Minasari Village Unit Cooperative Role to Improve Fishermen Welfare in Pangandaran Regency, West Javaprovince

GSJ: Volume 7, Issue 6, June 2019 ISSN 2320-9186 944

GSJ: Volume 7, Issue 6, June 2019, Online: ISSN 2320-9186 www.globalscientificjournal.com

MINASARI VILLAGE UNIT COOPERATIVE ROLE TO IMPROVE FISHERMEN WELFARE IN PANGANDARAN REGENCY, WEST JAVA PROVINCE

Annisa Heydi Oktafiani1, Atikah Nurhayati2, Achmad Rizal2, Isni Nurruhwati2 1) Student of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran 2) Staff Lecture of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran Fisheries Study Program, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran Jl. Raya Bandung – Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor 40600 Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT This research aims to analyze the role of Minasari Village Unit Cooperative in Pangandaran Regency and evaluate the performance of Minasari Village Unit Cooperative in Pangandaran Regency to increase the welfare of fishermen. The research was conducted at the Minasari Village Unit Cooperative in Pangandaran Regency starting from January to February 2019. The method used in this research is the descriptive method by using primary data in the form of questionnaires and secondary data. The collected data used purposive sampling for 60 respondent members of the Village Unit Cooperative (KUD) Minasari who worked as fishermen. The analyzed research by Likert Scale in the data processing. The research results of fishermen who are members of the Village Unit Cooperative (KUD) Minasari have the role of Minasari Village Unit Cooperative Pangandaran has an average index value at 67,07. This average index means the role of Minasari Village Unit Cooperative to increase the welfare of fishermen in Pangandaran Regency is considered good by its respondent which catches layur fish the most using gillnet as fishing gear and boat with 3-5 GT of the fishing fleets.

Keywords: Fishermen’s Welfare, Pangandaran, Role, Village Unit Cooperative.

I. INTRODUCTION carried out in coastal areas of the coast. Pangandaran is one of the Regency in According to Dahen (2016), fisheries that has the potential of fisheries in resources actually can potentially be Indonesia. According to Aprillia used to improve the standard of living (2017), Pangandaran Regency is one of and welfare of fishermen but in reality, the Growth Centers found in the southern there are still quite some fishermen part of West Java Province. This region who have not been able to increase is part of Ciamis, but with the issuance of their catch, so that the income level of Law No. 21 of 2012 concerning the fishermen does not increase. The level Establishment of Regency Pangandaran, the of fishermen welfare is largely area officially became a separate Regency, determined by the catch. A large separate from Ciamis Regency. The northern number of catches is reflected in the part of Pangandaran Regency is bordered by amount of income received and the Ciamis and Banjar Regency, in the eastern income is mostly for the needs of part bordering Cilacap Regency, in the family consumption. Thus the level of western part Pangandaran Regency borders fulfillment of family consumption on Tasikmalaya Regency. The southern part needs or Minimum Physical Needs of Pangandaran Regency borders on Indian (KFM) is largely determined by the Ocean, causing much tourism and marine income received (Sujarno 2008). capture fisheries are very important According to Salim (1999), the (Nurhayati and Purnomo 2014). factors that influence fishermen's The fishing community has special income include social and economic characteristics from other communities, factors which consist of the amount of namely the characteristics that are formed capital, number of boats, number of from life in the ocean that is very hard and workers, distance traveled and full of risks, especially the risk that comes experience. This the income of from natural factors. According to Subri fishermen is based on the size of the (2005), fishing is a group of people whose catch volume, there are still several lives depend directly on the sea, other factors that determine it, namely either by mail or cultivation arrest. social and economic factors in addition Geographically, fishing communities are to the above. people who live, grow and develop in coastal The alleviation of fishermen areas, namely a transition area between the poverty can be done by developing land area (Kusnadi 2002). cooperatives. According to Soetrisno The area of Pangandaran Regency is (2008), the Cooperative is a non-profit bordered directly by the southern Indian institution that can provide enormous Ocean, so that much potential tourism, benefits, especially for coastal conservation, and fisheries activities are communities. In Pangandaran Regency

GSJ© 2019 www.globalscientificjournal.com GSJ: Volume 7, Issue 6, June 2019 ISSN 2320-9186 946 cooperatives need to be presented in the based on the principle of family and framework of building institutions that can economic democracy. Thus, economic become partners of the state in driving development is driven faster because of development to achieve community welfare, the existence of institutions that can one of which is the establishment of the empower the economy of coastal Minasari Village Unit Cooperative (KUD). communities and fishermen to get an In general, what is meant by cooperatives increase in welfare. is a joint business entity engaged in the Annual Member Meeting (RAT) of economy. The cooperative also has a section, the Village Unit Cooperative (KUD) namely fisheries cooperatives to facilitate Minasari Pangandaran 2017 budget coastal communities and fishermen. Village year held Unit Cooperative (KUD) Minasari a social at the Fish Auction Place (TPI) economy organization container where its attended by around 618 respondents constituent elements are interconnected to who work as fishermen. one another and form a unified whole that is Through the role and performance bound via a social network. Social networks of the Village Unit Cooperative are patterns of social relations between Minasari developed into a savings and individuals, parties, groups or organizations. loan business which is a source Village Unit Cooperatives of funds for fishermen who (KUD) Minasari established social provide material for their members, relationships that bound the basic identity of proper health for their members, kinship, race, ethnicity, friends, the need to develop themselves for their neighborhoods, interests have a members, and service. function and Roles, as follows: (1) to . establish and develop the potential and II. METHODOLOGY economic capacity members in particular and a. Location and Time of Research society in general in increasing their The research was conducted at economic and social welfare for the Minasari Village Unit Cooperative members .(2) to enhance the quality of life for in, Pangandaran Regency. This research its members . (3) to strengthen the people's process will be conducted in economy as a basis for the strength and January 2019. The following Figure 1 is resilience of the national economy with a map of the research location. cooperatives. (4) to realize and develop a national economy which is a joint effort

Figure 1. Map of the research location

information or data that is following b. Research reality (Sugiyon o 2005 ). This research method uses a case study method in the Minasari Village Unit c. Sampling Method This Cooperative (KUD). Case studies are a series sampling of scientific activities carried out intensively, This sampling method uses in detail and in-depth about a program, event, a quota sampling technique with and activity, both at the individual level, a the number of samples being used as group of people, institutions, or organizations respondents for 60 fishermen, the calculation of 10% 600 members of the to gain in-depth knowledge of the event Minasari Village Unit Cooperative (Raharjo 2017). Research with a case study (KUD) who work as fishermen using approach is part of descriptive research. The questionnaires and interviews descriptive method is by providing an overview of the problems that occur at this time, with the existence of such a picture we can explain phenomena by collecting

GSJ© 2019 www.globalscientificjournal.com GSJ: Volume 7, Issue 6, June 2019 ISSN 2320-9186 948 d. Sources and Types of Data e. Data Analysis of the Role of Collection Data Village Unit Cooperatives (KUD) The data collected consists of Minasari primary data and secondary data. Primary Analysis of the data used in this data in the form of direct data collected research uses the Likert Scale in data through interviews with respondents and processing techniques, the author uses a using a list of questions measurement scale obtained from the (questionnaire).Whereas for secondary data results of respondents' answers in this sourced from the data of the Village research, namely the Likert scale with Unit Cooperative (KUD) Minasari, data the index formula % and uses a score from various books, journals, theses, theses interpretation based on the interval and other literature that can be used as a according to from table 1 . Formula Index% = (Total Score / Y) x reference for discussion in this matter. 10 Table 1.Scale Format Likert Interpretation of Scores Based on Intervals 0% number - 19.99% = Not good Figures 20% - 39.99% = Not good Figures 40% - 59.99% = Pretty good Figures 60% - 79.99% = Well Number 80% - 100% = Very good III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION questionnaire data indicate that 3.1 Characteristics of Fishermen members of the Minasari Village Unit Minasari Village Unit Cooperative (KUD) who work in the Regency of 3.1.1 Age Pangandaran are of productive age, as One of the characteristics studied is seen from the age data age. Age is considered important for research obtained. The age distribution of fisher because it can determine a person's men in Pangandaran Regency can be productivity. According to Kusumo et al seen in Table 2. (2013), the productive age group began at the age of 15 years - 64 years. The results of the Table 2. Age of Fishermen Members of KUD Minasari

No Parameter Value (Year)

1 Age Max 67 2 Age Min 19 3 Median Age 46 4 Age Mode 43

Age of fishermen members of the Village Education is one of the factors Unit Cooperative (KUD) Minasari shows the that play an important role in improving oldest age is 67 years old and the youngest is a person's quality of life. According to 19 years. Whereas, the age at most according Iqbal et al (2019), the education of a to the results of interviews is the age of 43 person can have many skills or years. All fishermen are in the age group 19 knowledge that can be applied in the years - 67 years which means all productive world of work that can improve the fishermen. This should be a supporter where fishermen can increase their income. welfare of the individual. This is 3.1.2 Education evidenced by the level of education based on Figure 2 below.

Figure 2. Level of Fisheries of KUD Minasari Members Based on the figure, it can be seen that 3.1.3 Results of Catching Fishermen of Minasari Village Unit in general the fishermen members of the Cooperative Minasari Village Unit Cooperative constitute The catch is income of the majority of elementary school graduates, fishermen from the catch that will be as seen from the percentage of elementary traded with the auction system at the school graduates of 50% or as many as 30 Fish Auction Place. The following in people from 60 respondents. In addition, Figure 3 is a graph of the catches of junior high school, graduates for 32%, senior fishermen members of the Minasari high school 10%, 8% of fishermen are not a Village Unit Cooperative graduate and higher education 0% means that there are no higher education graduates for fishermen in the Minasari Village Unit Cooperative.

60000 55526.8

50000 40440.7

40000 30376.7 30000 21114.3

Volume(Kg) 20000 14008.6 15058.8 10154.1 6203.2 10000 3171.5 392.1 801.42122.7 852.9 502.3 1967 1401.8478.9 1931.3 747.1 928.4 0

Species of Fish Figure 3. Results of Catches of Minasari Village Unit Cooperative Fishermen Based on the results of the research in It is known that the size of the Figure 3 the catch of the fishermen Members fishing fleet is dominated by a size of 3- of the Minasari Village Unit Cooperative 5 GT, but the fishing gear used by catches diverse fish. From the graph above, fishermen is very diverse. The Trichiurus lepturus fish is the catch of following in Figure 4 are the types of Minasari Village Unit Cooperative members, fishing gear used by fishermen the highest and lowest is found in Grouper. members of the Minasari Village Unit Cooperative.

Figure 4. Graph Member Fishermen Capture Device Minasari Village Unit Cooperative

Based on Figure 4 operates fishing 39.99% is not good, the numbers 40% - gear assortment, including ciker, gillnets, 59.99% pretty good, numbers 60% - nylon gillnets strings, Rawe fishing rods and 79.99% good, and numbers 80% - nets Purse Seine mini. However, gillnet the 100% very good. most dominant strings are used by fishermen Minasari Village Unit members of the Minasari Village Unit Cooperative was formed based on Cooperative with a percentage of 50%.fishing common perceptions and needs of gear is Gillnet used to capture various kinds coastal communities, especially the of fish commodities so that fishermen people who work as fishermen to obtain members of the Minasari Village Unit facilities and infrastructure based on Cooperative choose to use fishing gear cooperative principles as well as gillnet. people's economic movements based on family principles. 3.2 Roles of Minasari Village Unit Minasari Village Unit Cooperative Cooperative has an active membership Analysis of the role Minasari Village condition of 618 people in which Unit Cooperative for the welfare of its members work as fishermen. But on the members is in accordance with cooperative membership of the Minasari Village principles which are divided into three: Unit Cooperative also works as a fulfillment of material needs at the Minasari trainee and also serves as a swordsman Village Unit Cooperative for its members, for 96 people. The following table 3 is a fulfillment of life appropriate for its condition of Minasari Village Unit members, and fulfillment of self-development Cooperative members according to the for its members which is calculated using the results of the task implementation Likert scale with the interpretation of the report in 2018. score based on the interval numbers 0% - 19.99% is not good, the numbers 20% - Table 3. Membership of Minasari Village Unit Cooperative

No Membership Number

1 Fishermen Member 618 People

2 Non Fishermen 96 People

Based on Table 3 it’s the active Cooperative are predominantly members of the Minasari Village Unit fishermen with a total of 618 people.

Because Pangandaran Regency is one of the Fulfillment of material regencies that has fisheries concessions in requirements for members of the Indonesia, so the people of Pangandaran Minasari Village Unit Cooperative Regency have livelihoods as fishermen to covers providing its members with easy become their main income. According to access to capital, providing easy access Nurhayati (2013), the main work as to fishing equipment, facilitating bait fishermen has uncertainty factors that raw materials, facilitating access increase over time from both natural and procurement of ship components, and economic factors. The natural factor in facilitate the procurement of ice so that question is a season factor that is difficult to the catch is of good quality. The predict. Meanwhile, economic factors are the following in table 4 is the result of the higher the cost of fishing, the yield tends to calculation of the role of the Minasari decrease and there are fluctuations in the Village Unit Cooperative in the price of fish. material needs for the welfare of its members. 3.2.1 Fulfilled Material Needs for Fishermen Members of Minasari Village Unit Cooperative Table 4. Material Requirements Fulfilled Members Variable Minasari Village Unit No Index(%) Information Cooperative Providing members with easy access in 1 36,00 Not good capital Providing easy access to fishing gear 2 71,33 Well equipment 3 Providing easy feed raw material 61,67 Well Facilitate access to procurement of vessel 4 69,00 Well components Facilitate the procurement of ice so that 5 88,33 Very good the catch is of good quality. Average Index 65,27 Well In table 4 above shows that the facilitate the procurement of ice so that material needs of Minasari Village Unit good quality catches have an average Cooperative members provide their members index of 65,27 % which means that it is with easy access to capital, making it easy to in good condition. However, the ease of access fishing equipment, making it easy for access in the capital has an index value feed raw materials, facilitate access to of 36,00 % which means it is not good procurement of ship components, and at the Minasari Village Unit

Cooperative to its members. This is because equipment units they have and if the Minasari Village Unit Cooperative does not fishermen members need bait or ice use a system of capital lending to its material so that good quality catches are members. provided at the Fish Auction Place. Minasari Village Unit Cooperative in Next picture 5 is a graph in meeting the its member material needs only provides material needs of its members at the fishing gear that has been provided in the Minasari Village Unit Cooperative.

Figure 5. Graph of Fulfilled Material Needs for Fishermen In Figure 5 the graph above shows the 3.2.2 Eligible Life Fulfilled for ease of access in the capital for fishermen Fishermen Members of members at the Minasari Village Unit Minasari Village Unit Cooperative Decent Cooperative at the lowest position compared Life is a human right of every to the procurement of fishing equipment human being but a decent livelihood is access, procurement of feedstock, not considered or ruled out. In fulfilling procurement of ship components, and a decent life at the Minasari Village procurement of ice. But the procurement of Unit Cooperative includes helping ice is at the highest position. The Minasari members to improve the quality of their Village Unit Cooperative provides ice health and the safety of their members, procurement facilities for fishermen members cooperative services to increase the available at the Fish Auction Place so that income from the auctioned catches, fishermen catches are of good quality. help realize their members to get decent However, to procure capital of the Minasari housing, help facilitate housing needs Village Unit Cooperative is not good at the ladder of its members, and the providing initial capital to all members. sharing of the results of cooperative

efforts made to its members. The

GSJ© 2019 www.globalscientificjournal.com GSJ: Volume 7, Issue 6, June 2019 ISSN 2320-9186 954 following table 5 is a calculation of the Minasari Village Unit Cooperative. fulfillment of a decent life for members of the Table 5. Fulfilled Decent Life for Fishermen N Variable Minasari Village Unit Index (%) Information o Cooperative Helps members improve the quality 1 of their health and the safety of its 74,00 Well members Cooperative services to increase 2 income from catches which are 85,00 Very good auctioned Help realize its members to get 3 31,33 Not good decent housing Help make it easier to get the 4 64,67 Well household needs of its members Distribution of the results of 5 cooperative efforts made to its 88,67 Very good members Average Index (%) 68,73 Well Based on table 5 above on the 0,20% RAT funds, 0,50% social funds, fulfillment of a decent life for its members in 0,30% old age funds, 0,20% old funds, the Minasari Village Unit Cooperative has an 0,20 % of marine fund, and 1,20% of unfavorable index value in helping to realize auction services. The distribution of its members to get decent housing with a proceeds in this famine fund will be value of 31.33 %. This is because the used every July, namely the distribution Minasari Village Unit Cooperative does not of rice to members by the cooperative. provide adequate housing for its members. But the results of the average index The Minasari Village Unit obtained at fulfilled a decent life with a Cooperative has a role in helping to increase value of 68.37 % means that the the income of the auctioned catches and the Minasari Village Unit Cooperative distribution of results of operations made for fulfilling a decent life for its members members who have been agreed upon at the is valued by its members. The Annual Member Meeting of 1% for following Figure 6 graph fulfills a mandatory savings, 2% for open deposits, decent life from the role of Minasari 0,40% famine funds, 0,50 death funds, 0,40% Village Unit Cooperative for its fishermen savings, 0,30% Lebaran packages, members.

Figure 6. Life-Fulfilled Charts Worthy of Fishermen In Figure 6 the graph above shows fulfilling the need to develop that the lowest is in realizing its members to themselves for its members, it covers get decent housing, meaning the Minasari how the Minasari Village Unit Village Unit Cooperative in realizing its Cooperative in the implementation of members to get decent housing is not good education and provides information on for its members. But in making it easier to get the use of fishing equipment so that the household needs the members are in a good maximum catches, storage of good position. This is because the management and quality catch so that it is of high value, employees of the Village Unit Cooperative understanding the impact of Minasari do not have the facilities to procure environmental pollution in the sea so adequate housing for their members, but in that fishermen can help maintain the the household needs of the members of the preservation of the sea, processing the Minasari Village Unit Cooperative provides catch so that it can be processed into fishermen members with famine funds in high-value processed products, and each section July. understanding of ship maintenance and 3.2.3 Fulfilled Self Development Needs equipment for fishing equipment to be for Minasari Village Unit Cooperative well maintained. The following table 6 Members According to cooperative principles in is the fulfillment of the members' self- Law No. 17 of 2012 article 6, one of them is a development needs. cooperative that organizes education and training for members, supervisors, administrators and employees, and provides information to the community about identity, activities and benefits of cooperatives. In

Table 6. Fulfilled Personal Development Needs Members of the Variable Village Minasari Village Unit No Index (%) Information Cooperative Village Unit Cooperative Development (KUD) in administering education and 1 providing information on the use of 71,00 Well fishing equipment so that the maximum catch is Development of catch storage good quality so high value, understanding the 2 impact of environmental pollution at sea 65,67 Well so that fishing can contribute to preserving the marine Fostering understanding of environmental pollution at sea so that 3 64,00 Well fishing can contribute to preserving the marine Development of processing the catch to 4 64,33 Well be processed into refined high value Fostering understanding in ship 5 maintenance and gear for fishing 71,00 Well equipment to be well maintained Average Index (%) 67,20 Well Based on table 6 above the Minasari coaching activities which included Village Unit Cooperative has an average building basics, fostering members and index of 67, 20%, meaning that according to fishermen, and fostering and educating members of the Minasari Village Unit employees. The following is Figure 7 Cooperative natural conditions to help fulfill graph in fulfilling the self-development the self-development needs of its members. needs of Minasari Village Unit According to the annual report of the Cooperative members. Minasari Village Unit Cooperative carried out

Figure 7. Fulfillment of Self Development Needs Graph for Minasari Village Unit Cooperative Members In Figure 7 the above graph their business. However, in reality there regarding the self-development of are still many fishermen who have not members of the Minasari Village Unit been able to increase their catch, so that Cooperative in the form of education as fishermen's income does not increase. well as providing information on the use However, in the independent effort of the of fishing equipment so that the catch is Minasari Village Unit Cooperative in good quality high, understanding the collaboration with the government of impact of environmental pollution on the Pangandaran Regency in managing or sea so that fishermen can participate in organizing the Fish Auction Place maintaining the preservation of the sea, Pangandaran the economic development of processing catches so that they can be fishing communities can be done from an processed into high-value processed institutional perspective as well as patterns products, and understanding ship of fisheries that can increase income maintenance and equipment for fishing fishermen. equipment are valued by its members. Fish marketing there needs to be a 3.3 The Role of Minasari Village management system as a regulator so that Unit Cooperative to Improve marketing can run in accordance with the Fishermen's Welfare in Pangandaran goals to be achieved, namely increase of Welfare through the role of income. The following in Figure 8 is the cooperatives is one of the important needs mechanism for fish auctioning at the to get services from cooperatives in order Pangandaran Fish Auction Place. to meet their needs and further develop

Pangandaran fishermen

Fish auction process in Minasari Village Unit Cooperative

Bakul Pengencer Bakul Pengusaha Ikan Ikan Pangandaran Pangandaran

Consumer

Figure 8. Fish Auction Mechanism In the mechanism of fish auctioning at procedure which bids higher than the the Fish Auction Place Pangandaran auctioned fish available and approved fishermen who come to bring fish products by the fishermen, the fish has the right are immediately taken to the auction site for to be owned by the basket. Fish that the separation process accordingly types of have been purchased with a price fish and weighing are assisted by Minasari agreement at auction are re-recorded by Village Unit Cooperative employees to be ticket holders and fishermen are given a recorded as tickets later given to fishermen. ticket containing the type of fish, fish Then the fish that have been separated weight, fish price / kg, and total fish according to the type of fish and weighing the prices from the ticket officer of the fish are brought close to the seller to sell the Minasari Village Unit Cooperative. fish accompanied by the auctioneer from the After the process takes place Minasari Village Unit Cooperative and and an agreement is reached by the representatives from the fishermen. This fishermen by bringing the ticket to the auction process can be followed by all cashier that has been provided by the available baskets. But still in the auction Minasari Village Unit Cooperative and

will be given income from the auction results Minasari Village Unit Cooperative.So that have been accumulated in advance with a from the calculation of the average percentage agreed at the Annual Member index by Appendix 5 is 67,07 %which Meeting 1% for compulsory savings, 2% means the role of the Village Unit Cooperative Minasari to improve the manasuka savings, 0,40% famine funds, 0,50 welfare of fishermen in Pangandaran death funds, 0,40% fishermen savings, 0,30% Regency is considered good by its Lebaran packages, 0,20% RAT funds, 0.50% members who are specifically funds, 0.50% funds social, 0,30% old age fishermen. According to Jannah (2013), funds, 0,20% marine fund, and 1,20% auction fish marketing there needs to be a services. management system as a regulator so that marketing can run in accordance The auction through TPI was indeed with the goals to be achieved, namely subject to fees for fees and funds collected welfare. This is in line with the and managed by the Minasari Village Unit principles and values of cooperatives to Cooperative. The funds collected are used for prosper the members of the Village the welfare of the members who work as Unit Cooperative, especially those who fishermen. The funds are channeled through work as fishermen. various forms such as in the health sector. If there is a member of the Minasari Village CONCLUSION Unit Cooperative who works as a fishermen, he experiences an accident in the sea, then the Based on the research role of Minasari Village Unit Cooperative will also Village Unit Cooperatives Minasari To contribute to his health. In addition to the Improve Welfare fishermen In the health sector of the Cooperative Unit Regency of Pangandaran The difference between fishermen West Java, the conclusion obtained the who are not members of the Village Unit role of Minasari Village Unit Cooperative, the fishermen do not have Cooperative Pangandaran has an facilities such as assistance in bidding to average index value at 67,07. This increase income from catches, is less able to average index means the role of cope with chronic income due to inaccessible Minasari Village Unit Cooperative to funds, it is difficult to maintain health and improve the welfare of fishermen in safety if something happens in the middle of Pangandaran Regency is considered the sea, and there are no death funds or old good by its respondent which catches age funds. layur fish the most using gillnet as So from that fishermen in fishing gear and boat with 3-5 GT of Pangandaran Regency chose to become the fishing fleets.

members of the Village Unit Cooperative, one of which became a member of the

SUGGESTIONS needs for the welfare of members 1. Minasari Village Unit Cooperative needs who work as fishermen. to improve again in the role of members 2. Further research needs to be done who work as fishermen in the provision on performance analysis in the of materials, provision of decent living, Minasari Village Unit Cooperative and the provision of self-development in improving the welfare of its members in Pangandaran Regency

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