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Revision of the Cumacean Family Leuconidae Les Watling University of Maine - Main, [email protected]

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Revision of the Cumacean Family Leuconidae Les Watling University of Maine - Main, Watling@Maine.Edu The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship School of Marine Sciences 11-1-1991 Revision of the Cumacean Family Leuconidae Les Watling University of Maine - Main, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/sms_facpub Repository Citation Watling, Les, "Revision of the Cumacean Family Leuconidae" (1991). Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship. 108. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/sms_facpub/108 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY, 11(4): 569-582, 1991 REVISION OF THE CUMACEAN FAMILY LEUCONIDAE Les Watling ABSTRACT The family Leuconidaecurrently contains 99 species. With the exception of Epileucon,all generain the family were establishedby 1907. All new species have been subsequentlyassigned to those genera,gradually producing genera distinguishable on the basis of single characters.In this paperEpileucon is reducedto a subgenusof Leucon as proposed by Bacescu(1988), and the species of Leucon are furtherapportioned among the subgeneraLeucon Kroyer,Macrau- loleucon,new subgenus,Crymoleucon, new subgenus,and Alytoleucon,new subgenus.In ad- dition, the new genera Ommatoleucon,Austroleucon, Nippoleucon, and Bytholeuconare pro- posed, and the genus CoricumaWatling and Breedy is added to this family. The new genus Americuma,with unclear family affiliations,is proposed for a species previously assigned to Heteroleucon.Complete diagnosesare provided for all generaand keys are given to all genera and species. The Leuconidaeis one of the oldest of all leucon, suggestingthat the characterspro- cumacean families, having been established posed were not significantand did not define by Sars in 1878 for the genera Leucon and all species in the genus. Instead,he proposed Eudorella.Eudorellopsis was createdby Sars that Leucon should be divided into the sub- in 1882 to accommodatetwo previouslyde- genera Leucon and Epileucon, recognizing scribedspecies. Additional species from the that the species in this genus could be seg- North Atlantic and Mediterraneanregion regatedinto discrete groups. In the follow- graduallyswelled the contents of these gen- ing account, several other subgenera are era, due especially to the efforts of Sars (13 proposed, each of which are hypothesized species).In the early 1900's,as materialfrom to be a phylogenetic lineage within the ge- various expeditionsbecame available,many nus. more new species were described.However, With the exception of Epileucon, there only a few belonged to the new genera de- have been no new genera created for the scribed by Zimmer (Pseudoleucon)in 1903 60 + species describedsince 1907. For most and Calman (Hemileucon, Heteroleucon, of the shallow northernhemisphere species, and Paraleucon)in 1907. These genera ac- this has not been a problem, since they fit commodated all subsequent new species quite comfortably into the genera estab- until Jones (1956) proposedEpileucon. The lished earlier for species from this region. family presently contains 99 species as- For species from Asia and the South Pacific, signed (occasionally with doubt) to those Central America, and the deep sea, use of eight genera. the established genera has been problem- Bishop(198 la) describeda numberof new atic. In several cases the generic diagnoses species which he assigned to Epileucon. He have been so stretchedthat only one or two noted that the original diagnosis of Epileu- characterscontinue to hold a genus togeth- con was based on a character("absence of er. Occasionally, the few members of a ge- a serrated dorsal crest on the carapace of nus do not look even remotely alike. In this the female," Jones, 1956) that did not show paper, several new generaare created in or- stability even in the type species. However, der to deal with these problems and all gen- based on an extensive examination of deep era are rediagnosed. Atlantic leuconids, the genus was redi- a suite of chief agnosed using characters, KEY TO GENERAOF LEUCONIDAE among them being the presenceon pereion- ite 5 of at least one pair of anteriorlycurved 1. Distinct eye lens and/or pigment present............. 2 ventral teeth (Bishop, 1981a). All other - Eyelobewithout lens or pigment 3 characterswere to 2. Eyelobe extending to end of pseudorostrum, acknowledgedby Bishop uropod endopod 2-articulate Coricuma occur also in some or several species of Leu- - Eyelobe not reachingend of pseudorostrum, con. Bacescu (1988) rejectedthe genus Epi- uropod endopod uniarticulate...... Ommatoleucon 569 570 JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY, VOL. 11, NO. 4, 1991 3. Exopodson pereiopods 1 and 2 only in 6 and only slightlybeyond pseudorostrum 2 2 Heteroleucon 2. Pereionite 5 with ventral hook(s) .................Epileucon - Exopodson pereiopods 1-3 in 9 and 1-4 in 8 - Pereionite 5 without ventral hook(s) 3 4 3. Antenna1 accessoryflagellum extending at least 4. Uropod endopod uniarticulate 5 to midlengthof main flagellumfirst article ....... - Uropod endopod 2-articulate 6 Crymoleucon 5. Pereiopod2 article 3 <one-fourth as long as - Antenna 1 accessoryflagellum short 4 wide; 6 antenna 2 with seta brush on both 4. Uropod endopod terminalseta fused to distal anterior and posterior margins of peduncle article Alytoleucon article 5; 6 without pleopods ..................Austroleucon - Uropod endopod terminal seta not fused to - Pereiopod 2 article 3 half as long as wide; 6 distal article Leucon antenna 2 with seta brush only on anterior marginof pedunclearticles 4 and 5; 8 with 1 COMPONENTSUBGENERA OF THE pair of pleopods Paraleucon GENUS LEUCON 6. Efferentorifice anterior or anterodorsal 7 - Efferentorifice distinctly dorsal, pseudorostral Leucon Kroyer, 1846 lappetsbent posteriadand directeddorsally Fig. la-c 11 - 7. Pereiopod2 article 3 nearlyas long as wide Type Species. Cuma nasica Kroyer, 1841. Hemileucon Diagnosis.-Branchial siphon normal; an- - Pereiopod2 article 3 much shorterthan wide tenna 1 or lost 8 accessory flagellum rudimentary; 8. Antenna 1 not geniculateor weaklygeniculate pereionite 5 without ventral teeth; uropod 9 endopod terminal seta not fused to distal - Antenna 1 geniculatebetween peduncle arti- article. cles 1 and 2 10 9. 8 without pleopods, 6 antenna2 not reaching AdditionalSpecies. -L. (L.) acutirostrisSars, end of pereion Nippoleucon 1865; L. (L.) affinis Fage, 1951; L. (L.) - 6 with 2 pairs of pleopods, 6 antenna 2 ex- americanusZimmer, 1943; L. (L.) armatus tending along pleon Leucon L. assimilis 10. Uropod endopod and exopod subequal,an- Given, 1961; (L.) Sars, 1887; terolateralcorner of carapacestrongly angular L. (L.)fulvus Sars, 1865; L. (L.) homorhyn- Bytholeucon chus Bishop, 198 lb; L. (L.) kobjakovaeLo- - Uropod endopod much shorterthan exopod, makina, 1955; L. (L.) laticaudusLomakina, anterolateralcorner of carapaceobtuse ............... 1952; L. (L.) magnadentatusGiven, 1961; Pseudoleucon L. mediterraneus L. 11. Antenna 1 geniculatebetween peduncle arti- (L.) Sars, 1879; (L.) cles 1 and 2 Eudorellopsis minor Lomakina, 1955; L. (L.) nasicoides - Antenna 1 geniculatebetween peduncle arti- Liljeborg, 1855; L. (L.) nathorsti Ohlin, cles 2 and 3 Eudorella 1901; L. (L.) panamensis Jones, 1969; L. (L.) profundus Hansen, 1920; L. (L.) Leucon 1846 robustus Hansen, 1920; L. (L.) serratus Kroyer, L. Fig. 1 Norman, 1879; (L.) simanensis Gam6, 1962; L. (L.) subnasicaGiven, 1961; L. (L.) EpileuconJones, 1956. varians Gamo, 1962. - Cuma nasica 1841. Type Species. Kroyer, KEY TO FEMALESOF LEUCON Diagnosis (emended). -Pseudorostrum (LEUCON) projectinganteriorly, usually slightly short- er in male; antenna 1 not geniculate;male 1. Uropod exopod clearlylonger than endopod on anterior 2 antenna 2 with brush of setae - Uropod exopod shorter than or as long as margin of peduncle articles 4 and 5; male endopod 7 antenna 2 flagellum extending well along 2. Pereiopod2 article 3 distinct 3 pleon; female with exopods on pereiopods - Pereiopod2 article 3 indistinct 5 male with on 1- 3. Pseudorostrallobes upturned 4 1-3; exopods pereiopods - Pseudorostrallobes directedhorizontally ........ 4; pereiopod 2 article 3 very short or lack- americanus ing;uropod endopod 2-articulate;male with 4. Carapacewith about 10 dorsal serrationsan- 2 pairs of pleopods. teriorly simanensis - Carapacewith about 4 dorsal serrationsan- KEY TO SUBGENERAOF LEUCON teriorly varians 5. Carapacewith dorsal serrations extending onto 1. Branchial siphon elongate, greatly exceeding posteriorone-third 6 pseudorostrum Macrauloleucon - Carapacewith dorsal serrationsonly on an- - Branchialsiphon of normallength, protruding teriortwo-thirds acutirostris WATLING: REVISION OF LEUCONIDAE 571 C Fig. 1. Leucon (Leucon) nasica (from Sars, 1900): a, carapace,side view; b, antenna 1; c, uropod. Leucon (Epileucon)galatheae (from Bishop, 198 la): d, carapace,side view; e, pereionites3-5 and pleonites 1 and 2; f, antenna 1; g, uropod. Leucon (Macrauloleucon)spinulosus (from Hansen, 1920): h, carapaceand antenna 1; i, uropod. Leucon (Crymoleucon)tener (from Hansen, 1920): j, carapace and antenna 1; k, uropod. Leucon (Alytoleucon)medius (from Bishop, 1982): 1, carapace,side view; m, antenna 1; n, uropod. (Drawingsnot to same scale.) 6. Carapacewith dorsolateralspines on frontal - Pseudorostrallobes subquadrate(blunt) dis- lobe robustus
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