3 Exploraciones Arqueológicas En Los
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“Charlie Chaplin” Figures of the Maya Lowlands
RITUAL USE OF THE HUMAN FORM: A CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS OF THE “CHARLIE CHAPLIN” FIGURES OF THE MAYA LOWLANDS by LISA M. LOMITOLA B.A. University of Central Florida, 2008 A thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Anthropology in the College of Sciences at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Summer Term 2012 ©2012 Lisa M. Lomitola ii ABSTRACT Small anthropomorphic figures, most often referred to as “Charlie Chaplins,” appear in ritual deposits throughout the ancient Maya sites of Belize during the late Preclassic and Early Classic Periods and later, throughout the Petén region of Guatemala. Often these figures appear within similar cache assemblages and are carved from “exotic” materials such as shell or jade. This thesis examines the contexts in which these figures appear and considers the wider implications for commonly held ritual practices throughout the Maya lowlands during the Classic Period and the similarities between “Charlie Chaplin” figures and anthropomorphic figures found in ritual contexts outside of the Maya area. iii Dedicated to Corbin and Maya Lomitola iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank Drs. Arlen and Diane Chase for the many opportunities they have given me both in the field and within the University of Central Florida. Their encouragement and guidance made this research possible. My experiences at the site of Caracol, Belize have instilled a love for archaeology in me that will last a lifetime. Thank you Dr. Barber for the advice and continual positivity; your passion and joy of archaeology inspires me. In addition, James Crandall and Jorge Garcia, thank you for your feedback, patience, and support; your friendship and experience are invaluable. -
UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Divination & Decision-Making: Ritual Techniques of Distributed Cognition in the Guatemalan Highlands Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2v42d4sh Author McGraw, John Joseph Publication Date 2016 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Divination and Decision-Making: Ritual Techniques of Distributed Cognition in the Guatemalan Highlands A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology and Cognitive Science by John J. McGraw Committee in charge: Professor Steven Parish, Chair Professor David Jordan, Co-Chair Professor Paul Goldstein Professor Edwin Hutchins Professor Craig McKenzie 2016 Copyright John J. McGraw, 2016 All rights reserved. The dissertation of John J. McGraw is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Co-chair ___________________________________________________________ Chair University of California, San Diego 2016 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page …....……………………………………………………………… iii Table of Contents ………………….……………………………….…………….. iv List of Figures ….…………………………………………………….…….……. -
Found.1 the Two Best Known Examples Are Copan and Quirigua, and in Each Case Local Stones Were Quarried
VI. TWO UNUSUAL MAYA STELAE John A. Graham and Howel Williams As is generally known, the Maya lowlands comprise a vast province of massive limestone deposits. Since these limestones are usually exposed or only slightly buried, ready material in unlimited abundance was ordinarily available for the cutting of building stone, for reduction to lime for mortar, and for the carving of sculptures and other monuments. At a number of Maya lowland sites quarries have been observed in the sites, or their immediate vicinity, and there has been little reason to suspect the long distance transport of large and heavy stone for monuments as was characteristic of the ancient Olmec civilization in its principal sites of La Venta and San Lorenzo. For the most part it is only on the peripheries of the Maya lowlands that major non-limestone monuments and architectural constructions are found.1 The two best known examples are Copan and Quirigua, and in each case local stones were quarried. At Quirigua in the lower Motagua Valley, separated from the Maya lowlands proper by the Santa Cruz range, ignimbrites, not immediately available but probably transported from no great distance, and local sandstones were employed in monument carving as well as in archi- tecture. At Copan in the foothills of southwestern Honduras, even farther removed from the true Maya lowlands, ignimbrite from the Copan Valley was preferred to the local limestone. At Maya sites within the lowlands proper, non-limestone monuments or architectural constructions are very rare, and the major example is Altar de Sacrificios on the lower Pasion where during the Early Classic period local sandstone supplied the material for both monuments and architecture until after 9.10.0.0.0 (A.D. -
Can We Read Cosmology in Ancient Maya City Plans? Comment on Ashmore and Sabloff
0~rlprr CAN WE READ COSMOLOGY IN ANCIENT MAYA CITY PLANS? COMMENT ON ASHMORE AND SABLOFF Michael E. Smith Argumentsfor the cosmological significance of ancient Maya city layouts are plausible, but empirical applications are sub- jective and lack rigor. I illustrate this contention through brief comments on a recent article by Ashmore and Sabloff. I first discuss some of the complexities and pitfalls in studying cosmology from ancient city plans, and then focus on one compo- nent of the authors' cosmological model-the hypothesized north-south axis at Classic Maya cities. My goal is not to down- play or rule out the role of cosmology in Maya city planning, but rather to encourage the use of explicit assumptions and rigorous methods that will provide the study of Maya city planning with a more secure empirical foundation. Los argumentos para el significado cosmologico de las trazas de las ciudades antiguas mayas son plausibles, pero las apli- caciones empiricas son subjetivas y carecen de rigor Ilustro este idea con unos comentarios sobre un articulo reciente de Ash- more y Sabloff. Primero discuto algunas de las complejidades y problemas en el estudio de la cosmologia basado en los planos de las ciudades antiguas. Segundo, examino una parte del modelo cosmologico de los autores-el propuesto eje norte-sur en las ciudades mayas. Mi objetivo no es disminuir ni negar el papel de la cosmologia en la planeaci6n urbana Maya; mds bien es fomentar el uso de asunciones explicitas y metodos rigurosos para dar al estudio de la planeacion urbana una fundacion empirica mds segura. -
A Distinctive Maya Architectural Format: the Lamanai Temple
8 A Distinctive Maya Architectural Format: The Lamanai Temple . H. Stanley Loten Introduction At Lamanai, as at Tikal, the ancient Maya maintained and repeated the same distinctive temple form over a Towering pyramidal temples, arresting dynastic significantly long time span at different locations portraits, fantastic.mythological figures; they leap to within the site. This review outlines the Lamanai our eyes from the forest canopy, from incised stelae example and considers comparable patterns of and from sculptured mask panels. 1l1ese are the great variation in architectural forms of pyramid-temples at signature pieces of Maya artistic production. They other sites in the Maya area. cap the ruins that initially attracted archaeological attention, and they continue to draw world-class As a secondary theme I am concerned with the con tourism to the Maya area. A constant· stream of ceptual role played by the pyramid, and with the vacationers shuffles past these great works, now underlying reasons that impelled the Maya to include cleared and restored. But they are seen merely as such costly and time-consuming features as prominent curiosities touted to sell excursions from Caribbean parts oftheir major temples. It is generally taken more resorts. In ancient times, however, they were certainly or less for granted that Maya pyramids were employed not for holiday amusement; they .were central to the to raise the "temples" at their summits to a civic and political life of Maya communities. Over commanding position of height (see, for example, centuries the Maya invested an enormous amount of Stierlin 1968:96). This view of the structures is time, energy, skill and resources in their production, certainly correct, and the idea has obvious value; I and their functioning is generally acknowledged to suspect, however, that it may not be the whole story. -
High-Precision Radiocarbon Dating of Political Collapse and Dynastic Origins at the Maya Site of Ceibal, Guatemala
High-precision radiocarbon dating of political collapse and dynastic origins at the Maya site of Ceibal, Guatemala Takeshi Inomata (猪俣 健)a,1, Daniela Triadana, Jessica MacLellana, Melissa Burhama, Kazuo Aoyama (青山 和夫)b, Juan Manuel Palomoa, Hitoshi Yonenobu (米延 仁志)c, Flory Pinzónd, and Hiroo Nasu (那須 浩郎)e aSchool of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0030; bFaculty of Humanities, Ibaraki University, Mito, 310-8512, Japan; cGraduate School of Education, Naruto University of Education, Naruto, 772-8502, Japan; dCeibal-Petexbatun Archaeological Project, Guatemala City, 01005, Guatemala; and eSchool of Advanced Sciences, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, 240-0193, Japan Edited by Jeremy A. Sabloff, Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, and approved December 19, 2016 (received for review October 30, 2016) The lowland Maya site of Ceibal, Guatemala, had a long history of resolution chronology may reveal a sequence of rapid transformations occupation, spanning from the Middle Preclassic period through that are comprised within what appears to be a slow, gradual transi- the Terminal Classic (1000 BC to AD 950). The Ceibal-Petexbatun tion. Such a detailed understanding can provide critical insights into Archaeological Project has been conducting archaeological inves- the nature of the social changes. Our intensive archaeological inves- tigations at this site since 2005 and has obtained 154 radiocarbon tigations at the center of Ceibal, Guatemala, have produced 154 ra- dates, which represent the largest collection of radiocarbon assays diocarbon dates, which represent the largest set of radiocarbon assays from a single Maya site. The Bayesian analysis of these dates, ever collected at a Maya site. -
Where Is Lowland Maya Archaeology Headed?
Journal of Archaeological Research, Vol. 3, No. L 1995 Where Is Lowland Maya Archaeology Headed? Joyce Marcus 1 This article isolates three important trends in Lowland Maya archaeology during the last decade: (1) increased use of the conjunctive approach, with renewed appreciation of context and provenience; (2) waning use of the label "unique" to describe the Maya; and (3) an effort to use the Lowland Maya as a case study in social evolution. KEY WORDS: Maya archaeology; conjunctive approach; direct historic approach. INTRODUCTION I have been asked to review the last decade of Lowland Maya ar- chaeology and discuss any major trends that can be discerned. The task presents numerous problems, not the least of which is the fact that one has little time to deliberate on data so newly produced. I also do not want to run the risk of extolling current research at the expense of that done by our predecessors. Finally, the volume of literature on Maya archaeology has been increasing so rapidly in recent years that one cannot hope to do more than cite a fraction of it. I have tried to compensate for this by in- cluding a 400-entry bibliography at the end of the review. At least three major trends can be seen in the last decade of Lowland Maya archaeology, and I organize my presentation around them. The first trend is a substantial increase in the integration of multiple lines of evi- dence-in effect, what Walter W. Taylor (t948) called "the conjunctive ap- proach" (Carmack and Weeks, 1981; Fash and Sharer, 1991, Marcus, 1983; Sabloff, 1990). -
Texto De La Tesis
UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN CARLOS DE GUATEMALA ESCUELA DE HISTORIA ÁREA DE ARQUEOLOGÍA “Estudio del desarrollo de una tradición: las escalinatas jeroglíficas de la región de Petexbatun y Usumacinta.” JORGE MARIO ORTIZ DE LEÓN Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción, Guatemala C. A., septiembre de 2004 UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN CARLOS DE GUATEMALA ESCUELA DE HISTORIA ÁREA DE ARQUEOLOGÍA “Estudio del desarrollo de una tradición: las escalinatas jeroglíficas de la región de Petexbatun y Usumacinta.” TESIS Presentada por: JORGE MARIO ORTIZ DE LEÓN Previo a conferírsele el Grado Académico de LICENCIADO EN ARQUEOLOGÍA Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción, Guatemala C. A., septiembre de 2004 UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN CARLOS DE GUATEMALA ESCUELA DE HISTORIA AUTORIDADES UNIVERSITARIAS RECTOR: Dr. Luis Alfonso Leal Monterroso SECRETARIO: Dr. Carlos Enrique Mazariegos AUTORIDADES DE LA ESCUELA DE HISTORIA DIRECTOR: Lic. Ricardo Danilo Dardón Flores SECRETARIO: Lic. Óscar Adolfo Haeussler Paredes CONSEJO DIRECTIVO DIRECTOR: Lic. Ricardo Danilo Dardón Flores SECRETARIO: Lic. Óscar Adolfo Haeussler Paredes Vocal I: Lic. Óscar Rolando Gutiérrez Vocal II: Lic. Carlos René García Escobar Vocal III: Lic. Julio Galicia Díaz Vocal IV: Est. Luis Domingo Cóbar Sáenz Vocal V: Est. Ingrid Berzabé Serech Pérez COMITÉ DE TESIS Arquitecto Federico Fahsen Ortega Maestro Edgar Carpio Rezzio Licenciado Héctor Leonel Escobedo Ayala Dedicado a Francia Monzón AGRADECIMIENTOS Inicialmente, quiero manifestar mi sincero agradecimiento a mis padres, Mario Ortiz Pérez y Leticia de Ortiz, así como a mis abuelos -
9 Notas Recientes De Investigación Arqueológica
9 NOTAS RECIENTES DE INVESTIGACIÓN ARQUEOLÓGICA DE RESCATE EN SITIOS CERCANOS A COMUNIDADES AL SUROESTE DEL PARQUE NACIONAL YAXHA-NAKUM-NARANJO Paulino I. Morales Keywords: Arqueología Maya, Guatemala, Petén, La Quemada Corozal, laguna Yaxha, San Clemente, reconocimiento, arquitectura, estilo talud-tablero, Preclásico, Clásico Temprano, Clásico Tardío, Clásico Terminal Con carácter preliminar se dan a conocer los resultados de la documentación arqueológica recién efectuada en los sitios La Quemada Corozal, Ta Aj Corozal y Torre Corozal. Estos sitios se localizan al sureste del Parque Nacional Yaxha-Nakum-Naranjo, a 8 km al norte de la aldea El Zapote. El análisis preliminar de la información recolectada en campo permite conocer aspectos cronológicos en que estos sitios fueron ocupados, rasgos constructivos y acerca de la configuración de los asentamientos. También se hizo un pequeño análisis comparativo de los patrones de plaza que conforman los centros ceremoniales para comprender el carácter jerárquico de los sitios localizados en sus alrededores. Los datos recabados provienen de la documentación de sitios arqueológicos que el programa PROSIAPETEN realiza en el noreste del departamento de Petén. Estos trabajos comprendieron el levantamiento topográfico con brújula Brunton y cinta de 60 m de longitud, el dibujo de 56 trincheras de depredación, la excavación de seis pozos de sondeo para control estratigráfico, y la clasificación por industria de los materiales arqueológicos recuperados. Los lotes fueron fechados siguiendo los criterios del sistema Tipo-Variedad, la correlación cronológica de las ocupaciones registradas en sitios relativamente cercanos, y por rasgos arquitectónicos ampliamente conocidos. Las actividades de campo y laboratorio se desarrollaron en los meses de marzo, abril y mayo del 2004, con el apoyo de cinco parejas de excavación y 20 personas dedicadas al relleno, liberación de malezas y operaciones logísticas. -
Análisis Iconográfico De La Escultura Arquitectónica De Mundo Perdido
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Biblioteca Digital de la Universidad de Alcalá EHSEA, N" 15 I Julio-Diciembre 1997, pp. 7-41 I.- ARTÍCULOS ANÁLISIS ICONOGRÁnCO DE LA ESCULTURA ARQUITECTÓNICA DE MUNDO PERDIDO, TIKAL: PERÍODOS PRECLÁSICO TARDÍO Y CLÁSICO TEMPRANO Luis T. Sanz Castro (Universidad Complutense de Madrid) RESUMEN: En este artículo se ofrece el primer análisis iconográfico sistemático de la esculmra arquitectónica hallada en Mundo Perdido, un área rimal situada en la gran ciudad maya de Tikal, Guatemala. En términos cronológicos, el estudio se limita a la esculmra producida entre los años 100 a.C. y 550 d.C. Puesto que el análisis presentado es eminentemente comparativo, se establecen paralelos con otras formas artísticas encontradas en Tikal y en otros lugares de las Tierras Bajas mayas. ABSTRACT: Excavations carried out at the Mundo Perdido área of the Maya city of Tikal, Guatemala, uncovered some interesting examples of architectural sculpmre dating from 100 B.C. to A.D. 550. Although already published in printed form, these sculptures were still awaiting an in-depth study in iconographic terms. This article thus represents the first systematic, comparative iconographic analysis of the representational imagery embodied in this sculptural genre; in such analysis, special attention is paid to other art forms and visual configuration found in Tikal and elsewhere in the Maya Lowlands. Este artículo tiene como objetivo fundamental el ofrecer un análisis iconográfico de la esculmra arquitectónica de Mundo Perdido, un espacio arquitectónico rimal que se encuentra en la gran ciudad maya de Tikal, Guatemala (Figura 1). -
The Pre-Classic Ceramic Sequence of Punta De Chimino, Petén, Guatemala
S.E.E.M. Presidente: Andrés Ciudad Ruiz Secretario: Pedro Pitarch Ramón Vocales: Julián López García Alfonso Lacadena García-Gallo M.a Josefa Iglesias Ponce de León Tesorero: Jesús Adánez Pavón MAYAB N.o 19: Directora: M.a Josefa Iglesias Ponce de León Subdirector: Jesús Adánez Pavón Consejo Editorial: José Miguel García Campillo (Universidad Complutense de Madrid), Andrés Ciudad Ruiz (Universidad Complutense de Madrid) Comité Científico: Marie Charlotte Arnauld (C.N.R.S. UMR ((Archéologie des Amériques}»), Stephen Houston (Brown University, Providence), Juan Pedro Laporte (Universidad de San Carlos, Guatemala) y Mario Humberto Ruz (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México) Los índices de los artículos publicados en Mayab, son recogidos en AIO, Anthropogical Literature, HAPI, HLAS, ISOC- América Latina, Catálogo Latindex y FRANCIS. La correspondencia relacionada con la S.E.E.M. deberá remitirse a: SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE ESTUDIOS MAYAS. Departamento de Historia de América 11 (Antropología de América). Facultad de Geografía e Historia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid 28040 (España) Correo electrónico: [email protected] Teléfono: (34) 91·394·5785. Fax: (34) 91·394·5808 Página WEB: http://www.ucm.es/info/america2/seem.htm Depósito legal: SE. 360/1985 ISSN 1130-6157 Compuesto e impreso por Fernández Ciudad, S. L. Diseño de la revista: Antonio Agudo Portada: Calakmul. Vista general de los murales de la Esquina Sureste de la Estructura 1, Sub 1-4, Acrópolis Norte o Chiik Nahb. Gentileza del Proyecto Arqueológico Calakmul. Contraportada: Un h-meen del poblado maya de Nunkiní (Campeche), prepara el altar para rea lizar la ofrenda anual de alimentos a los Yum k'aaxo'ob o Señores del Monte (Fotografía de David de Ángel). -
Ancient Maya: the Rise and Fall of a Rainforest Civilization Arthur Demarest Frontmatter More Information
Cambridge University Press 0521533902 - Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Rainforest Civilization Arthur Demarest Frontmatter More information Ancient Maya The Rise and Fall of a Rainforest Civilization In this new archaeological study, Arthur Demarest brings the lost pre- Columbian civilization of Maya to life. In applying a holistic perspec- tive to the most recent evidence from archaeology, paleoecology, and epigraphy, this theoretical interpretation emphasizes both the brilliant rainforest adaptations of the ancient Maya and the Native American spirituality that permeated all aspects of their daily life. Demarest draws on his own discoveries and the findings of colleagues to reconstruct the complex lifeways and volatile political history of the Classic Maya states of the first to eighth centuries. He provides a new explanation of the long-standing mystery of the ninth-century abandonment of most of the great rainforest cities. Finally, he draws lessons from the history of the Classic Maya cities for contemporary society and for the ongoing struggles and resurgence of the modern Maya peoples, who are now re-emerging from six centuries of oppression. is the Ingram Professor of Anthropology at Van- derbilt University, Tennessee. For more than twenty-five years he has directed archaeological field excavations at ancient sites in the highlands, coasts, and rainforests of Central America and is considered a leading authority on the Olmec, Aztec, Inca, and, particularly, the ancient Maya civilizations. © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521533902 - Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Rainforest Civilization Arthur Demarest Frontmatter More information Case Studies in Early Societies Series Editor Rita P.