Development of an Interim Preliminary Draft Iridium Safetycast Service Manual

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Development of an Interim Preliminary Draft Iridium Safetycast Service Manual E MARITIME SAFETY COMMITTEE MSC 101/11/1 101st session 5 March 2019 Agenda item 11 Original: ENGLISH Pre-session public release: ☒ NAVIGATION, COMMUNICATIONS AND SEARCH AND RESCUE Development of an interim preliminary draft Iridium SafetyCast service manual Submitted by IHO and WMO SUMMARY Executive summary: This document provides details on the progress achieved, since formal recognition at MSC 99 of Iridium as a recognized mobile satellite service in the GMDSS, in the development of an interim preliminary draft Iridium SafetyCast service manual to support the work required during the interim operational phase. The draft text is submitted in the annex to this document. Strategic direction, Other work if applicable: Output: OW 6 Action to be taken: Paragraph 8 Related documents: NCSR 6/23; NCSR 6/9/6 and NCSR 6/INF.17 Introduction 1 At MSC 99, the Committee approved the recognition of the Iridium mobile satellite system as a recognized mobile satellite service in the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GDMSS). In document NCSR 5/14/2, reporting on its technical and operational assessment of the Iridium mobile satellite system, IMSO identified the need for "IMO to make available a generic, or Iridium-specific MSI manual" (NCSR 5/14/2, paragraph 10.3). IMSO also stated that "arrangements for the shore-to-ship transmissions of MSI in the Iridium system will be finalized following IMO's approval of an Iridium-specific MSI manual, which is currently in development with the IHO" (NCSR 5/14/2, annex, paragraph 3.2.13). 2 MSC 99 also adopted amendments to SOLAS chapter IV which are expected to enter into force on 1 January 2020 (resolution MSC.436(99)). The necessity for operational information about this service to be made available before 1 January 2020 was identified. I:\MSC\101\MSC 101-11-1.docx MSC 101/11/1 Page 2 3 As reported to the NCSR Sub-Committee at its previous two sessions (NCSR 4/11/1, paragraph 4, and NCSR 5/9, paragraph 4) and acknowledged by IMSO, the provider of the Iridium system has been working with the IHO's World-Wide Navigational Warning Service (WWNWS) Sub-Committee and the WMO's Worldwide Met-Ocean Information and Warning Service (WWMIWS) Committee on the development of an interim preliminary draft manual. This has also included working with the WWNWS-SC Document Review Working Group (DRWG), which is attended by representatives of METAREAs, NAVAREAs and the International SafetyNET Coordinating Panel, whose members include the Organization, IHO, WMO and IMSO. Discussion 4 An initial interim draft manual was submitted to the 15th meeting of the DRWG; significant advice and suggested amendments were provided to the Iridium representative to assist in the further development of the manual. When a further draft was presented to the 9th meeting of the WWNWS-SC, it appeared that this had not been enacted and considerable remedial work was required prior to further review at the 16th meeting of the DRWG. 5 Due to the emergent work requested of the DRWG immediately after NCSR 5, the document was not formally reviewed until the 17th meeting of the DRWG immediately after NCSR 6. However, considerable intersessional work has been undertaken by the Chair of the WWNWS-SC and the International SafetyNET Coordinating Panel with the Iridium provider to guide their work in preparation for DRWG17. 6 It was evident at the DRWG17 meeting that considerable effort had been focused on progressing the text, and much of the recommended additions and changes had been included. The DRWG17 undertook a comprehensive page-by-page review of the draft presented by the Iridium representative. A number of further amendments, additions and deletions were identified, all of which were agreed and considered achievable within the time available prior to the submission deadline for MSC 101. 7 The WWNWS-SC and the WWMIWS-C consider that the text in the annex is now sufficiently mature and developed to be made available as an interim preliminary draft Iridium SafetyCast service manual for use by NAVAREA and METAREA Coordinators and RCC staff to support the operational testing of the Iridium satellite services during the initial operational phase. In a similar manner that the provisional system information for the Inmarsat Fleet Safety was made available prior to inclusion in the International SafetyNET Services manual, it is recommended that the text of this interim preliminary draft Iridium SafetyCast service manual is circulated under a separate MSC Circular prior to future publication of a final authoritative version of the manual, when approved. Action requested of the Committee 8 The Committee is invited to: .1 note the significant progress made in drafting this interim Iridium SafetyCast service manual over the past two years; .2 note that work will continue at the 18th meeting of the Document Review Working Group and the 12th meeting of the WWNWS-SC; and .3 note that the presented draft of the Iridium SafetyCast service manual is considered to be sufficiently developed to be approved by the Committee for circulation as an interim preliminary draft Iridium SafetyCast service manual providing sufficient support to the work required during the initial operational phase of the Iridium mobile satellite services. *** I:\MSC\101\MSC 101-11-1.docx MSC 101/11/1 Annex, page 1 ANNEX INTERIM IRIDIUM SAFETYCAST SERVICES MANUAL DRAFT EDITION Foreword SOLAS regulation IV/12.2 states that "Every ship, while at sea, shall maintain a radio watch for broadcasts of maritime safety information on the appropriate frequency or frequencies on which such information is broadcast for the area in which the ship is navigating". In 2013, a submission was made to the Maritime Safety Committee (MSC), at its ninety-second session, for evaluation of the Iridium mobile-satellite system against the criteria for provision of mobile satellite communication systems in the GMDSS. In 2018, the MSC, at its ninety-ninth session, adopted resolution MSC.451(99) on Statement of recognition of the maritime mobile satellite services provided by Iridium Satellite LLC, including Iridium's enhanced group calling service. It was noted an operational manual, similar to the International SafetyNET Manual, is necessary. The Committee also acknowledged the role of the IMO International SafetyNET Coordinating Panel that worked on behalf of the Committee with respect to the implementation of the provision of maritime safety information in accordance with the guidance material approved by the Committee. Since then, the Iridium enhanced group call service has been named "Iridium SafetyCast". This document provides an Interim Iridium SafetyCast services manual. It should be used to facilitate the testing and evaluation of Iridium SafetyCast services. A revision of this text will be submitted to the Maritime Safety Committee, through the session of the Sub-Committee on Navigation, Communications and Search and Rescue (NCSR), to be held in 2021. The agreement of the International Hydrographic Organization, the World Meteorological Organization, the International Mobile Satellite Organization and the active participation of other bodies would be sought, according to the nature of the proposed amendments. The adopted version of the Iridium SafetyCast services manual would facilitate the full transition of Iridium SafetyCast services from Initial Operating Capability (IOC) to Full Operating Capability (FOC). Due to differences in the structure and operation of the Iridium mobile-satellite system compared with the Inmarsat system generally and SafetyNET in particular, this Interim Manual has been produced to describe the Iridium system and its capability for promulgating Maritime Safety Information (MSI) and Search and Rescue (SAR) communications. This Interim Manual has been prepared with the cooperation of the IHO WWNWS Sub-Committee and the WMO/IOC-JCOMM WWMIWS Committee. This Manual should be read alongside the Joint IMO/WMO/IHO Manual on Maritime Safety Information, in its most recent edition, which provides detailed guidance on MSI and SAR communication composition and promulgation. 1 General information 1.1 The Iridium SafetyCast service is a satellite-based service for the promulgation of Maritime Safety Information (MSI), navigational and meteorological warnings, meteorological forecasts, Search and Rescue (SAR) related information and other urgent safety-related messages to ships. 1.2 The Iridium SafetyCast service fulfils an integral role in the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) developed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and incorporated into the 1988 amendments to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974, as amended, as a requirement for ships to which the Convention applies. I:\MSC\101\MSC 101-11-1.docx MSC 101/11/1 Annex, page 2 1.3 This "Interim" Manual describes the structure and operation of the Iridium SafetyCast system. It is intended primarily for national Administrations and registered information providers, but may also be useful to the mariner who requires more operational information than is found in manufacturers' equipment manuals. 2 Iridium SafetyCast service 2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 The Iridium SafetyCast service provides shipping with navigational and meteorological warnings, meteorological forecasts, shore-to-ship distress alerts, SAR-related information and other urgent information in accordance with SOLAS requirements. It provides an automatic method of broadcasting messages to both fixed and variable
Recommended publications
  • Known Impacts of Tropical Cyclones, East Coast, 1858 – 2008 by Mr Jeff Callaghan Retired Senior Severe Weather Forecaster, Bureau of Meteorology, Brisbane
    ARCHIVE: Known Impacts of Tropical Cyclones, East Coast, 1858 – 2008 By Mr Jeff Callaghan Retired Senior Severe Weather Forecaster, Bureau of Meteorology, Brisbane The date of the cyclone refers to the day of landfall or the day of the major impact if it is not a cyclone making landfall from the Coral Sea. The first number after the date is the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) for that month followed by the three month running mean of the SOI centred on that month. This is followed by information on the equatorial eastern Pacific sea surface temperatures where: W means a warm episode i.e. sea surface temperature (SST) was above normal; C means a cool episode and Av means average SST Date Impact January 1858 From the Sydney Morning Herald 26/2/1866: an article featuring a cruise inside the Barrier Reef describes an expedition’s stay at Green Island near Cairns. “The wind throughout our stay was principally from the south-east, but in January we had two or three hard blows from the N to NW with rain; one gale uprooted some of the trees and wrung the heads off others. The sea also rose one night very high, nearly covering the island, leaving but a small spot of about twenty feet square free of water.” Middle to late Feb A tropical cyclone (TC) brought damaging winds and seas to region between Rockhampton and 1863 Hervey Bay. Houses unroofed in several centres with many trees blown down. Ketch driven onto rocks near Rockhampton. Severe erosion along shores of Hervey Bay with 10 metres lost to sea along a 32 km stretch of the coast.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual, 2008
    U.S. Government Printing Offi ce Style Manual An official guide to the form and style of Federal Government printing 2008 PPreliminary-CD.inddreliminary-CD.indd i 33/4/09/4/09 110:18:040:18:04 AAMM Production and Distribution Notes Th is publication was typeset electronically using Helvetica and Minion Pro typefaces. It was printed using vegetable oil-based ink on recycled paper containing 30% post consumer waste. Th e GPO Style Manual will be distributed to libraries in the Federal Depository Library Program. To fi nd a depository library near you, please go to the Federal depository library directory at http://catalog.gpo.gov/fdlpdir/public.jsp. Th e electronic text of this publication is available for public use free of charge at http://www.gpoaccess.gov/stylemanual/index.html. Use of ISBN Prefi x Th is is the offi cial U.S. Government edition of this publication and is herein identifi ed to certify its authenticity. ISBN 978–0–16–081813–4 is for U.S. Government Printing Offi ce offi cial editions only. Th e Superintendent of Documents of the U.S. Government Printing Offi ce requests that any re- printed edition be labeled clearly as a copy of the authentic work, and that a new ISBN be assigned. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800 Fax: (202) 512-2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402-0001 ISBN 978-0-16-081813-4 (CD) II PPreliminary-CD.inddreliminary-CD.indd iiii 33/4/09/4/09 110:18:050:18:05 AAMM THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE STYLE MANUAL IS PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION AND AUTHORITY OF THE PUBLIC PRINTER OF THE UNITED STATES Robert C.
    [Show full text]
  • Mariner's Guide for Hurricane Awareness
    Mariner’s Guide For Hurricane Awareness In The North Atlantic Basin Eric J. Holweg [email protected] Meteorologist Tropical Analysis and Forecast Branch Tropical Prediction Center National Weather Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 2000 Internet Sites with Weather and Communications Information Of Interest To The Mariner NOAA home page: http://www.noaa.gov NWS home page: http://www.nws.noaa.gov NWS marine dissemination page: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/marine/home.htm NWS marine text products: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/marine/forecast.htm NWS radio facsmile/marine charts: http://weather.noaa.gov/fax/marine.shtml NWS publications: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/nwspub.htm NOAA Data Buoy Center: http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov NOAA Weather Radio: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/nwr National Ocean Service (NOS): http://co-ops.nos.noaa.gov/ NOS Tide data: http://tidesonline.nos.noaa.gov/ USCG Navigation Center: http://www.navcen.uscg.mil Tropical Prediction Center: http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/ High Seas Forecasts and Charts: http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/forecast.html Marine Prediction Center: http://www.mpc.ncep.noaa.gov SST & Gulfstream: http://www4.nlmoc.navy.mil/data/oceans/gulfstream.html Hurricane Preparedness & Tracks: http://www.fema.gov/fema/trop.htm Time Zone Conversions: http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/zones.html Table of Contents Introduction and Purpose ................................................................................................................... 1 Disclaimer ...........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997
    The IUCN Species Survival Commission Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997 Edited by Sarah L. Fowler, Tim M. Reed and Frances A. Dipper Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 25 IUCN The World Conservation Union Donors to the SSC Conservation Communications Programme and Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management: Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997 The IUCN/Species Survival Commission is committed to communicate important species conservation information to natural resource managers, decision-makers and others whose actions affect the conservation of biodiversity. The SSC's Action Plans, Occasional Papers, newsletter Species and other publications are supported by a wide variety of generous donors including: The Sultanate of Oman established the Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund in 1990. The Fund supports Action Plan development and implementation. To date, more than 80 grants have been made from the Fund to SSC Specialist Groups. The SSC is grateful to the Sultanate of Oman for its confidence in and support for species conservation worldwide. The Council of Agriculture (COA), Taiwan has awarded major grants to the SSC's Wildlife Trade Programme and Conservation Communications Programme. This support has enabled SSC to continue its valuable technical advisory service to the Parties to CITES as well as to the larger global conservation community. Among other responsibilities, the COA is in charge of matters concerning the designation and management of nature reserves, conservation of wildlife and their habitats, conservation of natural landscapes, coordination of law enforcement efforts as well as promotion of conservation education, research and international cooperation.
    [Show full text]
  • Manual on Marine Meteorological Services
    Manual on Marine Meteorological Services Volume I – Global Aspects Annex VI to the WMO Technical Regulations 2012 edition Updated in 2018 WEATHER CLIMATE WATER CLIMATE WEATHER WMO-No. 558 Manual on Marine Meteorological Services Volume I – Global Aspects Annex VI to the WMO Technical Regulations 2012 edition Updated in 2018 WMO-No. 558 EDITORIAL NOTE The following typographical practice has been followed: Standard practices and procedures have been printed in bold. Recommended practices and procedures have been printed in regular font. Notes have been printed in smaller type. METEOTERM, the WMO terminology database, may be consulted at http://public.wmo.int/en/ resources/meteoterm. Readers who copy hyperlinks by selecting them in the text should be aware that additional spaces may appear immediately following http://, https://, ftp://, mailto:, and after slashes (/), dashes (-), periods (.) and unbroken sequences of characters (letters and numbers). These spaces should be removed from the pasted URL. The correct URL is displayed when hovering over the link or when clicking on the link and then copying it from the browser. WMO-No. 558 © World Meteorological Organization, 2012 The right of publication in print, electronic and any other form and in any language is reserved by WMO. Short extracts from WMO publications may be reproduced without authorization, provided that the complete source is clearly indicated. Editorial correspondence and requests to publish, reproduce or translate this publication in part or in whole should be addressed
    [Show full text]
  • Storm Tide Study Final Report
    Townsville and Thuringowa City Councils Townsville-Thuringowa Storm Tide Study Final Report Part C – Appendices April 2007 Appendix A Tropical Cyclone Aivu – 1989 41/13819/352264 Townsville-Thuringowa Storm Tide Study 1 Final Report The deterministic accuracy of the numerical wind, wave and storm tide models has been further demonstrated here by a hindcast of the effects of tropical cyclone Aivu during its landfall in Upstart Bay in 1989. Background Severe tropical cyclone Aivu developed from a low pressure region off the south-east tip of Papua New Guinea on 31st March 1989 (BoM 1990) and was named by the Port Moresby Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre on 1st April. It continued on a south to south-west path for the next three days before making landfall at the mouth of the Burdekin River immediately east of the town of Home Hill at 10:30 AM EST (04/04 00:30 UTC6). Figure A1 shows the path of the storm throughout its life and indicates the location of the important AWS (Automatic Weather Stations) of Willis Island, Holmes Reef and Flinders Reef near its path. Figure A1 Lifetime track of severe tropical cyclone Aivu (times in UTC) The intensity of Aivu was estimated by the Bureau of Meteorology based on the Dvorak (1984) method, which utilises Enhanced Infrared Imagery (EIR) satellite images to infer the maximum surface wind speed and associated central pressure. Official estimates placed Aivu at its most intense on 03/04 00:00 6 UTC refers to the universal time convention, identical to GMT – Greenwich Mean Time, for practical purpose.
    [Show full text]
  • International Hydrographic Organization Annual Report 2017
    INTERNATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC ORGANIZATION ANNUAL REPORT 2017 Published by the International Hydrographic Organization – Monaco P-7 © Copyright International Hydrographic Organization 2018 This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted in accordance with the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (1886), and except in the circumstances described below, no part may be translated, reproduced by any process, adapted, communicated or commercially exploited without prior written permission from the Secretariat of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO). Copyright in some of the material in this publication may be owned by another party and permission for the translation and/or reproduction of that material must be obtained from the owner. This document or partial material from this document may be translated, reproduced or distributed for general information, on no more than a cost recovery basis. Copies may not be sold or distributed for profit or gain without prior written agreement of the IHO Secretariat and any other copyright holders. In the event that this document or partial material from this document is reproduced, translated or distributed under the terms described above, the following statements are to be included: “Material from IHO publication [reference to extract: Title, Edition] is reproduced with the permission of the IHO Secretariat (Permission No ……./…) acting for the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), which does not accept responsibility for the correctness of the material as reproduced: in case of doubt, the IHO’s authentic text shall prevail. The incorporation of material sourced from IHO shall not be construed as constituting an endorsement by IHO of this product.” “This [document/publication] is a translation of IHO [document/publication] [name].
    [Show full text]
  • Effective Preparedness Through National
    Weather and Climate Resilience and Climate Weather Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized DIRECTIONS IN DEVELOPMENT Environment and Sustainable Development Weather and Climate Resilience Public Disclosure Authorized Effective Preparedness through National Rogers and Tsirkunov Meteorological and Hydrological Services David P. Rogers and Vladimir V. Tsirkunov Public Disclosure Authorized Weather and Climate Resilience DIRECTIONS IN DEVELOPMENT Environment and Sustainable Development Weather and Climate Resilience Effective Preparedness through National Meteorological and Hydrological Services David P. Rogers and Vladimir V. Tsirkunov © 2013 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 16 15 14 13 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. Note that The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content included in the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of the content contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Fishes of Northern Gulf of Thailand Ii Iii
    2013/10/01 15:28:18 Tomohiro Yoshida·Hiroyuki Motomura· Prachya Musikasinthorn·Keiichi Matsuura 表紙.indd 1 i Fishes of northern Gulf of Thailand ii iii Edited by Tomohiro Yoshida, Hiroyuki Motomura, Prachya Musikasinthorn and Keiichi Matsuura Photographed by Mizuki Matsunuma and Tomohiro Yoshida iv Copy Right © 2013 by the National Museum of Nature and Science, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, and Kagoshima University Museum All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means with- out prior written permission from the publisher. Copyrights of the specimen photographs are held by the Kagoshima University Museum. For bibliographic purposes this book should be cited as follow: Yoshida, T., H. Motomura, P. Musikasinthorn and K. Matsuura (eds.). 2013 (Sept.). Fishes of northern Gulf of Thai- land. National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, and Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima. viii + 239 pages. ISBN 978-4-905464-03-7 Cover designed by Masatoshi Meguro Corresponding editor: Hiroyuki Motomura (e-mail: [email protected]) v Preface The Gulf of Thailand although relatively shallow with an average depth of 50 m, con- sists of a vast expanse of the Southeast Asian seas with approximately 350,000 km2. During the last ice age in the Pleistocene, about 12,000 years ago, sea levels have been estimated as being about 100–150 m lower than at present, and the current Gulf of Thailand was then a part of Sundaland. This suggests that fishes currently occurring in the Gulf of Thailand have only relatively recently settled themselves in the Gulf from outside Sundaland.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards a System of Ecologically Representative Marine Protected
    10 Notes on Current Protection and Management within Recommended Areas _____ 452 10.1 Nuyts Archipelago, St Francis Isles and Coastal Embayments (Murat Bioregion) ____________452 10.2 Baird Bay to Cape Bauer (including nearshore islands) (Murat/Eyre Bioregions Boundary) ___453 10.3 Venus Bay and Surrounds (Eyre Bioregion) ___________________________________________453 10.4 Investigator Group of Islands (Eyre Bioregion) ________________________________________454 10.5 Thorny Passage (Eyre Bioregion) ____________________________________________________455 10.6 Sir Joseph Banks Group and Dangerous Reef (including Tumby Bay) (Eyre Bioregion) ______455 10.7 Neptune Islands Group (Eyre Bioregion) _____________________________________________456 10.8 Gambier Islands Group (Eyre Bioregion) _____________________________________________456 10.9 Franklin Harbor and Surrounding Waters (Spencer Gulf/North Spencer Gulf Bioregions Boundary) ___________________________________________________________________________457 10.10 Upper Spencer Gulf (North Spencer Gulf Bioregion)___________________________________457 10.11 South-Eastern Spencer Gulf (Spencer Gulf Bioregion) _________________________________459 10.12 Western Investigator Strait, between the “Toe” of Yorke Peninsula and Northern Kangaroo Island (Eyre/Gulf St Vincent Biregion Boundary)___________________________________________460 10.13 North-Western, Western and South-Western Kangaroo Island (Eyre Region)______________461 10.14 Southern Eyre (Eyre Bioregion) ____________________________________________________461
    [Show full text]
  • K-12 Standards for Social Studies
    Attachment B R I G O R • R E L E V A NCE •RELATI ONSHIP S • R I G O R • R E L E V A N CE •RELATI ONSHIP S •RI GOR • R E L E V A NCE • R E L A T I O N S H I P S • R I G O R • R E L E V A N CE • R E L A T I ONSH I P S • R IGO R • R E L R ELATI ONSH I P S • R I G O R • R E L E V A N C E R E L A T I O N S H I P S • R I G O R • R E L E V A N CE • •R I G O R • R E L E V A NCE • R E L A T I O N S H I P S • R I G O R • R E L E V A NCE • R E L A T I O N S H I P S • R I G R E L E V A N C E • R E L A T I O N S H I P S • R I G O R • R E L E V A NCE •R E L A T I ONS H I P S • R I G O R • R E L E Michigan K-12 Standards Social Studies 2 CONTENTS The Goals of Social Studies ............................................ 3 Michigan’s Grade Level Content Expectations for Social Studies .
    [Show full text]
  • Canids: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan
    IUCN/Species Survival Commission Foxes, Wolves, Jackals and Dogs Canids: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan The Species Survival Commission (SSC) is one of six volunteer commissions of IUCN – The World Conservation Union, a union of sovereign states, government agencies and non- governmental organisations. IUCN has three basic conservation objectives: to secure the conservation of nature, and especially of biological diversity, as an essential foundation for the future; to ensure that where the Earth’s natural resources are used this is done in a wise, Canids: Foxes, Wolves, equitable and sustainable way; and to guide the development of human communities towards ways of life that are both of good quality and in enduring harmony with other components of the biosphere. Jackals and Dogs A volunteer network comprised of some 8,000 scientists, field researchers, government officials and conservation leaders from nearly every country of the world, the SSC membership is an unmatched source of information about biological diversity and its conservation. As such, SSC Edited by Claudio Sillero-Zubiri, Michael Hoffmann members provide technical and scientific counsel for conservation projects throughout the world and serve as resources to governments, international conventions and conservation and David W. Macdonald organisations. IUCN/SSC Action Plans assess the conservation status of species and their habitats, and specifies conservation priorities. The series is one of the world’s most authoritative sources of Survey and Conservation Action
    [Show full text]