Blera Eoa (Stackelberg, 1928), En Ny Stubb-Blomfluga För Europa (Diptera, Syrphidae)

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Blera Eoa (Stackelberg, 1928), En Ny Stubb-Blomfluga För Europa (Diptera, Syrphidae) Natur i Norr, Umeå Årgång 20 (2001), häfte 2:91-96 Blera eoa (Stackelberg, 1928), en ny stubb-blomfluga för Europa (Diptera, Syrphidae) ROGER B. PETTERSSON & HANS D. BARTSCH Summary är sedan tidigare endast känd från Sibirien A single female of the hoverfly Blera eoa och Ryska fjärran östern (Barkalov & (Stackelberg, 1928) was collected in the Mutin 1991ab). forest reserve of Paskatieva, Norrbotten Den aktuella honan liknar stubb- province, North Sweden. The fly was blomflugan Blera fallax (Linnaeus, 1758) found in a window trap placed on a pine (Fig.2). B. fallax har dock en glänsande trunk by R. Pettersson, during the samp- svart kropp med bakre delen av abdomen ling period of 2.VI-7.VII. 2000. The orangefärgad. Hos hanen upptar det species has not been reported from Europe orangefärgade området halva abdomen, before, and it is uncertain if it is a random hos honan dock enbart själva spetsen (Fig. record or if B. eoa has any reproduction 2). Behåringen på rygg och bakkropp är in this area outside its known range of gråblek så när som ett tvärband med svarta distribution. The species has an entirely hår över ryggen och orangegula hår på black abdomen and differs from B. fallax bakkroppens orangefärgade partier. as described by Barkalov & Mutin (1991 Honan från Paskatieva (Fig. 3-4) har ab). helsvart kropp med enbart gyllengul behåring på ryggen och i huvudsak svart Inledning behåring på bakkroppen. Den ryska invasionen fortsätter. Då och Ett intensivt detektivarbete startade när då har arter kända från Ryssland hitom Hans fick exemplaret av Roger i samband eller bortom Ural påträffats i Sverige. med sommarens flugkurs med NEF i Ibland har också den svenska förekomsten Umeå. En blick i Violovitsh (1986) räckte av dessa arter bekräftats genom påvisande för att visa att B. eoa och ytterligare en art av arten under flera år, ex. bredfots- kunde vara aktuella. Hans hittade i sina blomflugan Platycheirus urakawensis vid gömmor en kopia (på ryska!) av släktets Altarliden i Lycksele lappmark (Sörensson revision (Barkalov & Mutin 1991ab), i 2001). Oftast är det dock osäkert om det vilken dessa två arter synonymiserades. I rör sig om arter som har en svensk gengäld framkom att Barkalov & Mutins population, eller om de har kommit hit (1991b) nyckel inte entydigt särskilde med lämpliga vindar eller på annat sätt. honor av B. eoa och en nordamerikansk Det senaste exemplet är en hona av Blera art. Fler kontakter togs med specialister, eoa (Stackelberg, 1928) som R. Pettersson nordamerikansk litteratur letades upp, hittade när han vittjade sina trädfön- engelsk översättning av den ryska artikeln sterfällor på märgborretallar i Paskatieva anskaffades efter tips och beläggexemplar i Norrbotten den 7 juli 2000 (Fig. 1, RN av honor efterlystes – och visst Heikki 7409/1795). Arten är ny för Europa och Hippa hade ett par av den nordameri- 92 Blera eoa kanska arten. Någon mer hona av B. eoa heter Svartberget (vid Jockfall i Överkalix fanns dock inte ”inom räckhåll”. Hans kommun) och inom Paskatieva finns också gjorde en ingående jämförelse av de två gransumpskog med lövinslag, bl a grova honorna med resultat att den nord- björkstubbar. Paskatieva har hittills (bland amerikanska arten kan avskrivas som ett entomologer) främst varit känd för sina tänkbart alternativ till honan av B. eoa från skalbaggar, bl a för den nordligaste kända Paskatieva. svenska förekomsten av mindre märgborre (Tomicus minor), att det finns bred Områdesbeskrivning barksvartbagge (Corticeus fraxini) och att Paskatieva är ett 22 hektar stort natur- reservatet har den enda kända sentida reservat (f d domänreservat), en extremt svenska förekomsten av tallbarkbagge varm sandtallskog i sydsluttningen mot (Cerylon impressum) utanför Gotska Ängesån ca 4 mil från närmaste hus. Norr Sandön (Lundberg 1978). Kort sagt, om reservatet finns ett jättereservat som Paskatieva är en tallskog av riksintresse Fig. 1. Karta över Norden med en svart prick vid Paskatieva där honan av Blera eoa hittades. Roger Pettersson & Hans Bartsch 93 för skalbaggsfaunan och fyndet av den skissen i Barkalov & Mutin (1991a; Fig. vedlevande blomflugan Blera eoa under- 5). Till skillnad mot skissen är dock själva stryker ytterligare värdet av detta natur- ögonmarginalen på vår hona inte för- reservat. mörkad utan gul. Pannan bakom själva Honan av B. eoa hittades i en träd- pannutskottet är svart med bleka hår (det fönsterfälla som var placerad i brösthöjd svarta partiet sträcker sig motsvarande 2 på en märgborreangripen tall (bhd 25 cm) ggr ögontriangeln framför ögontriangeln). under juni månad fram till och med den Nederdelen av ansiktet är endast svagt första veckan i juli 2000. Denna tall står nedåtdraget. Thorax är helsvart (rygg, ca 50 m från en skogsbilväg som skär rakt skuldror, pleura, skutell). Rygg, skuldror igenom reservatets sydvästra del, som är och skutell är helt täckt med guldgul talldominerat och där det finns gott om stå- behåring (som är ungefär lika lång som ende döda tallar och tallågor. Dessutom tredje antennleden). Bakkroppen är är skogen här gles med stora nakna helsvart. Tergiterna har svart behåring sandytor, ett område som lämpar sig för utom tergit 2 som i de främre laterala ”en kvällspicknick” då eftermiddagssolen hörnen är försedd med guldgula hår. här värmer upp entomologen. En solex- Sternit 1-4 har mest bleka hår, sternit 5 i ponerad plats som med sin värme kan ha huvudsak svarta men även en del bleka bidragit till att denna hona av B. eoa hår. Höfter och lårringar är mer eller trillade ner i fällan. mindre förmörkade med i huvudsak blek behåring. Låren är alla i huvudsak svarta, Beskrivning av honan av Blera eoa basalt lite blekare, distalt ca 5–20% gula. Honan är i likhet med B. fallax ca 12 mm Framlårens behåring är blek liksom den lång men har något bredare bakkropp. på mellanlårens baksida. I övrigt är lårens Ansikte, pannutskott och antenner är helt behåring svart. Skenbenen är gula med i gula, endast området under ögonen nära mitten tydliga mörka band, ca 30% av bakhuvudet är förmörkat, precis som på längden. Tarsernas tre basala leder är gula, Fig. 2. Svensk hona av Blera fallax sedd från sidan. 94 Blera eoa övriga svarta. Vingarna är i princip klara och att arten förekommer i Sibirien från med mer eller mindre blekgula nerver som Novonikolajevsk och österut hela vägen längre ut är förmörkade. till Kamtjatka och Vladivostok. Arten har Barkalov & Mutins (1991ab) artiklar, tillsammans med B. fallax och några andra liksom i dessa angiven nordamerikansk Blera-arter främst hittats i skogar av litteratur skapar inte klarhet avseende cembratall på höjder mellan 1600 och skillnaden mellan honor av B. eoa och den 1650 möh. I Sibirien besöker B. eoa nordamerikanska B. armillata armillata blommor av Rosa acicularis, Potentilla (Osten-Sacken, 1875). Vid Hans kontroll fragariodides och Acer ginnala. En syno- av honan hos H. Hippa (lån från Smith- nym för arten är Blera velox Violovitsh, sonian Institute, etiketterat ”Pullman WN, 1976. 13 May ’24, Virg.Argo; A L Melander Collection 1961”) framkom att detta Mera om släktet Blera exemplar var mycket likt vårt men skilde I Sverige liksom större delen av Europa sig genom helt gula kinder under ögonen förekommer, förutom B. eoa, endast en art och en kanske mera utslagsgivande av släktet Blera Billberg, 1820. Totalt karaktär, dess fram- och mellanlår hade omfattar släktet enligt den senaste revi- helt eller övervägande mörk behåring sionen av Barkalov & Mutin (1991ab) (exemplaret var något urblekt). Därmed hela 26 arter. De flesta förekommer i Nord- var saken klar. amerika (Kanada, USA, Mexiko) eller i Asien (Ryssland, Korea, Japan). Den enda Tidigare dokumenterad förekomst art som i stort sett omfattar hela Palearktis Av Barkalov & Mutin (1991ab) framgår är den av Linné beskrivna Blera fallax som att 48 exemplar av B. eoa har undersökts hos oss förekommer ej ovanligt över hela Fig. 3. Honan av Blero eoa från Paskatieva, sedd från sidan. Roger Pettersson & Hans Bartsch 95 kärnved, där larven känns igen på att den har en lång svans (> halva kroppslängden) med två par av köttiga utskott vid svansens bas. Dessutom har larven av B. fallax en bred thorax utan krokar, och munkrokar som inte sticker ut ur själva munnen. Rotheray & MacGowan (2000) beskriver hur deras eftersök av larver och puparier var fruktlösa på många lokaler där B. fallax inte har observerats sedan början av 1900-talet i Skottland. Däremot hittade de både larver och puparier på två lokaler genom att leta igenom ihåliga tallstubbar med våt kärnved, och då främst i kapade stubbar. Tänk om det finns Blera-larver i de stubbar som finns kapade i Paskatieva efter en stormfällning i reservatets västra del? En lockande arbetsuppgift för att försöka klarlägga om B. eoa utvecklas i Fig. 4. Honan av Blero eoa från Paskatieva, sedd norrbottniska tallstubbar! uppifrån. Det finns säkert fler östliga arter som landet. Fynd saknas nu endast från fem kan finnas eller tänkas förirra sig till provinser (Bartsch 2001). Det finns även Norrland och norra delar av Svealand – en sibirisk art vars utbredningsområde så håll ögonen öppna och håven i bered- västerut precis når in i Europa vid Ural. skap. Den arten, Blera nitens (Stackelberg, 1923), har en svart mittstrimma i ansiktet. B. fallax är knuten till äldre multnande eller döda granar och tallar. Den kan ses på eller i närheten av stubbar och lågor, gärna i örtrika miljöer. Den besöker blommor av hallon Rubus idaeus, nypon Rosa canina m m, och flyger hos oss från maj till juli. Larven är beskriven i Rotheray & Stuke (1998) efter material från hålig- heter i multnande kärnved i granstubbar. Den har även hittats i vattenfyllda röthål (Dusek & Laska 1961), men finns kanske framför allt i tallstubbar med våt kärnved. I Skottland har Rotheray & MacGowan Fig. 5. Ansikte av Blera eoa. Källa: Barkalov & Mutin (2000) endast hittat larver och puppor av (1991a).
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