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Annual Report WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION ANNUAL REPORT OF THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION 1987 WMO - No. 689 Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization· Geneva· Switzerland 1988 © 1988, World Meteorological Organization ISBN 92-63-10689-4 NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of material in this pUblication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. CON TEN T S Foreword ................... e' • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • XI List of abbreviations ..................................•.•.......•.•..•. XIII PART 1 - GENERAL REVIEW INTRODUCTION General ......................................•.•.........•.•....•....... 1 Second WMO Long-term Plan .......................................•......• 1 WORLD WEATHER WATCH ..............•.......................•......•.•..... 2 WORLD CLIMATE PROGRAMME ..................................•.............. 3 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT .....................•.......................... 5 APPLICATIONS OF METEOROLOGY ..................••..................•...... 6 HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ....•...................................... 7 EDUCATION AND TRAINING 8 TECHNICAL CO-OPERATION 8 REGIONAL PROGRAMME .......................................•...•.......... 9 OTHER TECHNICAL AND SUPPORTING ACTIVITIES ............................... 9 EXTERNAL RELATIONS, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS ..............•....• 10 PART 2 - WORLD WEATHER WATCH INTRODUCT I ON .....................•...•...•.•.............•......•••....• 11 COMMISSION FOR BASIC SYSTEMS ...................•.........•...•.......... 12 INTEGRATED WWW SYSTEM STUDY 12 GLOBAL OBSERVING SYSTEM General .........................................................••...... 13 Review of the activities of WMO constituent bodies relating to the GOS.. 13 Implementation of the various components of the GOS ..................•.. 14 Surface-based subsystem Regional basic synoptic networks .................................... 14 Networks of observing stations ...................................... 14 Ocean weather stations .....................•........................ 17 Mobile ship stations .........•.......................•....•........• 17 IV CONTENTS Aircraft............................................................ 17 Ground weather radar stations ...•................................... 18 Drifting buoys ............•...•.•.....•........................••... 18 Other stations ......•.....•....................................•.... 18 Space-based subsystem Operational meteorological satellites ....................•.....•.•.. 18 Co-ordination of geostationary meteorological satellites ............ 21 GLOBAL DATA-PROCESSING SYSTEM General ................................................................. 21 Publication of GDPS regulatory and guidance material.................... 22 Activities of the CBS Working Groups on the GDPS and Codes Working Group on the GDPS ........................................... 22 Working Group on Codes .............................................. 23 Regional activities ...........•...........•..•......................•... 23 Antarctic meteorology ................................................... 24 GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM General ....•.....•......................•........................•.. 24 Review of the activities of WMO constituent bodies relating to the GTS Collaboration with other organizations .............................. 25 Regional aspects .................................................... 25 Implementation of the Global Telecommunication System .....•..........•.. 26 The Main Telecommunication Network .................................. 29 Regional meteorological telecommunication networks ...............•.. 29 National meteorological telecommunication networks .................. 29 MONITORING THE OPERATION OF THE WWW Plan for monitoring the operation of the WWW .........................•.. 29 Non-real-time monitoring of the WWW Specific monitoring of the operation of the WWW on the regional scale 29 Annual global monitoring SYNOP and TEMP reports •....................................•...•.... 30 AlREP/CODAR and SHIP reports ..........•......•....•...... ........... 32 CLlMAT and CLlMAT TEMP reports .......•................•..........•.. 32 BATHY/TESAC reports .................................................. 33 WWW OPERATIONAL INFORMATION SERVICE 33 TROPICAL CYCLONE PROGRAMME Introduction ......................•....•.......•...................•...• 33 General component ................••................................•.... 34 Regional component ..............•.........•.•......•.................••. 34 ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee ...................................•...•..... 34 WMO/ESCAP Panel on Tropical Cyclones ......•...............•............. 35 RA I Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South-West Indian Ocean ......... 35 RA IV Hurricane Committee .................•...............•........•.•.. 36 RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South Pacific ...............••.. 36 Co-operation with other organizations .......••............•.........•... 36 INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION General ...............•.•.........•..................................... 37 Acti vi ties of CIMO working groups ...........•.........•................. 38 Organization of international comparisons ......•..............•......•.. 38 CONTENTS v PART 3 - WORLD CLIMATE PROGRAMME INTRODUCTION ...•.•........•...........................•..•.....••......• 40 OVERALL CO-ORDINATION OF THE WCP Advisory Group on Greenhouse Gases ......•............................... 40 Planning for a second World Climate Conference ..................•......• 40 COMMISSION FOR CLIMATOLOGY Advisory Working Group ....•..•..••....•.•...•.........•................. 41 Publications ............•...•...•....................................... 41 WORLD CLIMATE DATA PROGRAMME ....•......................................• 42 Data and exchange requirements ..............•.........•..•.............• 42 Assistance to countries to improve/upgrade climate data management systems/services (national, subregional, regional) .................... 42 DARE (data rescue) .•..•...•..................••..•.......•.............. 43 CLICOM (transfer of technology in climate data processing and user services) •...••.................................................•....• 43 Current status of the CLICOM project ......................••........ 43 INFOCLIMA (referral information on climate data sources, data sets, station networks and station histories) ...........................•... 44 Climate system monitoring (CSM) ... ................................. ..... 44 Global Climate Data Base Project ........................................ 45 WORLD CLIMATE APPLICATIONS PROGRAMME ....•...•....••....................• 45 WCAP-Food and WCAP-Water ..•.........................•.•.........•...•••. 45 Climatic atlases .........•.................................•..•••...••.• 45 WCAP-Energy Technical conference .................................•.............. 45 Short-term missions .....................•..•.•..............•....... 46 Publications ••.•.........................•..••.... '. • . • . 46 Co-operation with other organizations .•.••.•.•..•....•......•....•.• 46 Urban and building climatology War kshop •.......•......•....•.......•...••......•...•••.....•...•..• 47 Expert mission ....•.•••••...••...............•..•.....•.......•.•... 47 Publications .•..•.••..•.••...•...•...........•...................... 47 Climate and human health ..•.................•..•.•...................... 47 Statistical climatology •........•.....•.....•..•.•...................... 48 WORLD CLIMATE IMPACT STUDIES PROGRAMME 48 WORLD CLIMATE RESEARCH PROGRAMME Introduction ............•.•.....•....................................... 49 Overall conduct and implementation of the WCRP ...........•.............. 50 Global climate analysis and model development ...••..•.•..•.•..•.•....... 51 Research on climate processes ............•..........•................... 53 Study of the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere (TOGA) ................ 55 World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) ............................... 57 Study of climate forcings .......•...........•........................... 58 Global change ..•........................................................ 60 VI CONTENTS PART 4 - RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME INTRODUCTION ........•.•....•............•............•.....•.....•....•• 61 COMMISSION FOR ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES 61 WEATHER PREDICTION RESEARCH General ........•..................•..................................... 61 Short- and medium-range weather prediction research .........•........... 61 Long-range weather forecasting research .....................•........... 62 TROPICAL METEOROLOGY ........................................•....•...... 63 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION MONITORING AND RESEARCH Background Air Pollution Monitoring Network (BAPMoN) ........•........... 64 Transport and dispersion of atmospheric pollutants on different time and space scales ..•...................•...•........................... 65 Exchange of pollutants between various environmental compartments and integrated monitoring .......•.....•...•......•.•••.................... 66 Global Ozone Observing
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