Index Locorum

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76468-1 - Greeks and Barbarians Kostas Vlassopoulos Index More information

Index locorum

Literary sources Note: reference numbers for the relevant corpora of fragments of ancient authors appear within brackets next to the name of the author; for the abbreviations of the various corpora, see the List of Abbreviations. The capital letters F and B stand for fragment, the capital letter T for testimony.

Abaris (BNJ 34) Antiphon the Sophist (D-K 87) F1–2: 208 B44: 194 Aelian Archilochus of Paros (West) Various History F2: 120, 177 12.1: 90 F5: 120, 177 Aeneas the Tactician F19: 176 15.9–10: 201 F22: 120 16.14: 201 F42: 178 24.3–14: 201 F93: 177 31.25–7: 201 F102: 120 31.35: 201 F216: 177 37.6–7: 201 Aristeas of Proconnesus 40.4: 201 (BNJ 35) Aeschylus F2: 175 The Persians F7: 175 181–99: 195 Aristophanes Suppliant Women Acharnians 277–90: 196 141–50: 137 Alcaeus of Mytilene (L-P) 153–72: 125, 191 F45: 177 Birds F69: 177 1615–82: 191 F350: 177 Thesmophoriazusae Alcman of Sparta (Page) 1001–231: 191 F16: 177 Wasps Anacreon of Teos (Page) 828: 89 F347: 177 Aristotle (Rose) F356b: 178 Barbarian Customs F417: 177 F604–11: 202 Anaxandrides (K-A, II) Constitution of the Athenians F40: 191 15: 123 F42: 124 Metaphysics Anthologia Graeca 981b20–5: 210 7.417: 312 Politics Antiphon of Athens 1272b24–1273b26: 204 On the Murder 1315b26: 134 of Herodes 1324a5–b25: 202 376 20: 125 1329b: 202

Index locorum 377

Arrian Ephorus of Cyme (FGrH 70) Anabasis F42: 206 2.5.3: 155 Eupolemus (FGrH 723) Artapanus (FGrH 726) F1: 315 F3: 316 Euripides Athenaeus Bacchae 4.148–54d: 138 1–42: 208, 214 4.157b: 312 Helen 14.632: 110 4–15: 195 Aulus Gellius Orestes Attic Nights 1370–1536: 192 17.17.1: 318 Phoenician Women 1–9: 195 Bacchylides 5–6: 195 Odes 203–25: 195 3.23–62: 176 239–49: 195 Bible 638–9: 195 Acts of the Apostles Trojan Women 14.8–11: 300 764–5: 193 I Esdras 3–4: 153 Hecataeus of Miletus (FGrH 1) Ezekiel F1: 182 27: 178 F19: 182 Genesis F20: 210 10: 178 F21: 183 F27: 182 Charon of Lampsacus (FGrH 262) F34: 183 F1: 125 F76: 181 Cleodemus Malchus (FGrH 727) F119: 181 F1: 315 F127: 181 Ctesias of Cnidus (FGrH 688) F154: 181 Persica F284: 181 F6b: 221 F287: 181 F307–8: 181 Damastes of Sigeion (FGrH 5) F345: 181 F8: 148 T12: 181 Demosthenes Hellanicus of Lesbos Third Philippic (FGrH 4) 31: 75 F55: 184 Diodorus Siculus F79: 184 1.98.5–9: 233 F82: 184 14.9.8–9: 110 F84: 184 14.15.3: 110 F111: 183 14.46.1: 107 F175: 210 14.53.4: 107 F178: 184 15.38: 69 F189: 210 Diogenes Laertius Heracleides of Cyme (FGrH 689) Lives of the Eminent Philosophers F1–4: 204 1.22: 6 Heracleides Ponticus (Wehrli VII) 1.24: 6 F68: 208 1.33: 4 F69–70: 208 Dionysius of Halicarnassus F73–5: 208 Roman Archaeology Hermippus of Athens (K-A V) 3.46.3–5: 131 F63: 89

378 Index locorum

Herodotus 4.45: 301 1.1–5: 151 4.71–2: 117 1.6: 6 4.76: 207 1.30–3: 208 4.77: 208 1.46–55: 43 4.78: 133 1.54.2: 43 4.78–80: 207 1.61–4: 123 4.79: 114, 139 1.70: 5 4.137: 54 1.75: 6 4.152: 85 1.96–101: 203 4.186: 150 1.173: 261 4.196: 148 2.30.4: 157 4.200–4: 51 2.32: 143 5.11: 48 2.39: 148 5.12–17: 51 2.41: 151 5.18–20: 138 2.43–4: 211 5.22: 75 2.45: 183 5.23.2: 120 2.49: 208 5.30.1: 54 2.50: 29 5.36.2: 148 2.81: 209 5.52–4: 204 2.104: 150 5.58: 210 2.109: 6 6.20: 51 2.111: 158 6.21.2: 54 2.123: 209 6.34: 123 2.125: 155 6.41: 48 2.134–5: 100 6.42.1: 47 2.143: 183 6.43: 47, 203 2.149–50: 156 6.58–60: 194 2.152: 44 6.119: 51 2.164–6: 205 7.6: 55 2.173: 156, 207 7.91: 268 2.177.2: 208 7.135–6: 157 2.178: 98, 100 7.139: 57, 59 2.179: 98, 148 7.147: 90 2.181: 133, 136 7.150: 55, 154 2.182: 151 7.168–9: 55 3.6–7: 148 7.172–3: 57 3.14: 200 7.184–7: 56 3.17–25: 206 7.228: 56 3.36: 153 8.30: 56 3.38: 153, 157 8.75: 59 3.39: 132 8.98: 204 3.40–3: 207 8.144.2: 59 3.80–8: 202 9.16: 138 3.89–97: 204 9.78–9: 192 3.91: 268 9.82: 157 3.119: 200 9.107: 48 3.139–41: 48 Hesiod 4.5–7: 159 Theogony 4.8–10: 158 1011–16: 174 4.24–7: 148 Works and Days 4.36: 207 589: 91 4.43: 218 Hipponax of Ephesus (West)

Index locorum 379

F27: 177 10.10.6: 40 F42: 177 10.13.10: 40 F115: 177 Pindar (Snell) F125: 177 F270: 207 Homer Olympian I Iliad 23–4: 195 1.3: 172 36–8: 195 1.423–4: 171 Pythian I 2.494–759: 171 94: 176 2.816–77: 171 Plato 2.867: 37 Charmides 2.872–3: 171 156d–e: 126 3.3–7: 171 Critias 3.182: 171 113a: 212 5.576–7: 131 Epinomis 6.119–236: 132, 260 987d–e: 28 6.186: 171 Laws 11.632–7: 228 656d–657a: 206 12.310–28: 172 Menexenus 13.4–6: 171 245c–d: 300 23.202–7: 171 Phaedrus Odyssey 258c: 201 4.120–32: 172 274c–275c: 212 4.125–7: 90 Republic 4.611–19: 90, 172 327a: 144 7.86–102: 173 Theaetetus 7.112–21: 173 174a: 5 8.557–62: 173 Timaeus 9.105–16: 173 21c–25e: 211 9.193–298: 173 23b–24d: 205 14.192–359: 79 Pliny 14.285–300: 172 Natural History 15.415–16: 79 35.18: 317 17.382–5: 79 Plutarch Homeric Hymns Life of Alexander To Apollo 15.4–5: 76 179–80: 173 27.5: 150 To Dionysus Life of Artaxerxes 8–9: 174 21.2: 52 To the Mother of 21.3: 52 the Gods Life of Crassus 1–3: 174 33.2–4: 310 Life of Themistocles Isocrates 26.5: 52 Bousiris 29.7: 46 28–9: 209 Life of Timoleon Panegyricus 31.1: 110 50: 291 Polyaenus 150–1: 193 Stratagems 6.53: 126 Pausanias Ps.-Aristotle 6.19.10: 98 Mirabilia 6.19.11: 107 836a: 97

380 Index locorum

Ps.-Aristotle (cont.) Xanthus of Lydia (FGrH 765) Oeconomica F8: 185 1344a31–3: 201 F12: 186 1348a3–34: 201 F13: 185 1350b16–33: 201 F14: 186 1350b34–1351a16: 201 F15: 186 1351a17–22: 201 F17: 185 1351a24–31: 201 F32: 207 Ps.-Hesiod (M-W) Xenophanes of Colophon Catalogue of Women (D-K 11) F150–7: 175 B3: 178 F165: 175 B4: 177 Ps.-Hippocrates B6: 178 On Airs, Waters and Places B16: 182 16: 192 B22: 177 Ps.-Xenophon Xenophon Constitution of the Athenians Anabasis 2.7–8: 100 1.7.2–4: 194 3.1.26: 141 Sappho of Lesbos (L-P) 3.1.30–2: 141 F16: 176 4.8.4: 88 F39: 177 5.2.31: 127 F44: 178 5.6.15–21: 277 F96: 177 6.1.5–6: 142 Scylax of Caryanda (FGrH 709) 6.1.12–13: 142 F5: 218 7.2.38: 133 F7: 218 7.3.22–5: 138 Solon of Athens (West) 7.4.2: 123 F28: 177 7.8.8–24: 50 Stesichorus of Himera (Page) Cyropaedia F213: 211 1.1.1–6: 204 Strabo 1.2.1–16: 205 Geography 8.2.5–6: 204 5.1.7: 97 Hellenica 6.1.13: 112 1.5.17: 123 2.1.25: 123 Theopompus of Chios 3.1.10–13: 46 (FGrH 115) 3.4.3–4: 67 F114: 70 4.1.29–30: 149 F250: 74 4.1.39: 132 Thucydides 4.1.40: 132 1.3: 34 5.1.31: 68 1.73–4: 62 5.2.16–17: 121 1.94–5: 62 7.1.38: 148 1.100: 122 7.5.27: 320 2.29: 123, 127 Oeconomicus 2.97.4: 149 4.4–25: 205 3.94.4–5: 194 8.11–16: 140 4.50: 135 14.6–7: 205 4.105: 123 Ways and Means 6.6.2: 107 2.3: 101 7.27–9: 125, 192 4.1: 89

Index locorum 381

Epigraphical and papyrological sources Arvanitopoulos 416–24: 295 41: 303 454–5: 311 48: 303 549–89: 311 62: 303 IG I³ 86: 303 421: 89 89: 303 658: 134 95: 303 1147: 63 107: 303 1240: 134 121: 303 1344: 101 170: 303 1361: 101 189: 303 IG II² 126–7: 136 CIRB 141: 70, 101 1: 138 236: 76 114: 117 337: 102 154: 117 342: 101 171: 117 343: 101 179–81: 117 349: 101 193: 117 1283: 145 196: 117 1553: 89 200: 117 1956: 125, 134 202: 117 2934: 144 1015: 116 8440: 102 COP 8927: 135 53: 285 10051: 130 10270: 135 EAD 10575a: 133 30 418: 304 10898: 133 IG VII FD 2407: 137 III.1 392: 127 IG XII.3 IV 163: 299 463/1388: 309 1350: 309 Gusmani IG XII.5 1: 251 245: 145 23–4: 252 715: 295 IG XII.6, 1 ICS 279: 63 371: 143 468: 63 IEOG 9–10: 310 Labraunda 107: 296 40: 137 117–25: 296 180: 295 M-S 188: 296 08.05.07: 292 189–200: 296 17.10.01: 263 195: 296 17.10.02–3: 85, 256, 264 228: 51 17.15.01: 264 290–2: 311 17.19.03: 155 322–56: 296 Michel 382–3: 296 546: 293

382 Index locorum

Moretti 27.1106: 159 41: 300 27.1107: 160 27.1114: 289 OGIS 27.1115: 160 70: 309 29.163: 144 96: 314 29.1205: 252 101: 314 30.909: 115 176: 288 34.282: 298 233: 297 34.898: 134 37.994: 45 P. Col. IV 38.1036: 86 66: 289 38.1476: 299 P.Enteux. 39.210: 145 79: 289 41.619: 115 P. Mil. 42.152: 144 I 15: 290 44.669: 115 47.1745: 294 RICIS 49.911: 122 112/0701: 303 52.958: 87 113/0545: 308 53.788: 115 114/0202: 308 SGDI 115/0302: 307 1722: 314 202/0101: 307 5727: 256 202/1101: 308 SIG³ 302/0204: 307 6: 43 304/0802: 307 31: 55 405/0101: 307 110: 98 Sardis 134: 47 85: 252 168: 137 SB 398: 302 I 681: 289 456: 310 SEG 578: 298 4.44: 107 8.548: 308 TL 9.1: 133 25: 256 13.184: 133 44: 263 14.604: 228 1183: 136 15.293: 314 Tod 16.573: 107 161: 70 16.863: 44 22.336: 112 UPZ I 25.681: 303 1: 253 27.249: 121 8: 290 27.733: 252 72: 289 27.817: 139 81: 290

Index

(The numbers in square brackets indicate the map in which the place name appears.)

Abaris 207 Alyattes the Lydian 42 Abdalonymus of Sidon 273 Amasis the Egyptian 97, 132, 133, 134, 151, 156, Abdera [6] 122, 201 184, 201, 207, 253 Abraham 315 Amathous [3] 177 Abu Simbel 44 Amazons 93, 171, 178, 183, 188, 191, 259, Abydos [1] 70 260, 267 Achilles 76, 130, 172, 263, 264 Amminapes the Parthian 73 Acragas [4] 106, 108 Ammon 143, 150–1, 159, 212 actors 73, 285, 291, 310 Amphiaraus 314 Acusilaus of Argos 180 Amphilochus 268 Ada the Carian 70 Amphipolis [6] 82, 85, 121, 126 administration 204 amphoras 86, 90, 92, 94, 120, 148 Adonis 174 Amyntas the Macedonian 73 Aegina [1] 56, 63, 85, 90, 95, 100 Anacharsis the Scythian 176, 206, 207 Aeneas 184, 280 Anacreon of Teos 177 Aeneas the Tactician 201 Anatolia 87 Aeolic dialect 37 Anaximander of Miletus 181 Aeolis [7] 141 Andromache 193 Aeschylus of Athens 2, 162, 176, 188, 195 Antalcidas of Sparta 68, 132 Aetna [4] 108 Antioch [8] 294 Aetolia 194, 302 Antiphon the Sophist 194 Afghanistan 8, 243 Anu 161, 166, 269 Agesilaus of Sparta 67, 69, 132, 149, 216 Anu-uballit the Babylonian 287 Ahiqar 152, 243 Anubis 288, 307, 309 Ahura Mazda 23, 270, 312 Apameia of Phrygia [8] 293 Aï Khanoum 296 Aphrodite 95, 102, 234, 261, 269, 308 Ainos [6] 125 Apis 152, 253 Al Mina [3] 79 apoikiai 9, 14–15, 21, 22, 32, 36, 39, 62, 81, 82, Alabanda 299 88, 90, 97, 102–19, 126, 150, 177, 180, 184, Alcaeus of Mytilene 177 201, 230, 236, 242, 255, 256, 277, 281, 292, Alcibiades of Athens 48, 123 293, 296, 297, 324 Alcman of Sparta 177 Apollo 40, 51, 86, 95, 97, 100, 115, 173, 176, 196, Alexander I the Macedonian 74, 138 271, 296 Alexander III (the Great) the Macedonian 1, 3, Apollonia [6] 122 8, 17, 19, 35, 48, 51, 73–7, 150, 155, 273, Apollonides the Lydian 141 282, 312 Arabia 14, 148, 289, 304 Alexandria in Arachosia 311 Aradus [8] 299, 303 Alexandria in Egypt [8] 76, 294 Aramaeans 14, 227, 243, 254 alien wisdom 6, 28, 206–14, 305, 315 Aramaic 21, 23, 25, 44, 49, 81, 90, 135, 146, 152, alphabet 7, 210, 227–9, 242, 244, 296 155, 164, 231, 243, 247, 249, 251, 256, 263, alterity 162, 172, 178, 186, 267 267, 269, 270, 296, 311, 314 383

384 Index

Arcadia 89, 142, 148, 263 Baal/Bel 174, 249, 270, 304 Archilochus of Paros 119, 176 Babylonia [2] 14, 18, 27, 41, 45, 47, 49, 51, Aretalogies 307 146, 151, 164, 165, 166, 169, 177, 191, Argos [1] 55, 67, 75, 154, 298, 303 243, 244, 247, 248, 249, 284, 287, 295, Arimaspians 175 296, 301, 313 Ariobarzanes the Persian 69, 70, 132 Bactria [2] 51, 282 Aristagoras of Miletus 54, 121 Barbarian repertoire 29, 31, 223–4, 300, Aristeas of Proconnesus 175 315, 329 Aristophanes of Athens 191 Barbarians 37, 43, 74, 171, 191, 194, 255, 301–2 Aristotle of Stageira 74, 201, 203, 210 barbarisation 110, 127 Aristoxenus of Taras 110 Barca [3] 51, 201 Armaouira [8] 310 Barsine the Persian 72 Armenia [8] 303, 310 Behistun 247 art 26, 38, 111–12, 178, 245, 247, 264, Bellerophon 167, 260, 263, 266, 267, 299 271, 302 Bendis 144–5, 212 Artabazus the Persian 72 Berezan [5] 113 Artapanus 315 Bernal, M. 3 Artaphernes the Persian 47 Berossus the Babylonian 287, 306 Artaxerxes II the Persian 52, 66, 68, 69, 219 Berytus [8] 303, 304 Artaxerxes III the Persian 72, 230 Bes 94, 267 Artemidorus of Perge 309 Bible 153, 178, 220, 247, 315 Artemis 43, 54, 135, 212, 252, 264, 296, 297, 309 biography 218, 219 Artemisia the Carian 70, 137 Bisaltians 125 artists 87, 92, 147, 165, 238, 256, 259, 268, 271 Bithynia [8] 74, 292, 303, 310 Ascalon [8] 185, 303 Black Sea [5] 9, 11, 13, 14, 90, 91, 113–17, Ashoka the Indian 311 175, 236 Asia Minor [7] 8, 9, 92, 161, 243 Boeotia 137, 141 Asidates the Persian 49 Bosporan kingdom 84, 87, 116–17, 138 Aspasia of Phocaea 52, 90 Bousiris 183, 187, 216 Aspendus [8] 298 Branchidae 51 Assurbanipal the Assyrian 155 Bruttium [4] 109, 303 Assyria [2] 14, 18, 27, 41, 51, 138, 153, 155, Bronze Age 3, 38, 41, 78, 164, 244–5, 256 161, 164, 165, 220, 222, 243, 244, 247, Buddhism 311 248, 294 Burkert, W. 3 Astarte 95, 253, 294, 308 Byzantion [3] 71, 102 Atargatis 185, 289, 304 Atarneus [1] 74 Cadmus 29, 174, 195, 210, 300 Athena 26, 96, 113, 151, 212, 261, 263, 269, 271 Caeneus 272 Athens [1] 16, 54, 56, 58, 59, 62–4, 67, 70, 71, 82, Caere [4] 40, 95, 216 85, 89, 91, 93, 100–2, 106, 121, 122, 124, Calamis the sculptor 151 125, 126, 130, 134, 135, 136, 143, 148, 161, Cale Acte [4] 109 181, 191, 207, 211, 212, 216, 230, 237, 259, Callinus of Ephesus 176 261, 263, 266, 268, 308 Camarina [4] 110 athletics 52, 85, 237, 256, 285, 289, 292, 295, 296 Cambyses the Persian 45, 153, 200 Atlantis 211 Campania [4] 105, 109, 139, 231, 318 Atossa the princess 184 canons 15, 215, 245, 246, 292, 325 Atotas the Paphlagonian 130, 151 Capaneus 95, 240 Attalid dynasty 282, 302, 317 Cappadocia [8] 293, 310 Attic dialect 37, 256, 291, 311 Capua [4] 105, 109, 111 Attis 212 Cardia [6] 125 Automalax [3] 133 Caria [7] 10, 14, 17, 37, 44, 51, 54, 63, 70, 89, Avroman [8] 311 101, 129, 133, 135, 171, 177, 202, 218–21, Axial Age 327 227, 229, 252, 253, 255–60, 291, 292, 293

Index 385

Carthage [4] 79, 84, 86, 89, 94, 95, 106, 109, 137, courtesans 52, 70, 100 140, 148, 201, 202, 203, 280, 317, 318 craftsmen 50, 51, 78, 87, 89, 107, 114, 117, 124, cartography 181 131, 236 Caryatids 266 Crassus 310 caste 205 Crete 79, 89, 203, 215, 260 Catabathmus [3] 133 Croesus the Lydian 6, 17, 42, 134, 136, 153, 176, Catalogue of Women 174 196, 208, 229, 301 Catane [4] 110 Cronus 161, 166 Caunos [7] 259 Croton [4] 52 Cedreae [7] 255 Ctesias of Cnidos 52, 169, 219–21 Centaurs 178, 191, 260, 267 Cumae [4] 105, 109 Cephisodorus the metic 89 Cunaxa 66 Cersobleptes the Thracian 127 curses 107, 115, 253 Chares of Athens 72 Cybele 174, 207, 208, 212, 308 Charon of Lampsacus 180 Cyclopes 172 Chersonesus in the Crimea [5] 307 Cyllyrioi 103 Chertomlyk [3] 236 Cyme [1] 185 Chios [1] 71, 100 Cyprus [3] 54, 63, 68, 69, 70, 78, 99, 102, 143, Christianity 3, 327 203, 271 Chrysaor 263, 299 Cyrene [3] 81, 88, 89, 90, 98, 133, 143, 150, Chrysaoric League 299 201, 216 Cicero 280 Cyrus the Great the Persian 28, 45, 169, 197, Cilicia [7] 8, 22, 41, 48, 155, 231, 242, 247, 204, 222, 247, 313 267–70, 293, 294 Cyrus the Younger the Persian 66, 90, 132, 194, Cimmerians 175, 176 205, 221 Cimon of Athens 123, 150 Cyzicus [7] 150, 207, 249, 292 Cition [3] 79, 102, 303 citizenship 43, 70, 101, 137, 246, 298, 309 Daedalus 97 Clazomenae [7] 92, 100 Damastes of Sigeion 148 Cleitomachus of Carthage 280 Danaus 151, 174, 195, 196, 210 Cleodemus Malchus 315 Dardanus [1] 46 Cnidos [7] 68, 100 Dareius I the Persian 48, 50, 51, 53, 120, 148, Cnossos [1] 138 153, 188, 197, 200, 201, 202, 218, 247, 312 coinage 22, 88, 110, 111, 112, 114, 122–3, 150, Dareius II the Persian 52, 66 177, 229–31, 246, 257, 262, 269–70, 310, Dareius III the Persian 72, 76 311, 313 Dascyleion [7] 18, 249–50 Colaeus of Samos 85 Datames the Persian 201 Colchis [5] 89 Decapolis 312 colonialism 278 dedications 15, 100, 113, 116, 145, 159, 295, 309 colonisation 102–4 Deioces the Mede 203 Colophon [1] 178 Delian League 62 Commagene [8] 311 Delos [1] 303, 307, 314, 318 commensality 13, 138–9 Delphi [1] 16, 39, 40, 43, 55, 70, 75, 97, 100, 102, Comosarye of Panticapaion 116 126, 128, 136, 150, 195, 264, 296, 298, 299, connectivity 81 302, 314 Conon of Athens 52, 67 Demaratus of Corinth 131 consumption 91 Demaratus of Sparta 46, 48 Corcyra [1] 55 Demeter 107, 308 Corinth 67, 92, 108, 131, 147, 317 Demetrias [8] 303 Corsica 84 Demetrius the Chronicler 316 Cos [1] 310 Democedes of Croton 52 Cotys the Thracian 124, 201 democracy 47, 202 court narratives 152–3, 156, 169, 219, 220 Demosthenes of Athens 75

386 Index

Demotic script 156, 285, 288, 290 ethnography 141, 142, 149, 153, 172, 173, 175, departure scenes 111, 199 178, 181, 182, 202, 218, 219, 309 deportation 51 Etruria [4] 11, 40, 41, 80, 84, 86, 91, 96, 104, 105, Dionysus 97, 139, 174, 207, 208, 213, 252, 111, 131, 138, 139, 140, 147, 165, 174, 202, 269, 301 227, 237–40 Dioscuri 27 Euboea 80 diplomacy 40, 52, 90, 112, 128, 135–8, 148 Eudoxus of Cnidos 216 doctors 52, 219 Euripides of Athens 75, 162, 193, 195, 208, Doric dialect 37 290, 310 Dorieus of Sparta 106 Euromus [8] 291 Droaphernes the Persian 252 Europe 263, 300 Droysen, J. G. 2, 10, 278, 327 Eurymedon 63, 196 Ducetius the Sicel 108 exiles 48, 54, 72, 73 dynasts 10, 46, 67, 85, 248, 257, 260, 263, 264, Ezekiel the Tragedian 316 266, 268 Fabius Pictor 26 East 1 faience 215, 241 Ecbatana [2] 47 Fayum [8] 288, 308 Edfu [8] 288 folktales 168 education 205, 244, 285, 291 Forum Boarium 26 eﬀeminacy 43, 148, 155, 162, 171, 220 Francavilla Maritima [4] 113 Egypt [2] 3, 6, 8, 9, 14, 15, 18, 21, 24, 29, 41, France 9, 13, 86 43–5, 49, 51, 52, 63, 69, 72, 73, 76, 79, 85, freedom 60, 157, 194 89, 90, 97, 102, 123, 129, 143, 146, 148, 150, frontier societies 14, 15, 83, 102–19 151, 156, 157, 159–60, 165, 168, 170, 172, 181, 183, 187, 191, 195, 202, 205, 208, 209, Gadara [8] 312 210, 211, 214, 215, 218, 230, 231, 236, 240, Galatia [8] 302 241, 244, 253, 259, 268, 271, 284, 285–90, Gaugamela 76 292, 303, 305–9, 313, 315 Gauls 302, 303 Eion [6] 121 Gaza [8] 76, 230, 303 Eirene of Byzantion 102 Gela [4] 107 El Kanais [8] 309 genealogy 167, 174, 195, 223, 313 Elam [2] 41, 49, 244 Giglio [4] 91 Elephantine [2] 152, 243, 247, 313 Gilgamesh 146, 165, 244 Elymians 105 Glaucus 131, 167, 260, 299 empires 17–19, 21, 41–52, 149, 152–3, 178, 200, globalisation 11, 19–25, 226–34, 254, 279, 220, 243–54, 262, 275, 278, 280, 282–90, 290–2, 294, 319, 326 313, 316, 324 currents of 11, 241–3, 254, 305–9, 329 emporia 82, 94–102, 121, 122, 282, 294, 303 imperial 243–54, 267 Emporion [3] 81 glocalisation 11, 21–5, 235–40, 255–73, 279, Ennius 318 295, 310–19, 320 Entella [4] 109 Glos the Egyptian 201 entertainers 52, 70, 124, 125 grain 90 Epaphus 152 Granicus 76 Ephesus [7] 42, 234, 252 Gravisca [4] 85, 94–5 Ephorus of Cyme 185, 206 Greco-Scythian art 117 Erbbina of Xanthos 264 Gyges the Lydian 41, 176 Eretria [1] 51, 54, 55 gymnasia 288, 292, 294, 296, 298, 313 Erythrae [1] 137 Eryx [4] 106 Halicarnassus [7] 17, 100, 219, 256, 258 Eshmun 271 Halieis [1] 63 Ethiopia 157, 167, 171, 182, 187, 206 Hall, E. 2 ethnocentrism 2 Hanisa [8] 294

Index 387

Hartog, F. 2 Iasus [7] 256 Hasmonaean dynasty 313 Iberia 79, 86, 202, 242 Hecataeus of Miletus 148, 180–3, 211, 316 Icarus 97 Hecatomnid dynasty 70–1, 257, 263 Icarus island [8] 295 Hecatomnus the Carian 70 iconography 23, 26, 88, 95, 97, 111, 122, 147, Hellanicus of Lesbos 183, 184 165, 178, 186–8, 189, 191, 196–9, 212, 215, Hellenic League 75 231, 238, 248, 249, 254, 260, 262, 265, 267, Hellenicity 7–9, 15, 34–6, 39, 40, 59, 100, 171, 269, 272 286, 289, 291, 300 Idrieus the Carian 70 Hellenisation 9, 10–11, 21, 280, 289, 300, 309, Idumaea 286, 289, 312 319, 320 Illyria [1] 89, 303 Hellenismus 3, 8 Imbros [6] 68 Hellenocentrism 25, 27 immigration 14, 107 Hera 95, 100, 152, 233, 308 Inarus the Libyan 63 Heracleia Pontica [5] 103 India 49, 149, 205, 218, 220, 311, 330 Heracleides of Cyme 204 inscriptions 23, 24, 40, 43, 44, 45, 47, 51, 63, 86, Heracleides of Heracleia 208 87, 89, 94, 96, 98, 101, 105, 107, 111, 113, Heracleides of Maroneia 123 114, 127, 133, 139, 145, 155, 227, 249, 251, Heracleides of Mylasa 218 252, 255, 257, 259, 263, 264, 268, 289, 293, Heracles 26, 51, 75, 87, 158, 175, 179, 181, 183, 295, 296, 299, 303, 310, 311, 314 187, 211, 216, 240, 269, 292, 294, 304, Intaphernes the Persian 200 312, 315 interaction 2–4, 6, 31 Hermes 97, 115, 306, 315 intercultural communication 13, 23, 48–9, 287 Hermias of Atarneus 74 material 146–7 Hermoupolis [8] 44 oral 147–54 Herodotus of Halicarnassus 2, 5, 18, 29, 32, 43, patterns 154–60 47, 53, 57, 59, 85, 153, 155, 156, 194, 200, textual 146 202, 204, 206, 209, 219, 260 intermarriage 42, 73, 76, 102, 107, 123, 131, Hesiod of Ascra 3, 28, 38, 91, 161, 168, 174, 132–3, 287, 303 203, 310 interpreters 98, 135, 148, 155 Hierapolis in Syria [8] 304 intertextuality 27, 28, 165 hieroglyphic script 155, 253 Io 151, 174, 196 Himera [4] 84 Ionia [7] 5, 18, 19, 42–3, 44, 46–7, 50, 52, 60, Hippias of Athens 48 66, 67, 68, 90, 95, 115, 150, 176, 180, Hippocrates of Cos 192 202, 232 Hipponax of Ephesus 177 Ionian revolt 53–4, 148, 188, 218 Histiaeus of Miletus 48, 120 Ionic dialect 37, 256 historiography 26, 184, 185, 263, 287, 306, 316 Iphicrates of Athens 124, 126, 201 Hittites 3, 27, 28, 161, 165, 244 Isaac, B. 2 Holmoi [7] 269 Isis 102, 150, 152, 160, 303, 307, 309, 318 Homer 16, 26, 34, 37, 38, 79, 90, 131, 147, 165, Ismarus 120, 177 166, 170–3, 185, 206, 228, 260, 308, Isocrates of Athens 75, 192, 203, 291 312, 318 Issos [7] 22–3, 76 Homeric Hymns 173–4 Isthmos [1] 39 Horus 94, 160 Istria [5] 88, 93, 133, 304 Hurrians 27, 166, 244 Italy [4] 9, 39, 87, 104, 139, 183, 184, 202, 228 hybridity 15, 98, 100, 107, 111, 115, 117, 236, 245, 252, 256, 261, 286, 296, 311 Jason of Cyrene 316 Hydarnes the Persian 157 Jaspers, K. 327 Hyrcania [2] 50, 294, 307 Jerusalem [8] 313 Jews 14, 16, 18, 36, 152, 211, 227, 243, 247, 286, Ialysus [3] 79 312–17 Iamneia [8] 304 Joppa [8] 304

388 Index

Karaburun [7] 262 Manes 101, 134, 249, 251 King’s Peace 68 Manetho the Egyptian 287, 306 Kızılbel [7] 262 manuals 201–2 koine 19, 21, 23, 245, 249, 257, 280, 291, 311 Marathon 1, 55, 196 Kommos [3] 79 Marathus [8] 304 Kouroi 232 Mardonius the Persian 47, 59, 192, 202 Kumarbi cycle 3, 161, 166 Mariandynoi 103 Kurgans 117 Marisa [8] 304, 313 Kytenion [8] 299 Maroneia [6] 120, 122, 123, 308 Massalia [3] 81, 94 Labraunda 70, 253, 257 mausoleum 71, 87, 259 Lampsacus [6] 46 Mausolus the Carian 10, 17, 24, 70, 71, 136, 137, language 37–8, 48–9, 51, 74, 86, 88, 95, 96, 102, 201, 258 122, 124, 135, 140, 147, 149, 150, 186, 256, Mazaca [8] 304 267, 269, 289, 291, 300, 310, 311, 314 Media [2] 42, 45, 203, 220, 311 Laomedon of Mytilene 48 Mediterranean redistribution 81, 120, 274 Lavinium [4] 26 Megabazus the Persian 120 leadership 204, 221 Megara [1] 63 Lemnos [1] 68 Meleager of Gadara 312 Leocritus of Samos 63 Melos [1] 150 Leonidas of Sparta 58 Melqart 304 Leto 264, 308 Memnon 167, 187 Levant 123 Memnon of Rhodes 72, 77 Libya 89, 150, 181, 303, 315 Memphis [2] 18, 129, 152, 236, 253–4, 284, 290, Limyra [7] 262 303, 308 literature 37–8, 85, 87, 110, 151, 152, 228, 256, Men 144 263, 296, 305, 307, 310, 312, 314–17, 318 Menelaus 172, 181 Livius Andronicus 26, 165, 318 Mentor of Rhodes 72, 74 Lucania [4] 85, 109, 110–12, 202, 231, 303 mercenaries 18, 44, 50, 66, 69, 72, 88, 89, 108, Luwians 267, 269 109, 124, 125, 129, 169, 177, 191, 201, luxury 149, 157, 162, 171, 178 253, 313 Lycia [7] 17, 24, 51, 63, 131, 155, 167, 171, 172, merchants 85, 86, 94, 98, 101, 131, 140, 148, 172, 173, 202, 227, 248, 256, 260–7, 272, 291, 304, 318 292, 308 Messapia [4] 40, 105, 303 Lydia [7] 6, 18, 22, 41, 42–3, 45, 51, 89, 101, 136, metals 80, 82, 90, 92, 120, 242, 294 141, 176, 177, 180, 185, 228, 229, 243, 248, Metapontion [4] 87, 104 249, 251, 281, 294, 303 metempsychosis 209 Lyric poetry 176–8 metics 101 Lysander of Sparta 66, 132, 150, 205 Metiochus of Athens 48 Meydancıkkale 247 Ma 295 middle ground 104 Maccabees 313 migration 8, 49, 104, 107, 295, 301 Macedonia [1] 17, 53, 72, 73–6, 138, 203, 278, Miletus [7] 6, 51, 54, 70, 100, 180 281, 282, 289, 290, 294, 317 Mill, J. S. 1, 31 Macronians 88 Miller, F. 1 Maeotae [5] 116 Miltiades of Athens 55, 123 Magi 208, 250, 306 Miltiades the Elder of Athens 123 Magnesia, on the Maeander [1] 46, 297 Mimnermus of Smyrna 176 Malija 261 Mlacuch 240 Mallos [7] 269 mobility Malta [3] 89 goods 13, 86, 89–92, 149, 172, 177 Mamercus the Campanian 110 ideas and technologies 13, 92–4, 125–6, 150 Mania of Dardanus 46 people 18, 80, 82, 85–9, 104, 124–5, 310, 313

Index 389

modernisation 167, 194–5 Nubia 44 Monte Bubbonia [4] 107 Nymphaion [5] 117 monumentality 231–4 Nymphodorus of Abdera 123 Mopsus 268 Nymphs 145 Morgantina [4] 228 Morris, S. 3 Odessus [5] 304 Moses 315, 317 Odrysians 85, 145 Motya [4] 106, 181, 234 Odysseus 168, 172, 173, 174, 267 multilingualism 164, 165, 243, 251, 254, 255, oecists 102 256, 259, 263, 264, 280, 287, 303, 311, 319 oil 91 Musaeus 315 Olbia [5] 113–16, 139 Mycale 60 Olorus the Thracian 123 Mylasa [7] 70, 87, 257, 299 Olympia [1] 16, 39, 40, 52, 75, 107, 112, 150, 191 Myous [1] 46 Olynthus [1] 121 Myrcinus [6] 120 Oracles 43, 44, 102, 108, 125, 126, 127, 145, 150, Mysia [7] 142, 171, 175, 186, 249 158, 264 mysteries 214 orientalising phenomenon 7–8, 21, 79, 162 mythology 16, 17, 29–30, 38, 61, 75, 95, 97, 126– Oropus [8] 314 7, 131, 147, 151–2, 154, 158–9, 165, 166–8, orphism 115, 209 170–6, 178, 181, 182–3, 185, 187, 189, 194– Oscans 109–12, 318 5, 196, 200, 211, 223, 240, 260, 262, 267, Osiris 159, 214, 254, 305 268, 280, 299, 300, 315, 317 Osteria del Osa 227 Mytilene [6] 48, 100 Paeonia 51, 181 Nabu 249 Pagasae [1] 89 Nagidus [7] 269 Pakistan 8 names 44, 107, 117, 121, 123, 125, 127, 131, Palestine 312 133–5, 139, 143, 188, 252, 256, 262, 286, Pamphylia [7] 294, 309 288, 289, 291, 294, 296, 311, 314 Pangaion [6] 121 Nanaia 296, 308 Panhellenic world 15–17, 22, 34–41, 83, 178, Naris the Bisaltian 125 223, 276, 281, 297, 319, 325 Naucrates of Erythrae 71 community 16, 61, 74–6, 177, 281, 298–302 Naucratis [3] 15, 97–100, 148, 180, 215, 234 Games 17, 39, 58, 74, 75, 113, 151, 297, Naxos [1] 54 299, 310 Naxos in Sicily [4] 184 sanctuaries 16, 17, 38–41, 118, 304, 310 Neapolis [3] 231 Pantaleon the Lydian 42 Nectanebo II the Egyptian 69, 98, 218 Panticapaion [3] 117, 197 Neith 98, 212 Panyassis of Halicarnassus 261 Nemea [1] 39, 299 Paphlagonia [5] 67, 89, 94, 130, 142, 151, 171 Nemrud Dag [8] 312 parallel worlds 10, 11–19, 320, 322 Nereid Monument 93, 260, 265 parasols 161, 265 Nergal 269 Paris 194, 261 Nestor 228 Paros [1] 119, 145 networks 12–13, 14, 16, 17, 21, 22, 79, 82, Parthenon 191, 216, 266 85–94, 274, 282, 296, 302, 305, 307, Parthia 310, 311 318, 323 Parysatis the Persian 90 Niceratus of Istria 93 Pasargadae [2] 50 Nicocles of Salamis 70 Pathyris [8] 288 Niconion [5] 114 Pausanias of Sparta 62, 157, 192 Nicosthenes of Athens 237 Peace of Callias 64 Nile 143, 148 Pech Maho [3] 86 Nocera [4] 105 Pedon of Priene 45 novellas 168, 220, 222 peer–polity interaction 297–8

390 Index

Pegasus 260, 263 Pixodarus the Carian 70, 73, 263 Peisistratus of Athens 123 Plataea [1] 59, 189, 192 Pellana [1] 85 Plato of Athens 5, 28, 74, 126, 144, 205, Peloponnesian War 65–6 211, 280 Pelops 195, 301 Plautus 26 peltasts 126 Plutarch of Chaeroneia 309 Penelope 51 polarity 1–2, 5, 8, 31, 157, 162, 190–4, Pentathlus of Cnidos 106 196, 279 Pergamon [8] 49 polis 8, 259, 277, 292–8, 310, 312, 313 Perge [8] 309 Polycrates of Samos 132 Pericles of Limyra 262, 264, 266 Polydamas the Thessalian 52 Perinthus [6] 123 Polyphemus 147 Periploi 31, 147, 169, 181 Pontecagnano [4] 105 Perizoma group 237 Pontus [8] 310 Persepolis [2] 18, 47, 49, 50, 51, 76, 216 Poseidon 304 Perseus 147, 154, 175, 262 Poseidonia [4] 105, 109, 110, 113 Persia [2] 2, 14, 15, 17, 101, 138, 149, 188, 195, Posideion 268 197, 250, 262, 264, 295, 303, 311 post-colonialism 2 Persian Empire 1, 10, 17, 18, 23, 24, 25, 28, Potidaea [1] 126 45–52, 60, 62, 65, 74, 77, 84, 120, 132, 135, Priam 195 142, 148, 153, 157, 161, 169, 176, 192, 201, Priene [7] 45, 307 202, 204, 205, 216, 218–22, 229, 243, Prinias 215 246–9, 252, 254, 257, 265, 267, 268, 269, proscynesis 157, 273 271, 273, 284, 293, 310 proxenia 98, 127, 136, 137, 259, 295 Persian Wars 8, 16, 19, 35, 53–60, 154, 162, 163, Psammenitus the Egyptian 200 186, 188–9, 196, 219 Psammetichus I the Egyptian 43, 97, 134, 157 Petosiris the Egyptian 287 Psammetichus II the Egyptian 44, 45 Peucetia [4] 105 Ptah 253, 308 Phaeacians 173, 206 Ptolemaic dynasty 282, 284, 305, 309, 312, 314, Pharnabazus the Persian 67, 132, 149, 269 315, 317 Phaselis [7] 100, 136, 256 Pylaemenes 130 Pherecydes of Athens 180 Pyramids 155 Pherus the Egyptian 158 Pyrgi [3] 95–6 Philhellenism 75, 97 Pythagoras of Samos 209, 211 Philip II the Macedonian 72, 73–6, 229 Philiscus of Abydus 70 Qos 289 Philistides of Athens 87 philosophy 5, 203 racism 2, 3 Phocaea [7] 84, 100 reference 25, 164, 170, 209, 215 Phocis 56 religion 29, 44, 60, 87, 94, 116, 143–5, 150–1, Phoenicia 3, 5, 8, 17, 24, 25, 44, 56, 63, 69, 78, 79, 159–60, 192, 208, 212–14, 252, 253, 270, 90, 92, 95, 101, 105, 135, 140, 150, 165, 172, 288, 296, 304, 311, 312, 314 181, 183, 195, 210, 227, 231, 241, 253, 267, Rheboulas the Thracian 101 270–3, 293, 299, 303, 304 Rhesus 126, 167 Phrygia [7] 41, 49, 89, 101, 133, 171, 177, 186, Rhodes [1] 71, 79, 81, 98, 100, 151, 215, 256, 303 188, 192, 194, 212, 249, 294 Rhodopis the Thracian 100 Phrynichus of Athens 188 Rhoecus of Samos 233 pilgrimage 143, 150 Rhosos [8] 304 Pindar of Thebes 113, 151, 195 Rogozen [3] 124 piracy 92 Romanisation 245 Piraeus [3] 100 Rome [4] 16, 24, 25, 36, 84, 131, 164, 184, 202, Pistirus 122 227, 245–6, 247, 280, 301, 304, 317–19, Pithecusae [3] 80–1, 228 320, 330

Index 391

Sadocus the Thracian 137 Solokha [3] 236 Said, E. 2 Solon of Athens 208, 211 sailors 92, 140, 147, 169 Sophocles of Athens 127, 162 Sais [2] 98, 212 Sostratus of Aegina 85 Salamis [1] 2, 58–9, 188, 192 Sparta [1] 54, 56, 58, 61, 65, 67, 70, 121, 132, Salmydessus [5] 177 135, 149, 157, 194, 202, 203, 208, 216, 313 Samos [1] 48, 63, 91, 100, 210, 233, 249 Spartocid dynasty 116 San Mauro Forte [4] 87 Spartocus of Panticapaion 116 sanctuaries 39, 94, 95, 99, 100, 107, 257, 264, Spina [3] 40, 96–7 271, 290, 304, 309, 310, 314 Spithridates the Persian 67 Sappho of Lesbos 176 statues 45, 51, 52, 70, 99, 151, 155, 232, 252, 257, Sarapis 290, 304, 307, 309, 318 259, 263, 264, 302, 312 sarcophagi 44, 254, 267, 271 stelae 92, 94, 107, 115, 129, 236, 249, 253, 268 Sardis [7] 18, 54, 177, 249, 251–2, 298, 299, 301 Stone, O. 1 Sarpedon 172, 260 Straton of Sidon 70, 101, 271 satraps 47, 69, 253, 258, 263, 268 Stratoniceia [8] 293 scarabs 99, 240, 241 Stratonicus of Athens 87 Scione [1] 201 Strouthas the Persian 47 Scolotians 115 Sumerian language 164 Scylax of Caryanda 218 Susa [2] 47, 50, 148, 295 Scyles the Scythian 114, 133, 138, 207 Sybaris [4] 40, 112, 180 Scyros [1] 68 Syloson of Samos 48 Scythia [5] 14, 49, 53, 61, 85, 89, 114, 115, 117, Symmachus of Pellana 85 134, 138, 148, 158–9, 175, 178, 188, 191, symposion 92, 138, 237 202, 206, 236 synagogues 314 seals 248 synoecism 258 seers 85 Syracuse [4] 84, 89, 103, 107, 108, 208, 269 Segesta [4] 85, 106, 107, 231, 234 Syria 8, 9, 41, 49, 51, 78, 81, 89, 101, 146, 148, Selene 159 215, 243, 244, 281, 289, 304, 308, 312 Seleucid dynasty 282, 295, 312 Selinous [4] 106–7 Tanit 135 Senoucheri the Egyptian 287 Taras [4] 40 Serdaioi 41, 113 Tarquinia [4] 94, 131, 237 Seuthes the Thracian 66, 123, 127, 133, 138 Tarquinius Priscus 131 shipwrecks 91 Tarsos [7] 23, 269 Sicels 108, 228 Tartessus [3] 85 Sicily [4] 9, 39, 90, 105–10, 230 taxation 89, 204, 285 Side [7] 87, 269, 304 Tegea [1] 70 Sidon [3] 70, 89, 90, 101, 299, 303 Telephus 175, 290 Sigeion [6] 133 temples 17, 26, 107, 145, 215, 232, 257, 265, 271, Simonides of Ceos 189 294, 295, 296 Sindoi [5] 116 Ten Thousand, the 67, 87, 127, 140–2, 221, 277 Sinope [5] 94, 183, 201 Teos 100 Siris [4] 104, 120 Terence 318 Sitalces the Thracian 123, 142 Teres the Thracian 127 Siwa [3] 143, 150, 159 Tereus 127 slavery 5, 13, 51, 87–9, 100, 124–5, 130, 134, textualisation 30–1, 168–70, 180–6, 221 143, 172, 177, 181, 191, 295, 304, 307, 314, Thales of Miletus 4–7, 10 317, 318 Thasos [6] 88, 120, 122, 145 Smyrna [1] 176 Theangela [8] 87, 291 Sobek 288 theatres 292, 295, 296, 298 Socrates of Athens 5 Thebes [1] 29, 56, 67, 72, 151, 195, 300 Soloi [7] 268, 298 Thefarie Velianas of Caere 95

392 Index

Themistocles of Athens 19, 46, 48, 52, 58 Ugarit 244 Theodectes of Phaselis 71 Uni 95 Theodorus of Athens 256 universality 157–8, 172, 182, 210, Theopompus of Chios 71 308, 328 Thera [1] 309 Uruk [8] 287 Thermopylae [1] 1, 57–8 Utopia 206 thesauroi 40, 97, 107, 113 Uzbekistan 51 Thessalus of Athens 73 Thessaly 56, 57, 89 vases 13, 21, 78, 80, 87, 92, 97, 105, 111, Thoth 212, 306, 315 139, 147, 161, 178, 187, 194, 216, 237, Thourioi [4] 85 250, 261 Thrace [6] 5, 9, 17, 53, 54, 61, 73, 82, 85, 87, 89, Veneti 96 90, 100, 101, 116, 119–28, 134, 136, 138, Vetren [3] 122 142, 144, 145, 149, 151, 171, 177, 178, 182, Virgil 28, 165 188, 192, 201, 202, 212, 231, 286, 288, 302, 303, 308 Wahibre-em-achet the Egyptian 44, 135 Thucydides of Athens 34, 82, 123, 127, 149, warfare 18, 56–7, 65, 67, 77, 126 192, 263 West 1, 20 timber 120 West, M. 3, 162, 321 Timotheus of Miletus 192, 253 wine 91, 120, 149, 156, 177, 210 Timpone della Motta 113 wisdom literature 168, 203 Tiribazus the Persian 23, 132, 268, 270 writing 78, 92, 107, 296 Tissaphernes the Persian 46, 66, 67, 222 Tlos [7] 256 Xanthes of Samos 100 Tolstaya Mogila [3] 236 Xanthos [7] 24, 85, 93, 257, 263, 299 tombs 92, 94, 105, 111, 117, 121, 155, 247, 259, Xanthus the Lydian 185, 207 262, 264, 287 Xeinagoras of Halicarnassus 48 tragedy 2, 37, 71, 75, 110, 310, 316 Xenia 90, 131–2 Tralleis [8] 293 Xenophanes of Colophon 182 translation 25, 27, 95, 146, 160, 165, 168, 216, Xenophantus of Athens 196 223, 290, 305, 308, 309, 311, 315 xenophobia 141 tribute 114 Xenophon of Athens 28, 67, 88, 127, 133, 140, Troilus 147, 263 169, 204, 221–2, 277 Trojan War 34, 61, 76, 154, 171, 191, 193, Xerxes the Persian 48, 53, 55, 58, 154 194, 264 Trysa [7] 267 Yauna 49, 51 Turan 95 Tydeus 95 Zalmoxis 126 Tymnes the Carian 101 Zenon the Cretan 52 Tymnes the oﬃcial 207 Zeus 70, 100, 151, 152, 159, 161, 252, 257, 264, tyranny 42, 46, 53, 60, 74, 176 294, 304, 312 Tyre [3] 76, 101, 195, 303, 304, 312 Zopyrus the Persian 101 Tyriaion [8] 294 Zoroaster 207, 305