Integration of Bicycles and Transit
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TRANSIT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM TCRP Synthesis 4 Integration of Bicycles and Transit Transportation Research Board National Research Council TCRP OVERSIGHT AND PROJECT TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 1994 SELECTION COMMITTEE OFFICERS CHAIRMAN WILLIAM W. MILLAR Chairman: Joseph M. Sussman, JR East Professor and Professor of Civil and Environmental Port Authority of Allegheny County Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Vice Chairman: Lillian C. Liburdi, Director, Port Authority, The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey MEMBERS Executive Director: Thomas B. Deen, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council SHARON D. BANKS AC Transit MEMBERS LEE BARNES Barwood, Inc BRIAN J. L. BERRY, Lloyd Viel Berkner Regental Professor & Chair, Bruton Center for Development GERALD L. BLAIR Studies,University of Texas at Dallas Indiana County Transit Authority JOHN E. BREEN, The Nasser I. Al-Rashid Chair in Civil Engineering, the University of Texas at Austin JOHN A. BONSALL KIRK BROWN, Secretary, Illinois Department of Transportation McCormick Rankin International DAVID BURWELL, President, Rails-to-Trails Conservancy SHIRLEY A. DeLIBERO L. GARY BYRD, Consulting Engineer, Alexandria, Virginia New Jersey Transit Corporation A. RAY CHAMBERLAIN, Executive Director, Colorado Department of Transportation (Past Chair, 1993) ROD DIRIDON RAY W. CLOUGH, Nishkian Professor of Structural Engineering, Emeritus, University of California, Santa Clara County Transit District Berkeley SANDRA DRAGGOO RICHARD K. DAVIDSON, Chairman and CEO, Union Pacific Railroad CATA JAMES C. DELONG, Director of Aviation, Stapleton International Airport, Denver, Colorado LOUIS J. GAMBACCINI JERRY L. DEPOY, Former Vice President, Properties & Facilities, USAir SEPTA DELON HAMPTON, Chairman & CEO, Delon Hampton & Associates DELON HAMPTON DON C. KELLY, Secretary and Commissioner of Highways, Transportation Cabinet, Kentucky Delon Hampton & Associates ROBERT KOCHANOWSKI, Executive Director, Southwestern Pennsylvania Regional Planning Commission RICHARD R. KELLY JAMES L. LAMMIE, President & CEO, Parsons Brinckerhoff, Inc Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corp WILLIAM W. MILLAR, Executive Director, Port Authority of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania (Past ALAN F. KIEPPER Chair, 1992) New York City Transit Authority CHARLES P. O'LEARY, JR , Commissioner, New Hampshire Department of Transportation EDWARD N. KRAVITZ JUDE W. P. PATIN, Secretary, Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development The Flxible Corporation NEIL PETERSON, Executive Director, Los Angeles County Transportation Commission MIKE MOBEY DARREL RENSINK, Director, Iowa Department of Transportation Isabella County Transportation Comm JAMES W. Van LOBEN SELS, Director, California Department of Transportation DON S. MONROE C. MICHAEL WALTON, Ernest H Cockrell Centennial Chair in Engineering and Chairman, Department Pierce Transit of Civil Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin (Past Chair, 1991) PATRICIA S. NETTLESHIP DAVID N. WORMLEY, Dean of Engineering, Pennsylvania State University The Nettleship Group, Inc HOWARD YERUSALIM, Secretary of Transportation, Pennsylvania Department of Transportation ROBERT E. PAASWELL ROBERT A. YOUNG III, President, ABF Freight Systems, Inc The City College of New York JAMES P. REICHERT EX OFFICIO MEMBERS Transportation Management Services LARRY SALCI MIKE ACOTT, President, National Asphalt Pavement Association Bombardier Corporation ROY A. ALLEN, Vice President, Research and Test Department, Association of American Railroads VICKIE SHAFFER ANDREW H. CARD, JR., President and CEO, American Automobile Manufacturers Association The Tri-State Transit Authority THOMAS J. DONOHUE, President and CEO, American Trucking Associations JAMES H. SLAKEY FRANCIS B. FRANCOIS, Executive Director, American Association of State Highway and Washington DOT Transportation Officials B.R. STOKES JACK R. GILSTRAP, Executive Vice President, American Public Transit Association ATE Management & Service Co ALBERT J. HERBERGER, Maritime Administrator, U.S.Department of Transportation FRANK J. WILSON DAVID R. HINSON, Federal Aviation Administrator, U.S.Department of Transportation New Jersey DOT GORDON J. LINTON, Federal Transit Administrator, U.S.Department of Transportation ROSE A. McMURRAY, Research and Special Programs Administrator, U.S.Department of EX OFFICIO MEMBERS Transportation THOMAS B. DEEN JOLENE M. MOLITORIS, Federal Railroad Administrator, U.S.Department of Transportation Transportation Research Board RODNEY E. SLATER, Federal Highway Administrator, U.S.Department of Transportation FRANCIS B. FRANCOIS HOWARD M. SMOLKIN, National Highway Traffic Safety Administrator, U.S.Department of AASHTO Transportation JACK R. GILSTRAP ARTHUR E. WILLIAMS, Chief of Engineers and Commander, U.S.Army Corps of Engineers APTA GORDON J. LINTON TRANSIT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM FTA RODNEY E. SLATER Transportation Research Board Executive Committee Subcommittee for TCRP FHWA A. RAY CHAMBERLAIN, Colorado Department of Transportation LILLIAN C. LIBURDI, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey SECRETARY GORDON J. LINTON, U.S.Department of Transportation ROBERT J. REILLY WILLIAM W. MILLAR, Port Authority of Allegheny County Transportation Research Board JOSEPH M. SUSSMAN, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, (Chair) L. GARY BYRD, Consulting Engineer TDC EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR THOMAS B. DEEN, Transportation Research Board FRANK J. CIHAK APTA TRANSIT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM Synthesis of Transit Practice 4 Integration of Bicycles and Transit JOHN T. DOOLITTLE, JR. Doolittle and Associates Mystic, Connecticut ELLEN KRET PORTER Consultant Seattle, Washington TOPIC PANEL JOHN FEGAN, Federal Highway Administration WILLIAM FELDMAN, New Jersey Department of Transportation RICK GERHART, Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon FRANZ K. GIMMLER, Federal Transit Administration JOSHUA D. LEHMAN, Massachusetts Department of Transportation ROBERT LEWIS, Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority MIKE NEVAREZ, City of Phoenix Public Transit Department RICHARD PAIN, Transportation Research Board ROBERT PATTEN, Rails-to-Trails Conservancy FRED L. WILLIAMS, Federal Transit Administration Transportation Research Board National Research Council Research Sponsored by the Federal Transit Administration in Cooperation with the Transit Development Corporation NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington, D.C. 1994 TRANSIT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM The TCRP provides a forum where transit agencies can cooperatively address common operational problems TCRP The nation's growth and the need to meet mobility, results support and complement other ongoing transit research environmental, and energy objectives place demands on public and training programs transit systems. Current systems, some of which are old and in need of upgrading, must expand service area, increase service TCRP SYNTHESIS 4 Price frequency, and improve efficiency to serve these demands. $12.00 Research is necessary to solve operating problems, to adapt appropriate new technologies from other industries, and to Project SB-l introduce innovations into the transit industry The Transit SSN 1073-4880 Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) serves as one of the ISBN 0-309-05656-x principal means by which the transit industry can develop Library of Congress Catalog Card No 94-060582 innovative near-term solutions to meet demands placed on it The need for TCRP was originally identified in TRB Special NOTICE Report 213--Research for Public Transit New Directions, published in 1987 and based on a study sponsored by the Federal The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the Transit Administration (FTA) A report by the American Public Transit Cooperative Research Program conducted by the Transit Association (APTA), Transportation 2000, also Transportation Research Board with the approval of the recognized the need for local, problem-solving research TCRP, Governing Board of the National Research Council Such modeled after the longstanding and successful National approval reflects the Governing Board's judgment that the project Cooperative Highway Research Program, undertakes research concerned is appropriate with respect to both the purposes and and other technical activities in response to the needs of transit resources of the National Research Council. service providers. The scope of TCRP includes a variety of The members of the technical advisory panel selected to transit research fields including planning, service configuration, monitor this project and to review this report were chosen for equipment, facilities, operations, human resources, maintenance, recognized scholarly competence and with due consideration for policy, and administrative practices. the balance of disciplines appropriate to the project. The opinions TCRP was established under FTA sponsorship in July 1992 and conclusions expressed or implied are those of the research Proposed by the U S Department of Transportation, TCRP was agency that performed the research, and while they have been authorized as part of the Intermodal Surface Transportation accepted as appropriate by the technical panel, they are not Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) On May 13, 1992, a necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board, the memorandum agreement outlining TCRP operating procedures Transit Development Corporation, the National Research was executed by the three cooperating organizations: FTA, the Council, or the Federal Transit Administration of the