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Protocol for Monitoring Riparian Habitat and Associated Wetlands in the Pinnacles National Monument Version 1.0

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National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Protocol for Monitoring Riparian Habitat and Associated Wetlands in the Pinnacles National Monument Version 1.0 Natural Resource Report NPS/SFAN/NRR—2011/455 ON THE COVER Biological Science Technician Amelia Byrd Ryan, North Wilderness Watershed, Pinnacles National Monument. Photograph by: Marie Denn, NPS Protocol for Monitoring Riparian Habitat and Associated Wetlands in the Pinnacles National Monument Version 1.0 Natural Resource Report NPS/SFAN/NRR—2011/455 Marie Denn National Park Service Pacific West Region Point Reyes National Seashore 1 Bear Valley Road Point Reyes, CA 94956 Amelia Byrd Ryan National Park Service Point Reyes National Seashore 1 Bear Valley Road Poit Reyes, CA 94956 September 2011 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate high-priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. The series targets a general, diverse audience, and may contain NPS policy considerations or address sensitive issues of management applicability. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. This report received formal, high-level peer review based on the importance of its content, or its potentially controversial or precedent-setting nature. Peer review was conducted by highly qualified individuals with subject area technical expertise and was overseen by a peer review manager. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government. This report is available from the San Francisco Bay Area Network Inventory and Monitoring Program (http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/units/sfan/index.cfm) and the Natural Resource Publications Management website (http://www.nature.nps.gov/publications/nrpm/). Please cite this publication as: Denn, M., and A. B. Ryan. 2011. Protocol for monitoring riparian habitat and associated wetlands in the Pinnacles National Monument: Version 1.0. Natural Resource Report NPS/SFAN/NRR—2010/455. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. NPS 114/110565, September 2011 ii Contents Page Figures............................................................................................................................................ ix Tables ............................................................................................................................................. xi Appendixes .................................................................................................................................. xiii Standard Operating Procedures.................................................................................................... xiii Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... xv Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... xix 1 - Background and Objectives ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Monitoring Objectives ...................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Wetlands and Riparian Areas ............................................................................................ 1 1.2.1 Background ............................................................................................................ 1 1.2.2 Wetlands and Riparian Habitat: Definitions and Classifications ........................... 2 1.2.2.1 Wetlands ..................................................................................................... 2 1.2.2.2 Field-identification of Wetlands ................................................................. 2 1.2.2.3 Wetland Classification ................................................................................ 3 1.2.2.4 Wetland Functions, Condition, Stressors .................................................... 4 1.2.3 Riparian Habitats .................................................................................................... 5 1.2.3.1 Riparian Habitat Delineation: ..................................................................... 6 1.2.3.2 Riparian Habitat Classification: .................................................................. 6 1.2.3.3 Characteristics of Lotic Riparian Habitat: .................................................. 6 1.3 Watersheds, Streams, and Wetlands at Pinnacles National Monument ............................ 8 1.4 Linkages among This and Other Monitoring Projects .................................................... 15 1.4.1 California Rapid Assessment Method for Wetlands (CRAM) ............................ 15 1.4.2 Network Weather and Climate Monitoring ......................................................... 15 iii Contents (continued) Page 1.4.3 Network Early Detection Protocol for Invasive Non-Native Plant Species .......................................................................................................................... 15 1.4.4 Network Plant Community Change Protocol ....................................................... 16 1.4.5 Network Raptor Monitoring Protocol .................................................................. 16 1.4.6 Network Amphibian Monitoring Protocol ........................................................... 16 1.4.7 Network Streamflow and Water Quality Monitoring Protocols .......................... 16 1.4.8 Network Landbird Monitoring Protocol .............................................................. 16 1.5 How Monitoring Results Will Inform Management Decisions ...................................... 17 1.6 Thresholds and Trigger Points for Management ............................................................ 17 2 - Data Collection Design ............................................................................................................ 21 2.1 Rationale for Selection of Data Collection Design ......................................................... 21 2.1.1 Rationale for Rejecting Other Commonly Used Designs .................................... 21 2.1.2 Rationale for Choosing the Proposed Data Collection Design ............................ 21 2.2 Site Selection, Target Population, Data Collection Framework, Data Collection Units, and Metrics ............................................................................................... 22 2.2.1 Site Selection, Target Population, Data Collection Framework, and Data Collection Units .................................................................................................... 22 2.2.1.1 100-meter Reaches .................................................................................... 26 2.2.1.2 Twenty-five-meter Segments .................................................................... 26 2.2.1.3 Permanently-located Transects at 300-meter Intervals ............................. 27 2.2.2 Metrics ................................................................................................................. 28 2.2.2.1 Wetland Abundance .................................................................................. 28 2.2.2.2 Riparian Vegetation Community Structure and Channel Morphology Characteristics .................................................................................. 29 2.2.2.3 Additional Observations to Qualitatively Characterize Channel Reaches ................................................................................................... 29 iv Contents (continued) Page 2.3 Data Collection Frequency and Replication ................................................................... 32 2.4 Timing of Fieldwork ....................................................................................................... 33 2.5 Location of Data Collection Sites ................................................................................... 33 2.6 Level of Change that can be Detected for the Amount and Type of Data Collection .............................................................................................................................. 34 2.6.1 Protocol Objective 1: Determine trends in the abundance of wetlands associated with stream channels at Pinnacles National Monument ..................................................................................................................... 34 2.6.2 Protocol Objective 2: Determine trends in vegetation communities (foliar cover by guild, foliar cover of trees and shrubs, guild richness) of riparian
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