.9 3.5 3.5 3.6 Large 4.6 4.9 5.0 4.8 4.5 Source: TA-8574 PHI: Improving National Roads for Inclusive Growth in Mindanao Project (41076-045), prepared by the DPWH for the ADB, February 2016.

117. Since the impacts of other pollutant concentrations are considered not major in this case, this study focuses on the NO2 and PM10 dispersion, to be generated from the traffic on the improved PR 12. Input parameters for the pollutant concentration prediction for CALINE- 4 include traffic volume, road geometry, emission factors, meteorological conditions (e.g. wind speed/direction, ambient temperature etc.) and receptor location (distance from the edge of the road). The predicted hourly average concentrations of NO2 and PM10 during peak traffic are shown in Table 16 and Table 17, respectively at six selected receptor locations.

23 Table 17. NO2 Predicted Concentrations (ppm) along PR 12

Predicted NO2 Concentration (ppm) Distance from the edge of the road, m Distance from the edge of the road, m Year (left side) (right side) 200 100 40 20 10 1 1 10 20 40 100 200 2015 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 2020 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 2025 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 2030 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 2035 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 2040 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 Standard Values (NAAQS)24 0.08 ppm (24 hours averaging time) Source: TA-8574 PHI: Improving National Roads for Inclusive Growth in Mindanao Project (41076-045), prepared by the DPWH for the ADB, February 2016. Information on Standard values provided by DED Team from the NAAQS.

25 Table 18. PM10 Predicted Concentrations (µg/m3) along PR 12 3 Predicted PM10 Concentration (µg/m ) Distance from the edge of the Distance from the edge of the road, m Year road, m (right side) (left side) 200 100 40 20 10 1 1 10 20 40 100 200 2015 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 2020 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 2025 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.2 2030 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.3 2035 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.3 2040 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.4 Standard Values (NAAQS) 150 ug/Nm3 (24 hours averaging time) Source: TA-8574 PHI: Improving National Roads for Inclusive Growth in Mindanao Project (41076-045), prepared by the DPWH for the ADB, February 2016. Information on Standard values provided by DED Team from the NAAQS.

23 Used the PR 09 modelling results since this alignment may potentially exhibit the same traffic characteristics to this alignment from the national highway. This can be calibrated with another modelling if necessary to get a more prediction accuracy. 24 National Ambient Air Quality Guidelines for Criteria Pollutants of the Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 (DAO 2000-81). 25 Similar assumption as in the above preceding footnote.

118. Observation from the model output indicate that when traffic volume increases, the concentration of air pollutants also increases correspondingly. Based from the PPTA report, However, the maximum predicted pollutant concentrations of NO2 and PM10 which will be generated by the traffic are not considered to worsen the future ambient condition. The national ambient air quality guideline value for NO2 is 0.08 ppm and for PM10 is 150 µg/m3 (24 hours averaging time) for both.

b. Noise 119. During operations, noise emissions from road vehicles may disturb community life and the living environment. Noise impacts from vehicles travelling along these roads are not expected to be significant due to the light traffic loads and the improved road surfaces for smooth driving.

120. To determine the impact of noise arising from road traffic during operation of PR12, a prediction of sound levels during operation or at future traffic scenarios need to be obtained. This may be done through available noise simulation methods such as the Traffic Noise Model (TNM v. 2.5) used by the US Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration. TNM computes highway traffic noise at nearby receivers and aids in the design of highway noise barriers. In addition, TNM includes full-throttle noise emission levels for vehicles on upgrades and vehicles accelerating away from the following traffic-control devices: stop signs, toll booths, traffic signals, and on-ramp start point.

121. Use of this simulation method, however, requires that traffic data, such as that provided in Error! Reference source not found., be validated with actual roadside traffic count in the vicinity of the project road alongside measurement of baseline noise level. Conducting a traffic count is part of the noise measurement procedure. The FHWA noise regulation26 says that the noise study should be done for the worst noise hour in the future design year for the “build” condition. Procedure for conducting noise measurement is described in the FHWA Manual.

122. The calculation procedure is demonstrated herein using the traffic demand estimate in Table 19. The hourly vehicle volume (per type) is calculated using a 12-hour divisor (accounting for the rural setting and providing for a conservative estimate).

123. Table 19 gives the calculated hourly traffic for each vehicle type. A simple model road based on the design of the roads is constructed and with a receptor at a distance of 10 meters is laid out. Calculations for noise levels using the calculated traffic scenarios is generated by TNM2.5 and the results tabulated in Table 20.

Table 19. Estimated hourly traffic volume for PR12 Vehicle 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 type Auto 48 50 52 54 56 Med Truck 13 13 14 15 15 Note: Auto includes Pick up, Car/SUV, M/C, Med Truck are Trucks and Buses

Table 20. Predicted sound level along PR12 roadside for future traffic scenarios 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 Sound level (dBA) 53.1 53.2 53.4 53.7 53.7

26 Noise Measurement Handbook, U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration, June 1, 2018.

Note: Calculated using TNM 2.5

124. The results show that predicted ambient sound levels will still be within the daytime 55 dBA WHO guidelines for residential, institutional, and educational areas and the Philippine noise guidelines for the traffic scenarios considered. Note, however, that in case existing noise levels are already above the guide value, noise impacts for this project should not result in a maximum increase in background levels of 3 dBA at the nearest receptor location. Hence, these results still need to be validated with actual traffic counts and baseline noise measurements.

c. Induced Impacts 125. The Project will be carried out on an existing road and there is not likely to be any significant or abrupt change to the current pattern of movements caused by road upgrading. The project’s induced impacts will be mainly positive. These benefits include improved access to social services and improved economic development opportunities.

VI. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION

126. Public consultations are needed to generate awareness, informed opinions/views, and suggestions/approaches. It is important that misconceptions are clarified, and stakeholders are fully aware and informed about the project to eventually stimulate dynamic participation and support in the implementation of the development activities in the locality. It is important that the IEC be produced in local dialect to ensure effective understanding of the target populace. The components of the IEC are the following:

• Dissemination of the outputs of the impact assessment Information on the project design • Information on project implementation and monitoring

127. The proposed project has been presented to stakeholders through various consultation meetings held during the preparation of the Project and throughout the detailed engineering phase during the preparation of the environmental impact statement (EIS) required by EMB 9 as part of the process in the application of an Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC); and the resettlement and indigenous people’ plan (RIPP). EIS document will be submitted to DENR-EMB upon completion of the necessary attachments as agreed during the technical conference. Likewise, the highlights of the EIA were communicated to the stakeholders during the PPTA through public presentation or distribution of information materials. The information included the following:

• Brief project description showing per road component. • Potential environmental and socioeconomic issues/impacts per project phase • Recommended mitigation and enhancement measures addressing both negative and positive impacts of the project • Commitments/agreements and guarantees made by the proponent to comply with all the proposed measures and recommendations • Participation of the stakeholders in project implementation

128. In compliance with the requirements of ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) (2009 and DAO 2003-30, public consultations were carried out to primarily inform the community about the proposed project and to provide opportunity to the community to participate and make clarifications on pertinent matters related to the project. On September 16, 2016, the Detailed Engineering Consultants together with DPWH representatives conducted public consultation for PR 12. These were attended by representatives of the local government, different sectors and organizations that will be affected by the project implementation. No significant environmental issues were brought up during the consultation besides the issue on proposed realignment, and resettlement.

129. The major concerns raised by stakeholders from the Municipality of Sibuco and Barangay Curuan, Zamboanga City are as follows:

• Sibuco Stakeholders who attended the public scoping (represented by Mayor Norbideri Edding) strongly requested for an alternate route. No stakeholders attended the scoping from the barangays of Sibuco for the identified route of the project road. Mayor Edding admitted that he did not extend the invitation to the Barangay Officials traversed by the project road included in the PPTA. Instead, he brought along community leaders of the barangays that will be traversed by their proposed alternate route27. In a subsequent public consultation meeting held with the LGU, the LGU of Sibuco finally

27 The DPWH and DDIS Consultant was informally informed by the LGU that their preferred route was already considered for the Philippine Rural Development Project (PRDP) funding.

relented to the alignment considered for ADB-financing and not the route preferred by the Mayor because of the technical consideration as the response of the consultant of their query.

The proposed alternate route starts from La Pressa Barangay Curuan-Lubay (Zamboanga City) – Alma Siga, Barangay Tangarak and Barangay Tangarak-Barangal Sto. Nino-Barangay Poblacion, Sibuco. The existing roads along this route are classified either as municipal or barangay roads.

Mayor Edding said many poor people from his town would benefit if the alternate route he is proposing would be considered instead of the proposed alignment of the project road. He added that the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) and the Department of Health (DOH) have started investing in the said barangays. He said that ADB is known for supporting projects that would uplift the conditions of the very poor, hence the request for the alternate route.

• It is likely that the proposed alignment would traverse a watershed area.

• Project-affected Persons in Curuan are concerned about the following: ✓ Amount of payment for replacement and acquisition; ✓ The proposed project alignment traverses along an irrigation canal that farmers are using; and ✓ Most of the PAPs have no land titles.

130. Thereafter on various dates in 2018 and 2019 (Refer to the separately prepared RIPP), additional public consultations in connection with the preparation of the resettlement and indigenous peoples’ plan were conducted. From these consultations, three central themes recur every time the designated barangays officials render their opening remarks: first, the positive impact of the project to their community; second, admonition to the residents to take advantage of the chance to raise individual concerns/queries that are project-related and third, a common appeal to redesign the road alignment to avoid existing structures where it is encountered.

A. Consultations Conducted during the Preparation of draft RIPP

131. Consultations were conducted twice during the preparation stage of the draft RIPP. The first consultation was carried out from March 1-6, 2018 prior to the conduct of census, inventory of losses and socio-economic survey. The second consultation was conducted on April 28-May 2, 2019 after the completion of appraisal.

(i) First consultation (prior to the conduct of IOL, SES and census)

132. The first coordination and public consultations meetings for the preparation of draft RIPP for PR12 were conducted from March 1-6, 2018. A total of 393 persons participated in the meetings. The following table shows the details, including the agenda, central themes, and issues and concerns raised during the meetings. (See separately submitted RIPP). Table 21 provides the summary of issues and concerns raised during consultations conducted

Table 21. Public Consultations Conducted in 4 barangays traversed by PR12

Date Issues and Concerns Venue Barangay No. of Attendees Raised 2018 Agenda: Presentation of the Project and Open Forum

Main themes: Concern about irrigation canal. Queries related to the project. Compensation of Affected Lots, crops and trees; Concern about a mosque that will be affected and compensation of drainage project. a.) Concern about existing irrigation canals and query about compensation of farmers whose farm lots are dependent on irrigation?” March 3 Barangay Hall Curuan 267 b). compensation of affected lots that are covered by CLOA and free patents? c). Concern about ample time needed by APs to rebuild houses.

a) Query about ROW width requirements. b) Concern about a mosque that will be Puliran Elementary March 4 Puliran 36 affected. School Covered c) Query about tagging and conduct of interviews and IOL related activities. a) Concern about a shallow well that will be affected by the ROW, the only source of residents for potable water. b). Request to provide March 5 Barangay Hall Culaguan 60 temporary site for Military Camp will be affected by the ROW. c) Coconut trees that were not tagged but are within the 30 meters ROW. a) Compensation of lots covered by a CA 141 and ISF? Barangay Covered b). Compensation of March 6 Lunday 23 Court Barangay drainage project. c) Structures within the ROW without tags Total 386 Source: RIPP for PR 12.

133. The primary goal of the coordination meetings and public consultations was to share information concerning the project by presenting to the primary and secondary stakeholders the project background, scope, objectives, benefits, updates, basic resettlement policies (GOP and ADB), cut-off-date and announcement of succeeding resettlement activities such as conduct of perception survey, census, SES and IOL. The following RIPP objectives were also discussed in detail:

(i) To determine the number of APs affected and identify the assets (land, structures and improvements) they will lose due to the acquisition of IROW for the project; (ii) To identify the extent of impacts of the project IROW on the APs and their assets, and the measures to mitigate these impacts; (iii) To determine the compensation and entitlements to be given to APs for the acquisition of the assets to be affected by the IROW;

(iv) To determine the budget estimate for compensation and entitlement, relocation and resettlement, information dissemination, consultation, monitoring and other tasks for implementing the RIPP; (v) To provide the timetable, manner of payment and institutional arrangements for implementation; and (vi) To ensure public participation in the implementation and monitoring of the RIPP.

134. The meetings and consultations also gave the participants the opportunity to respond to the project presentation, present real or perceived issues and allow concerns to surface in an atmosphere free of intimidation or coercion in the open forum segment.

135. The meetings and consultations used the following format (i) welcome/opening remarks by the host LGU, (ii) introduction of DPWH representatives and the DED Consultant(s); iii) brief presentation of the Project and resettlement impacts; iv) overview of DPWH and ADB Policy on social safeguard, and v) open forum. Officials of LGUs and DPWH District Engineering Office helped the consultants in interpreting discussions in Bisaya/Cebuano and other dialects used. The stakeholders were briefed about the entire IGCMRSP and PR12 subproject. Key Issues raised:

(ii) Second consultation (after the completion of appraisal)

136. The second coordination and public consultations meetings for PR12 were conducted from April 27-May 2, 2019. The DPWH Project Director UPMO sent letters to the RO, DEO and the LGUs prior to the conduct of coordination meetings and public consultations with PAPs in barangays traversed by PR12 as part of the preparation of this draft RIPP. A total of 318 persons participated in the meetings. Table 22 shows the details, including the agenda, central themes, and issues and concerns raised.

Table 22. Public consultations conducted in 4 Barangays to be traversed by PR12 Number of Date (2019) Barangay Venue Participants Issues and Concerns Male Female (i) Presentation of Project and updates; (ii) Municipal Resettlement Implementation Committee formation; (iii) Disclosure of (a) revised Agenda : a) Number of days that Resettlement and Indigenous Peoples Framework DPWH will allow to demolish (RIPF); and (b) Master list of Affected Persons the structures after payment (APs) and (iv) Open Forum of compensation; b) Names Queries related to the project, compensation, not appearing in the master Main Themes: realignment and names of APs not in the master list c) Lot is covered only by a list. Tax Declaration / Homestead Patent d) Identification Cards Curuan Barangay Hall 79 119 29-May that will be acceptable to Lunday Barangay Hall 16 8 process claims e)Appeal for road realignment to spare the Culaguan Barangay Hall 31 27 Masjid and the Balete tree 30-May Barangay Puliran 21 17 from ROW acquisition covered court TOTAL 147 171

137. Table 23 provides the summary of issues and concerns raised during consultations conducted.

Table 23. Summary of Issues and Concerns raised by APs

Issues and Concerns Raised by Response

Barangay CURUAN

How many days will DPWH provide for APs will be properly notified and they will be M.Sgt. Banega PA the removal of the structures after allowed sufficient time (normally 15-30 (ret) payment of compensation? days) to build new houses after payment. APs non-inclusion in the list can be verified and ascertained when the ground validation Delia Macalay, Names do not appear in the master list is undertaken by DPWH this year. The Tiburico Falcasantos (affected residential structures) schedule of validation and disclosure will be and Jery Francisco coordinated with the Punong Barangay at least three days prior to its conduct. For validation purposes, a Barangay ID is acceptable to DPWH. However, a Barangay ID is not in the list of valid IDs being honored by Land Bank. That said, the What types of Identification Cards will Validation Team will announce the list of you require? Will DPWH accept Kagawad Perez valid IDs ( and other documentary Barangay IDs? requirements) t required to process payment for compensation. This will be done during a public consultation meetings that will be held soon primarily to disclose the validated APs master list. If the purchased lot is covered by a title, the AP can request the Seller to execute a Waiver in favor of the Buyer or the Buyer Property is not yet subdivided and the can go to the Register of Deeds to request Analie Estrella original title subsists. the annotation of title/entry of the Deed of Sale. Better still, APs can seek the assistance of the city legal office to address the concern. DPWH will validate with the City Assessors Office if there are any Real Property Tax arrears that land owner need to settle for the property to be acquired. RPT arrears Arrears in Land Tax Kagawad Perez will be deducted from the compensation due to the AP. APs are encouraged to seek the assistance of city legal office to address the concern. If the AP is a holder of free or homestead patents and if the AP is not the original patent holder and if previous acquisition of said lot is not through a gratuitous title, the AP will be compensated for loss of land at 100% of the current market value and improvements at replacement cost. On the other hand, the AP will not get any Lot is covered by a Homestead Patent Dolores Asentero compensation if the AP is the original patent holder or the acquisition of the lot from the original patent holder is through a gratuitous title, since the Government may exercise its right to use the area reserved for public use but the AP will still get 100% cash compensation for the entire structure at replacement cost if severely affected.

Issues and Concerns Raised by Response

Land covered by the Integrated Social Forestry Program (ISF) is not compensable. Land is covered by a Stewardship Danilo dela Pena But for affected crops and trees, payment of Agreement (ISF). compensation will be based on current market value. Barangay LUNDAY

Ground validation will be done to determine Rubber trees and others crops are not in Felicitas Larato if the rubber trees and crops are within the the list. 20m RROW limit.

Ground validation will be carried out within Residential structure is not in the master the year to determine if the structures, Dante Proajes list- crops and trees in the list are indeed within the 20m ROW limit. This will be done during the validation and disclosure activities by DPWH ROW Task Force and DEO Zamboanga City (in coordination with the Apostol Apolinario, LGU/BLGU). Team will also verify if APs to Houses, crops and trees are not in the Cipriano francisco, Jay be paid based are indeed the rightful master list dela Cruz and Edgar owners of the affected properties. Perez

You will be compensated for loss of 2 residential houses will be affected, Ernesto Salvador improvements (2 houses) at one in Sibutad and another in Lunday. replacement cost.

Barangay Culaguan

The house, crops and trees are not Ground validation will be carried out within Jailani Capunol included in the list. the by DPWH ROW Validation Team.

If the AP can present a Tax Declaration that will show open and continuous possession for a period of 30 years and a DENR Certification stating that the land is alienable and disposable, the Lot is covered by a Tax Declaration. Sabira Alpora TD will be treated as a special case under the ROW law (RA10752) and it will be accepted as proof of ownership. As such, the AP will be compensated at current market value. This can be verified and ascertained during the ground validation that will be undertaken by DPWH this year. The The owner should be Madilyn Amancio Sari Amancio and not Sari Amancio schedule of validation and disclosure will be coordinated with the Punong Barangay at least three days prior to its conduct. Obtain a Special Power of Attorney (SPA) from the landowner if the owner being represented is abroad, the SPA Owner of Lot is in Malaysia. Jailani Capunol must be duly attested to by the Philippine Consulate abroad where the property owner is residing.

Issues and Concerns Raised by Response

Barangay PULIRAN The processing of payment for compensation will be coursed to the Where do we get the payment for DPWH District Engineering Office in compensation? Labason, that is after completion of validation and disclosure activities. Ground validation will be carried out Minda Gandawan within the year by DPWH ROW Validation Team and this will be a good Name does not appear in the time to request the Team to visit your master list. affected house. The schedule of validation and disclosure will be coordinated with the Punong Barangay at least three days prior to its conduct. Request to realign road design so that Request for road realignment so the Masjid will be spared is being that the Masjid and the Balete tree considered favorably by the Consultant Sabbudin Rapal will not be affected by ROW (design engineer). In the case of acquisition. avoiding the Balete tree, the request is still under study.

VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

138. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is the synthesis of all proposed mitigation and monitoring actions to avoid, minimize and mitigate adverse environmental impacts and enhance positive impacts of the project. The EMP defines institutional responsibilities for mitigation implementation and monitoring, reporting requirements, and a system to manage and provide speedy resolution of construction-related complaints through the grievance redress mechanism (GRM). The EMP is included in the bid documents to enable contractors allocate human and financial resources for effective implementation and monitoring. The EMP will be shared with potential contractors so that the mitigation and monitoring requirements can be evaluated and included in the specifications and cost proposals submitted for the proposed project. It enables the project to comply with Philippine government and ADB requirements on environmental management. The project EMP may require updating to address unanticipated impacts or significant changes in the project scope to ensure that additional impacts could be effectively managed.

139. Contractors Environmental Management Plan. The EMP requires each contractor to prepare and submit a contractor’s environmental management plan (CEMP) consistent with the project EMP, prior to start of construction. It should be approved by CSC and DPWH, and cleared by ADB before any physical activity is started on the site.

140. The CEMP shall include the contractor’s management plans to mitigate construction impacts, such as air and water pollution, soil erosion, construction noise, solids, liquids and hazardous wastes, construction spoils, traffic, and community and workers’ health and safety. The contractor’s environment, health and safety officer (EHSO) has the primary responsibility for CEMP preparation hence it is important for the contractor to mobilize the EHSO upon receipt of the notice to proceed. The Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) will ensure that the CEMPs are in accordance with the EMP requirements before they are submitted for approval to PMO and to ADB.

141. Inasmuch as some of the associated project facilities such as borrow pits, quarry sites, construction camps, and batching plants will be identified by the contractors, the CEMPs will provide specific information on these facilities to identify potential impacts and the required mitigation measures to address these impacts. The CEMP should provide details of activities and the location of facilities specific to the contract package. It should confirm and update the list of sensitive receptors in the IEE to identify locations where mitigation would be most required. Assessment should be conducted to determine the necessity for environmental baseline surveys prior to start of construction, to supplement secondary data available. If undertaken, the survey results shall be included in the CEMP and mitigation measures shall be adjusted accordingly based on the results.

142. CEMPs should be approved by CSC and DPWH, and cleared by ADB before civil works commence. The associated project facilities will also be subject to inspection by PMO and CSC to confirm that locations are appropriate and will not cause significant environmental and social issues. The CEMP should clearly state that the project will comply with relevant Philippine laws and the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009. The contractor will be responsible for CEMP compliance of the subcontractors.

143. COVID-19. The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 has put on hold almost all activities in the Philippines including this project. Finalization of the project’s IEE has been delayed due to travel restrictions and the closure of government offices where essential data needed for the IEE may be available. Currently, restrictions are slowly being relaxed and the country is

cautiously trying to resume activities. However, without a vaccine for the highly infectious COVID-19 virus, added layers of protection are being imposed on all activities to adapt to the situation. The Philippine Government has issued guidelines to mitigate the spread of the virus, but each sector is also encouraged to develop its own set of guidelines suited to the sector activities. DPWH has issued construction safety guidelines for infrastructure projects being implemented under the COVID-19 pandemic. Contractors are required to adopt these guidelines in the workplace. These should be incorporated in the CEMP and resources should be allocated for implementation and monitoring.

144. Impact Mitigation and EMP Monitoring. PR-12 or the Curuan-Sibuco Road project will improve the existing national secondary road from Barangay Curuan in Zamboanga City to the municipality of Sibuco in Zamboanga del Norte. The road traverses a rolling to mountainous terrain with several waterways to cross. The improvement of the 33.16 km road will involve the replacement of the existing road with Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP) with carriageway width of 6.70m and 1.5m shoulders. The major items of work include construction of two (2) bridges and one (1) special box culvert with a total length of 71.80m across the waterways of the road alignment, and improvement of drainage and slope protection structures.

145. Road widening will result in cutting of approximately 6,500 trees on both publicly- and privately-owned lands based on detailed engineering design estimates. The actual number will be validated by the Community Environment and Natural Resources Office (CENRO) and DPWH during a joint inventory of affected trees prior to start of construction. by the DENR who will lead the tree cutting activities. Tree seedlings will be contributed by the project to the country’s National Greening Program administered by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) to offset the tree cutting in accordance with DENR’s tree cutting requirements. The identified environmental impacts resulting from the project and the corresponding mitigation measures, including implementation and monitoring responsibilities are presented in Table 23. The mitigation measures are deemed adequate to address project impacts but may be adjusted based on a closer inspection of site conditions prior to start of construction. This would include the list of sensitive receptors identified in the initial environmental examination (IEE). Sensitive receptors such as the elementary schools and churches in Bgy. Curuan, in Zamboanga City and Bgy Puliran in Sibuco are particularly vulnerable to noise and dust resulting from road construction. A number of residential areas are also near the road alignment in barangay Curuan and barangays Lunday, Culaguan, and Puliran in Sibuco. It is in these areas where noise and dust mitigation should be implemented and regularly monitored.

146. Conditions and uses of the rivers to the communities where bridge works will be undertaken should be further assessed prior to start of construction. A large portion of the road will be on mountainous areas with steep slopes. It is important that mitigation measures in the EMP to address erosion and for construction work on unstable slopes are strictly implemented and if necessary, enhanced.

147. The EMP includes a monitoring program to examine the environmental impacts of various project activities and the effectiveness of mitigation measures being implemented.

Table 24. Impact Mitigation Plan Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Estimated Responsible Responsible Implementation 28 impacts/Concerns cost institutions for Schedule monitoring Pre-construction Stage Improper implementation 1. Engage a qualified Environmental, Health Part of bid cost Contractor Review Environment Upon contractor of the environmental and Safety Officer (EHSO) who will ensure and approval: and Social mobilization management plan compliance with environmental, health, and DPWH and CSC Safeguards (EMP) safety statutory requirements, contractual Division of obligations on environment and t h e EMP. DPWH 2. Prepare and submit a contractor’s (ESSD)/CSC environmental management plan (CEMP), based on the project EMP with specific details (location of sensitive receptors; associated facilities such as batching plants, material requirements and sources) relevant to the particular contract package or lot, to be approved by DPWH and CSC and cleared by ADB prior to establishment of the facilities and start of construction. It shall include management plans for dust, erosion and sediment, solid, liquid and hazardous wastes, construction spoils, construction facilities such as workers’ camps, batching plants, traffic management and community and occupational health and safety. 3. Assess the need to conduct baseline environmental quality measurements (air and water quality, noise levels) prior to construction, the results of which shall be included in the CEMP. Lack of system to 4. A grievance redress mechanism (GRM) will be Part of DPWH/construction ESSD of Mobilization period address complaints established prior to start of site activities to Project cost supervision DPWH/CSC prior to site clearing address and resolve project related complaints. consultant (CSC), and civil works together with contractor

Inadequate disclosure 5. Project implementation schedule, activities, Part of DPWH/construction Environment Mobilization period

28 Contractor should take note of the EMP requirements in the tender documents and provide indicative costs during the tendering process, and preparation of the CEMP based on their experience, best practice, and best judgement to ensure compliance with the EMP requirements. 61

Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Estimated Responsible Responsible Implementation 28 impacts/Concerns cost institutions for Schedule monitoring of project information impacts and mitigation will be communicated to Project cost supervision and Social prior to site clearing to stakeholders the LGU representatives and residents of consultant (CSC), Safeguards and civil works and affected communities in advance, when and together with Division at least monthly where noise, dust and other nuisances may contractor (ESSD) of be expected, and how affected persons can DPWH/CSC access the GRM for environmental concerns related to the project. Information dissemination will be conducted at least monthly or more often if necessary. Non-compliance with 6. All required government permits such as Part of DPWH, contractor ESSD/CSC Prior to start of government environmental compliance certificates (ECC) Project and bid cost construction requirements for the project and associated facilities, tree cutting permit, and LGU permits shall be secured prior to start of construction. Construction Stage Local air pollution 7. Provide signages informing public and Part of bid cost Contractor ESSD/CSC Prior to construction contractor staff to observe speed limit of at least 25 kph in populated areas (sensitive receptors) of the community 8. Regular water spraying/dampening dust Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC During dry emissions from disturbed soil, roadway cost construction days. construction surfaces and haul roads wherever there are sensitive receptors (such as houses, churches, businesses, schools, medical facilities) nearby is undertaken. Spraying will be done twice daily or at such frequency as is needed to suppress dust emission to acceptable levels. 9. Regular removal of debris and spoil piles and Part of bid cost Contractor ESSD/CSC As often when clean-up after completion of a section. construction activities require. 10. All vehicles transporting dusty materials will Part of bid cost Contractor ESSD/CSC During each hauling be tightly covered to prevent release of activities. fugitive dust. 11. Construction camps which include rock Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC During establishment crushing, concrete batching plant, fabrication cost of project facilities yards and similar facilities will be located at least 500 m from habitations and community environments including other sensitive

Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Estimated Responsible Responsible Implementation 28 impacts/Concerns cost institutions for Schedule monitoring receptors such as churches, schools, and medical facilities. The facilities shall secure all required government permits from DENR, EMB and LGUs prior to their establishment. 12. All equipment, machinery and vehicles used Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC All throughout the for the project must be well maintained to cost construction period ensure proper functioning thereby minimizing until demobilization. contribution to air pollution. 13. For storage areas of construction materials Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC All throughout the such as sand, gravel, and cement, cost construction period provisions will be made to prevent materials until demobilization. from being blown away towards sensitive 14. Roadsreceptors. will be regularly cleaned to remove Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC During rainy days; tracked mud, cement, and other dirt. cost and after concrete pouring activities in the work site. 15. Stockpiling of spoils near sensitive receptors Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC During hauling and will be prohibited. cost stockpiling activities

16. Asphalt plants, concrete batching plants and Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC All throughout the crushing plants will be equipped with dust cost construction period suppression devices such as water sprays, until demobilization. dust collectors, covered conveyor.

17. Speed limits will be imposed on construction Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC Throughout the vehicles to minimize dust emission along cost construction period areas where sensitive receptors are located. until complete demobilization.

18. Burning of all types of wastes generated at Contractor ESSD/CSC Throughout the the construction sites, work camps and other construction period project- related activities will be strictly until complete prohibited. demobilization.

Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Estimated Responsible Responsible Implementation 28 impacts/Concerns cost institutions for Schedule monitoring 19. Stockpiles of sand and aggregate greater than Part of bid cost Contractor ESSD/CSC During hauling and 20 m3 for use in concrete mixing will be stockpiling activities enclosed on three sides, with walls extending and throughout the above the pile and two meters beyond the construction period front of the piles.

20. Water sprays will be used during the delivery Part of bid cost Contractor ESSD/CSC During materials and handling of all raw sand and aggregates, delivery activities and and other similar materials, when dust is likely throughout the to be created and to dampen such stored construction period materials during dry and windy weather to avoid impacts to sensitive receptors.

21. Cement and other fine-grained materials Part of bid cost Contractor ESSD/CSC During cement delivered in bulk will be stored in closed delivery activities and containers. throughout the construction period Noise 22. Limit the duration of noisy construction Contractor ESSD/CSC Throughout the activities to daylight hours, whenever construction period possible, in the vicinity of sensitive receptors. until complete Noisy equipment will not be operated during demobilization. nighttime to early morning (19:00H –06:00H). 23. Workers exposed to high noise levels will Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC Throughout the be provided with ear plugs. cost construction period until complete demobilization. 24. The contractors will provide prior notification to Contractor ESSD/CSC Throughout the the community on the schedule of noisy construction period construction activities. until complete demobilization.

25. Whenever possible, noisy equipment will be Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC Throughout the completely enclosed using materials which cost construction period can significantly reduce noise levels. until complete demobilization.

Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Estimated Responsible Responsible Implementation 28 impacts/Concerns cost institutions for Schedule monitoring 26. Any stationary equipment that produce high Contractor ESSD/CSC Throughout the noise levels (e.g., portable diesel generators, construction compressors, etc.) will be positioned as far as period is practical from sensitive receptors.

27. Construction traffic routes will be defined in Contractor ESSD/CSC Prior to the cooperation with local communities and traffic commencement of police to minimize noise and nuisance. the construction activities 28. Vehicle speeds will be reduced around Contractor ESSD/CSC Throughout the sensitive receptors. Minimize back-up alarm construction period. noises on construction vehicles where practical and feasible. 29. Concrete batching and rock crushing plants Contractor ESSD/CSC Prior to establishment will be located at least 500 m away from of the plants. sensitive receptors. 30. Throughout the construction period Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC Prior to the temporary noise barriers will be installed along cost commencement of the edge of the road, as necessary, in front of the activities. sensitive receptors facing heavy construction activities.

31. Prior to undertaking noisy activities, the Contractor ESSD/CSC Prior to the contractor will consult with village leaders commencement of and representatives from the religious sites the activities. and schools along the project road regarding construction schedule so as to minimize disturbance to important events such as ceremonies, examination period and the like.

Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Estimated Responsible Responsible Implementation 28 impacts/Concerns cost institutions for Schedule monitoring Spoils disposal 32. Prior to excavation, contractors will submit a Part of bid Preparation: ESSD/CSC Prior to the spoils disposal plan to concerned cost Contractor commencement of authorities such as LGUs and DPWH for Review and the activities approval. The plan will show the location of approval: proposed excavation sites, cut locations, fill DPWH and and/or disposal sites for excess cut and CSC disposal sites for concrete resulting from spillway demolition. The plan will include photographs of the sites and will also indicate the existing land use and capacity of the disposal site. A copy of the approved plan forming part of the CEMP will be submitted to ADB. 33. The contractor will ensure that spoils disposal Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC Prior to the will not encroach on surface water courses, cost commencement of will not cause sedimentation or obstruction of the activities; and stream/river flow and will not cause damage to throughout the agricultural land, irrigation, densely vegetated duration of the areas, forests, properties and other project. productive sites.

34. Where local residents and villages requests to Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC Prior to the use spoils as fill materials in their lots and cost commencement of properties, the contractor shall secure a the activities; and written request and agreement for proper throughout the disposal. The contractor shall keep an duration of the inventory of the quantities of spoil disposed project. through various means for inclusion in the SEMR. Contractor shall ensure that the filling activities shall not cause pollution or sedimentation and/or water ponding by technically assisting property owners in the establishment of adequate bunding and drainage.

Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Estimated Responsible Responsible Implementation 28 impacts/Concerns cost institutions for Schedule monitoring Impacts from operation 35. For commercial borrow pits and quarries, the Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC Prior to the of borrow areas and contractor will ensure that only facilities with cost commencement of quarries necessary environmental permits will be used the activities; for the project.

36. For quarries and borrow pits that will be solely Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC Prior to the established and operated for the project, the cost commencement of contractor will ensure that these are covered the activities; by necessary environmental permits. Copies of the environmental permits shall be included in the CEMP.

37. Prior to operation of borrow pits and quarries, Part of bid Preparation: ESSD/CSC Prior to the the contractor will submit to the LGU and cost Contractor commencement of DPWH a plan showing the location/s of such Review and the activities. facilities to be used, as well as timeframe and approval: mitigation measures to be implemented to DPWH and CSC rehabilitate project-specific borrow pits and quarries. Estimated quantities of material requirements from borrow pits and quarries shall be included in the CEMP.

38. The contractor will also ensure that topsoil will Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC Throughout the be properly removed, stockpiled and cost duration of the preserved for later use during restoration of activities. the borrow pit. 39. Vegetation cover will be provided Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC Following completion during rehabilitation of the site. cost of the civil works activities. 40. Upon completion of extraction activities, Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC Upon completion of quarries and borrow pits will be dewatered, cost extraction activities. signages and fences installed, as appropriate, to minimize health and safety risks.

Erosion and 41. Undertake planting of native species of trees Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC Following completion unstable slopes and landscaping along the roads and cost of the c i v i l works embankment slopes, as appropriate. activities.

Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Estimated Responsible Responsible Implementation 28 impacts/Concerns cost institutions for Schedule monitoring 42. Construction activities in hilly areas will be Contractor ESSD/CSC During the dry carried out intensively during dry season. season and as However, as the area is not generally weather permits. typhoon-prone, construction work during wet season is likely feasible. 43. Slope protection measures (such as Part of bid cost Contractor ESSD/CSC Prior to the sodding) will be implemented to avoid commencement of impacts to agricultural land and adjacent slope protection properties. Areas to be cleared of vegetation works. for construction will be restricted to the minimum required for immediate works.

Deterioration of water 44. Limit the exposure of areas prone to erosion. Contractor ESSD/CSC During earthworks, quality and soil and throughout the contamination duration of the activities.

45. Observe proper management of spoils Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC During earthworks, by surrounding the stockpile with bund. cost and throughout the duration of the activities. 46. Transport spoils immediately to final disposal Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC During earthworks, sites. cost and throughout the duration of the activities. 47. Undertake sodding of spoils stockpile if Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC During earthworks, prolonged storage is necessary. cost and throughout the duration of the activities.

48. Bentonite slurry used during bridge Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC During construction will be collected and processed cost bridgeworks, and in a closed system. Discharge into throughout the watercourses will be prohibited. duration of the 49. Spillage of bentonite in agricultural land will Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC Duringactivities. earthworks, be cleaned immediately to prevent caking cost and throughout the and hardening. duration of the activities.

Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Estimated Responsible Responsible Implementation 28 impacts/Concerns cost institutions for Schedule monitoring 50. Prior to establishment and operation of Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC Prior to facility concrete batching plants and casting yards, cost mobilization. the contractor will obtain the necessary environmental permits. 51. Retention ponds with sufficient Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC Prior to specifications/capacity will be constructed cost commencement of for wastewater from washing of equipment pond works; and such as mixer drums, trucks and chute, and throughout the other sources. construction period until demobilization. 52. Operate and maintain the retention ponds Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC Throughout the use to ensure that effluent quality will meet cost of the pond until applicable standards. demobilization.

53. Equipment service and maintenance yards Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC During the will be provided with impermeable flooring cost establishment of the and collection sump. facility. 54. Water-tight receptacles will be provided in Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC Throughout the all the equipment maintenance shops for cost operation of the waste oil, oily rags, spent oil filters, solvents maintenance shops and oily containers. until demobilization.

55. Disposal of wastes contaminated with Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC During wastes hazardous materials will be through cost disposal activities. authorized waste handlers and recyclers. 56. Refueling and servicing of equipment will only Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC Throughout the be carried out in areas adequately equipped to cost operation of the collect leaks and spills. Drip pans will be used maintenance shops when necessary until demobilization.

57. Fuel and other hazardous materials will be Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC Throughout the stored in a roofed area that has an impervious cost operation of the floor and bund around it. campsite until demobilization. 58. Fuel storage area will be located at least Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC Prior to the 100 meters away from watercourses, flood- cost establishment of the prone areas and workers camps. fuel storage area.

Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Estimated Responsible Responsible Implementation 28 impacts/Concerns cost institutions for Schedule monitoring 59. Availability of spill clean-up materials (e.g., Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC Throughout the absorbent pads, etc.) specifically designed for cost operation of the petroleum products and other hazardous campsite until substances where such materials are being demobilization. stored and used. 60. If spills or leaks of hazardous materials do Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC Immediately during occur, immediate clean-up will be undertaken. cost spills or leaks.

61. Relevant construction personnel will be trained Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC Prior to handling of in handling of fuels/hazardous substances and cost hazardous materials, spill control procedures. etc. 62. All storage containers of hazardous materials Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC Throughout the and wastes will be properly labeled and cost operation of the maintained in good condition. campsite until demobilization. 63. Restoration of temporary work sites will Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC Prior to include removal and treatment or proper cost demobilization. disposal of oil contaminated soils. Loss of vegetation 64. DPWH will obtain a tree cutting permit in Part of Project DPWH ESSD/CSC Prior to tree cutting compliance with PD 705 (Revised Forestry cost activities. Code of the Philippines). No tree cutting will be undertaken without the necessary permit to be issued by the Community Environmental and Natural Resources Office 65.(CENRO) Tree cutting of the can DENR only be undertaken under Part of Project Contractor ESSD/CSC During tree cutting close supervision of CENRO, DPWH and cost activities. CSC staff who will be present at the site 66. Onlythroughout trees marked the duration based of on cutting t he Treeactivities. Chart Contractor ESSD/CSC During tree cutting prepared by the CENRO will be cut. activities.

67. Cut trees will be turned over to the CENRO Contractor ESSD/CSC During and/or after for disposal tree cutting activities.

68. In compliance with DENR Memorandum Order Part of project DPWH ESSD/CSC During and/or after no. 05 of 2012: Uniform Replacement Ratio cost (PhP 5.46M tree cutting activities. for Cut or Relocated Trees, purchase 546,350 estimate) tree seedlings (estimate only) and turn over to the CENRO.

Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Estimated Responsible Responsible Implementation 28 impacts/Concerns cost institutions for Schedule monitoring 69. Ensure that one of their environment Part of Project DPWH/CSC ESSD/CSC During tree cutting specialists and/or that of the supervision cost activities. consultant will closely monitor the tree cutting activities to ensure that these will comply with the provisions of the Tree Cutting Permit and corresponding Tree Chart. 70. As part of the semi-annual environmental DPWH/CSC ESSD/CSC Semi-annual during monitoring report to be submitted to ADB, SEMR preparation DPWH will report on the status of tree cutting, and submission to tree relocation or replacement any ADB. issues/concerns, corresponding actions, growth progress of the replacement of trees 71. Toand avoid other unnecessaryrelevant matters. impacts to vegetation, Contractor ESSD/CSC During tree cutting the contractor will prohibit cutting of trees for activities. firewood and for other uses in the Project and will ensure that tree cutting is limited to areas as approved by the CENRO. Impacts on fauna 72. Prohibit workers from hunting wild animals Contractor ESSD/CSC Duration of the and/or purchasing any wildlife. construction period. 73. As much as possible, bridge works will be Contractor ESSD/CSC During the dry scheduled in dry season to minimize adverse season. impacts to fishery, river water quality and other aquatic resources.

Occupational health 74. Use of personal protective equipment (PPE) Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC Throughout the and safety hazards such as safety shoes, safety hat, goggles, cost construction safety belt, ear protection or other garments duration. or equipment designed to protect the wearer's body from injury will be strictly observed during 75. Provisionconstruction. of Personnelfirst aid kits working that inare batching readily Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC Throughout the availableplants should to workers avoid as directwell as contactaccess to with or cost construction availabilityconstruction of materials, a health worker particularly to attend cement. to any duration. immediate health needs of workers and in case of untoward incidents.

Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Estimated Responsible Responsible Implementation 28 impacts/Concerns cost institutions for Schedule monitoring 76. Conduct orientation for construction workers Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC Prior to work regarding health and safety measures, cost deployment; as emergency response in case of accidents, fire, often as etc., and prevention of HIV/AIDS, COVID-19, necessary. and other related diseases. 77. Comply with government guidelines and Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC Prior to work protocols related to COVID-19. cost deployment; as often as necessary. 78. Installation of adequate drainage in workers Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC During campsite camps to avoid water logging/accumulation of cost establishment. stagnant water and formation of breeding sites for mosquitoes. 79. Provision of separate clean housing with Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC During campsite sufficient ventilation and separate hygienic cost establishment. sanitation facilities for male and female 80. Provisionworkers. of reliable supply of water for Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC During campsite drinking, cooking and washing purposes at cost establishment. the workers’ camps. 81. Proper collection and disposal of solid wastes Part of bid cost Contractor ESSD/CSC During campsite within the workers’/construction camps operation until consistent with local regulations. demobilization. 82. Provision of fire-fighting equipment at the Part of bid cost Contractor ESSD/CSC During campsite work areas, as appropriate, and at workers operation until camps. demobilization. 83. Treatment of wastewater emanating from Part of bid cost Contractor ESSD/CSC During campsite workers camps, construction camps and operation until other project- related activities and facilities demobilization. 84. Useconsistent of reversing with national signals regulations. on all Contractor ESSD/CSC Throughout the construction vehicles. construction period. 85. Regular coordination with local authorities Contractor and ESSD/CSC Throughout the regarding project activities throughout the DPWH construction construction phase to reduce over-all security period. Public health and safety 86. risksInstallation to the project.of sturdy fencing around Part of bid cost Contractor ESSD/CSC During hazards excavation areas and construction sites. excavation works until completion of the activity.

Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Estimated Responsible Responsible Implementation 28 impacts/Concerns cost institutions for Schedule monitoring 87. Provision of proper signage and lighting at Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC Throughout the night at the periphery of the construction site cost construction to warn and direct traffic and pedestrians. period. 88. Deployment of security personnel in Part of bid Contractor ESSD/CSC Throughout the hazardous areas to restrict public access. cost construction period. 89. Imposition of speed limits for construction Contractor ESSD/CSC Throughout the vehicles along residential areas and where construction there are other sensitive receptors period. 90. Orientation of drivers on safe driving Contractor ESSD/CSC Prior to work practices to minimize accidents and to deployment and prevent spill of hazardous substances and throughout the other construction materials during transport. construction period.

Traffic obstruction 91. If necessary, provide safe passageways for Part of bid cost Contractor ESSD/CSC Throughout the pedestrians crossing the construction site. construction activity until completion. 92. At construction areas, provide safe access to Part of bid cost Contractor ESSD/CSC Throughout the farmland and other properties. construction activity until completion. 93. Provide signs advising road users that Part of bid cost Contractor ESSD/CSC Throughout the construction is in progress, particularly in construction areas where the project alignment crosses activity until existing roads and where construction related- completion. facilities are located. 94. Employ flag persons to control traffic when Part of bid cost Contractor ESSD/CSC Throughout the construction equipment is entering or leaving construction the work area. activity until completion. 95. Post traffic advisory signs (to minimize traffic Part of bid cost Contractor ESSD/CSC Throughout the build- up) in coordination with local authorities. construction activity until completion. Accidental discovery 96. Contractor to immediately cease operations at Contractor ESSD/CSC Immediately upon of artefacts the site of discovery. discovery of artefacts. 73

Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Estimated Responsible Responsible Implementation 28 impacts/Concerns cost institutions for Schedule monitoring 97. Contractor to inform the CSC and Contractor ESSD/CSC Immediately upon Environment Officer of the Office of the discovery of District Engineer. artefacts. 98. CSC to relay information to DPWH CSC ESSD/CSC Immediately upon discovery of artefacts. 99. DPWH to notify the National Historical DPWH ESSD/CSC Immediately upon Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) and/or discovery of other concerned government agencies for the artefacts. next steps. 100. Recommence work only after NHCP has Contractor ESSD/CSC Immediately upon provided official notification accordingly. NHCP notification. Damage to properties 101. The contractor will immediately repair and/or Part of bid cost Contractor ESSD/CSC Immediately upon compensate for any damage that it causes to completion of damage properties (houses, farmlands, aquaculture assessment. ponds, irrigation canals, etc.), community facilities such as water supply, power supply, communication facilities and the like. 102. Access roads used for transport of Part of bid cost Contractor ESSD/CSC Throughout the construction materials and other construction- construction period. related activities will be maintained by the Contractor in at least in their pre-project condition for the duration of construction. Unanticipated 103. If any unanticipated impacts become Part of Project cost Contractor, CSC, DPWH Immediately upon environmental impacts apparent during project implementation, the ESSD occurrence of impact. DPWH will update the environmental assessment and EMP or prepare a new environmental assessment and EMP to assess the potential impacts, evaluate the alternatives, and outline mitigation measures and resources to address those impacts. The updated or newly prepared documents will be submitted to ADB for review, clearance and 104. Implementpublic disclosure. measures specified in the new or Part of Project Contractor ESSD/CSC Immediately upon updated environmental assessment and EMP cost completion of to address unanticipated environmental impact assessment impacts.

Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Estimated Responsible Responsible Implementation 28 impacts/Concerns cost institutions for Schedule monitoring Need for additional 105. Implement additional environmental Part of Project Contractor ESSD/CSC Immediately upon environmental mitigation measures, as necessary, to avoid, cost completion of mitigation measures minimize and/or compensate for adverse impact assessment impacts due to construction works and and agreement on related activities performed by the contractor. corrective action. Operation Noise 106. As necessary, install traffic calming measures, Part of Project cost District Engineering DPWH Upon completion e.g., speed bumps in areas where there are Office (DEO) of roadworks. sensitive receptors to further reduce noise levels from passing vehicles. 107. Undertake regular maintenance of pavement Part of Project cost District Engineering DPWH After the defects and traffic management especially near Office (DEO) liability period of receptors to contribute to lower ambient noise the contractor. levels. Road safety hazards 108. Setting up warning and guide signs, arrow Part of Project cost DPWH Upon completion marks and providing delineation lines clearly of roadworks and along the road. during maintenance 109. Provision of traffic signals at key intersections. Part of Project cost DPWH Uponoperation completion if necessary.of roadworks and during maintenance 110. Improved road will have vertical curves that Part of Project DPWH Duringoperation detailed if suit safe design criteria/requirement. cost designnecessary. and construction. 111. Installation of chevron signs where required Part of Project DPWH Upon completion and speed limit signs. cost of roadworks and during maintenance operation if necessary. 112. Road will have improved vertical alignment to Part of Project DPWH During detailed suit sight distance requirement. cost design and construction.

Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Estimated Responsible Responsible Implementation 28 impacts/Concerns cost institutions for Schedule monitoring 113. Installation of guardrails between the road Part of Project DPWH Upon completion and ditches. cost of roadworks and during maintenance if necessary. 114. Prohibit the use of carriageway as parking to Part of Project DPWH Upon completion ensure safe, efficient and smooth vehicular cost of roadworks and flow; coordinate with LGU(s) concerned to during improve enforcement. maintenance if necessary 115. Provision of pedestrian crossing. Part of Project DPWH Upon completion cost of roadworks and during maintenance if necessary 116. Provision of sidewalks and bicycle lanes Part of Project DPWH As specified in where appropriate cost the detailed design. Solid waste build- up 117. Implementation of related mandates with LGU Upon project and shortage of regard to provision of solid waste completion. health/sanitary facilities management, health and sanitary facilities. due to influx of migrants Increase in resource 118. Implementation of related mandates to prevent DENR Upon project use (e.g., tree cutting) or minimize illegal tree cutting and other completion. resource extractive activities (e.g. through close monitoring).

148. Table 255 presents the environmental monitoring activities to be undertaken during various project phases. Monitoring of the contractor’s environmental performance in terms of implementation of mitigation measures for pre-construction and construction phases shall be undertaken by the construction supervision consultant (CSC) and DPWH. CSC shall assist DPWH in preparing semi-annual environmental monitoring reports for submission to ADB and DENR, when required. The monitoring reports shall describe progress with the implementation of the EMP and compliance issues and corrective actions, if any.

149. Certain sections of the IEE indicate that effluent sampling is to be carried out. Compliance to DENR Effluent standards is usually one of the conditions of the ECC. However, the resources to monitor this is usually unavailable especially in rural areas. Additionally, the operations of a stone crushing plant are usually a source of complaints from affected persons. Engaging third party contractors to conduct sampling takes time and hinders the contractor from addressing non-compliances instantaneously. It would also entail significant cost when done regularly. It would be more cost-efficient and will improve performance substantially if equipment is readily available. It would serve well for DPWH and the contractor to procure a portable noise level meter and a portable water analyzer for these. These equipment are available in the market at a reasonable price. If carefully maintained, they can be used for other projects, as well.

Table 25. Environmental Monitoring Program Aspect Means of Monitoring Location/Frequency Responsible for Monitoring Pre-construction 1. Inventory of affected trees ROW inspection and tagging of Entire PR12 DPWH/Contractor trees based on detailed project alignment plans 2. Compliance with government Checking copies of applicable DPWH/CSC requirements prior to start of permits (ECC, tree cutting construction permit, LGU permits)

3. Submission and approval of CEMP Review and clearing of CEMP DPWH, CSC, ADB

4. Updating or validation of sensitive Site inspection Entire PR12 Contractor/DPWH/CSC receptors; also include utility alignment facilities that could be potentially affected 5. Updating of baseline environmental Assessment and surveys Entire PR12 Contractor/DPWH/CSC quality (assess if necessary) alignment

6. Guidelines and protocols on COVID- Review and clearing of the Contractor/DPWH/CSC 19, HIV-AIDS and other infectious guidelines if these are aligned diseases are in place and all workers with Philippine government, are provided briefing and appropriate WHO and other internationally PPEs prior to mobilization. This shall accepted protocols also be included in the CEMP.

Construction

Aspect Means of Monitoring Location/Frequency Responsible for Monitoring 7. Close supervision of the contractor’s As part of day-to-day project Project site and Contractor/DPWH/CSC implementation of mitigation supervision associated measures to minimize or avoid facilities/On-going impacts to air quality (particularly throughout the dust emission), noise, siltation of construction phase surface water and other impacts. 8. Contractor’s environmental Site visit, ocular inspections, Project site and associated DPWH/ESSD/CSC performance and implementation of interviews with local residents, facilities/at least monthly construction phase environmental coordination with concerned during construction mitigation measures specified in barangay/s the IEE/ EMP

9. Dust Visual observation, interviews Monthly DPWH/ESSD/CSC with local residents, coordination with concerned barangay/s 10. Noise Site observation, interviews with Monthly DPWH/ESSD/CSC local residents, coordination with concerned barangay/s 11. Surface water quality Visual observation, interviews Monthly DPWH/ESSD/CSC with local residents, coordination with concerned barangay/s 12. Air quality, noise, water quality Field sampling To validate complaints Contractor under supervision and/or during pollution of ESSD and CSC events that are potentially caused by the project

13. Compliance with ECC requirements Site Inspection and data gathering As required by the ECC Contractor under supervision of ESSD and CSC

Institutional Roles and Responsibilities 150. Overall environmental management of the project will be the responsibility of the Department of Public Works and Highways as executing agency. DPWH will be assisted by the CSC and the contractors will have the primary responsibility to implement the mitigation measures. Table 26 defines the roles and responsibilities of the various units in environmental management. Effective EMP implementation is a joint effort of all key players of the project.

Table 26. Responsibilities for EMP Implementation Agency Responsibility Department of Public • Executing agency with overall responsibility for project Works and Highways construction and operation; (DPWH) • Ensure that sufficient funds are available to properly *Including Region IX implement the EMP; Office and District • Ensure that Project implementation complies with Engineering Office (DEO) Government environmental policies and regulations; • Ensure that the Project, regardless of financing source, complies with the provisions of the EMP and ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 (SPS); • Obtain necessary environmental approval(s) from the Environmental Management Bureau and/or other concerned government agencies prior to commencement of civil works; • Ensure that tender and contract documents for design, supervision and civil works include the relevant EMP requirements; • Establish information on an environmental grievance redress mechanism, as described in the IEE, to receive and facilitate resolution of affected peoples' concerns; and • Submit semi-annual monitoring reports on EMP implementation to ADB. DPWH-Unified Project • Project management office with direct responsibility for the Management implementation of civil works, engineering designs and Office (UPMO), Roads project coordination; Management • Ensure that EMP design measures are incorporated in the Cluster II (RMC-II) detailed design; • Ensure that EMP provisions are strictly implemented and monitored during various project phases (design/pre- construction, construction and operation) to mitigate environmental impacts to acceptable levels; • Ensure compliance with environmental permits; and • Include relevant provisions of the EMP in the bid and contract documents for design, civil works and supervision. • Coordinate with DENR-EMB, Local Government Units (LGU), and other concerned agencies related to environmental aspects for maintaining project`s compliance with environmental permits. Environmental and Social • Assist the UPMO-RMC II and CSC in undertaking their Safeguards Department environment-related tasks. (ESSD) of DPWH

Agency Responsibility Detailed Engineering • Incorporate into the project design the environmental Design (DED) Consultant protection and mitigation measures identified in the EMP for the design/pre-construction stage; and • Assist PMO to ensure that all relevant mitigation and monitoring measures from the EMP are incorporated in the bidding and contract documents for project supervision and civil works. Construction Supervision • Prior to establishment of contractor’s facilities and Consultant (CSC) commencement of civil works, undertake review of specific environmental management plans (e.g., Consultant (CSC) spoils disposal plan, facilities development plan, etc.) to be prepared by contractors to ensure that such plans are consistent with the provisions of the EMP. • Engage environment specialists who will undertake supervision and monitoring of EMP implementation and contractor’s environmental performance; • As part of day-to-day project supervision, closely supervise the contractor’s implementation of mitigation measures specified in the EMP; • Undertake regular monitoring (at least monthly) of contractor’s environmental performance and over-all implementation of the EMP; • Prepare semi-annual environmental monitoring reports on status of EMP implementation for submission to DPWH; • Based on the results of EMP monitoring, identify environmental corrective actions and prepare a corrective action plan, as necessary, for submission to ADB Contractors • Recruit qualified environmental and safety officer to ensure compliance with environmental statutory requirements, contractual obligations and EMP provisions; • Provide sufficient funding and human resources for proper and timely implementation of required mitigation and monitoring measures in the EMP; and • Implement additional environmental mitigation measures, as necessary, to avoid, minimize and/or compensate for adverse impacts due to construction works and related activities performed by the contractor. Asian Development Bank • Conduct periodic site visits to assess status of EMP (ADB) implementation and over-all environmental performance of the Project; • Review environmental monitoring reports submitted by the executing agency to ensure that adverse impacts and risks are properly addressed; and • Publicly disclose through posting on ADB’s website environmental monitoring reports, corrective action plans, prepared by the executing agency during project implementation.

Reporting

151. Throughout the construction period, the contractor will submit monthly progress reports that includes EMP implementation progress to CSC and DPWH. CSC will validate the contractor’s report through its own monitoring activities. The major issues in the monthly reports supplemented by CSC’s own findings, will be compiled into a semi-annual environmental monitoring report (SEMR) that DPWH will submit to the ADB. The SEMR will highlight a summary of the progress of construction, results of site inspections, progress made in EMP implementation, status of compliance with Government’s environmental regulatory requirements and other clearances, record of community complaints, unforeseen environmental impacts and suggested remedial actions. The SEMR will be submitted every 31 July for the January to June reporting period, and every 31 January of the following year for the July to December reporting period. The SEMR will be disclosed on ADB’s web site.

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VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

152. A subproject-specific grievance redress mechanism (GRM) will be established at the DPWH District Engineering Office (DEO) before the start of construction, to receive, evaluate and facilitate the complaints/grievances of affected persons on the sub-project’s environmental performance. This mechanism will be disclosed to the host communities prior to commencement of site works. Contact information on how to access the GRM will be included in project information billboards.

153. The District Engineer will appoint an Environment Officer and will establish the Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) to be chaired by the DPWH District Engineer. Members will include the following: (i) the contractor’s highest official at the site such as the Construction Manager or the Construction Superintendent; (ii) Barangay Chairperson; and (iii) Environment Specialist of the Construction Supervision Consultant. For the quick filing of complaints, the DGRC will use the grievance intake form appended in the IEE. The DEO’s Environment Officer will be responsible for the registration of grievances and communication with the aggrieved party. To facilitate addressing complaints, the contractor will be required to provide contact details of its representative(s) on site in its campsite offices and in project billboards that will be erected at the starting point of the project. The billboard shall likewise include the contact details of DPWH representatives in the event complaints are not readily addressed by the contractor on-site.

154. The steps to be followed in filing complaints and the procedures for redress are the following: a. complainant will provide the background and file the complaint directly either verbally or in writing to the on-site contractor representative(s), and Barangay through its officials for immediate corrective action; b. the contractor(s) representative is then required to act immediately on valid complaints and record such complaints in a complaints registry that must be maintained on site; c. complaints that cannot be immediately attended to by the Contractor shall be filed either verbally or writing to the DEO, and or the DEO’s Environment Officer who will assist the complainant in filling-up the grievance intake form; d. within 2 working days, the Environment Officer, contractor’s representative, and complainant will discuss if the complaint can be resolved without calling for a GRC meeting; e. within 3 days of lodging the complaint, the DEO’s Environment Officer will provide the complainant a written feedback on the process, steps and timeframe for resolving the complaint. f. if the complaint cannot be resolved, a GRC meeting with the complainant will be called within 5 working days; g. the GRC will have 15 days to resolve the complaint; h. the complainant will receive feedback from the DEO’s Environment Officer within 5 working days after the various steps of the GRM are completed. i. if unsatisfied with the decision, the existence of the GRC will not impede the complainant's access to the Government's judicial, administrative remedies or through concerned government agencies (e.g., Community Environment and Natural Resources Office and Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office of DENR, Regional offices of the Environmental Management Bureau.

155. The GRC will receive, follow-up and prepare monthly reports on all complaints, disputes or questions received about the Project and corresponding actions taken to resolve the issues. These reports will be included in the semi-annual environmental monitoring reports to be submitted by DPWH to ADB.

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IX. CONCLUSION

156. The project will improve and widen an existing national secondary road. Results of the initial environmental examination show that the project will not cause significant environmental impacts. Adverse impacts that will be experienced during site works are mainly due to dust and noise emissions as well as potential occupational and community health and safety risks. Road widening will entail tree cutting and this will be coordinated with the DENR for validation and compensated with approximately 546,350 tree seedlings to be contributed by the project to the country’s National Greening Program. This complies with DENR’s requirements. The alignment does not pass through legally protected areas, critical habitats or high biodiversity sites and significant adverse ecological impacts are not anticipated.

157. Identified environmental impacts are temporary during construction. To mitigate negative impacts arising from the Project, an environmental management plan (EMP) detailing mitigation measures, monitoring activities and responsibilities for implementation has been prepared as part of the IEE. A monitoring program is included in the EMP to monitor the implementation of mitigation measures and monitor their adequacy so that corrective actions may be proposed when necessary.

158. Public consultations involving affected people and local officials have been conducted during the preparation of the IEE in accordance with the PEISS and ADB’s information disclosure and consultation requirements. DPWH will include the EMP in the bid and tender documents for civil works to ensure that the Project will be carried out consistent with the EMP requirements and adequate resources are allocated. During construction, DPWH will be assisted by the construction supervision consultant who will also undertake monitoring of the environmental performance of contractors.

159. Should there be significant changes in the project design or the scope of work, the IEE, environmental assessment and EMP will be updated or a new IEE and EMP will be prepared to assess the potential impacts, evaluate the alternatives, and outline mitigation measures and resources to address those impacts. The updated or newly prepared documents will be submitted to ADB for review, clearance and public disclosure.

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Appendix 1. Road Construction Methodology PR 12: Curuan-Sibuco Road

The contractor has the freedom to use its construction methodology with the equipment and manpower he has which is part of his bidding documents submitted.

1. Preparatory Works. The contractor will select the location of the campsite and quarry sites and shall be approved by the Engineer on site. Campsite sites should at least 500 meter away from the sensitive receptors like schools, residential houses, church, etc. Batching Plants and Crusher Plants should secure ECC and all other permits required prior to its operation. Disposal sites shall be identified and approved by the Engineer prior to earth moving activities. Permit to cut trees shall also be secured prior to removal of trees within the construction limits. As-staked survey will be conducted by the contractor prior to civil works activities to determine the construction limits, vertical/horizontal controls, actual elevations, quantify the excess materials among others.

2. Earthworks activities. Clearing and Grubbing is about removing, and disposing all vegetation and debris, except those that are designated to remain in place within the construction limits inside 20-m right- of-way limits shall be provided with stakes as reference in determining the vertical/horizontal control. Trees within the construction limits shall be cut prior to clearing and grubbing activities. For road carriageway, bulldozer shall be used to attain the maximum efficiency, while the backhoe shall be used along the side ditches and/or edges of the construction limit. Haul the excavated materials to the designated approved disposal area and good materials shall be hauled to the stockpile of the contractor. Clearing shall extend one (1) meter beyond the toe of the fill slopes or beyond rounding of cut slopes for the entire length and provided it is within the right of way limits of the project.

3. Removal of existing structures and any obstructions such as Pavement, Sidewalks, Curbs, etc. shall be broken into pieces, the size of which shall not exceed 300 mm in any dimension. All salvageable material shall be removed, without unnecessary damage, in sections or pieces which shall be transported and stored into the approved disposal sites.

4. Excavation Works. During the conduct of As-staked Survey, actual elevations are identified, If unsuitable materials are encountered, excavate the roadway up to the stable soil. Quantify the volume of the unsuitable materials and conduct testing for such materials for record purposes. All suitable materials removed from the excavation shall be used as materials for embankment, subgrade, bedding, backfill, etc. as recommended by the Materials Engineer and approved by the Engineer on-site. Unsuitable materials will be transported to the approved disposal sites.

5. Installation of cross drains and trenches. On the identified location of cross drains, excavation shall be done to a width provided in the design plans. In the installation of the pipes and storm drains, the beddings of the pipes shall be compacted to allow proper joining of the conduit and shall be provided with grouts for the collars. Pipe culverts are laid below existing ground level, filled with suitable materials on top and compacted in accordance to the design specifications. Below is the table for the location of cross drains of PR 12: Curuan-Sibuco Road project:

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6. Grouted Riprap. On areas identified with soil erosion, grouted riprap is necessary to prevent the soils to collapse during rains. Usually located on the edge of the road drainage to avoid soil erosion. The bed for grouted riprap shall be excavated to the required depths and to the desired slope properly compacted, trimmed and shaped. Stones are laid by hand and shall be firmly bedded into the slope and against adjoining stones. Grout shall be placed from bottom to top of the surface swept with swift broom. The competed surface shall be cured. Below is the table for the location of grouted riprap for the slope protection of PR 12: Curuan-Sibuco Road project:

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7. Stone Masonry. After earth movement to attain the desired width of the roadway and drainage section, on the mountainous part of the road, the stability of the soil is no longer guaranteed. The exposed side shall be stabilized in the construction of Stone masonry, also known as “gravity walls”. Excavate the trench to the required depth and/or at the stable foundation of the stone masonry structure. Pour concrete mortar on the trench before laying the first layer of stones/boulders for the foundation. Immediately after being laid, and while the mortar is fresh, all face stones shall be thoroughly cleaned of mortar stains and shall be kept clean until the work is completed. Below is the table for the location of stone masonry for the slope protection of PR 12: Curuan-Sibuco Road project:

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8. Bioengineering. During the conduct of clearing and grubbing in the mountainous areas, earth activities are done by the backhoe until the desired width of the construction limits are attained thus, the aesthetic view of the mountain are disturbed and earth materials are exposed. To restore the stability of the exposed earth materials, one of the recommended mitigating measures is bioengineering by the installation of coco net fiber with coco logs. The coco fiber has seeds, once weathered the seeds will sprout and will grow into weeds or trees. Other exposed earth areas will be planted with vetiver grass. The roots of the vetiver grass will interlocked to prevent soil erosion. The following are the location of the coco net fiber and the plantation of the vetiver grass:

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9. Embankment. During the As-staking, the actual elevations are determined as shown on the Plans. Compaction trials (10m x 50m) shall be carried out by the contractor. Spread the material in horizontal layers not exceeding 200 mm (loose measurement) with appropriate crown/cross slope to ensure proper draining of surface water when it rains. Compaction shall be done by rolling using a vibratory road roller with a minimum weight of 10 tons.

10. Subgrade Preparation shall be done after the cross drains, ditches, drains and drainage outlets, including the fully compacted backfill, shall be completed prior to the preparation of the subgrade. The succeeding structural layers shall proceed immediately after the preparation of the subgrade. Rolling/ compaction operation shall progress gradually from the sides to the center, parallel to the center of the road and shall continue until the whole surface has been rolled up.

11. Aggregate Subbase Course. After the preparation of the subgrade, the next layer will be the aggregate base course. Provide blue-top at every 20 meters interval (marked staked) for vertical control reference and to be placed along the side of the roadway or permanent structures within the road traverse. Laying and spreading shall be done using a road grader on a prepared subgrade in a quantity which will provide the required compacted thickness. Appropriate crown slope/cross slope shall be maintained during laying and spreading operation to ensure proper draining when rain occurs.

12. Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP): Before concrete paving operation start considering that the road foundation are properly prepared, check over the job to determine the adequacy of the following details: a. Condition of subbase or base course as to compaction and geometric control; b. Working condition of major equipment such as concrete i. paver, concrete batching plant, transit mixers, concrete vibrator and screeder; c. Number and types of hand and finishing tools; d. Provision for curing; and e. Number of workers to place, finish and cure the concrete

Concrete shall be thoroughly consolidated along faces of all forms by means of vibrators inserted in the concrete in a vertical position. No spillage of fresh concrete cement should be visible on the water bodies nearby the construction site. The newly poured concrete pavement shall be protected against rain by means of covering materials, and protect against traffic by posting warning signs, lights, signages and reflectorized thermoplastic pavement markings.

13. Guardrails These are installed to restrain and guide an out-of-control vehicle in a manner that will cause the least damage and not create undue hazard to other vehicles. Posts shall be set vertically and where embedded in a concrete foundation block. Backfilling of the space around the post shall be done and each layer shall be moistened and thoroughly compacted. Check that the guardrail elements are lapped accordingly so that the exposed ends will not face the approaching traffic.

14. Drainage Structures. As provided in the design plan, locations of the drainage are provided on areas prone to flooding specially on areas that are densely populated with residential houses. The following are the identified areas with drainage.

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15. Bridge Construction. The bridge construction is PCDG, Prestressed Concrete Deck Girder. Pier, Deck Girder and other accessories of the bridge are pre-casted in the contractor’s depot. The confirmatory bore holes, 5m below the tip of the piles on the identified locations of the piers shall be done prior to the erection of the piles. Locations of the two (2) bridges are the following:

1 Curuan Bridge 39.833 2 Sibuco Bridge 30.9

Existing bridge and other construction shall be removed in accordance to Item 101a. Substructure of existing bridge shall be demolished and cut to 500 mm below the finish grade or the natural ground surface if the finish grade is not given.

The construction of the substructure will now commence, to wit: a. Pile driving. The pre-casted piles will be erected using pile hammer until the required penetration is attained. The location of the bridges are not located in a densely populated area, thus the noise generated during the pile driving is no longer an issue in rural setting. b. Capping of the erected piles. After the piles are erected, the contractor will now proceed in the capping of the piles based of the specifications/design plans. c. Girders d. The girders of the bridge will be precasted at the depot of the contractor. After step b has been completed, the contractor will now proceed on the launching of the girders of the bridge. e. Abutment 1 and 2 i. The abutment of the bridge is located before the approaches 1 and 2, where all the piers are anchored here including the wingwall of the bridge. This is constructed on site, starting with the formworks, rebars until it is poured by fresh cement. Thrush materials should not be left at the construction site. f. Flooring of the Bridges i. After satisfying all the provisions in the design plan and specifications, the Engineer on site will give the approval for the next step. The contractor may use steel casting on the flooring of the bridge, and proceed with the rebars of the flooring of the bridge. g. Pouring of the concrete cement i. Prior to the pouring of the cement on the flooring of the pavement of the bridge, the contractor will request a pouring request from the Engineer. The contractor will see to it that no spillage of the concrete cement onto the water bodies. The construction methodology shall be approved by the Engineer on site. h. Accessories of the bridge i. The construction/installation of all other accessories of the bridge will be the contractor’s methodology, they might be pre-casted at their depot or casted on site. If casted on site, excess materials should not be thrown to water bodies and no thrush are left on site. Spillage of concrete cement should be avoided to prevent contamination of the sea water. i. Approaches of the bridge i. The approaches of the bridge are included in the road construction

16. RCBC, Reinforced Concrete Box Culvert, Candiis RCBC located in K1902+202– K1902+217 The height of the RCBC is 5.5 meters. a. Preparation of the site. Removal of the existing structures b. Excavation. A backhoe will be used in the excavation of the soil materials. Unsuitable materials will be hauled to the designated disposal sites. c. Base of the RCBC. The beddings of the RCBC shall be compacted to get an even base support of the RCBC. d. Rebars. Installation of the rebars of the RCBC. The Engineer will see to it that the spacing provided in the design plan are followed. e. Formworks. Installation of formworks to attain the required width and thickness of the structural concrete. f. Other accessories. The wingwalls of the RCBC is also provided based on the design plan of the RCBC. g. Pouring of Cement. Upon the approval of the Engineer, the contractor would not request a pouring permit of the structure. No spillage of fresh cement shall be allowed to scatter on the project site or into the water bodies surrounding the area.

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Appendix 2. Species, Conservation Status and Number of Trees to be Cut

Initial Environmental Examination – PR 12 101

Conservation Status Municipality/Barangay PR-12 [CURUAN-SIBUCO ROAD] PROJECT No. Scientific Name Local Name Common Name IUCN Red NLTPP AFFECTED TREES AND CROPS List (2017) (2017) CULAGUAN CURUAN LUNDAY PULIRAN 2 - BALIMBINGON - 0 5 2 0 3 - DANLUGAN DANLOGAN 0 7 5 0 4 - GIBO MALA BOKADO/ MALA TISA/BIBO/MALAMANGA/BEBO 1 26 9 0 5 - HAMBABALUD NANGILA/NANGICA/TAGO- ILIS/ HAMBABALOT 8 4 25 0 6 ACACIA MANGIUM MANGUIM - 1 19 27 0 7 AGATHIS SALONG ALMACIGA VU VU 2 1 0 0 PHILIPPINENSIS 8 ALBIZIA SAPONARIA SALINGKUGI MARATEKKA / SALING LC 0 17 0 0 KAPAW/ UGA UGA 9 ALSTONIA DITA DEVIL'S TREE/ BITA LC 0 0 19 0 SCHOLARIS 10 ANTIDESMA INYAM - 1 0 0 0 11 ARENGA PINNATA KAONG PALM TREE 0 21 3 0 12 ARISTOLOCHIA BARUBO PUSO-PUSOAN PHILIPPINENSIS 0 1 0 0 WARB. 13 ARTOCARPUS ANTIPOLO TIPOLO VU 4 83 67 0 BLANCOI 16 BORASSUS PALMIRA COCONUT DWARF 0 1 0 0 FLABELLIFER 19 CANANGA ODORATA ILANG-ILANG PERFUME TREE / LANGILAN 0 3 2 0 20 CARYOTA MITIS PUGAHAN BATO/ IDJOK LC 0 0 1 0 22 CEIBA PENTANDRA DOL-DOL COTTONWOOD / COTTON LC 0 2 2 0 TREE 24 CLEISTANTHUS BANITLONG - 5 26 43 0 PILOSUS 25 CORDIA DICHOTOMA ANONANG - 0 10 2 0 FORST. F. 26 CORYPHA UTAN LAM. BULI BURI / MARIA BUCOG / 2 9 5 0 MALASANTOL / BOLE 27 CRATOXYLON ULINGON GUYONG-GUYONG 2 3 0 0 SUMATRANUM

Initial Environmental Examination – PR 12 102

Conservation Status Municipality/Barangay PR-12 [CURUAN-SIBUCO ROAD] PROJECT No. Scientific Name Local Name Common Name IUCN Red NLTPP AFFECTED TREES AND CROPS List (2017) (2017) CULAGUAN CURUAN LUNDAY PULIRAN 28 CRATOXYLON OLINGON PANAGULINGON/ SUMATRANUM (JACK) TAGULINGAN 0 11 1 0 BLUME 29 CYCAS RUMPHII PITOGO - NT 0 1 0 0 30 DALBERGIA RETUSA PALO NEGRO PAU PRETO VU 0 2 5 0 31 DIOSPYROS BLANCOI MABOLO KAMAGONG VU 0 0 1 0 32 DIPTEROCARPUS APITONG HAPITONG EN VU 2 12 10 0 GRANDIFLORUS 33 DUABANGA LUKTOB KADIR/ LAJOK 0 0 4 0 MOLUCANA 34 ELAEIS GUINEENSIS PALM OIL KELAPISAWIT/ PALM OIL LC 0 0 1 0 TREE 35 ERYTHRINA DAP-DAP - LC 0 0 0 0 VARIEGATA 36 FAGRAEA RACEMOSA MALAMBUAYA - 0 29 1 0 37 FICUS CALLOSA LIGUANES TAL-OT / PALOY SAPA/ TALOOT / HINDANG / PALO 2 10 12 0 IGUANA/ TABIGIH 38 FICUS CARICA IBOS IGOS/ IBUS LC 0 1 3 0 39 FICUS ELASTICA BALETE FIG TREE 8 13 6 0 ROXB. EX HORNEM. 40 FICUS HAUILI BIANCO LAGNOB UMILING 3 26 4 0 41 FICUS LYRATA TUBOG WILD FIGS/ ROBLIS/ NATUTUA/ TUBOK / BANDOG 12 36 21 0 42 FICUS MINAHASSAE HAGIMIT ALOMIT/ IS-IS/ PALOSAPA 47 92 94 2 TESYM. & DE VR. 43 GARDENIA MALATAMBIS MALABAYABAS 0 2 21 0 PSEUDOPSIDIUM 44 GARUGA BOGHO BOGO 0 0 1 0 FLORIBUNDA DECNE 46 GLIRICIDIA SEPIUM MADRE DE QUICKSTICK CACAO 1 1 0 0 47 GLOCHIDION BONOT - BUNOD-BUNOD CAMIGUINESE BONOT 0 11 3 0

Initial Environmental Examination – PR 12 103

Conservation Status Municipality/Barangay PR-12 [CURUAN-SIBUCO ROAD] PROJECT No. Scientific Name Local Name Common Name IUCN Red NLTPP AFFECTED TREES AND CROPS List (2017) (2017) CULAGUAN CURUAN LUNDAY PULIRAN 48 GLOCHIDION BAGNA - 2 0 8 1 TRAINDRUM 49 GMELINA ELLIPTICA GMELINA - LC 148 224 70 21 SM. 50 GMELINA ELLIPTICA WILDLINGS - LC SM. (GMELINA) 1 1 0 0 51 GONOCARYUM ANILAO SAGIMSIM/ TUNGILAW / ANIT / CALLERYANUM SIAPAW / SHAPAW / 55 107 51 0 LANGILAO 52 HERITIERA JAVANICA LUMBAYAO - 0 6 0 0 53 HEVEA BRASILIENSIS RUBBER TREE - 37 450 808 0 54 HIBISCUS GUMAMELA - 1 0 0 0 55 HIBISCUS MUTABILIS AMAPOLA AMAPOLA 0 0 7 0 57 LAGERSTROEMIA BANABA BUGAROM SPECIOSA (L.) PERS. 0 0 16 0 58 LAPORTEA ALINGATONG LIPA 0 4 0 0 MEYENIANA WARB. 59 LEUCAENA IPIL-IPIL LOYLOI 31 129 31 3 LEUCOCEPHALA 60 LIRIODENDRON AMERICAN FIDDLETREE LC TULIPIFERA TULIP TREE 0 4 0 0 LITSEA BACAN - 2 36 72 1 PHILIPPINENSIS 61 LUMNITZERA AMPION WHITE FLOWER LC 0 3 0 0 RACEMOSA MANGROVE/KULASI 62 MACARANGA BINUÑGA ALIMBUNGA/ LIMBUNGA TANARIUS (LINN.) 78 118 62 4 MUELL.-ARG 63 MANGIFERA AN-AN MANGGA-MANGGA EN VU 0 1 0 0 MONANDRA 64 MELANOLEPIS ALOM ALUM LC 8 84 30 4 MULTIGLANDULOSA 65 MELIA DUBIA CAV. BAGALÑGA MALUNGGAIAN/ MALAIBAH 0 5 0 0

Initial Environmental Examination – PR 12 104

Conservation Status Municipality/Barangay PR-12 [CURUAN-SIBUCO ROAD] PROJECT No. Scientific Name Local Name Common Name IUCN Red NLTPP AFFECTED TREES AND CROPS List (2017) (2017) CULAGUAN CURUAN LUNDAY PULIRAN 66 MIMUSOPS BANSALAGON BANSALAGIN / MAGLARINO 0 5 8 0 PARVIFOLIA R. BR. 67 MORINDA CHACHUCA BANGKORO BANGKUDO 0 15 6 1 BUCH.-HAM 68 NAUCLEA BANGKAL - 1 8 7 0 ORIENTALIS L. 70 PARASERIANTHES FALCATA - 2 160 120 0 FALCATARIA 72 PEPEROMIA SINAW-SINAW BAYANTI 0 2 0 0 PELLUCIDA 72 PIPER ABBREVIATUM BUYO-BUYO ALAPAPAN/ BANUYO 0 3 0 0 OPIZ 73 PIPTURUS HANDALAMAY DALUNOT 0 0 2 0 ARBORESCENS 74 POLYALTHIA INDIAN TREE ASOKA TREE 0 1 0 0 LONGIFOLIA 75 PREMNA ODORATA ALAGAW ALAGAU / ABGAO / ABGAU 1 0 0 0 76 PRUNUS SERRULATA CHERRY - BLOSSOM 0 14 2 0 77 PTEROCARPUS NARRA - EN VU 2 42 5 0 INDICUS 79 PTEROSPERMUM BAYOG BAYONG 2 15 0 0 ACERIFOLIUM 80 QUERCUS HAGDAN- BINGLIW LC ELLIPSOIDALIS OWAK 6 20 0 2 81 RHODODEN DREN BINAO BINAW-BINAW 0 2 0 0 ARBOREM 82 SAMANEA SAMAN AKASYA - LC 0 2 0 0 (JACQ.) MERR. 83 SERENOA REPENS GREEN PALM - 0 1 0 0 84 SHOREA ASTYLOSA YAKAL SUPA CR CR 0 3 2 0 85 SHOREA CONTORTA LAUAN APNIT / LAWAAN CR VU 2 69 53 0 87 SHOREA TANGUILE RED LAUAN CR VU 0 0 1 0 POLYSPERMA

Initial Environmental Examination – PR 12 105

Conservation Status Municipality/Barangay PR-12 [CURUAN-SIBUCO ROAD] PROJECT No. Scientific Name Local Name Common Name IUCN Red NLTPP AFFECTED TREES AND CROPS List (2017) (2017) CULAGUAN CURUAN LUNDAY PULIRAN 89 SPATHODEA SIRIT-SIRIT AFRICAN TULIP/ SUMPIT LC 0 65 0 0 CAMPANULATA 70 SPONDIAS PINNATA ALAMBIHOD LIBAS/ BAGO 0 2 7 0 71 SWIETENIA MAHOGANY BIG LEAF MAHOGANY / VU 141 1402 270 8 MAHOGANI MAHON 72 TERMINALIA TALISAY TROPICAL ALMOND 0 11 1 0 CATAPPA 74 TREMA ORIENTALIS HANADGONG ANABIONG 36 29 26 5 BLUME 75 TULIPA TULIP - 0 14 0 0 76 VITEX NEGUNDO LAGUNDI - LC 0 0 1 0 77 VITEX PARVIFLORA MOLAVE TOGAS/ TUGAS VU EN 0 79 22 0 83 - BOSYONG - 0 1 0 0 84 - BULONGANON - 0 0 13 0 87 - CASTAÑA - 0 2 0 0 89 Dracontomelon dao DALID DAO VU (Blanco) Merr. & Rolfe 1 0 0 0 90 - GUINOMAN GUINOMAN 0 1 0 0 93 - KOBI - 0 0 3 0 94 - KUBI KUBE 0 1 0 0 95 - LATON - 0 0 2 0 96 - MAGTALISAY 0 4 0 0 97 - NANGKA- KUBE NANGKA 0 1 0 0 98 - NOVA 0 1 0 0 99 - OLAYAN ULAYAN 0 0 12 0 100 - PALO TIONGO BUYO-BUYO 0 0 10 0 104 Aftelia rhomboidea TINDALO - EN 0 1 0 0 (Blanco) S.Vidal 105 - TUBA-TUBA - 0 1 0 0 106 - TULOG-TULOG FERN 0 1 0 0

Initial Environmental Examination – PR 12 106

Initial Environmental Examination – PR 12 107

Appendix 3. List of Sensitive Receptors by Barangay along PR 12

APPROXIMATE RECEPTOR LOCATION (CHAINAGE) DISTANCE (m) FROM EDGE OF ROAD

BGY. CURUAN, ZAMBOANGA CITY RESIDENTIAL AREA 1891+050 - 209.5 7.25 - 8.25 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1891+240 - 291 4.25 - 7.25 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1891+310 - 433 5.75 - 8.25 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1891+477-550 3.25 - 7.45 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1891+754 - 824 1.75 - 5.25 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1891+826 - 931 3.25 - 6.25 GROTTO 1891+870 4 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1892+148-163 6.25 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1892+195 -233 3.25 - 7.25 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1892+260 - 380 4.25 - 7.75 DAYCARE CENTER sta.1892+320 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1892+510 - 540 5.25 - 7.25 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1892+593 - 598 1.25 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1892+700 4.85 CATHOLIC CHURCH sta.1892+780 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1892+800 - 820 5.25 PRESA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 1892+920 - 1893+020 4.25 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1893+040 - 140 5.25 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1893+200 - 320 1.25 - 5.25 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1893+847 - 920 7.25 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1894+020 5.25 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1894+120 - 137 7.25 - 8.25 CENTER HALL 1894+135 8.25 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1894+220 - 280 4.95 - 7.55 WATER REFILLING STATION 1894+960 3.25 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1894+740 - 812 5.25 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1894+910 - 923 4.75 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1895+100 - 140 7.25 GROTTO 1895 + 920 4.25 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1897+600 - 900 7.25 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1900-130 4.25 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1900-360 - 660 2.25 - 7.25 BGY. PROPERTY - DAY CARE CENTER 1900 + 600 4.75 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1901+120 - 164 4.25 - 7.25 CAMP PILAR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 1901+180 - 200 1.25 - 4.75 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1902+500 - 580 5.25 - 7.25 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1905+263 1.25 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1906+320 3.65 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1906+850 4.25

Initial Environmental Examination – PR 12 108

RESIDENTIAL AREA 1907+960 - 1908+150 4.25 - 6.25 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1908+460 4.25 - 6.25 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1908+500-520 6.25 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1909+407 0.28 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1909+580-684 5.25 - 7.25 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1909+720-806 4.25 - 7.75 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1910+000 7.25

BGY. LUNDAY, SIBUCO RESIDENTIAL AREA 1910+688 3.75 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1910+960 2.25 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1911+700-708 4.25 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1912+840 4.25

BGY. CULAGUAN, SIBUCO RESIDENTIAL AREA 1915+680 4.25 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1919+500-570 4.25 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1919+560-655 4.25 - 6.25 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1919+854-1920+180 4.25 - 6.25 MOSQUE 1920 + 100 5.25 BGY. PULIRAN, SIBUCO MULTIPURPOSE HALL 1921+740 8.25 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1922+580 6.25 MOSQUE (UNDER CONSTRUCTION) 1922 + 600 5.25 RESIDENTIAL AREA 1923+100-520 4.25 - 6.25 MULTIPURPOSE HALL 1923 + 300 6.55 PULIRAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 1923+540 3.25 - 6.25

Initial Environmental Examination – PR 12 109

Appendix 4. Grievance Intake Form

Initial Environmental Examination – PR 12 110

Initial Environmental Examination – PR 12 111

Appendix 5. Project Semi-Annual Environmental Monitoring Report Outline

1. Outline of a Project Environmental Progress and Monitoring Report

1. The borrower/client is required to prepare periodic monitoring reports that describe progress with implementation of the project EMP and compliance issues and corrective actions. A sample outline which can be adapted as necessary is provided below. Not all sections will be relevant in all cases. Ranking systems for compliance, mitigation effectiveness, etc., are indicative examples only, and should be modified as appropriate.

1. Introduction 1.1. Report Purpose 1.2. Project Implementation Progress

2. Incorporation of Environmental Requirements into Project Contractual Arrangements Manner by which EMP requirements are incorporated into contractual arrangements, such as with contractors or other parties.

3. Summary of Environmental Mitigations and Compensation Measures Implemented Based on EMP; may include measures related to air quality, water quality, noise quality, pollution prevention, biodiversity and natural resources, health and safety, physical cultural resources, capacity building, and others.

4. Summary of Environmental Monitoring 4.1. Compliance Inspections (if relevant) 4.1.1. Summary of Inspection Activities 4.1.2. Mitigation Compliance29 4.1.3. Mitigation Effectiveness30

4.2. Emission Discharge (Source) Monitoring Program (if relevant)

29 Overall compliance with mitigation implementation requirements could be described in qualitative terms or be evaluated based on a ranking system, such as the following: 1. Very Good (all required mitigations implemented) 2. Good (the majority of required mitigations implemented) 3. Fair (some mitigations implemented) 4. Poor (few mitigations implemented) 5. Very Poor (very few or no mitigations implemented) Additional explanatory comments should be provided as necessary.

30 Effectiveness of mitigation implementation could be described in qualitative terms or be evaluated based on a ranking system, such as the following: 1. Very Good (mitigations are fully effective) 2. Good (mitigations are generally effective) 3. Fair (mitigations are partially effective) 4. Poor (mitigations are generally ineffective) 5. Very Poor (mitigations are completely ineffective) Additional explanatory comments should be provided as necessary.

Initial Environmental Examination – PR 12 112

4.2.1. Summary of Monitoring 4.2.2. Results 4.2.3. Assessment31

4.3. Ambient Monitoring Program (if relevant) 4.3.1. Summary of Monitoring 4.3.2. Results 4.3.3. Assessment32

5. Key Environmental Issues 5.1.1. Key Issues Identified 5.1.2. Action Taken 5.1.3. Additional Action Required

6. Conclusion 6.1. Overall Progress of Implementation of Environmental Management Measures33 6.2. Problems Identified and Actions Recommended

Appendices 1. Site Inspection / Monitoring Reports 2. Ambient Monitoring Results 3. Photographs 4. Others

31 Discharge levels should be compared to the relevant discharge standards and/or performance indicators noted in the EMP. Any exceedances should be highlighted for attention and follow-up. In addition, discharge levels could be compared to baseline conditions (if baseline data is available) and described in qualitative terms or be evaluated based on a ranking system, such as the following: 1. Very Good (overall conditions are generally improved) 2. Good (conditions are maintained or slightly improved) 3. Fair (conditions are unchanged) 4. Poor (conditions are moderately degraded) 5. Very Poor (conditions are significantly degraded) Additional explanatory comments should be provided as necessary.

32 Ambient environmental conditions should be compared to the relevant ambient standards and/or performance indicators noted in the EMP. Any exceedances should be highlighted for attention and follow-up. In addition, ambient environmental conditions could be compared to the baseline conditions (if baseline data is available) and described in qualitative terms or be evaluated based on a ranking system, such as the following: 1. Very Good (overall conditions are generally improved) 2. Good (conditions are maintained or slightly improved) 3. Fair (conditions are unchanged) 4. Poor (conditions are moderately degraded) 5. Very Poor (conditions are significantly degraded) Additional explanatory comments should be provided as necessary.

33 Overall sector environmental management progress could be described in qualitative terms or be evaluated based on a ranking system, such as the following: 1. Very Good 2. Good 3. Fair 4. Poor 5. Very Poor Additional explanatory comments should be provided as necessary.

Initial Environmental Examination – PR 12 113

Initial Environmental Examination – PR 12 114