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BARROCO E ROCOCÓ NAS IGREJAS DO RIO DE JANEIRO Baroque and Rococo in the Churches of Rio De Janeiro Myriam Andrade Ribeiro De Oliveira E Fátima Justiniano 1

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BARROCO E ROCOCÓ NAS IGREJAS DO RIO DE JANEIRO Baroque and Rococo in the Churches of Rio De Janeiro Myriam Andrade Ribeiro De Oliveira E Fátima Justiniano 1 BARROCO E ROCOCÓ NAS IGREJAS DO RIO DE JANEIRO Baroque and Rococo in the Churches of Rio de Janeiro Myriam Andrade Ribeiro de Oliveira e Fátima Justiniano 1 A segunda publicação da série Roteiros do Justiniano Fátima e Oliveira de Ribeiro A. Myriam Patrimônio, organizada em três volumes, convida os leitores a observar em detalhe o que permaneceu dos estilos Barroco e Rococó em vinte das principais igrejas do Rio de Janeiro. NIO São sugeridos quatro diferentes roteiros de ANEIRO Ô visitação, com comentários ilustrados, referên- J cias e a indicação do que é mais importante DE apreciar em cada uma dessas igrejas. IO R DO The second publication in the Heritage Itineraries series, organized in three volumes, invites the reader to appraise in detail what is GREJAS I left of Baroque and Rococo styles in twenty of ATRIM the main churches in Rio de Janeiro. NAS Four different visitation itineraries are sugges- ted with illustrated comments, references and P indications of the most important features of each one of those churches. OCOCÓ R E DO ARROCO B OTEIROS vol.1 R igrejasriovol1:guiacongonhas2 9/22/08 6:48 PM Page 204 igrejasriovol1:guiacongonhas2 9/22/08 6:48 PM Page 1 igrejasriovol1:guiacongonhas2 9/22/08 1:14 PM Page 2 igrejasriovol1:guiacongonhas2 9/22/08 1:14 PM Page 3 BARROCO E ROCOCÓ NAS IGREJAS DO RIO DE JANEIRO Baroque and Rococo in the Churches of Rio de Janeiro Myriam Andrade Ribeiro de Oliveira e Fátima Justiniano 1 MONUMENTA | IPHAN igrejasriovol1:guiacongonhas2 9/22/08 1:14 PM Page 4 Mosteiro de São Bento. Monastery of São Bento. igrejasriovol1:guiacongonhas2 9/22/08 1:14 PM Page 5 APRESENTAÇÃO Foreword [...] a cidade está no homem [...] the city is in man quase como a árvore voa almost like the tree flies no pássaro que a deixa [...] on the bird that leaves her [...] Ferreira Gullar Ferreira Gullar Em busca da permanência In search for permanence em nós de muitos dos bens within us of several of the remanescentes do Barroco e remaining assets of Baroque and do Rococó que se espalham Rococo spread around the city pela cidade, no Rio de of Rio de Janeiro, the Janeiro, o Programa Monumenta/Iphan program has Monumenta/Iphan tem o prazer de publicar este novo the pleasure of publishing this guia de sua série Roteiros do new guide in its series of Patrimônio. Heritage Itineraries. São três volumes It consists of three volumes dedicados à minuciosa dedicated to the detailed observação do que ainda se observation of what remains of encontra desses estilos nas those styles in the churches of Rio. igrejas do Rio. In a previously unseen effort, Num esforço inédito, Myriam Ribeiro de Oliveira and Myriam Ribeiro de Oliveira e her collaborator Fátima 5 sua colaboradora, Fátima Justiniano tell us about how Justiniano, mostram como esses estilos se afeiçoaram à those styles were embraced by cidade colonial e às práticas the colonial city and religious religiosas de então e nos practices of the time, and apresentam aos santos de introduce us to Saints especially especial devoção dos revered by the carioca people cariocas, para quem esses for whom those temples were templos foram erigidos. erected. We are then guided Depois, nos conduzem por through four visitation itineraries quatro roteiros de visitação a citing twenty churches. On each vinte igrejas. Em cada passeio, trip, the reader will be invited to o leitor será convidado a apreciar o que restou de mais appraise what is left of the most significativo da arquitetura, da significant examples of Baroque talha, da imaginária, da and Rococo carvings, imagery pintura barroca e rococó, em and painting in each one of cada um desses monumentos. these monuments. Baroque and Rococo in the churches of Rio de Janeiro Luiz Fernando de Almeida Luiz Fernando de Almeida Barroco e Rococó nas Igrejas do Rio de Janeiro Presidente do Iphan President of Iphan igrejasriovol1:guiacongonhas2 9/22/08 5:53 PM Page 6 CRÉDITOS Credits Presidente da República do Brasil President of Brasil LUIZ INÁCIO LULA DA SILVA LUIZ INÁCIO LULA DA SILVA Ministro de Estado da Cultura Minister of Culture JOÃO LUIZ SILVA FERREIRA (JUCA FERREIRA) JOÃO LUIZ SILVA FERREIRA (JUCA FERREIRA) Presidente do Instituto do President of the National Historic and Artistic Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional Heritage Institute Coordenador Nacional do Programa Monumenta National coordinator of the Monumenta Program LUIZ FERNANDO DE ALMEIDA LUIZ FERNANDO DE ALMEIDA Coordenação editorial Editorial coordination SYLVIA MARIA BRAGA SYLVIA MARIA BRAGA Edição Editor CAROLINE SOUDANT CAROLINE SOUDANT Copidesque Copy desk ANA LUCIA LUCENA ANA LUCIA LUCENA Revisão e preparação Revision and preparation DENISE FELIPE DENISE FELIPE Versão para o inglês English version JOHANN WEBER JOHANN WEBER Revisão do inglês English revision Maíra Mendes Galvão MAÍRA MENDES GALVÃO Design gráfico Graphic design CRISTIANE DIAS/GABRIEL LIRA (assistente) CRISTIANE DIAS/GABRIEL LIRA (assistant) Fotos e ilustrações Photos and illustrations CAIO REISEWITZ CAIO REISEWITZ ARQUIVO DAS AUTORAS AUTHORS ARCHIVES ARQUIVO DO IPHAN (MÁRCIO VIANNA) IPHAN ARCHIVES (MÁRCIO VIANNA) ARQUIVO DA BIBLIOTECA JOSÉ MINDLIN BIBLIOTECA JOSÉ MINDLIN ARCHIVES Oliveira, Myriam Andrade Ribeiro de B277 Barroco e Rococó nas igrejas do Rio de Janeiro. – Brasília, DF : IPHAN / Programa Monumenta, 2008. 3 t. (396 p.) : il. ; 13cm. – (Roteiros do Patrimônio ; 2) ISBN 978-85-7334-083-9 1. Barroco. 2. Rococó. 3. Igrejas – Rio de Janeiro. 4. Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional. 5. Programa Monumenta. I. Série. CDD 726.1 igrejasriovol1:guiacongonhas2 9/22/08 1:14 PM Page 7 SUMÁRIO Contents APRESENTAÇÃO 5 Foreword INTRODUÇÃO 11 Introduction PRIMEIRA PARTE 27 Part one AS IGREJAS NA CIDADE COLONIAL 27 The Churches in the Colonial City th OCATOLICISMO NO RIO 43 Catholicism in 18 Century Rio: SETECENTISTA: CULTO E DEVOÇÃO cult and devotion OESPAÇO RELIGIOSO: 69 The Religious Space: FUNÇÃO E BENS INTEGRADOS function and integrated furniture OESPAÇO RELIGIOSO: 91 The Religious Space: ICONOGRAFIA E ESTILO iconography and style OBARROCO NAS IGREJAS 117 Baroque in the Churches DO RIO DE JANEIRO of Rio de Janeiro OROCOCÓ NAS IGREJAS 139 Rococo in the Churches DO RIO DE JANEIRO of Rio de Janeiro SEGUNDA PARTE 161 Part two GLOSSÁRIO DE ICONOGRAFIA 161 Iconographic Glossary CRISTO E DIVINO ESPÍRITO SANTO 161 Christ and the Divine Holy Spirit SAGRADA FAMÍLIA 165 Holy Family SANTAS 167 Female Saints SANTOS 171 Male Saints VIRGEM MARIA 188 Virgin Mary VIRTUDES E ANJOS 200 Virtues and Angels BIBLIOGRAFIA 201 Bibliography igrejasriovol1:guiacongonhas2 9/22/08 1:14 PM Page 8 Tem a cidade de S. Sebastião do Sebastião, que por antigo ameaça Rio de Janeiro o seu principal assento ruína e aqui se fazem os sinais dos em uma planície cuja frente, que olha navios, que entram pela barra. No para o oriente, é banhada pelo mar, e lado fronteiro à barra por detrás do de ambos os lados a cercam uns colégio, ou hospital, se conserva ainda montes isolados, que, estando hoje a primeira igreja, que se fundou coroados de edifícios, muio realçam a nesta cidade, dedicada a S. Sebastião sua perspectiva ao longe. Estes montes seu padroeiro, a qual por muitos anos são: da parte norte, o de S. Bento, foi matriz, e também Catedral por junto ao mar, o qual antigamente era largo tempo; […] junto dela se vê um uma península reunida à terra firme marco de pedra mármore de altura de por uma estreita garganta; sobre ele se quatro palmos com as Quinas vê o mosteiro dos monjes beneditinos; Portuguesas em uma face, e na outra a por detrás deste fica o da Conceição, Cruz da Ordem de Cristo […] Na onde está o Palácio Episcopal. […] retaguarda do Monte do Castelo há Da parte do sul da cidade, e algum outro, onde os religiosos franciscanos tanto arredado do mar, está situado o fundaram o seu convento; e os Monte do Castelo, onde os jesuítas terceiros da mesma Ordem a sua fundaram o seu colégio, que capela […] presentemente é o Hospital Real Militar; na parte mais alta deste Luiz Gonçalves dos Santos, Padre Perereca. mesmo monte se vê sobranceiro à Memórias para servir à História do reino do Brasil. Lisboa, 1825. Belo Horizonte/São cidade a Fortaleza, ou Castelo de S. Paulo: Itatiaia/ Edusp, 1981, p. 36 e 37. igrejasriovol1:guiacongonhas2 9/22/08 1:14 PM Page 9 The city of S. Sebastião do Rio de threatened by ruin. That is where Janeiro mainly rests on a plain whose signals are sent for ships that enter front, facing the east, is bathed by the past the sandbar. On the side that sea and surrounded on both sides by faces the sandbar and behind the isolated hills that, crowned with school, or hospital, the first church to buildings, greatly enhance its be founded in this city is preserved perspective from a distance. Those until today, dedicated to its patron St. hills are: to the north, that of St. Sebastian. It was, for many years, the Benedict along the coast, formerly a parish church, and also Cathedral for a peninsula joined to the firm earth by a long time; […] next to it can be seen a narrow isthmus; on top of it can be marble marking stone the height of seen the monastery of the Benedictine four palms with the Portuguese Quinas monks; behind it is the monastery of on one face, and on the other the Conceição (Conception), where the Cross of the Order of Christ […] Episcopal Palace is located. […] To the rear of Morro do Castelo there To the south of the city and a bit is another hill, where the Franciscan further from the sea is the Morro do friars founded their convent; and the Castelo (Castle Hill) where the Jesuits Third Brothers of the same Order had founded their school, presently the their chapel […] Royal Military Hospital; on the higher part of this same hill can be seen Luiz Gonçalves dos Santos, Padre Perereca.
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