Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48147-2 — Scale, Space and Canon in Ancient Literary Culture Reviel Netz Index More Information

Home , Aedesius, Aspasius, Diocles of Carystus, Metrodorus (grammarian), Pancrates of Athens, Panyassis

Index

Aaker, Jennifer, 110, 111 competition, 173 Abdera, 242, 310, 314, 315, 317 longevity, 179 Abel, N. H., 185 Oresteia, 197, 200, 201 Academos, 189, 323, 324, 325, 337 papyri, 15 Academy, 322, 325, 326, 329, 337, 343, 385, 391, Persians, 183 399, 404, 427, 434, 448, 476, 477–8, 512 portraits, 64 Achilles Tatius, 53, 116, 137, 551 Ptolemaic era, 39 papyri, 16, 23 Aeschylus (astronomer), 249 Acta Alexandrinorum, 87, 604 Aesop, 52, 68, 100, 116, 165 adespota, 55, 79, 81–5, 86, 88, 91, 99, 125, 192, 194, in education, 42 196, 206, 411, 413, 542, 574 papyri, 16, 23 Adkin, Neil, 782 Aethiopia, 354 Adrastus, 483 Aetia, 277 Adrastus (mathematician), 249 Africa, 266 Adrianople, 798 Agatharchides, 471 Aedesius (martyr), 734, 736 Agathocles (historian), 243 Aegae, 479, 520 Agathocles (peripatetic), 483 Aegean, 338–43 Agathon, 280 Aegina, 265 Agias (historian), 373 Aelianus (Platonist), 484 agrimensores, 675 Aelius Aristides, 133, 657, 709 Ai Khanoum, 411 papyri, 16 Akhmatova, Anna, 186 Aelius Herodian (grammarian), 713 Albertus Magnus, 407 Aelius Promotus, 583 Albinus, 484 Aenesidemus, 478–9, 519, 520 Alcaeus, 49, 59, 61–2, 70, 116, 150, 162, 214, 246, Aeolia, 479 see also Aeolian Aeolian, 246 papyri, 15, 23 Aeschines, 39, 59, 60, 64, 93, 94, 123, 161, 166, 174, portraits, 65, 67 184, 211, 213, 216, 230, 232, 331 Alcidamas, 549 commentaries, 75 papyri, 16 Ctesiphon, 21 Alcinous, 484 False Legation, 22 Alcmaeon, 310 in education, 42 Alcman, 49, 59, 60, 68, 70, 162, longevity, 179 214, 413 papyri, 15, 21 papyri, 16, 23 portraits, 67 Alexamenus (author of dialogues), 382 Aeschines (Socratic), 17, 280, 382, 612 Alexander (Jerusalem patriarch), 742, 745 Aeschylus, 49, 59, 60, 91, 94, 117, 122, 159, 203–4, Alexander of Aegae, 483 206–7, 230, 231, 233, 280, 282 Alexander of Aetolia, 562 career, 183 Alexander of Aphrodisias, 131, 657, 714, 721 classical reception, 197, 199–200 Alexander of Damascus, 483

866

Index 867

Alexander of Macedon, 184, 283, 286–7, 289, Andocides, 280 296–8, 302–3, 353 Andreas of Athens, 785 historiography, 660 Andreas of Carystus, 295 Alexander of Pleuron, 294, 302 Andromachus (rhetor), 733 Alexander Romance, 100, 604 Andron, 287 Alexandria, 87, 242, 245, 289, 290–305, 373–4, 513, Andronicus of Rhodes, 483, 485, 486, 487 520, see also Acta Alexandrinorum, Androtion, 242 Callimachus, Ptolemies Annas, Julia, 700 absence of philosophy, 278, 338, 344, 409, 475 annotations, 85–6, 90, 91, 363, 542, see also and canon formation, 177 commentaries and Christian scholarship, 753, 777 anonymous authorship, 99, 100, 229 and paradoxography, 356, 360 Anonymous Seguerianus, 709 and Roman-era philosophy, 476–7, 478, 487 Anonymus Londinensis, 192 as gatekeeper, 212 Anthiphon (rhetor), 17 authors, reception from, 53–4 anthologia Palatina, 492 center of grammar, 473–4, 596, 597 anthologies, 18–19, 171, 490, 498, 513, 568 center of poetry, 255, 371, 570 Antigone, 138 center of science, 251, 253, 254, 258–63, 266, Antigonus I, 287, 302 268–9, 276, 278, 766 Antigonus II Gonatas, 417 crisis of second century BCE, 651 Antikythera mechanism, 467, 469 early generations, 290–1, 292, 293–5 Antimachus, 70, 162, 215 librarians, 97 papyri, 16 opposed to Athens, 239, 241, 256, 346, 349, 399, Antioch, 54, 269 420, 457, 474, 522, 800 Antiochus, 49 opposed to Egypt, 273 Antiochus of Ascalon, 476, 479, 487, 497, 511, 513, population, 304 519–20 Royal Library, 538, 540 Sosus, 487, 513 Alexinus of Elis, 375, 378, 380, 386, 417 Antipater (Academic), 475 Alexis, 208 Antipater (Stoic), 76 Algra, Keimpe, 459 Antiphanes (historian), 243 alimenta, 687 Antiphon (tragedian), 280 Al-Nayrizi, 762 Antisthenes, 64 amicitia, 188, 516–17, 523 Antisthenes (Socratic), 382, 613 Ammonius, 747 Antonine Plague, 681–2, 720, 722, Ammonius (Plutarch’s teacher), 511 731, 732 Ammonius Saccas, 739, 776 Antonius Diogenes, 17, 551 Amometus, 291 Anubion, 53 Amphis (comic author), 208 papyri, 16, 22 Amyclas of Heracleia, 250 Anyte, 243 Amymon of Sicyon, 563 Aphrodisias, 268 Amyntas (geographer), 289 Aphrodito, 190 Anacreon, 49, 64, 67, 70, 214, 279, 413, 492 Aphthonius, 775 papyri, 16 Apion estate, 35, 540 Anacreontea, 491 apocrypha, 480 Anastasius (Burdigalia), 733 Christian, 692, 740 Anatolius, 711 Apollodorus (lyric author), 566 anatomy, 253, 255, 299, 305, 360, 361, 363, 407, Apollodorus (mathematician), 249 408, 457, see also dissection Apollodorus (Theriaca), 293 Anaxagoras, 250, 310, 628–9 Apollodorus of Athens, 17 Anaxandrides, 208 Apollodorus of Cyzicus, 366 Anaxarchus of Abdera, 209, 315, 317 Apollonia (Thrace), 310 Anaxicrates (historian), 243 Apollonides Cepheus, 417 Anaximander, 247 Apollonius (grammarian), 712 Anaximenes, 247 Apollonius of Alexandria, 483 Anchypilus of Elis, 313 Apollonius of Citium, 583, 650

868 Index

Apollonius of Perga, 45, 145, 251–2, 258, 300, 350, Sand-Reckoner, 350, 355, 402 351, 365, 469, 761, 763 Spiral Lines, 350 Arachne, 361 Stomachion, 350, 361 Conics, 365, 444 Surakosia, 355 Cutting off of a Ratio, 300 architecture, 284, 286, 289, 293, 294 in education, 42 monumental, 688 Okutokion, 361 Archytas, 247, 250, 300, 382, 424, 437, 481, 557, Apollonius of Rhodes, 39, 49, 53, 68, 94, 116–17, 581, 637, 648 138, 174, 255, 277, 294, 352 and mechanics, 358 Argonautica, 22, 71 and Pythagoreanism, 315 longevity, 179 portraits, 65 papyri, 15 Areius, 53 qualiﬁed canonicity of, 59, 70 Aretaeus, 583 Apollonius of Tyre, 485 Arete, 248 Apollophanes of Seleucia, 585 Argentarius, 571 apologetics Argonautica, 277 Christian, 681, 692, 742 Ariadne, 138 Apphian (martyr), 734, 736 Ariely, Dan, 107 Appian, 53 Arion, 566 Apsines, 709 Aristaeus (mathematician), 301, 761 Apsyrtus of Clazomenae, 744, 745 Aristarchus (grammarian), 151, 473, 516, 651 Apuleius, 145, 484, 493, 657, 660, 668 Aristarchus of Samos, 251, 295, 302, 350, 355, 426, Arabia, 733 434, 435, 436 Aratus, 49, 59, 70, 94, 117, 174, 255, 364, 466, 488, “The Sizes and Distances of the Sun and the see also didactic poetry Moon”, 350 and didactic poetry, 366 Aristides (geographer), 287 and patronage, 54, 371 Aristides (prose author), 493 citations, 60–1 Aristion (Epicurean), 512, 513 papyri, 16, 21 Aristippus, 65, 209, 248, 313, 382, 613 Phaenomena, 21, 71, 368, 416–18, 419 Aristippus the Younger, 248 portraits, 65, 67 Aristocles of Messenia, 483 Ptolemaic era, 39 Aristocles of Messina, 478 Stoic, 416–20 Aristocles of Pergamon, 483 Arcesilaus, 385, 386, 392, 398–9, 427–8, 477–8, 741 Aristocreon (geographer), 354 and Skepticism, 404, 448 Aristogenes, 586 letters attributed to, 165 Ariston (peripatetic), 338 Archelaus, 280, 282, 283, 290 Ariston of Alexandria, 479, 483 Archelaus (rhetorical technē), 592 Ariston of Ceus, 212 Archias, 495 Ariston of Chios, 211, 391, 428 archiatri, 584, 585 Aristonicus (grammarian), 713 Archilochus, 22, 49, 70, 162, 214, 222, 224–5, 229, Aristophanes, 39, 49, 75, 91, 94, 116, 146, 199–200, 567, see also Demeas, Thasos 204–5, 206–7, 230, 334, 632 citations, 59, 60 Acharnians, 22 papyri, 15 citations, 59, 60 Ptolemaic era, 39 Clouds, 22, 208 Archimedes, 135, 146, 250–1, 258, 350, 352, 355, compared with Menander, 69, 771 360, 466, 468–9, 557, 581, 648, 651, see also contest with contemporaries, 173–4 Antikythera mechanism Frogs, 173, 200 and commentary, 761 in education, 42 and philosophy, 402–3, 450, 453, 455–6 Knights, 22 Arenarius, 13 longevity, 179 biographical tradition of, 157–8 Lysistrata, 146 Method, 450, 453 papyri, 15, 22, 29 Palimpsest, 450 Peace, 22 papyri, 77 portraits, 65, 67

Index 869

representation in art, 142, 197, 770 Asia Minor, 266–8, 269, 289, 307, 331, 493, 513–14, survival into Byzantion, 770 540, 593, 605, 728 Wealth, 22 third century CE, 715 Women in the Assembly, 146 Asius, 566 Aristophanes (grammarian), 53, 277, 295 Asius (lyric author), 566 Aristoteles (rhetor), 281 Aspasius, 483 Aristotelianism, 408, 487 Aspendus, 315 Aristotle, 76–7, 132–3, 144, 150, 164, 207, 319, 350, Asper, Markus, 671 384, 387, 416, 426–7, 428, 482, 751, 753, Astrampsychus, 16 775, see also Andronicus, commentaries, Astrologus of 379 CE, 785 Lyceum, Theophrastus astrology, 464, 467–8, 511, 513, 579, 664 and mathematics, 401, 424–5, 453 and medicine, 464 and patronage, 281 and poetry, 367 and Plato, 249 commentaries, 751 and the Lyceum, 314, 326, 327, 329 distinct from astronomy, 273 Athenian Constitution, 76, 77 fourth century CE, 785 author of dialogues, 383 papyri, 46 biology, 408 Ptolemy, 674 citations, 59, 61 spatial distribution, 269, 277 De Interpretatione, 473 third century CE, 713 in the Hellenistic era, 431 astronomy, 252, 253, 314, 354, 468, 469 logic, 461 and Aratus, 416 Mechanics (Ps.-Aristotle), 358 and Hipparchus, 466 on astronomy, 252 and philosophy, 424, 437 papyri, 16 and poetry, 366 Poetics, 12, 148–9, 151, 153, 175, 210 and Posidonus, 459–60 portraits, 64 and Strabo, 438 Posterior Analytics, 401 commentaries, 751 Rhetoric, 591 distinct from astrology, 273 Topics, 324 late fourth century BCE, 289 Aristotle of Mytilene, 483 Ptolemaic era, 292, 295, 298, 305 Aristoxenus, 49, 285, 315, 365, 388, 425, 441 Astydamas, 17, 200, 205, 334 Elements, 388 Astydamas III, 562 Aristyllus, 251, 289, 292, 298, 299, see also Athanasius, 57 Timocharis atheism, 321, 328 arithmetic, 670, 672, 673 Athenaeus, 51, 89, 579, 600, 654, 676 Arius Didymus, 486 as author of dialogues, 488 Armenia, 732 as grammarian, 712 Arrian, 17, 283, 460, 657, quasi-random selection of cited authors, 547, 661, 682 549, 550, 557, 559–61, 574, 587, 594, 598, Arsinoe, 359 602, 648 Arsinoe (city), 76 source for Artemidorus, 472 Arsinoite nome, 732 source for fragments, 169, 171 art, 137, 139, 140, 141, source for Hedylus, 359 154, 500 Athenaeus (mathematician), 249, 250 Artemidorus of Ephesus, 471, 513 Athenaeus (peripatetic), 483 Artemon (epigrammatist), 569 Athenaeus Mechanicus, 286 Arthur-Montagne, Jacqueline, 100 Athenion (peripatetic), 512, 513 Asclepiades (medical author), 652 Athenodorus (Stoic), 483, 485, 516 Asclepiades of Bithynia, 407, 462, 465, 476 Athenodorus of Soli, 416 Asclepiades of Phlius, 313 Athens, 97, 175, 206, 227, 230–7, 258, 303, 304, Asclepiades of Samos, 293 330–1, 373, 375, 416, 520 Asclepiodotus, 460, 465, 501 and Hellenistic comedy, 303 Tactics, 501 and Hellenistic philosophy, 303 Asia, 268 and Second Sophisitic, 593

870 Index

Athens (cont.) autobiography, 744 archaic, 307, 568 autography, 192 center of philosophy, 306, 307, 312, 313, 317, Autolycus, 252, 289 319, 328, 338 center of science, 258–63, 268, 278 Babrius, 17 crisis at end of ﬁfth century, 282 Babylon, 344 democracy, 626, 627, 631, 641 Bacchius (medical author), 295, 363 endowed chairs, 680 Bacchylides, 49, 59, 61–2, 65, 67, 70, 162, 214, exceptional in centrality, 256 246, 280, 567 ﬁrst century BCE, 459, 476 papyri, 16, 24 late fourth century BCE, 289 Bagnall, Roger, 531, 781, 790 opposed to Alexandria, 239, 241, 256, 298, 346, Bakhtin, M.M., 171, 605 349, 399, 474, 482, 522, 800 Barchiesi, Alessandro, 112, 351 philosophical center, 249, 314 Bardaisan, 712 site for authors in general, 242, 245 Bar-Hillel, Maya, 106, 109, 111 third century CE, 715, 724 Barker, Andrew, 441 under the tyrants, 279, 281 Barnes, Jonathan, 398, 486, 700 Atlantic, 287 Barthes, Roland, 103–4, 111, 156 atomism, 402 Barton, Tamsyn, 582 Attalus (mathematician), 251 Basil of Caesarea, 796 Attalus III, 615 Basilides of Tyre, 263, 444 Attica, 331, 337 Batrachomyomachia, 100, 145, 495 Atticism, 497, 498, 564, 771 Bénatouïl, Thomas, 420 Atticus, 515 Bernard, Alain, 764 Atticus (Platonist), 484 Berossus, 289 Augustan poetry, 186, 255, 489, 523 Berryman, Sylvia, 407 Augustine, 744 Berytus, 734, 737, 788 Augustus, 255, 616 Bias of Priene, 307 Aulus Gellius, 51, 145, 171, 396, 657 bibliosphere, 527, 536, 538, 539 Aurelius Victor, 660, 773 biographies, 117, 157, 158, 162, 163, 164 Ausonius, 702, 733, 744, 768, 772, 788 biology, 407–8, 433 Austen, Jane, 137 Bion (bucolic poet), 496 Austin, Colin, 564 Bion (geographer), 354 authors, 99, 100, 102–3, 105, 162, 164, 173, 177 Bion (rhetorical technē), 592 and genre/performance, 96, 114, 125, 136, Bion (satyr play), 563 154–6, 176 Bion of Abdera, 317 archaic invention, 219–21, 223, 225, 226, Bion of Borysthenes, 376, 378, 381, 417 228, 229 Blanchard, Alain, 117 as brand, 107, 109, 110–11, 113, 176, 218 Blemyomachia, 56 attestation, chronological constraints, 647–8, Blok, A. A., 216 649, 654 Blossius of Cumae, 519 career, 135 Bobzien, Susanne, 396, 414 cultural capital, 183 Boethus (peripatetic), 483 localization, 128 Boethus (Stoic), 76 numbers, 541, 542, 543, 544–5, 546, 558, 559, book selling, 635 574, 606, 612 Borges, Jorge Luis, 12, 175 rareness of apocrypha, 481 Bourdieu, Pierre, 14, 87, 95, 218 rate of attestation, 546, 560, 564, 578, 587, Bowen, Alan C., 468, 469 621–2, 631, 632, 636, 701, 704, 709, Bowie, Ewen, 282, 593, 596 710, 719 Bréchet, Christophe, 172 rate of survival, 551, 552, 555, 557, 558, 559, bricolage, 804 708, 709 Bridges, Robert, 217 romantic, 155–6, 173, 184–6, 194 Brisson, Luc, 693 social capital, 177, 188–9, 194, 206, 213 Brod, Max, 217 social standing, 612 Brown, Peter, 735

Index 871

Bryson (philosopher), 383 Cassius Dio, 73, 682 Burdigalia, 702, 733, 744, 772, 788 Cassius the Iatrosophist, 694, 711 Buringh, Eltjo, 793 Caston, Victor, 446 Byron, Lord, 185 catena, 771 Byzantion, 277, 551 Cato the Elder, 616 Catullus, 187 Caecilius (critic), 498 Cavallo, Guglielmo, 27 Caesar, 479, 515, 616 Cebes, 77, 145, 382 Caesarea, 736, 745, 753–5, 758–9, 765, 777, 780 Celsus, 405 Caesarea (Cappadocia), 732 Censorinus, 712 Caesarius (medical author), 785 census, 528, 529, 531–2, 534 Cailianus (peripatetic), 483 cento, 771–2 Calixeinus (historian), 373 Centrone, Bruno, 480 Callianax, 295 Cercidas, 49, 377, 378, 381 Callias of Aradus, 289 papyri, 17 Callicrates (architect), 628 Certamen of Homer and Hesiod, 164, 173 Callimachus, 49, 53, 75, 94, 116, 123, 144, 255, 304, Cetius Faventinus, 773 351, 352, 373–4, 415, 418, 420, 570, 652 Ceus, 246, 265, 307 Aetia, 22, 45, 277, 358, 366, 368, 374 Chaeronea, Battle of, 198, 283–5, 286, 289 and paradoxography, 358, 360, 492 Chalcedon, 310, 314 chronology, 294, 302 Chalcidice, 315 citations, 59 Chalcis, 54, 378 competition, 174 Chamaeleon, 378–80, 381 Hecale, 21 chariot racing, 688 Hymn to Zeus, 417 Charisius (jurist), 713 Hymns, 21, 70 Chariton, 17 in education, 42 Chekhov, A. P., 136 longevity, 179 Chilon, 307 mirabilia, 358 Chios, 249, 310, 315, 317 papyri, 15, 21–2 Choerilus, 17, 280 Pinakes, 358, 362 Chopin, Frédéric, 185 Ptolemaic era, 39 chreia, 162, 163, 165, 167, 170, 409, 435–6, 612 qualiﬁed canonicity, 68, 70, 162 Christianity, 656, 691–2, 740, 742, 744, 777, Callimachus (medical author), 295 780–2, 790, 795–6, 803, see also Caesarea, Callinicus, 76 Didymus the Blind, Eusebius, Origen, Callinus, 167 Pamphilus Callippus (astronomer), 249, 424, 426 Christian authors, rate of attestation, 691, Callisthenes, 180 692, 708 papyri, 17 papyri, 56–7, 780–1 Callistratus, 138 teacherly circles, 737, 754–9 Callixeinus (historian), 357 Chrysippus, 76–7, 387, 392–8, 435–6, 442–3, 458, Calvenus Taurus, 484 459, 581, 586, 651, 707, 746 Cameron, Alan, 56, 112, 491, 495 and Alexandria, 410 Cappadocia, 57 and Hipparchus, 414–16, 430 Caravaggio, 185–6 and Soli, 338, 343–4, 416 Carcinus, 280 as scholarch, 181, 577 cardiocentrism, 396–7, 431 citations of literature, 196 Carneades, 64, 181, 343–4, 386, 475–6, 477, 478, commentaries, lack of, 485 518, 652, 741 De Anima II, 396, 430 Carneiscus, 389 logic, 397, 442, 461, 473–4 Caroli, Menico, 80, 118 On Ancient Physics, 433 Carphyllides (epigrammatist), 569 On Justice, 433 Carrara, Paolo, 770 on mathematics, 396, 445–7, 448, 449, 451, 452, Carthage, 338, 344 453–5 Carystus, 265 on medicine, 396, 429–30, 431–3

872 Index

Chrysippus (cont.) medieval, 796 On Parts, 454 rate of production, 793–4 On Void, 454 rate of survival, 794–5 papyri, 17, 412 Codex Gregorianus, 774 physical theories, 403, 436, 439, 440–1 Codex Hermogenianus, 774 portraits, 64 Codex Theodosianus, 774 propositionalization, 394, 395–6, 413, 443, 450, Cohn-Haft, Louis, 584 451, 455 Coleridge, S.T., 185 Chrysippus (medical author), 289, 292, 296, Colophon, 307 302, 586 Colossus, 355 Chrysippus of Rhodes, 586 Colotes, 64, 294, 302, 389 Cicero, 134, 211, 396, 481, 484, 487–8, 495, Comanus (grammarian), 276 515–16, 652 Comarchus (historian), 243 Ad Familiares, 516 comedy, 37, 39, 85, 113, 133, 161, 196, 205, 213, 330, and Posidonius, 459, 507 373, 555, 573 Brutus, 590 and ﬁctionality, 137, 142, 143, 146–7 career, 135 Doric, 629 De Oratore, 463 Hellenistic era, 650 letters to Atticus, 515 number of authors, 560, 564, 566, 606, 627, on Antiochus, 476 628, 629 on Asclepiades, 462 portraits, 66 on astrology, 464 rate of attestation, 564 on Atticism, 497–8 Roman, 345 Cilicia, 344, 416 routinization, 334–7, 345, 346 Cineas, 287 commentaries, 480, 482, 597 circus, 687 Aristotle, 484, 714, 746, 748, 749, 752 citations, 58–9, 60, 61, 62, 582 Categories, 484 Citium, 338, 343, 345–6 biblical, 753, 754, 756, 759, 771, 777–8 civic society, 805 Gorgias, 484 Clay, Diskin, 209 Hippocratic, 253 Clazomenae, 310 Homer, 750 Cleanthes, 330, 391, 420, 426, 429, 439 mathematics, 751, 761, 763 and Alexandria, 410 medicine, 301, 363, 365, 386, 482, 583, 752, and Aristarchus, 434–6 766, 767 as scholarch, 181 philosophy, 386, 775–6, 778 Hymn to Zeus, 418, 419 Plato, 748 portraits, 64 Platonism, 484 Clearchus of Soli, 208, 378 Plotinus, 749–50 Cleitarchus of Colophon, 291, 356 Republic, 484 Clemens, 57, 145 rhetoric, 750, 775 Cleobolus, 307 Theaetetus (anonymous), 482, 484 Cleomedes, 460, 706 Thucydides, 767 Cleonides, 170 Timaeus, 482, 484 Cleopatra, 616 Commodus, 593 Cleophantus (medical author), 292 Confucianism, 7, 803 Cleostratus, 307 Confucius, 101, 229 Clitomachus, 181, 387 Conon, 251, 258, 295, 361 Clodius Pulcher, 516 Conon (prose author), 492–3, 551 cloud cuckoo land, 142 Constantine, 758 Cnidus, 258, 265, 289, 633 Constantinople, 69, 75, 245, 540, 550, 715, 788 Cnossus, 478 Copernicus, Nicolaus, 802 codex, 654, 707, 767, 770, 780, 781, 783, Corinna, 49, 65, 67, 628 789–91, 797 papyri, 17 and Eusebius, 755, 757–8, 759 Corinth, 307, 514 manuscript transmission, 69–74 Cornellius Galus, 187

Index 873

Cornificia, 187 Deipnosophists, see Athenaeus Cos, 265, 268, 289, 296, 331, 633 Delattre, Daniel, 441 center of medicine, 263, 268, 278 Delos, 265 Crantor, 208, 343, 385, 390, 427, 482, 484 Delphi, 347 Crates, 427 Delphidius (Burdigalia), 733 Crates (Academic), 328, 427 Demades, 211 Crates (Cynic), 328, 383, 390 Demeas (historian), 373 Crates (grammarian), 254 Demetrius (Academic), 475 Cratinus, 17, 49, 146, 205, 216 Demetrius (literary scholar), 150, 151 Pytine, 146 Demetrius Lacon, 389, 444, 467, 477, 485, 513, Cratinus Junior, 208 519, 522 Cratippus, 483 Demetrius of Magnesia, 128, 561, 592 Cratippus (medical author), 242 Demetrius of Phaleron, 165, 292, 296, Cratippus of Pergamon, 479 302, 409 Crete, 268, 354 Demetrius of Tarsus, 563 Cribiore, Raffaella, 42, 44, 45, 729, 748 Demetrius the Geometer, 711 Critias, 17, 49, 320 Demochares (historian), 371 Crito, 77, 382 democracy, 230, 234, 236, 240, 280, 800 Critolaus, 518 Hellenistic era, 646 Crönert, Wilhelm, 444 Democrates of Sicyon, 563 Cronius (Platonist), 484 Democritus, 132–3, 144, 150, 209, 247, 387, 423, Croton, 310 425, 634 Csapo, Eric, 139, 142, 183, 197, 331–4 and Abdera, 242, 310, 311–12, 315–17 Ctesibius, 294, 302, 359–60, 363 refuted by Chrysippus, 396, 448, 449–50, 452, Cuomo, Serafina, 282, 762 454–5 Curtius Rufus, 661, 682 Demosthenes, 29, 49, 94, 113, 123, 150, 184, 211, Cydias (lyric author), 566 213, 216, 232, 331, 371, 497–8, 548 Cynicism, 390, 426 against Leptines, 212 Cynics, 166, 328, 380, 381, 478, 562, 614, 714 Chersonese, 21 Cynoscephalae, Battle of, 514 citations, 59, 60 Cyprus, 268, 296, 344 competition, 174 Cyrenaic philosophical school, 409, 417 Crown, 22 Cyrene, 242, 248, 258, 277, 287, 296–8, 310, 313, in education, 42 314, 317, 343 Leptines, 22 Cyril, 57 longevity, 179, 180 Cyril of Jerusalem, 777 Midias, 22 Cyzicus, 249, 253, 258, 265, 314, 416, 424, 425, 468 papyri, 15, 19, 21, 30 Philippics, 21 Dalion (geographer), 354 portraits, 64, 67 Damascius, 776 Ptolemaic era, 37, 39, 595 damnatio memoriae, 683 Timocrates, 22 Damon, 320, 628 Depauw, Mark, 534 Damon (Pythagorean), 315 Derkyllus (historian), 373 dance, 364 Derveni papyrus, 120 Daphnis (architect), 286 Descartes, René, 441, 802 Darwin, Charles, 803 deuteronomic writings, 752–3, 757, 761, 771–2, De Blois, L., 741 775, 778, 799 De Jonge, Caspar C., 151 Dexippus (medical author), 289 De Solla Price, D. J., 263 Di Benedetto, Vincenzo, 473–4, 769 De Ste. Croix, G. E. M., 689 Diades (engineer), 286 debate, 319–20, 321 Diades (mechanics), 355 Decleva Caizzi, F., 478–9 Diagoras, 167, 320 decurional order, 608, 611, 792 diagrams, 425, 482, 503 definitions, 503 dialect, 227, 265 Deinomenids, 280, 282–3, 290 dialogism, 171, 172

874 Index

dialogue (genre), 382, 384, 385, 388, 390, 391, 402, Dionysius Scytobrachion, 17 411, 423, 425, 487, 517 Dionysius Thrax, 17, 242, 473, 474, 769 Dicaearchus, 207, 287, 353, 354, 425, 438, 471, 505 Dionysodorus, 251 didactic, 225 Dionysus, 138 didactic epic, 366, 488 Diophanes of Mitylene, 519 didactic poetry, 368, 472 Diophantus, 673, 675, 694, 706 didascalia, 183, 199, 203–5, 553–4, 564 Arithmetica, 673 Didyma, 355 Dioscorides (herbalist), 583 Didymus (grammarian), 713 papyri, 16 Didymus the Blind, 57, 777, 784 Dioscorides of Nicopolis, 295 Digest, 675, 713, 737, 774 Dioscorus of Aphrodito, 190, 191–2, 193, 735, 792 Dillon, John M., 323, 324, 384, 484 Diospolis, 53 Dinarchus, 17, 211 Diphilus, 206 Dinostratus, 250, 258 Diphilus of Siphnus, 296 Dio of Prusa, 77, 709 discard, 43–4, 45–7, 79, 89, 90, 530, 533, 536 Diocles (mathematician), 251 dissection, 253, 299, 408 Diocles of Carystus, 637 Donatus, 712 Diocletian, 722, 774 Dorandi, Tiziano, 192, 329, 479, 575 Diodorus (historian), 243 Dositheus, 251, 258, 295 Diodorus (peripatetic), 338 Dostoyevsky, F. M., 136 Diodorus Cronus, 247–8, 285, 292, 375, 378, doxographies, 171 386, 409 DPA, 545, 575 Diodorus of Aspendus, 315 Drachman, A.G., 359 Diodorus Siculus, 661 Dracon, 289 Diogenes Laertius, 73, 199, 208, 249, 324, 383, 386, drama, 39, 70, 138, 183, 196, 515 393, 409, 410, 417, 433, 440, 478, 486, 577, dramatic victories, 201 583, 591, 613, 742, 746 Driscoll, David, 51 and the chreia, 164, 435 Duncan-Jones, Richard, 535, 687, 720 homonyms, 128, 242, 560, 561, 574, 587, 592, duopoly, 263–6, 269, 319, 371 594, 598, 602 Dyrrachium, 266 on city traditions, 313, 317 on philosophers’ output, 385, 388, 389–90, EANS, 544–5, 579 391–2 Echembrotus (lyric author), 566 Diogenes of Apollonia, 310 eclecticism, 458, 482, 490–1, 502, 507, 522, 801 Diogenes of Babylon, 76–7, 441, 518 education, 42–3, 44, 52, 67, 82, 91, 166, 193, 211, Diogenes of Oenoanda, 662 484, 536, 611 Diogenes of Smyrna, 310, 315 mathematics, 671–3, 674, 761 Diogenes the Cynic, 165, 167, 170, 247, 322, 345, medicine, 767 383, 399, 614 Effe, Bernd, 418 portraits, 64 Egypt, 53 Dion of Alexandria, 479, 488 and papyrus production, 533 Dionysiodorus, 466 center of astrology, 269–73, 277 Dionysius (astronomer), 295 distribution of papyri, 31 Dionysius (author of Bassarika), 17, 243 ekphrasis, 138 Dionysius (son of Diogenes), 354 Elea, 310, 321 Dionysius (time of Ptolemy Philadelphus), 295 Eleatic philosophy, 321 Dionysius (tyrant), 164, 280, 282, 290, 303, elegy, 127, 255 562, 615 elephants, 356 Dionysius Metathemenus, 391 Elis, 313, 314, 317, 378, 478 Dionysius of Aegae, 145, 551 Empedocles, 168, 196, 310–11, 312, 481, 488, Dionysius of Athens, 367 543, 628 Dionysius of Halicarnassus, 73, 150–1, 211, empiricism, 254, 363, 405, 463 498, 595 engineers, 289 Dionysius of Heraclea, 416–17 Eparchides (historian), 373 Dionysius of Sidon, 276 Ephesus, 277, 307, 314, 594

Index 875

Ephippus (comic author), 208 Elements, 298, 300, 301, 365, 401, 445–7, 453, Ephorus, 17, 357 459, 761, 763 Ephraim of Syria, 796 Elements XV, 99 epic, 37, 39, 66, 85, 113, 150, 175, 195, 219, 367, papyri, 16, 24 374, 567 Porisms, 300 cycle, 97–8 Surface Loci, 300 number of authors, 566 Euclid of Megara, 209, 247–8, 313, 382, 613 Epicharmus, 49, 70, 280 Eudemus, 250, 285, 425 papyri, 16 Eudemus (Hellenistic mathematician), 251, 258 epichoric, 226, 256–7, 371 Eudemus (medical author), 292 Epicrates (comic author), 208 Eudemus of Pergamon, 483 Epictetus, 741 Eudemus of Rhodes, 556, 648 Epicureanism, 412, 417, 427, 436, 448, 490, 504, Eudorus of Alexandria, 479, 481, 484 512, 518 Eudoxus, 65, 144, 249, 250, 252, 258, 314, 355, 424, and mathematics, 402, 444–5 437, 468 and medicine, 462, 488 Phaenomena, 416 commentaries, lack of, 485, 752 Euhemerus, 291, 357 Imperial era, 662 Eunapius, 702, 708, 711, 732, 743, 765, 776, 785 spatial distribution, 338–43, 477 Eunomus (rhetor), 280 style, 388–9, 391, 488 Eupalinus, 279, 282 Epicureans, 714 Euphantus, 377, 378, 381 Epicurus, 76, 144, 285, 312, 315, 319, 331, 344, 387, Euphorion, 39, 49, 54, 68, 70, 162, 366, 371 391–2, 398, 425, 427 papyri, 16 as founder of school, 314, 328–9 Euphorion (tragedian), 183 epistles, 165, 388, 393 Euphorion the Younger, 204 in Egypt, 412 Eupolis, 70, 162, 180, 205, 216 on Homer, 390 papyri, 16 on mathematics, 249, 444, 454 Euripides, 29, 49, 75, 86, 94, 113, 116, 138, 196–7, On Nature, 249, 388, 392, 393, 412, 488 199–200, 204–7, 230, 232, 305, 320, 334, portraits, 64 336, 413, 771 Symposium, 388 Alcestis, 201 epicycles and eccentrics, 252, 253 Andromache, 21, 202 epigram, 100, 366, 488, 495, 568, 573, 576 Bacchae, 22, 202 Epikichlides, 145 career, 184, 201 Epimachus (mechanics), 355 citations, 51, 59, 60, 548 Epiphanius, 145, 773 codex, 770 epistolary genre, 164 competition, 173, 174, 184 epitome, 773–5 Cretenses, 201 Epitome de Caesaribus, 773 Hecuba, 22, 202 equestrian order, 608 Hyppolitus, 202 Erasistratus, 76, 253, 292, 296–8, 302, in education, 42 350, 360–1, 363, 366, 406–8, 432, 436, longevity, 179 585, 651 Medea, 21, 139, 140, 141, 201 Eratosthenes, 49, 53, 133, 291, 295, 366, 377, 380, Orestes, 21, 202 417, 438, 652 papyri, 15, 21 and Cyrene, 241, 277 patronage, 280, 282 geography, 471, 505 Phoenissae, 21, 202 mathematics, 251, 258, 352, 354, 381 portraits, 64 Platonicus, 381, 402, 488 Ptolemaic era, 38 Erbse, Hartmut, 597, 769 reception of different plays, 124–5 Eretria, 313, 314, 317, 378 Telephus, 201 Euboulides, 383 Eurytus, 634 Euclid (mathematician), 53, 158, 251, 289, 293, Eusebius, 478, 600, 734, 737, 745, 753, 755–8, 781 298, 300, 353, 504, 761–3 as source for Christian authorship, 702, 719, Division of Figures, 300 742, 744

876 Index

Eustathius (medical author), 765 Gaul, 788 Eustochius (medical author), 711 Geagan, D. J., 678 Euthydemus, 310 Gee, Emma, 418–19 Eutocius, 580, 581 Geminus, 76, 242, 445–7, 459, 467 Eutropius, 773 generational events, 245–56 experiment, 408 biology, 407 mathematics, 352, 466, 557 fairy tales, 141 medicine, 265, 363, 585 Fantuzzi, Marco, 351 philosophy, 310, 318, 460 Farrell, Jospeh, 135 poetry, 352 Favorinus, 133, 668, 709 Genethlius, 733 Feeney, Denis, 515 genre, 96, 99, 114, 126–36, 153, 155, see also authors, Festus, 773 performance fiction, 137, 142, 155, 173 and scientific discipline, 423 Firmicus Maternus, 714, 785 in Aristotle’s Poetics, 149 Flory, Stewart, 210 in Romantic literature, 173 Foucault, Michel, 104–5, 109, 111, 156, 422 replaces institutions, 246 “Four-Man Commentary”, 713, 769 social implications, 194 Fowler, D. H. F., 389 Gentili, Bruno, 112 fragments, 167, 169–70 geography, 353–4, 356, 360, 368, 438, 459, 460, Fraser, P. M., 296, 303 504–5, 764 Frede, Michael, 489 first century BCE, 470–3, 511 Frederiksen, Rune, 331 in the government sector, 284, 286, 289, 298 Frier, B. W., 531 geometry, 305 Friesen, Steven J., 607–8, 640, 641 Giannantoni, Gabriele, 313 Fronto, 682 Giannini, Alexandre, 357 Frye, Northrop, 334 gigantism, 355–6 Giorgione, 185–6 Gaius (Platonist), 484 Glaucias, 145 Galen, 61, 88, 133, 241, 268, 402, 403, 429, 441, Glaucon (Socratic), 382 457, 458, 470, 580, 585, 586, 623, 675, 707, Gleason, Maud, 112, 582 721, 746, 752, 795 Glucker, John, 323, 384, 476, 511 and mathematics, 135 gnome, 166, 170 book collector, 89 Gnosticism, 740 commentaries by, 12, 483 Goldhill, Simon, 112 Doctrines of Plato and Hippocrates, 393, 431 Goldstein, Bernard R., 468, 469 in late antiquity, 765–6 Gorgias, 310 logic, 461 Gorky, M., 136 longevity, 178 Gottschalk, H. B., 462 on Asclepiades, 407 government sector, 283–4, 296, 304, 326, 352, 360, on Chrysippus, 393, 431 470, 672 on Erasistratus, 407 Gracchi, 515, 519 on Herophilus, 364, 408 Grafton, Anthony, 757, 758 on Methodism, 464 grammar, 345–6, 362–3, 365, 368, 373, 374, 381, on natural faculties, 407 496, 505, 551, 555, 750, 756, 758 on Posidonius, 504 anonymous, 99 papyri, 16 first century BCE, 473, 486 witness to other authors, 582–3, 656–7, fourth century CE, 712, 768–9, 778, 784, 786 662, 663 hiatus in third century CE, 725 Galileo, 350, 381, 457 in Pergamon, 254 Gallus, 492 number of authors, 596, 597–8, 606 Galois, Evariste, 185 papyri, 76 Gargilius Martialis, 727 rate of attestation, 596, 651, 664 Garnsey, Peter, 689 spatial distribution, 273–6 gatekeepers, 195, 213, 214 grammatical art, 473, 474, 513, 596–7

Index 877

graphomania, 178, 194, 618 Herminus (peripatetic), 483 Greek Anthology, 491 Hermippus of Smyrna, 295 Gregory Nazianzus, 785, 787, 795 Hermodorus of Syracuse, 315 Gregory Thaumaturge, 736 Hermogenes, 150, 709, 775 Gutzwiller, Kathryn, 140, 361 Hermogenianus (jurist), 713 Hermotimus, 250 Habermann, Wolfgang, 534 Hero of Alexandria, 135, 359, 470, 672, 675, Hadot, Ilsetraut, 778 706, 762 Hadrian, 551, 677 Herodes Atticus, 73, 593, 709 Hadrian of Tyre, 593 Herodian, 17 hagiography, 703, 734, 742, 757–9 Herodotus, 49, 94, 150, 162, 189, 232, 356, 470, Hagnon (philosopher), 549 507, 551, 630 Hanchey, D. P., 517 citations, 59, 60 Hanink, Johanna, 198, 199 competition, 174 Hankinson, R. J., 432 fourth century BCE, 209 Hansen, M. H., 625, 641 in education, 42 Hanson, A. E., 730 in Egypt, 58 Harbsmeier, Christoph, 101 longevity, 179 Hardie, Alex, 495 papyri, 15, 23, 39 Harmonics, 751 portraits, 64, 67 Harpocration, 53, 76, 484 Herondas, 17, 49, 53 Harrauer, Hermann, 731 Herophileans, 254, 363, 407, 463 Harris, William, 636 Herophilus, 253–4, 292, 296–8, 350, 360, 361, Harvey, William, 350, 457, 802 363–4, 368, 404, 406, 408, 436, 542, 585, Hecataeus of Abdera, 287, 291, 356, 412 651, see also anatomy, dissection Hedylus, 294, 302, 359–60 and commentary, 301, 363 Hegesias of Cyrene, 292, 376 naming, 361, 364, 368 Helicon (mathematician), 249 Heropythus (historian), 243 heliocentrism, 434–6 Heruli, 724 Heliodorus, 551 Hesiod, 49, 52, 70, 94, 101, 116, 121, 174, 196, 567 Heliodorus (astrologer), 786 Catalogue, 21 Heliodorus (medical author), 53 citations, 59 Hellenica, 127 competition, 173 Hellenization, 40, 531, 625, 643–4, 668, 723, 734 in education, 42 Hellespont, 317 invention of the author, 222, 225 Helpidius (rhetor), 734 papyri, 15, 21, 29, 75 Heraclea Pontica, 314, 317 portraits, 64, 67 Heracles, 138 Ptolemaic era, 39 Heraclides (rhetorical technē), 592 Shield, 21, 98 Heraclides Lembus, 53, 145 Theogony, 21 Heraclides Ponticus, 199, 285, 325, 383, 417, 462 Works and Days, 21, 416, 417 Heraclides the Younger, 145 hexameter, 127, 135, 236, 255, 311 Heraclitus, 65, 168, 170, 307, 322, 403 Hexapla, 753, 757, 781 Heraclitus (paradoxographer), 243 Hibeh, 412 Herculaneum, 32, 43, 66, 192, 389, 393, 444, Hierocles, 49, 76 485, 541 Hieronymus of Cardia, 287, 302 Herennius, 739 Higbie, Carolyn, 515 Herillus, 391 Hilarion, 733 Herington, C. J., 138, 224 Himera, 310 Hermaeus (historian), 602 Hipparchus, 61 Hermagoras of Amphipolis, 391 Hipparchus (astronomer), 251, 253, 299, 355, Herman, Gabriel, 225 414–16, 430, 466, 468–9, 471, 652, 761 Hermarchus, 64, 181, 208, 427 Hipparchus (comic author), 243 hermetic corpus, 739 Hipparchus of Chios, 249–50 Hermias of Atarneus, 281, 326 Hippasus, 247, 739

878 Index

Hippias of Elis, 250 portraits, 64, 67 Hippocrates of Chios, 300 Ptolemaic era, 49 Hippocrates of Cos, 49, 113, 170, 265, 368, 407, rate of circulation, 792 409, 463, 752 scale of corpus, 24 and anonymous authorship, 99–100, 229 homilies, 777 Aphorisms, 22 homocentric spheres, 252, 253 citations, 59, 61 Hopkins, G.M., 217 Epidemics, 363, 384 Hopkins, Keith, 27, 528–9, 531, 534, 537 herbalist, 583 Horace, 150, 481, 489 letters, 604 Ars Poetica, 150 papyri, 15, 22 Hornblower, Simon, 210 portraits, 64 Hosidius Geta, 772 Ptolemaic era, 39 Houston, G. W., 536 Hippocratic corpus, 198, 301, 305, 363, 423, 489, Hunter, Richard, 68, 351, 418–19 633, 634, 766–7 Hypatia, 776, 804 Hippodamus, 164 Hyperides, 19, 64, 67, 70, 71, 211 Hippolytus, 138 papyri, 16 Hipponax, 49, 70 Hypnia, 584 papyri, 16 Hypsicles, 263, 444, 706, 761 Hipponicus, 290 Elements XIV, 444 Hirzel, Rudolf, 382, 388 Historia Augusta, 660, 745 iamb, 367 historiography Iamblichus, 743, 754, 775–6 Roman, 616 Iamblichus (novelist), 551 history, 37, 66, 73, 74, 113, 150, 488, 551, see also Iberia, 734 Herodotus, Thucydides, Xenophon Ibn Rushd, 12, 149, 175 and paradoxography, 360, 368 Ibycus, 49, 65, 67, 214, 279, 413 ﬁrst century BCE, 459, 460, 504–5 Icaria, 373 generic identity, 127, 129, 131 Ictinus, 628 Latin, 616, 658 Idaeus of Himera, 310 local, 371–3, 599, 603, 623 illustrations, 146, 196, 206 number of authors, 598–604 Imperial chairs, 715 papyri, 88 Imperial era, 725, 738 patronage, 681–2 Index Stoicorum, 577 performative, 371 inequality, 625, 639, 640, 642, 645–6, 669, 725 rate of attestation, 600, 649, 655, 657–8, 659, inscriptions, 583, 591, 662, 665–7, 684–6, 694, 661, 662, 682 702, 703, 714, 715–19, 728, 731 rate of survival, 659, 682 musical, 676 spatial distribution, 634 rate of survival, 535, 592 Hobson, D. W., 529 institutions, 246 Hock, Ronald F., 165 Ion of Chios, 144, 170, 204, 311, 320 Hogendijk, Jan P., 301 Ionicus (medical author), 712, 785 Homer, 38, 39, 75, 94, 100, 113, 127, 138, 150, 152, Iran, 507 206, 433, 567, 573 Irenaeus, 57 and cento, 772 isagogic writings, 163, 484, 672, 778 citations, 51, 59, 169, 196, 515, 516, 548 Isaiah (Christian author), 57 competition, 173 Isidore (epigrammatist), 243 Hymns, 98 Isocrates, 49, 94, 116, 184, 213, 216, 230 Iliad, 20, 24, 38, 45, 76, 170, 438 and chreia, 165 in education, 42, 92, 750 Antidosis, 23 in the Stoa, 196, 346, 431 citations, 59, 61–2, 211 Margites, 98 competition, 174, 319 named, 97–8, 223, 226 Cyprian orations, 52, 62 Odyssey, 21, 38, 45 in education, 42, 52 papyri, 15, 18, 20, 21, 29 longevity, 179

Index 879

Panegyricus, 21 L. Varius Rufus, 489 papyri, 15, 20, 21, 23, 29, 93 Lacydes, 387 patronage, 280 Lamari, Anna A., 198, 205 Peace, 21, 123 Lampsacus, 249, 307, 314, 328 portraits, 65, 67 Lang, Philippa, 584 Ptolemaic era, 39 Laodicea, 263, 268 school, 323 Lasus (astronomer), 289 Istrus (grammarian), 295 Lasus (lyric author), 279, 566 Italy, 338, 540 Latin, 712 Iulius Paulus, 713 third centuty CE, 728 Latin drama, 336 Jacoby, 545, 599, 601–2 Latin literature Janiszewski, Pawel, 726 golden age, 511, 515 Jerome, 734, 744, 758, Greek inﬂuence, 515 782, 784 Latinization, 668, 783, 787 John Chrysostom, 777, 784, 795 Lefkowitz, Mary R., 158 Johnson, A. P., 757 Leipon, 623 Johnson, William A., 51, 90, 163, 538 Leith, David, 462 Johnstone, Steven, 540 Lemnos, 331 Jones, Alexander, 46, 418–19, 466 Lennox, James G., 407 Josephus, 551, 681 Leodamas of Thasos, 250 Joyce, James, 137 Leon (mathematician), 250 Juba, 132, 616 Leonidas of Naxos, 286 Julian the Apostate, 711, 765, 773 Leopardi, Giacomo, 185 Julius Africanus, 57, 145 Leptines, 212, 591 jurisprudence, 713, 737, 774 Lermontov, M. Yu., 136, 184 fourth century CE, 786 Lesbos, 246, 307, 314, 317 schools, 737 Leucippe and Clitophon, 137 jurists, 594 Leucippus, 247, 310 rate of attestation, 664 LeVen, Pauline, 572 Justin the Martyr, 691 Levy, Carlos, 475 Justinian, 713, 774 Lewis, Mark, 7, 8 Justinus, 773 Libanius, 17, 597, 702, 708, 712, 718, 744, 775, Juvenal, 683, 684 784, 787, 788 libraries, size of, 40, 51, 73, 75, 78, 94, 121, 122, 125, Kafka, Franz, 217 411, 537–8, 539, 541–2, 544, 607, 608, 609, “Kaisergeschichte”, 660 791, 795 Kaschnitz von Weinberg, Guido, 500 Licinius Macer, 187 Kassel, Rudolf, 564 Life of Aesop, 100 Kaster, Robert A., 596, 693, 712, 729 Lilybaeum, 738 Keats, John, 185 Lindberg, David C., 422, 423 Kemezis, Adam M., 681 literacy, 233, 635 Kepler, 468 modern, 609–10 Keyser, Paul, 583 literary criticism (ancient), 148, 150, 154, 215–16, Kidd, Ian G., 418, 459 292, 294, 295, 473, 474, 486 Kirk, J. S., 312 liturgy, 781 Kleist, Heinrich von, 185 Livy, 255, 774 Knorr, Wilbur R., 251, 456 Lloyd, G. E. R., 1, 7, 422, 423, 799 Koyré, Alexandre, 443 localization, 241, 242–3, 258, 291, 320, 597 Kremmydas, Christos, 212 Lock of Berenice, 361 Kristeva, Julia, 156, 171 logic, 393, 397, 413–14, 442–3, 460 Kroll, Wilhelm, 351 Løkke, Håvard, 440 Kudlien, Fridolf, 406 Lollianus, 17, 592 Kuhn, Thomas, 799 Long, A.A., 328, 390, 427, 437 Kurke, Leslie, 281 longevity, 178–82, 185, 186–7, 220

880 Index

Longinus, 150, 702, 703, 714, 724, 738, 740, 745 Mann, Thomas, 137 Longus, 73 Mansfeld, Jaap, 163, 778 Lord, Albert, 112 Marcellus “the Empiricist”, 772, 785, 788 Lucan, 145, 187 Marcianus of Heracleia, 472 Lucian, 488, 551, 614, 657, 680–3 Marcus Aurelius, 512, 616, 656, 662, 679–80 Lucius of Patrae, 551 Marcus Junius Minucianus, 666 Lucius Tubero, 479 Marius, 515 Lucretius, 187, 481, 488 Marius Maximus, 660 Lucullus, 476, 520 marvels, 358, 360, 369, see also paradoxography Lupercus of Berytus, 712 Masaccio, 185–6 Lyceum, 328, 428, see also Aristotle, Lyco, Strato, Massalia, 266 Theophrastus Massar, Natacha, 586 Lycia, 734 Mates, Benson, 442–3 Lyco, 181, 427–8 mathematics, 300, 305, 368, 444, 502, 504, see also Lycoleon (rhetor), 591 Apollonius of Perga, Archimedes, Lycomedes (medical author), 242 Archytas, Chrysippus:on mathematics, Lycophron, 49, 53, 117, 294, 562 Euclid (mathematician), Hipparchus Alexandra, 22 (astronomer), Ptolemy (astronomer) papyri, 16, 22 and geography, 354, 356 Lycophron (philosopher), 320 and logic, 461 Lycurgus (rhetor), 17, 198, 199, 214, 325 and metropolitan centers, 75 Lycus (Pythagorean), 315 concentration in generational events, 250 Lynch, J. P., 323, 384 deﬁnitions, 365 lyric, 113, 150 education, 763 absence from Byzantine transmission, 70 ﬁrst century BCE, 465–70, 496, 513 and the Symposium, 224 fourth century CE, 761, 789 erudite reception, 37, 85, 91, 195 hiatus in third century CE, 725 female poets, 629 identity as genre, 134, 423, 424, 425 number of authors, 220, 566–8, 628 illustrations, 147 portraits, 66, 68 in manuscript transmission, 72, 74–5 post-classical reception, 196, 214–15 late fourth century BCE, 289 rate of attestation, 566 ludic, 349, 350, 352, 360, 361, 450 rate of survival, 567 number of authors, 556, 579, 581, 587, 606 spatial distribution, 307 philosophical interest, 285, 480, 482 Lysias, 39, 65, 67, 211, 280, 497 rate of attestation, 556, 580, 664 papyri, 16 rate of survival, 555, 557 Lysimachus, 296 spatial distribution, 258–63, 264, 265, 268–9, Lysippus (comic author), 242 276, 307, 314, 344 theoretical and practical, 671–2 Ma, John, 646 titles, 147 MacCoull, Leslie S. B., 56, 191 Mattern, S. P., 582 MacDonald, William L., 688 Maximinus II, 734 Macedon, 280, 326, 327, 354 Maximus (astrologer), 785 Machon, 295 Maximus of Tyre, 484 Macleod, C. W., 516 Mayakovsky, V. V., 186 MacMullen, Ramsay, 666, 684, 720 McNamee, Kathleen, 48, 50, 85, 90, 91 Magnesia, 289 mechanics, 284, 286, 294, 295, 358–60, 369, Magnus of Nisibis, 712, 785 579, 672 mainland Greece, 378, 380 Medea, 138, 139, 141, 174 Maior (rhetor), 733 medical sects, 464 Mallos, 254 medicine, 72, 113, 253, 254, 301, 310, 368, 504, 511, Mamercus, 250 623, see also Erasistratus, Galen, Manetho, 53, 291 Herophilus, Hippocrates of Cos, Manetti, Daniela, 192 Hippocratic corpus Mani, 694 and philosophy, 424, 457, 462–3, 489

Index 881

and poetry, 367, 489 metathesis, 151 anonymous authorship, 99 meteorology, 366, 460 as a profession, 584–5, 586 Methodism, 463, 464 fourth century CE, 765–6, 785, 789 methodology hiatus in third century CE, 702, 711, 725 causality, 724, 760 humor theory, 405 cherry-picking, 130, 158 in Hellenistic courts, 296–8 distant and close readings, 4, 624 number of authors, 579, 584, 587, 595, 598, 606, history of ideas, 443 633, 664 inﬂuence, 418, 444 papyri, 76–7, 88 probabilistic reasoning, 619–20, 694 pneuma, 406 punctuated equilibria, 784, 799 public, 679 quantity and quality, 652 rate of attestation, 580–1, 583, 587, 649, 663 statistics, 5, 25, 27, 28, 29–30, 79, 92, 93, 181, spatial distribution, 265, 268, 276, 289, 319, 344 528, 543, 545, 547, 550, 558 style, 360 structuralism, 127 Megalopolis, 378, 505 technological determinism, 638, 797–8 Megara, 242, 248, 296–8, 313, 314, 317, 378, Metrodorus (Epicurean), 64, 76, 285, 315, 389 409, 478 Metrodorus (medical author), 586 Megarians, 319 Metrodorus of Lampsacus (the elder), 307 Megasthenes, 287, 302, 471 Metrophanes (rhetor), 734, 775 Meleager, 145, 490–1, 513, 569, 571, 583 Meyer, Elizabeth, 684–5 Garland, 491, 569, 575 middle comedy, 140, 208, 324, 335 Melissus, 311 Miletus, 306–10, 314, 317, 318, 321, 477, Melito of Sardis, 57, 145 493, 522 Memphis, 77 Minucianus, 750–1, 753, 775 Men Karou, 254 mirabilia, 360 Menaechmus, 250, 258, 300 Miron, Dan, 781 Menander, 49, 52, 94, 113, 116, 173, 230, 232, 305, Mithridates Eupator, 462, 512 564, 771 Mithridatic Wars, 512, 513–14 career, 184, 206 mixing of genres, 355, 365, 368 citations, 59, 61, 63, 196 Mnemon of Sidon, 363 Dyskolos, 22, 146 Mnesitheus, 289 Epitrepontes, 21 Modigliani, Amadeo, 185–6 frequency of different works, 124–5 Momigliano, Arnaldo, 163 Hypobolimaios, 146 monarchy, 239, 355–6, 522 in education, 42 Monimus, 315 longevity, 179, 183 Moretti, Franco, 142, 148, 216 masks, 336 Morgan, Teresa, 32, 122 Misumenus, 21 Morris, Ian, 2, 103, 228 papyri, 15, 18, 21, 29, 63, 75, 82, 86, 735 Morris, Jason, 675 Periciromene, 146 Moschion (tragedian), 65, 562 portraits, 64, 67 Moschus (bucolic poet), 496 Ptolemaic era, 39 Moschus of Elis, 313 representation in art, 197, 770 Moschus of Lampsacus, 563 standardization, 330–6, 347 Mouritsen, Henrik, 685 survival into Byzantion, 69, 770, 795 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 185 titles, 146 Münscher, Karl, 210 Mendell, Henry, 469 Murray, Oswyn, 209 Menedemus, 313, 325, 375, 378, 386, 412, 417 Mursilus, 287 Menelaus, 53, 543, 761 music, 364, 368, 402, 424, 437, Menippus, 376, 378, 381, 493 440, 441, 467 Menn, Stephen, 446 musical notation, 193, 676–7 Mesomedes, 676, 677 Musonius, 460 Mesopotamia, 338 Myania, 584 Metagenes (architect), 628 Myrtis (lyric author), 566

882 Index

myth, 137, 140, 141, 147, 154, 229, 335, 366, 369, Nünlist, René, 152 371, 499 Nutton, Vivian, 584, 731 Mytilene, 249 Nymphodotus (medical author), 242

Nabokov, Vladimir, 137 O’Neil, Eduard N., 165 Nag Hammadi, 740 obelus, 362 Nagy, Gregory, 112, 224 Ober, Josiah, 228, 623, 626, 640 Naples, 266 obstetrics, 433 natural philosophy, 422 Octavian, 499, see also Augustus Naumachius, 571 Oenopides, 249–50, 320, 633 Nausiphanes, 144 old comedy, 173, 205, 216, see also Aristophanes, Nautin, Pierre, 753 Cratinus, Eupolis Neapolis (Samaria), 733 Old Testament, 101 Nechepso, 53, 367, 464 Oldfather, C. H., 28–30, 37, 39 Neoclides, 250 Olympia, 286, 347 Neo-Kantianism, 228 On Nature, 422 Neophron, 140 Ophelio (comic author), 208 Neoplatonism, 512, 708, 739, 741, 744, 750, 751, Ophellas of Cyrene, 287, 302, 354, 471, 615 754, 759, 775–6, 783, 803 Opillus, 145 and mathematics, 75, 580, 671, 711 Oppian of Anazarbus, 16, 367, 571 Nessas of Chios, 315 Oppian of Apamea, 367 Nestor of Laranda, 367 optics, 354, 439 network effects, 256, 258–63, 277, 290, 304, 305, oratory, 113 315–17, 347, 520 Orbis, 727 new comedy, 146, 173, 205, 206, 306, 335, 337, 347, Oribasius, 88, 580, 702, 708, 711–12, 765–6, 769, 632, see also Menander, Philemon 772–3, 774, 785, 788 “new criticism”, 111, 150, 334 Origen, 56–7, 737, 745, 753–4, 755, 757, 758–9, new music, 548, 572 766, 771, 777–9, 780, 781, 804 Newton, Isaac, 273 Origen (Platonist), 739 Nicander, 17, 49, 496, 652 Oropus, 519 Nicanor (grammarian), 713 Orpheus, 566 Nicarchus II, 17, 34 Osborne, Robin, 112 Nicholaus of Demascus, 483 Ostia, 685 Nicolet, Claude, 519 otium, 517, 523 Nicomachus, 470, 670, 671–2, 673, 675, 677 Otranto, Rosa, 75–6 Nicomedes (mathematician), 251 Ovid, 134, 255, 481 Nicomedia, 715 Metamorphoses, 481 Nicostratus (Academic), 475, 484 Oxyrhynchus, 31–4, 46, 76, 90, 412, 530, 535, Nicostratus of Trapezus, 727 538, 694 Nightingale, Andrea, 171 Nigidus Figulus, 481 Pack, Roger, 28 Nigrinus, 77 Paeonius (architect), 286 Nile, 507 paideia, 548, 732, 735–5, 753, 755, 782, 787, 792 Nile Valley and book ownership, 608, 610 population, 529, 533 and the canon, 779–80, 796 rate of book ownership, 537, 538, 609 context for parodic literature, 100 Ninos (novelist), 495 in Rome, 515 Nolan, Daniel, 452 opposed to military status, 723 Nonnus, 53, 56, 71 Palatine Anthology, 768 notation Palestine, 266 musical, 47 palimpsests, 794–6 Novalis, 185 Palladas, 768 novel, 72, 87, 137, 357, 497, 623, 624, 725 Palme, Bernhard, 534 modern, 142, 147, 155, 606 Palmyra, 724, 738 number of ancient authors, 604–7 Pamphilus, 745, 755–6, 758, 759, 765

Index 883

Pamphilus (grammarian), 145 Pelagonius, 744–5, 785 Pamphilus of Samos, 315 Pella, 54, 326, 410, 416–17 Pamphylia, 734 Pelusion, 258, 266 Pamprepius, 53, 56, 71 Peregrinus Proteus, 614 Panaetius, 181, 459, 461, 467, 477, 513, 519 performance, 123, 153, 213, 257, 283, 346, 368, 522, Pancrates, 17, 53, 571 596, 632, 779, 800 Pandrosion (mathematician), 762, 764 Alexandrian, 305 Panopolis, 53, 56 and authorship, 112–14 Pantheia, 138 and genre, 96, 176, 194, 573 pantomime, 498, 499, 513 and papyrus, 769, 781 Panyassis, 65, 67, 215 Athenian, 233–6, 303, 334, 552, 638 Papinian, 713 lyric, 224–6, 628 Pappus, 171, 351, 450, 556, 580, 581, 710, 712, 761, philosophical, 319, 321, 381, 383 762, 765, 769 Perga, 263 papyri Pergamon, 254, 258, 268, 276, 594, 598 and Egypt, 790 Periander, 307 annotated, 48–50, 770 Pericles, 141, 591 as commodity, 533 Perigenes (medical author), 242 astrology, 730 Periochae, 774 caches, 33, 35, 190 Peripatos, 314, 327, 343, 377–80, 388, 416, 427–8, documentary, 35, 191, 529–30, 531–3, 534, 729, 438, 442, 454, 479, 483–4, see also 731, 780 Aristotle, Lyco, Strato, Theophrastus education, 42–5, 729–30 and Macedon, 409 medicine, 730 influence on Alexandria, 327 music, 47, 676 influence on science, 299 Ptolemaic, 30, 36–9, 40, 54, 196, 206–7, 411, spatial distribution, 338 412, 530, 536, 595 Persaeus, 208, 329, 391, 410, 416 rate of circulation, 789 Memorabilia, 391 titles, 80–1, 85, 542 Perseus (mathematician), 251, 366 paradoxography, 358, 492 Petosiris, 367, 464 paraphrase, 483 Petra, 733 parchment, 758, 770, 789–91, 797 Petronius, 187, 493 Parkin, Tim, 178, 184, 187 PGRSRE, 590 Parmenides, 233, 247, 307–11, 312, 319, 322 Phaedo (Socratic author), 247, 313, 382, 613 Parmenion, 289, 293 Phaedo of Elis, 613 parody, 147 Phaedrus, 181 Parthenius, 17, 49, 492–3, 495, 499, 605 Phanostratus, 562 Pasternak, B. L., 136, 186 pharmacology, 367, 433 Patrocles, 287, 302 Pharos, 355 patronage, 257, 269, 276, 279–83, 287, 290, 300, Pheidias (Archimedes’ father), 251, 289, 355 315, 319, 326, 355, 371 Pherecydes, 169, 307, 312 and medicine, 263–5, 269, 296 Philagrius, 785 as Roman institution, 188 Phileas (geographer), 628 first century BCE, 239 Philemon, 17, 65, 67, 184 Imperial era, 672, 674, 677, 681, 686, 688, Ananeoumene, 146 689–90, 692, 725, 735–6, 737, 741, 766, Hypobolimaios, 146 786, 801 Pareision, 146 Roman, 500, 507, 511, 515, 517, 520, 596 Philicus, 53, 302 Paul the Hermit, 734 Philicus (poet), 294 Paulos (astrologer), 785 Philinus (medical author), 254, 295, 363, 404, 652 Pauly–Wissowa, 545 Philip (epigrammatist), 491 Pausanias, 682 Garland, 571–2 Pausanias of Damascus, 367 Philip of Macedon, 326, 660 Pausimachus, 152 Philippi, 331 Peisistratids, 279 Philippides (comic author), 208

884 Index

Philippus of Mende, 250 Lives of the Sophists, 665, 703, 708, 734, 745, 782 Philippus of Opus, 383 on the Second Sophistic, 595 Epinomis, 383 Philostratus the Elder, 138 Philistion (medical author), 289 Philostratus the Younger, 138 Philistus (historian), 280 Philoxenus, 280 Philitas (grammarian), 292, 296, 302, 363 Phintias (Pythagorean), 315 Glossai, 362 Phlius, 313, 314, 317, 378, 478 Philo Phocion, 212 papyri, 16 Photius, 478, 492, 550–1, 557–8, 602, 708, 755, 765 Philo of Alexandria, 53, 170, 484, 488 Bibliotheca, 550–1 Philo of Byzantium, 295, 359 Phrygia, 254, 734 Philo of Larissa, 477, 520 Phrynichus, 183, 203–4 Philo of Megara, 375 Phylarchus, 357 Philo the Dialectician, 385 Pindar, 13, 49, 94, 113, 122, 138, 189, 223–4, 231, Philocles, 204 233, 305, 351, 413, 567 Philoctetes, 138 and patronage, 280, 281, 283 Philodemus, 33, 192, 325, 329, 343, 389, 396, 442, citations, 59, 61–2, 214 486, 488–90, 492, 518, 622 in education, 42, 52 Index Academicorum, 475 longevity, 179 On Music, 441 papyri, 15, 22, 39, 75, 118 On Poems, 152 portraits, 65, 67 Philolaus, 247, 311, 633 Pirke Avot, 742, 745 Philon (historian), 291 Piso Frugi, 477 Philonides (geometer), 444 Pitane, 289 Philonides (philosopher), 251, 263, 444 Pittacus, 307 Philonides of Thebes, 410 Plague of Cyprian, 723 philosophical chairs, 512 Plato, 49, 94, 113, 150, 189, 230, 235, 249, 305, 315, philosophical schools, 249–50, 285, 314, 322–30, 322, 350, 382, 385, 391, 416, 426, 441, 486, 380, 490, 512, 559, 576–8, 598, see also 487, 567, 569, 581, 615, 632 Academy, Epicureanism, Peripatos, Stoa Alcibiades, 120, 484 routinization, 306, 329–30, 337, 347, 399 Amatores, 250 scholarchs, 181 and big libraries, 24, 122, 411, 795 philosophy, 72, 74–5, 88, 113, 135, 228, 246, 296, and mathematics, 250, 258, 285, 424–5, 466 see also Aristotle, Chrysippus, and the Academy, 322, 324–5, 326–7 philosophical schools, Plato, Porphyry, Apology, 613 Posidonius biographical tradition, 164, 613 and comedy, 337, 346 citations, 59, 61 citations, 61 commentaries, 207, 482–4 ﬁfth century BCE, 233 competition, 174, 319 fourth century BCE, 207, 208 consistency of genre, 131 hiatus in third century CE, 702 Cratylus, 473 interest in science, 150, 423, 425–6 dialogism, 171 literary style, 375, 376 distribution of papyri, 118–19, 120 number of authors, 560–1, 574, 576, 587, 595 Hippias, 250 papyri, 37, 39, 76 immediate response, 207–9, 313 portraits, 64, 65–6 in Neoplatonism, 751, 753, 775 rate of attestation, 575, 578, 650, 655, 661, 662 Laches, 119 scale of writing, 318, 321 Laws, 24, 119 spatial distribution, 306, 307–11, 312, 313, longevity, 179 314–15, 317–19, 337–8, 378 Menexenus, 11, 171, 174 spatial structure, 629 on medicine, 430 third century CE, 738 papyri, 15, 23, 29, 75, 538 Philostephanus, 295 Parmenides, 11, 120 Philostratus of Athens, 73, 591, 680, 702–3, 710, patronage, 280 714, 718–19, 721, 726, 733, 780 Phaedo, 23, 119, 162

Index 885

Phaedrus, 23, 119, 171, 538 Polyclitus, 144, 628 Philebus, 480 Polycrates, 279, 282 portraits, 64 Polyeuctus the Sphettian, 211 Protagoras, 171 Polymnestus (lyric author), 566 Ptolemaic era, 39 Polyphemus, 138 Republic, 23, 120, 164, 390 Polystratus, 389 Sophist, 120 Pompē, 357 Statesman, 119–20 Pompeii, 685 Symposium, 133, 171 Pompeius Trogus, 774 Theaetetus, 120 Pompey, 479, 507, 519, 520 Timaeus, 120, 386, 390, 424, 427, 428, 480 Pontus, 512 Platon, 143 Popper, Karl, 803 Platonism, 285, 319, 328, 337, 402, 477, 479, 484, Porphyry, 737–8, 745–59, 764, 766, 775–6, 487, 511 777, 779 Plautus, 336 and mathematics, 711 Pleiad, 562 Life of Plotinus, 693, 741, 782 Pliny the Elder, 588, 623, 661, 663 prosopography, 702, 703, 714 Pliny the Younger, 135 Porphyry’s tree, 767 Plistanus of Elis, 313 portraits, 63–5, 66–8, 163, 199, 216, 490, 492, 500 Plotinus, 702, 710–11, 719, 740, 748–51, 753, 759, Posidippus, 53, 54, 65, 67, 145, 294, 302, 371 776, 782 papyri, 17 as teacher, 738, 747–8 Posidonius, 421, 436, 438–9, 458–61, 464–6, 467, patronage, 738, 741 472, 476–7, 480, 511, 652, 752 textual practices, 484, 748 and Rhodes, 505–7, 513, 519, 520 Plotius (grammarian), 712 On the Ocean, 505 Ploutogenes (mime), 499 papyri, 76–7 Plutarch, 133, 171, 345, 396, 458, 464, 615, 654, 661, portraits, 65 662, 676, 682 Tactics, 501–5 as author, 484, 488 Posidonius of Alexandria, 294 as historian, 141 posthumous fame, 206, 217, 219 citations of past authors, 547–50, 557, 561, Potamon of Alexandria, 482, 491 574–5, 587, 594, 598, 600, 602, 648 Powell, J. G. F., 519 Life of Demosthenes, 211 Pratinas, 204 Moralia, 547–8, 549–50, 560 Praxagoras, 431 On Common Conceptions, 448–50, 451, 453–4 Praxilla, 628 On the Face in the Moon, 434–6 Praxiphanes, 207, 378–80, 381 On the Malice of Herodotus, 599 Presocratics, 169, 171, 228, 307, 317, 321, 400, papyri, 15, 93, 709 409, 423 Stoic Self-Contradiction, 394–6, 414, 429 Priestley, Jessica, 210 use of Homer, 51 Priscillian of Avila, 734 Plutarch (Neoplatonist), 776 Priscus, 76, 187 Plutarch, Ps., 601 Proclus, 11, 174, 235, 250, 258, 285, 445, 447, 580, pneuma, 432, 439 581, 711 pneumatism, 433, 464 In Euclidem, 445, 447 poetry Proclus (teacher of Philostratus), 703 number of authors, 561, 568, 572, 573, 606 Proculian school, 665 rate of attestation, 569, 570, 572 Proculus, 737 spatial distribution, 371 progymnasmata, 166 Poitiers, 733 Prohairesius, 732 Polemarchus (mathematician), 249 Propertius, 187 Polemo, 328, 329, 385, 404, 427 prose ﬁction, 667 polis of letters, 779, 800 Protagoras, 65, 67, 144, 310 Polyaenus (historian), 133 Protagoras (mathematician), 249 Polybius, 210, 357, 464, 471, 504, 505, 514, 518, 652 Protarchus of Bargylia, 444, 477 polycentrism, 268, 315–18 protreptic, 743, 746, 755, 756, 759, 762, 764

886 Index

Proust, Marcel, 137 Rhianus, 17, 53 Ptolemaic court, 291 Rhinthon, 292, 296 Ptolemy (astronomer), 53, 467, 468, 469, 657, Rhodes, 242, 245, 277, 289, 307, 459, 473, 477, 664, 674–5, 690, 762 507, 513, 519, 520 commentaries, 710, 751, 753, 763–4 Richter, G. M. A., 63, 500 generic identity, 134, 273 Rimbaud, Arthur, 185, 186 Handy Tables, 23, 45, 47 Robertson, David G., 452 papyri, 16, 23 Robinson, James M., 740 Tetrabiblos, 465 Rogatianus (Neoplatonist), 741 Ptolemy I Soter, 287, 291, 302, 303 Romanization, 723 Ptolemy II Philadelphus, 302, 357, 418 Rome, 245, 477, 514–15, 519–22, 593, 738, 801 Ptolemy III Euergetes, 302, 410 center of science, 266–9, 278 Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II, 651 ﬁrst century BCE, 462, 465, 472, 477, 481, 487, Ptolemy VIII Physcon, 473, 475 498, 499, 505, 507 Puech, Bernadette, 592–3, 666, 667, 726 golden age, 255, 511, 657–8, 668 pulse, 298, 364, 407 literary practices, 188, 515–17, 616, 684 Purgoteles, 294 reception of Greek literature, 276, 336, 515 Pushkin, A. S., 136, 184 rhetoric, 212, 497–8, 589, 680 Pydna, Battle of, 505 Rostovtzeff, Michael, 29 Pyrrho, 247, 378, 386, 478 routinization of charisma, 306, 325, 328–30, 337, Pyrrho of Elis, 376 347, 384, 387, 390, 426 Pyrrhonists, 479 Rufus, 76, 583 Pyrrhus, 287 Russo, Lucio, 365 Pythagoras, 247, 250, 307, 312, 318, 322, 366, 423, Rutilius Palladius, 773 480, 481, 743, 747 Pythagoreanism, 285, 310–12, 315, 321, 402, 437, Sabinian school, 665 441, 480, 481, 634, 671, 739, 743 Sabinus, 737 Pytheas of Massalia, 287, 354 Sacadas (lyric author), 566 Pythodorus, 392 Saller, Richard, 686, 688–9 Pyzyk, Mark, 589, 627, 631 Sallustius, 488 Empedoclea, 481 quellenforschung, 603 Sambursky, Samuel, 403, 442 Quintilian, 163 Samnites, 344 Quintus Aelius Tubero, 519 Samos, 258, 279, 281–2, 296–8, 307, 315, 328, 331 Sandbach, F. H., 428 Raphael, 185–6 Sanders, L. J., 303 rate of authorship, 618 Sanskrit, 567 Rathbone, Dominic, 732 Sappho, 39, 49, 59, 60, 68, 70, 116, 214, 222, 246, Raven, J. E., 312 413, 567, 573 Ravenna, 43 papyri, 15, 23 Rawson, Elizabeth, 462 Sarapion monument, 677–8, 679 rhetoric, 72, 119, 123, 143, 150, 151, 153, 184, 212, Sarton, George, 422, 423, 443 346, 373, 381, 398, 483, 488, 551, 680 Satyrus, 17 change from big to small libraries, 36, 211, 330, Savirius Pollo, 417 497–8, 501 Scepsis, 314 education, 611 Scheidel, Walter, 180, 182, 304, 607–8, 640, 641, fourth century CE, 786 646, 669, 720 Hellenistic era, 650 Schiele, Egon, 185–6 number of authors, 588–90, 591, 594–5, 597–8, Schoﬁeld, Malcolm, 312, 345 606, 612, 627, 628, 629, 714, 725 scholarchs, 181, see also philosophical schools portraits, 66 scholarship, 48, 50 rate of attestation, 590–1, 593–5, 665–7 scholia, 152, 156, 555, 597, 600, 601, 769, 771 third century CE, 718 Schubert, Franz, 185 rhetorical chairs, 593, 612, 680, 702, see also science, 348–9, 421, 456–7 philosophical chairs Scipio Aemilianus, 519

Index 887

Scribonius Largus, 772 avoidance of writing, 311, 629, 741 scripture, 781 canonization, 208, 382 Scylax, Ps., 287, 470 portraits, 64 Second Sophistic, 73, 112, 133, 497, 589, 590, Socrates (medical author), 242 591–2, 593, 598, 605, 656, 667, 668, 709 Socratic dialogues, 373 Sedley, David, 248, 390, 427, 431, 449, 476, 477, Soli, 338, 343, 416 486, 489, 490, 513, 575, 743 Solon, 168, 170, 226, 307 Sefrin-Weis, Heike, 764 Sopater, 294 Selden, Daniel L., 351, 604 Sopater (philosopher), 775 Seleucids, 366 Sopater (poet), 294 Seleucus I, 287, 296, 302 Sophistic rhetors, 594 Semonides, 172 Sophists, 310, 633, 634 senatorial order, 607 Sophocles, 49, 94, 116–17, 138, 150, 165, 184, Seneca, 134, 460, 501, 613, 662, 668 199–200, 203, 205, 206–7, 231, 233 Seneca the Elder, 590 big libraries, 91, 122 Septimius Severus, 660, 722 citations, 59, 60 Serapion, 254 competition, 173 Serapion (medical author), 404 longevity, 178, 179 Serapion of Alexandria, 273 papyri, 15 Serenus, 710, 721 portraits, 64 Serres, Michel, 402 Ptolemaic era, 39 service industries, 269, 367, 598, 664, 677, 679, Sophron, 17 714, 725, 730, 737, 786, see also astrology, Soranus, 53, 145, 583 grammar, medicine Sosicrates, 354 Seven Sages, 164, 166, 307 Sosicrates (Academic), 475 Severus, 702 Sosicrates (geographer), 354 Severus (medical author), 242 Sosigenes (philosopher), 252 Sextus Empiricus, 171, 478–9, 700, 743 Sositheus (poet), 294, 562 Shelley, P. B., 185 Sostratus (poet), 495 Shklovsky, V. B., 216 Sostratus of Cnidus, 293 Sicily, 266, 312 Sotion (peripatetic), 338 Sidon, 266 south Italy, 312 silver age, 255 Sparta, 224, 232, 307, 640 Simias (grammarian), 277 Speusippus, 165, 181, 207, 324–5, 329, 383, 385 Simmias, 382 Sphaerus, 294, 391, 410, 433 Simon (author of dialogues), 77, 144, 382, 612–13 sphragis, 143 Simon (rhetorical technē), 592 Sporus, 145 Simonides, 49, 70, 214, 246 St. Hilary, 733 papyri, 16 Starr, Raymond J., 188 Simplicius Staseas of Naples, 477 De Caelo, 482 Statilius Attalus, 585 Sinope, 345 Stephanus of Byzantium, 600, 601 Siphnus, 265 Stephens, Susan, 44 Siro, 518 Stesichorus, 39, 49, 65, 67, 70, 150, 162, 214 Sisenna, 493 papyri, 16, 24 Skepticism, 344, 380, 387, 408, 448, 478–9, 742 Stilpo, 248, 292, 313, 329, 376, 378, 391, 409 Skeptics, 714 Stoa, 329, 387, 391, 392, 399, 426, 427, 428, skolion, 224 459–62, 479, 485, 504–5, 512, 714, 752, slavery, 276, 362, 614, 677, 685 see also Chrysippus, Cleanthes, Small, J. P., 139, 142 Posidonius, Zeno of Citium Smyrna, 310, 315, 594 and Aratus, 416–18, 419–20 Snell, Bruno, 102, 228, 233, 495, 561–3, 564 knowledge of mathematics, 443, 445, 446, 447, Socrates, 133, 174, 230, 247, 248–9, 280, 317–18, 448, 450, 451, 453–4, 455, 461 319, 327, 345, 399, 425–6, 427, 613, 615 knowledge of medicine, 429, 430–1, 433, 464 as charismatic ﬁgure, 306, 313, 321–2, 325, 423 knowledge of science, 434, 435–6, 438–9

888 Index

Stoa (cont.) Terpander, 170, 222, 566 lack of interest in science, 421 Thabatha (Palestine), 733 papyri, 76 Thales, 65, 229, 247, 250, 312 physics, 403, 432 Thasos, 310, 373 pneuma, 432 Theaetetus, 250, 258, 300, 424 spatial distribution, 338, 344 Theaetetus (poet), 294 wave theory, 439–40 theaters, 331, 345 Stoa of the Paintings, 329 spatial distribution, 333, 337 Stobaeus, 439 Thebae Phthiodites, 331 Stoicism, 418, 419, 420, 459, 460, 461, 480, 485, Thebaid, 734 504–5, 512, 752 Thebes, 378 Stoics, 714 Theiodamas, 138 Strabo, 354, 438, 460, 471–2, 480, 486, 505, 682 thematic lock, 321, 400, 456, 490, 522 papyri, 16 Themison, 76, 463–4 Strato, 181, 292, 296, 302, 314, 344, 388, 398, Theocritus, 49, 53, 59, 94, 117, 138, 162, 174, 255, 409–10, 425, 427, 428 294, 302, 352, 371 Strato (medical author), 295 Idylls, 22 Stridon (Dalmatia), 734 papyri, 15, 22 Stroup, S. C., 517 Theodas (medical author), 77 style, 150–1, 153, 176 Theodorus (mathematician), 250 Suda, 200, 204, 391, 554, 601, 712, 734 Theodorus of Cyrene (philosopher), 292, 328 Suetonius, 145, 682 Theodorus Priscianus, 785 Sulla, 464, 487, 512, 513, 616 Theodosius (grammarian), 768 “Summaries of the Alexandrians”, 767 Theodosius (mathematician), 761 Sumner, G. V., 590 Theodosius I, 772 sundials, 361 Theodosius II, 774 Supplementum Hellenisticum, 570, 572 Theognis, 17, 49 Svenbro, Jesper, 234 Theon (medical author), 712 Syme, Ronald, 679 Theon (rhetor), 53 Symmachus, 788 Theon of Alexandria, 776 symposium, 51, 67, 224–5, 233, 358, 360, 492 Theon of Gaul, 785 sympotic literature, 171, 172, 488 Theon of Smyrna, 470, 482, 484 Syracuse, 258, 265, 280–1, 290, 303, 304, 314, 315, Theonas, 57 371, 629 Theophilus, 57 Syria, 268, 344, 507 Theophrastus, 65, 77, 144, 181, 207, 211, 285, 327, Syriac, 712 329, 387–8, 398, 408, 425, 427, 576, 748 Syros, 307 Characters, 412 On Signs, 416, 418 Tacitus, 488, 668, 682 papyri, 17 tactics, 459, 502, 504–5 Theopompus (comic author), 208 Tanner, Jeremy, 500, 518 Theopompus of Chios, 180, 357, 660 Tannery, Paul, 694 Thespis, 65, 66, 413 Taplin, Oliver, 138, 140, 197 Thessalus, 76, 464 Tarentum, 314–15 Theudius of Magnesia, 250 Tarsus, 268 Thomas, Edmund, 688 taxation, 679 Thomas, Rosalind, 234 technical writing Thrace, 242, 310 number of authors, 561, 579, 588, 606 Thrasyalces of Thassus, 310, 320 teleology, 407 Thrasyllus, 143, 467, 486, 487 Teles, 377, 378, 381, 385 Thrasymachus, 310 Telesilla, 628 Thucydides, 11, 49, 94, 113, 141, 151, 189, 230, 235, Tenedos, 307 489, 505, 551, 630, 632, 681 Teos, 314 citations, 59 Tepedino, Adele, 444 competition, 174, 356 Terence, 336 early reception, 209–10

Index 889

longevity, 179 Varro Atacinus, 187 papyri, 15, 22, 29, 76 vases, 138, 142, 197 portraits, 64, 67 survival, 534–5 Ptolemaic era, 39 Venetus A, 713, 769 Tiberius, 467 Vergil, 135, 187, 489, 712 Tibullus, 187 Aeneid, 135 Tieleman, Teun, 431 and cento, 772 Timaeus of Taormina, 287 Eclogues, 135 Timocharis, 251, 292, 298, 299, 302, see also Georgics, 135 Aristyllus verism, 500, 507, 518 Timomachus, 140–1 Verlaine, Paul, 186 Timon of Phlius, 144, 247, 376, 378, 381, 386, Vernant, Jean-Pierre, 1 478–9 Verus, 682 Timosthenes, 295 Vespasian, 679 Timotheus, 17, 65, 67, 223, 280, 413 Vettius Valens, 269, 713 Timotheus of Eleusis, 293 Villa dei Papiri, 622 titles, 143, 147, 154, 361 Vindicianus, 785 Tolsa, C. D., 674 Vision of Dorotheus, 56 Tolstoy, L. N., 99, 136 Vita Herodotea, 157 Torjesen, K. J., 754 Vitruvius, 286, 675, 773 Torquatus (rhetor), 734 vivisection, 253, see also anatomy, dissection tragedy, 85, 113, 133, 149–50, 173, 196, 199, 205, Vlastos, Gregory, 444 346, 373, 413, 568, 573, see also Aeschylus, Von Arnim, Hans, 393, 403, 435, 454 Astydamas, Euripides, Sophocles Von Staden, Heinrich, 298, 364, 406–7, 582 and pantomime, 498–9 Hellenistic era, 37, 39, 650 Wallace-Hadrill, Andrew, 644 number of authors, 560, 561, 606, 627, 629 Watts, Edward, 744 portraits, 66 Weber, Max, 330, 337 rate of attestation, 553, 554, 564, 570, 578 West, Martin L., 98 rate of survival, 552–3, 554, 555, 557, 559 western Greek world, 307–10, 312, 315, 318, 321, transmission, 501 331, 371, 382, 423, 481, 628 Trebenna, 734 western Mediterranean, 505, 507 Triphiodorus, 17, 53, 56 White, Peter, 188 Tryphon, 17, 53 Whitmarsh, Tim, 677 Tubero, 520 Whittaker, Helene, 746 Turgenev, I. S., 136 Wietzke, Johannes, 577, 670, 689 Turner, E. G., 27 Wilcox, A. R., 516 Turpin, William, 774 Williams, Megan, 757, 758 Tybjerg, Karin, 359 Wilson, Andrew, 669, 720 tyranny, 279, 281 Wisse, Jakob, 498 Tyre, 263, 338 Woolf, Greg, 685 Tyrrhanion, 487 Wordsworth, William, 185 Tyrtaeus papyri, 17 Xanthus (lyric author), 566 Xenagoras (geographer), 354 Ulpian, 675, 713 Xenarchus (mime), 280 Upper Nile Xenocrates, 181, 325, 326, 328, 329, 385, 387, 391, population, 539 404, 424, 427, 428 Xenophanes, 169, 307, 320 Valantasis, Richard, 740 Xenophilus of Chalcidice, 315 Valens, 773, 786 Xenophon, 49, 94, 127, 138, 161, 174, 189, 209, Vallance, J. T., 462 230, 280, 382, 551, 613, 615, 632 Van Gogh, Vincent, 185–6 citations, 59, 60 Van Haelst, Joseph, 56 Cyropaedia, 23 Varro, 488, 493, 520 Hellenica, 24, 127

890 Index

Xenophon (cont.) on Homer, 390 in education, 42 on science, 285, 396, 431–2, 436, longevity, 179 439, 443, 451 Memorabilia, 23 origins, 338, 343, 643 papyri, 15, 23, 29, 75–6 Republic, 485 portraits, 65, 67 Zeno of Cyprus, 712, 785 Ptolemaic era, 39 Zeno of Elea, 11, 247, 310, 311 Xenophon (medical author), 292 Zeno of Sidon, 444, 467 Zenobia, 738 Yavetz, Ido, 469 Zenodorus, 251 Yehuda HaNasi, 742 Zenodorus of Tyre, 475, 477 Yellow Emperor, 229 Zenodotus, 277, 294, 302, 362 Zenon archive, 35, 191 Zagagi, Neta, 335 Zethus (medical author), 711 Zeno, 64 Zetzel, J. E., 517 Zeno of Alexandria, 475 Zeuxis, 280 Zeno of Citium, 208, 329, 345–6, 380, 387, 389, zoology, 407 390, 391, 410, 416, 417, 426–7, 428, 435–6 Zoroaster, 747 and founding of the Stoa, 329 Zosimus, 694 Memorabilia, 390 Zuiderhoek, Arjan, 720