Part 2 – Key Species Groups

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Part 2 – Key Species Groups Species groups: Phytoplankton Part 2 – Key Species Groups 4 Species groups 4.1 Phytoplankton Principal contributors Luke Twomey Paul Van Ruth Other contributors Anya Waite Peter Thompson Species group name and description The term phytoplankton usually refers to autotrophic planktonic organisms in the euphotic zone (surface lit waters) of an aquatic ecosystem. Phytoplankton communities are largely comprised of protists from a diverse range of taxonomic classes including; glaucophytes, green algae, cryptomonads, chrysophytes, haptophytes, diatoms, dinoflagellates, apicomplexa, euglenoids and cerozoa. Prokaryotic Cyanobacteria are also included in the phytoplankton. The definition of phytoplankton however, is not straight forward, complicated by the ability of some taxa to change their modes of nutrition. Many dinoflagellates for example, are heterotrophic able to obtain nutrients through phagocytosis. Additionally, mixotrophs have the ability to combine heterotrophy and autotrophy (Jansson et al. 1996). Generally the decision whether on not to include particular organisms within the phytoplankton is subjective, typically left to the individual researcher to determine whether or not the organism is autotrophic or not. More often than not, the whole protist community are included as phytoplankton if they are filterable on a glass fibre filter or equivalent. Traditionally taxonomists have identified phytoplankton using light microscopy and in more recent decades electron microscopy. Modern techniques enable resolution of individual cells down to about 5 μm. Phytoplankton are generally defined by three size classes, microplankton (20-200μm), nanoplankton (2- 20μm) and picoplankton (0.2-2μm) (Sieburth et al. 1978). Diatoms and dinoflagellates are the most abundant of the micro and nanoplankton size classes (Jeffrey and Vesk 1997), and were for many years thought to be responsible for the majority of oceanic primary production. More recent studies have suggested that photosynthetic picoplankton may also play an important role in carbon fixation in the ocean, especially in oligotrophic waters where they may be responsible for up to 90% of primary production (Stockner 1988). 144 Species groups: Phytoplankton In more recent years High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) has been used to supplement traditional light microscopy by evaluating the relative concentration of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls, carotenoids etc.) in the phytoplankton community, which can be used as markers of phytoplankton taxa (Mantoura and Llewellyn 1983). HPLC methods are very useful in regions where there are large proportions of nano- and pico-plankton that would otherwise go undetected. Recent data from shelf, slope and open- ocean off Western Australia suggest that the phytoplankton are dominated by nano- and pico-plankton, which comprise ca. 90% of the biomass (Thompson, unpublished data). While measurements of phytoplankton photo-pigments would appear to be a more accurate method to evaluate phytoplankton community composition and relative biomass, there are still serious issues regarding the conversion of pigments to phytoplankton species groups. Primarily, software such as the well-developed CHEMTAX program depend on initial ratios between pigments and cell counts to initialize their analysis. Studies have shown that proper initialization is crucial for accurate estimation, but that ratios are highly variable between water masses and need to be determined separately for different oceanographic regions. Phytoplankton are the start of the food chain in the ocean, and provide the organic compounds required for the survival of higher trophic levels through photosynthesis. As micro-organisms in a dynamic environment, phytoplankton are dependent on oceanographic processes like upwelling and vertical mixing to bring nutrients from great depths to levels where they may be utilized for photosynthesis. The dynamic nature of these processes means both nutrients and phytoplankton are distributed randomly through the water column, and phytoplankton are exposed to constantly fluctuating nutrient supplies and light intensities. The following report is divided into two separate sections which describe the phytoplankton of (1) the Western Australian and (2) South Australian regions. 145 Species groups: Phytoplankton Western Australia Data available A detailed guide to dominant dinoflagellate species throughout Australia is provided by (Wood 1954). The dominant dinoflagellate flora of SW planning area is outlined in this publication. Early Russian cruises documented phytoplankton community composition in the oceanic waters off the coast of Western Australia (Markina 1974; Markina 1976). A comprehensive study of phytoplankton and zooplankton dynamics were conducted in Cockburn Sound and Warnbro Sound, adjacent to Perth from 1991-1994 (Helleren and John 1997). This study presents the most comprehensive and taxonomically sound list of phytoplankton taxa for the coastal waters of Western Australia. The 1995 mass mortality of pilchards (Sardinops sagax) prompted an investigation of the water quality and phytoplankton community composition in the waters of Rottnest Island off the coast of Perth, and Dongara and Geraldton north of the SW planning area in June 1995 (Griffin et al. 1997a). In their recent report on phytoplankton biomass levels of Western Australian coastal and estuarine waters, (Pearce et al. 2000) clearly demonstrate that there is a paucity of near-shore, coastal and oceanic data in south-west Australia. However, in the past 5 years there has been an increased focus on continental shelf, shelf-break and deep water phytoplankton dynamics off the coast of Western Australia, led by research teams from CSIRO Marine Research and the University of Western Australia, Centre from Water Research. A four year study of phytoplankton response to wastewater discharge on inshore shelf-waters was conducted near Perth provided a detailed phytoplankton taxonomy of integrated water column samples from 8 sites, including sites near waste-water outfalls and distal control sites (Figure 4.1.1) (Thompson and Waite 2003). A detailed phytoplankton species list was generated using light microscopy of preserved samples collected from 1996- 2000 (Table 4.1.1). An honours dissertation by Congdon (2003) from the Centre for Water Research at the University of Western Australia investigated nitrogen fixation along a transect from Fremantle to Rottnest in May and August 2003. The study reported the presence several organisms capable of N fixation including the ubiquitous non-heterocystous cyanobacteria Trichodesmium genus. Importantly the pico-planktonic size fraction was responsible for the majority of N-fixation off the WA coast (Congdon 2003). 146 Species groups: Phytoplankton (Fearns et al. 2005) conducted a study to validate ocean colour products derived from SeaWiFS satellite data along a 40 km offshore transect located 20 km north of Perth at Hillarys Marina (31°49.9' S, 115°19.0' E). Physical, chemical and biological measurements were take at a total of nine sampling stations at 5 km intervals along the transect from October 1996 to December 1998. A limited phytoplankton data set was generated from this study, which included the spatial and temporal dynamics of diatoms, dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria. A preliminary one-year study on phytoplankton diversity and production off Bunbury was conducted as part of a baseline survey for the Water Corporation (Waite and Alexander 2000). This showed that production rates were overall 2-3 times higher off Bunbury than off Perth, and that there was a very diverse phytoplankton assemblage present. In 2002 – 2004, a detailed study across the continental shelf north of Perth was conducted in a collaborative project led by Tony Koslow (CSIRO Marine Research) (Keesing and Heine 2005). The aim of the project was to characterise the continental shelf/slope pelagic ecosystem off southwestern Australia. Monthly sampling was conducted from inshore to the outer continental shelf (100 m water depth), extended quarterly to offshore waters (1000 m depth). Taxonomic analysis was conducted with light microscopy and supplemented with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). An expedition by the research vessel Southern Surveyor (SS0803) was conducted in 2003 to assess the physical, chemical and biological dynamics associated with 2 eddies off the coast of south-west Australia (Figure 4.1.1). A series of transects were established across the two eddies which included collection of surface and water column phytoplankton samples. Phytoplankton taxonomy was provided by light microscopy (Table 4.1.2) and supplemented with diagnostic pigment analysis via HPLC (Thompson et. al in preparation). Immediately following the Eddy’s cruise, the RV Southern Surveyor (SS0903) was employed to sample a series of cross-shelf transects from the Houtman Abrolhos Islands to Cape Leeuwin. Several sites were sampled at the surface and deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) depth for phytoplankton taxonomy via light microscopy (Figure 4.1.1, Table 4.1.2) and via HPLC photopigment analysis (Twomey, Pez & Waite in preparation) The Southern Surveyor cruise details and data sets from cruises SS0803 and SS0903 are accessible through the CSIRO Division of Marine Research MarLIN data base www.marine.csiro.au/marlin/ 147 Species groups: Phytoplankton Figure 4.1.1. Location of phytoplankton sampling stations for Table 4.1.2 . 148 Species groups: Phytoplankton Table 4.1.2 Phytoplankton
Recommended publications
  • Known Impacts of Tropical Cyclones, East Coast, 1858 – 2008 by Mr Jeff Callaghan Retired Senior Severe Weather Forecaster, Bureau of Meteorology, Brisbane
    ARCHIVE: Known Impacts of Tropical Cyclones, East Coast, 1858 – 2008 By Mr Jeff Callaghan Retired Senior Severe Weather Forecaster, Bureau of Meteorology, Brisbane The date of the cyclone refers to the day of landfall or the day of the major impact if it is not a cyclone making landfall from the Coral Sea. The first number after the date is the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) for that month followed by the three month running mean of the SOI centred on that month. This is followed by information on the equatorial eastern Pacific sea surface temperatures where: W means a warm episode i.e. sea surface temperature (SST) was above normal; C means a cool episode and Av means average SST Date Impact January 1858 From the Sydney Morning Herald 26/2/1866: an article featuring a cruise inside the Barrier Reef describes an expedition’s stay at Green Island near Cairns. “The wind throughout our stay was principally from the south-east, but in January we had two or three hard blows from the N to NW with rain; one gale uprooted some of the trees and wrung the heads off others. The sea also rose one night very high, nearly covering the island, leaving but a small spot of about twenty feet square free of water.” Middle to late Feb A tropical cyclone (TC) brought damaging winds and seas to region between Rockhampton and 1863 Hervey Bay. Houses unroofed in several centres with many trees blown down. Ketch driven onto rocks near Rockhampton. Severe erosion along shores of Hervey Bay with 10 metres lost to sea along a 32 km stretch of the coast.
    [Show full text]
  • Jarvis Island NWR Final
    Jarvis Island National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan FINDING OF NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACT Jarvis Island National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan Unincorporated U.S. Territory, Central Pacific Ocean The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) has completed the Comprehensive Conservation Plan (CCP) and Environmental Assessment (EA) for Jarvis Island National Wildlife Refuge (Refuge). The CCP will guide management of the Refuge for the next 15 years. The CCP and EA describe the Service’s preferred alternative for managing the Refuge and its effects on the human environment. Decision Following comprehensive review and analysis, the Service selected Alternative B in the draft EA for implementation because it is the alternative that best meets the following criteria: Achieves the mission of the National Wildlife Refuge System. Achieves the purposes of the Refuge. Will be able to achieve the vision and goals for the Refuge. Maintains and restores the ecological integrity of the habitats and plant and animal populations at the Refuge. Addresses the important issues identified during the scoping process. Addresses the legal mandates of the Service and the Refuge. Is consistent with the scientific principles of sound wildlife management. Can be implemented within the projected fiscal and logistical management constraints associated with the Refuge’s remote location. As described in detail in the CCP and EA, implementing the selected alternative will have no significant impacts on any of the natural or cultural resources identified in the CCP and EA. Public Review The planning process incorporated a variety of public involvement techniques in developing and reviewing the CCP. This included three planning updates, meetings with partners, and public review and comment on the planning documents.
    [Show full text]
  • Download E-Book (PDF)
    African Journal of Biotechnology Volume 14 Number 33, 19 August, 2015 ISSN 1684-5315 ABOUT AJB The African Journal of Biotechnology (AJB) (ISSN 1684-5315) is published weekly (one volume per year) by Academic Journals. African Journal of Biotechnology (AJB), a new broad-based journal, is an open access journal that was founded on two key tenets: To publish the most exciting research in all areas of applied biochemistry, industrial microbiology, molecular biology, genomics and proteomics, food and agricultural technologies, and metabolic engineering. Secondly, to provide the most rapid turn-around time possible for reviewing and publishing, and to disseminate the articles freely for teaching and reference purposes. All articles published in AJB are peer- reviewed. Submission of Manuscript Please read the Instructions for Authors before submitting your manuscript. The manuscript files should be given the last name of the first author Click here to Submit manuscripts online If you have any difficulty using the online submission system, kindly submit via this email [email protected]. With questions or concerns, please contact the Editorial Office at [email protected]. Editor-In-Chief Associate Editors George Nkem Ude, Ph.D Prof. Dr. AE Aboulata Plant Breeder & Molecular Biologist Plant Path. Res. Inst., ARC, POBox 12619, Giza, Egypt Department of Natural Sciences 30 D, El-Karama St., Alf Maskan, P.O. Box 1567, Crawford Building, Rm 003A Ain Shams, Cairo, Bowie State University Egypt 14000 Jericho Park Road Bowie, MD 20715, USA Dr. S.K Das Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, University of Fukui, Japan Editor Prof. Okoh, A. I. N.
    [Show full text]
  • Congolli (Pseudaphritis Urvillii) and Australian Salmon (Arripis Truttaceus and A
    Inland Waters and Catchment Ecology Diet and trophic characteristics of mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus), congolli (Pseudaphritis urvillii) and Australian salmon (Arripis truttaceus and A. trutta) in the Coorong George Giatas and Qifeng Ye SARDI Publication No. F2015/000479-1 SARDI Research Report Series No. 858 SARDI Aquatics Sciences PO Box 120 Henley Beach SA 5022 September 2015 Giatas and Ye (2015) Diet of three fish species in the Coorong Diet and trophic characteristics of mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus), congolli (Pseudaphritis urvillii) and Australian salmon (Arripis truttaceus and A. trutta) in the Coorong George Giatas and Qifeng Ye SARDI Publication No. F2015/000479-1 SARDI Research Report Series No. 858 September 2015 II Giatas and Ye (2015) Diet of three fish species in the Coorong This publication may be cited as: Giatas, G.C. and Ye, Q. (2015). Diet and trophic characteristics of mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus), congolli (Pseudaphritis urvillii) and Australian salmon (Arripis truttaceus and A. trutta) in the Coorong. South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences), Adelaide. SARDI Publication No. F2015/000479-1. SARDI Research Report Series No. 858. 81pp. South Australian Research and Development Institute SARDI Aquatic Sciences 2 Hamra Avenue West Beach SA 5024 Telephone: (08) 8207 5400 Facsimile: (08) 8207 5406 http://www.pir.sa.gov.au/research DISCLAIMER The authors warrant that they have taken all reasonable care in producing this report. The report has been through the SARDI internal review process, and has been formally approved for release by the Research Chief, Aquatic Sciences. Although all reasonable efforts have been made to ensure quality, SARDI does not warrant that the information in this report is free from errors or omissions.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Trade-Offs in Traditional Methodologies for Measuring
    Progress in Oceanography 178 (2019) 102137 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Progress in Oceanography journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/pocean Review Evaluation of trade-offs in traditional methodologies for measuring metazooplankton growth rates: Assumptions, advantages and disadvantages T for field applications ⁎ Toru Kobaria, , Akash R. Sastrib, Lidia Yebrac, Hui Liud, Russell R. Hopcrofte a Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan b Fisheries and Ocean Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences Sidney, BC, Canada c Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga, Fuengirola, Málaga, Spain d Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, TX, USA e College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, AK, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Zooplankton growth rates ultimately shape the functional response of marine ecosystems to regional and global Metazooplankton climate changes, because they determine the quantity and distribution of matter and energy within the zoo- Weight-specific growth plankton community available to higher trophic levels. Despite the variety of techniques available for measuring Natural cohort zooplankton growth, no or few approaches have been universally applied to the natural zooplankton populations Artificial cohort or community and there are only a limited number of comparisons among the methods. Here we review and Molting rate compile data for the traditional methods for estimating metazooplankton weight-specific growth rates, describe Egg production fi Model the principles and underlying assumptions of each method, and nally their advantages and disadvantages. This review encompasses the analysis of time-series (i.e., Natural Cohort method), three experimental approaches (i.e., Artificial Cohort, Molting Rate and Egg Production) and several empirical models that have been applied to specific stages, populations or community guilds of metazooplankton in the field.
    [Show full text]
  • SUTTON"'-'-Paoijio Gull
    54 The S.A. Ornithologist; April 1, 193f>' SUTTON"'-'-Paoijio Gull. Gabianus pacificus, Pacific Gull. By J. Sutton. Th!~ .hird, the largest of the A~straIian Gulls, which ranges from Shark's Bay; 'IN.A., to Rcckhampton, Q., including 'I'as.. mania, is round about the South Australian coasts and adjacent i~lands, its prominent feature being the large lance-shaped bill. The following is J. Gould's description of the adultc->-" Head, neck, upper part of the back, all the under surface, upper and under tail coverts, white; back and wings, dark slaty black, the secondaries largely tipped with white, primaries black, the innermost slightly tipped with white; tail, .white, the inner web of the outer feather and both webs of' the remainder crossed near the tip with a broad band of black; irides, pearl white; eyelid; yellow; bill, orange stained with blood-red at the tip, in the midst of which in some specimens ate til few blotches of black; legs, yellow; claws, bla<lk." . Professor J. B. Cleland, in Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia; Vol. XLVII, 1925, pp. 119-126, on The Birds df the Pearson Islands, wrote:-" A full­ plumaged female bird, in attempting to steal g, bait, got entangled in a fishing line that had been temporarily left unattended. Iris, white; eyelid, orange; base of bill, chrome; distal third of bill, ted with dark grey along the cutting edge; inside of bill, chrome; tongue and floor of mouth between rami of lower bill, orange: g~pe, .orange, except fot a narrow chrome..coloured outer edge; legs, maize yellow; total length, 58.4 cm.; span across out.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual, 2008
    U.S. Government Printing Offi ce Style Manual An official guide to the form and style of Federal Government printing 2008 PPreliminary-CD.inddreliminary-CD.indd i 33/4/09/4/09 110:18:040:18:04 AAMM Production and Distribution Notes Th is publication was typeset electronically using Helvetica and Minion Pro typefaces. It was printed using vegetable oil-based ink on recycled paper containing 30% post consumer waste. Th e GPO Style Manual will be distributed to libraries in the Federal Depository Library Program. To fi nd a depository library near you, please go to the Federal depository library directory at http://catalog.gpo.gov/fdlpdir/public.jsp. Th e electronic text of this publication is available for public use free of charge at http://www.gpoaccess.gov/stylemanual/index.html. Use of ISBN Prefi x Th is is the offi cial U.S. Government edition of this publication and is herein identifi ed to certify its authenticity. ISBN 978–0–16–081813–4 is for U.S. Government Printing Offi ce offi cial editions only. Th e Superintendent of Documents of the U.S. Government Printing Offi ce requests that any re- printed edition be labeled clearly as a copy of the authentic work, and that a new ISBN be assigned. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800 Fax: (202) 512-2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402-0001 ISBN 978-0-16-081813-4 (CD) II PPreliminary-CD.inddreliminary-CD.indd iiii 33/4/09/4/09 110:18:050:18:05 AAMM THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE STYLE MANUAL IS PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION AND AUTHORITY OF THE PUBLIC PRINTER OF THE UNITED STATES Robert C.
    [Show full text]
  • Great Australian Bight BP Oil Drilling Project
    Submission to Senate Inquiry: Great Australian Bight BP Oil Drilling Project: Potential Impacts on Matters of National Environmental Significance within Modelled Oil Spill Impact Areas (Summer and Winter 2A Model Scenarios) Prepared by Dr David Ellis (BSc Hons PhD; Ecologist, Environmental Consultant and Founder at Stepping Stones Ecological Services) March 27, 2016 Table of Contents Table of Contents ..................................................................................................... 2 Executive Summary ................................................................................................ 4 Summer Oil Spill Scenario Key Findings ................................................................. 5 Winter Oil Spill Scenario Key Findings ................................................................... 7 Threatened Species Conservation Status Summary ........................................... 8 International Migratory Bird Agreements ............................................................. 8 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 11 Methods .................................................................................................................... 12 Protected Matters Search Tool Database Search and Criteria for Oil-Spill Model Selection ............................................................................................................. 12 Criteria for Inclusion/Exclusion of Threatened, Migratory and Marine
    [Show full text]
  • Reef Fishes of the Bird's Head Peninsula, West
    Check List 5(3): 587–628, 2009. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Reef fishes of the Bird’s Head Peninsula, West Papua, Indonesia Gerald R. Allen 1 Mark V. Erdmann 2 1 Department of Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum. Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Perth, Western Australia 6986. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Conservation International Indonesia Marine Program. Jl. Dr. Muwardi No. 17, Renon, Denpasar 80235 Indonesia. Abstract A checklist of shallow (to 60 m depth) reef fishes is provided for the Bird’s Head Peninsula region of West Papua, Indonesia. The area, which occupies the extreme western end of New Guinea, contains the world’s most diverse assemblage of coral reef fishes. The current checklist, which includes both historical records and recent survey results, includes 1,511 species in 451 genera and 111 families. Respective species totals for the three main coral reef areas – Raja Ampat Islands, Fakfak-Kaimana coast, and Cenderawasih Bay – are 1320, 995, and 877. In addition to its extraordinary species diversity, the region exhibits a remarkable level of endemism considering its relatively small area. A total of 26 species in 14 families are currently considered to be confined to the region. Introduction and finally a complex geologic past highlighted The region consisting of eastern Indonesia, East by shifting island arcs, oceanic plate collisions, Timor, Sabah, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, and widely fluctuating sea levels (Polhemus and the Solomon Islands is the global centre of 2007). reef fish diversity (Allen 2008). Approximately 2,460 species or 60 percent of the entire reef fish The Bird’s Head Peninsula and surrounding fauna of the Indo-West Pacific inhabits this waters has attracted the attention of naturalists and region, which is commonly referred to as the scientists ever since it was first visited by Coral Triangle (CT).
    [Show full text]
  • Appendices Appendices
    APPENDICES APPENDICES APPENDIX 1 – PUBLICATIONS SCIENTIFIC PAPERS Aidoo EN, Ute Mueller U, Hyndes GA, and Ryan Braccini M. 2015. Is a global quantitative KL. 2016. The effects of measurement uncertainty assessment of shark populations warranted? on spatial characterisation of recreational fishing Fisheries, 40: 492–501. catch rates. Fisheries Research 181: 1–13. Braccini M. 2016. Experts have different Andrews KR, Williams AJ, Fernandez-Silva I, perceptions of the management and conservation Newman SJ, Copus JM, Wakefield CB, Randall JE, status of sharks. Annals of Marine Biology and and Bowen BW. 2016. Phylogeny of deepwater Research 3: 1012. snappers (Genus Etelis) reveals a cryptic species pair in the Indo-Pacific and Pleistocene invasion of Braccini M, Aires-da-Silva A, and Taylor I. 2016. the Atlantic. Molecular Phylogenetics and Incorporating movement in the modelling of shark Evolution 100: 361-371. and ray population dynamics: approaches and management implications. Reviews in Fish Biology Bellchambers LM, Gaughan D, Wise B, Jackson G, and Fisheries 26: 13–24. and Fletcher WJ. 2016. Adopting Marine Stewardship Council certification of Western Caputi N, de Lestang S, Reid C, Hesp A, and How J. Australian fisheries at a jurisdictional level: the 2015. Maximum economic yield of the western benefits and challenges. Fisheries Research 183: rock lobster fishery of Western Australia after 609-616. moving from effort to quota control. Marine Policy, 51: 452-464. Bellchambers LM, Fisher EA, Harry AV, and Travaille KL. 2016. Identifying potential risks for Charles A, Westlund L, Bartley DM, Fletcher WJ, Marine Stewardship Council assessment and Garcia S, Govan H, and Sanders J.
    [Show full text]
  • Mariner's Guide for Hurricane Awareness
    Mariner’s Guide For Hurricane Awareness In The North Atlantic Basin Eric J. Holweg [email protected] Meteorologist Tropical Analysis and Forecast Branch Tropical Prediction Center National Weather Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 2000 Internet Sites with Weather and Communications Information Of Interest To The Mariner NOAA home page: http://www.noaa.gov NWS home page: http://www.nws.noaa.gov NWS marine dissemination page: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/marine/home.htm NWS marine text products: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/marine/forecast.htm NWS radio facsmile/marine charts: http://weather.noaa.gov/fax/marine.shtml NWS publications: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/nwspub.htm NOAA Data Buoy Center: http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov NOAA Weather Radio: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/nwr National Ocean Service (NOS): http://co-ops.nos.noaa.gov/ NOS Tide data: http://tidesonline.nos.noaa.gov/ USCG Navigation Center: http://www.navcen.uscg.mil Tropical Prediction Center: http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/ High Seas Forecasts and Charts: http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/forecast.html Marine Prediction Center: http://www.mpc.ncep.noaa.gov SST & Gulfstream: http://www4.nlmoc.navy.mil/data/oceans/gulfstream.html Hurricane Preparedness & Tracks: http://www.fema.gov/fema/trop.htm Time Zone Conversions: http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/zones.html Table of Contents Introduction and Purpose ................................................................................................................... 1 Disclaimer ...........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 5Th Indo-Pacific Fish Conference
    )tn Judo - Pacifi~ Fish Conference oun a - e II denia ( vernb ~ 3 - t 1997 A ST ACTS Organized by Under the aegis of L'Institut français Société de recherche scientifique Française pour le développement d'Ichtyologie en coopération ' FI Fish Conference Nouméa - New Caledonia November 3 - 8 th, 1997 ABSTRACTS LATE ARRIVAL ZOOLOGICAL CATALOG OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES HOESE D.F., PAXTON J. & G. ALLEN Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia Currently over 4000 species of fishes are known from Australia. An analysis ofdistribution patterns of 3800 species is presented. Over 20% of the species are endemic to Australia, with endemic species occuiring primarily in southern Australia. There is also a small component of the fauna which is found only in the southwestern Pacific (New Caledonia, Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island and New Zealand). The majority of the other species are widely distributed in the western Pacific Ocean. AGE AND GROWTH OF TROPICAL TUNAS FROM THE WESTERN CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN, AS INDICATED BY DAILY GROWm INCREMENTS AND TAGGING DATA. LEROY B. South Pacific Commission, Nouméa, New Caledonia The Oceanic Fisheries Programme of the South Pacific Commission is currently pursuing a research project on age and growth of two tropical tuna species, yellowfm tuna (Thunnus albacares) and bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus). The daily periodicity of microincrements forrned with the sagittal otoliths of these two spceies has been validated by oxytetracycline marking in previous studies. These validation studies have come from fishes within three regions of the Pacific (eastem, central and western tropical Pacific). Otolith microincrements are counted along transverse section with a light microscope.
    [Show full text]