BASELINE BIODIVERSITY REPORT SANTA YSABEL CAUZZA CONNECTOR PARCEL

P REPARED FOR:

County of San Diego Department of Parks and Recreation 5500 Overland Avenue, Suite 410 San Diego, CA 92123 Contact: Mr. Dallas Pugh

P REPARED BY:

ICF 525 B Street, Suite 1700 San Diego, California 92101

May 2017

ICF. 2017. Baseline Biodiversity Report, Santa Ysabel Cauzza Connector Parcel. May. (ICF 42.16.) San Diego, CA. Prepared for County of San Diego Department of Parks and Recreation, San Diego, CA. Contents

List of Tables and Figures ...... iii List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ...... iv Summary ...... S‐1 Chapter 1 Introduction ...... 1‐1 1.1 Purpose of the Study ...... 1‐1 1.2 Multiple Species Conservation Program Context ...... 1‐1 Chapter 2 Study Area Description ...... 2‐1 2.1 Study Area Location ...... 2‐1 2.2 Geographical Setting ...... 2‐1 2.3 Climate ...... 2‐2 2.4 Hydrology ...... 2‐2 2.5 Fire History ...... 2‐3 2.6 Trails and Roads ...... 2‐3 Chapter 3 Methods ...... 3‐1 3.1 Vegetation Communities/Habitats ...... 3‐1 Vegetation Communities Mapping ...... 3‐1 3.2 Plants ...... 3‐2 Floristic Surveys ...... 3‐2 3.3 Wildlife ...... 3‐3 Arroyo Toad Surveys ...... 3‐3 Birds ...... 3‐3 Mammals ...... 3‐6 Chapter 4 Results and Discussion ...... 4‐1 4.1 Vegetation Communities/Habitats ...... 4‐1 4.2 Plants ...... 4‐2 Special‐Status Plant Species Observed ...... 4‐2 Invasive Plant Species ...... 4‐3 4.3 Wildlife ...... 4‐4 Herpetofauna ...... 4‐5 Birds ...... 4‐6 Mammals ...... 4‐9 Special‐Status Wildlife Species Detected or Observed ...... 4‐12 Invasive Wildlife Species ...... 4‐14 4.4 Wildlife Movement ...... 4‐14

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County of San Diego Department of Parks and Recreation Contents

Chapter 5 Conclusions and Management and Monitoring Recommendations ...... 5‐1 5.1 Vegetation Communities/Habitats ...... 5‐1 5.2 Plants ...... 5‐1 Invasive Plants...... 5‐2 5.3 Wildlife ...... 5‐2 Herpetofauna ...... 5‐2 Birds ...... 5‐3 Mammals ...... 5‐3 Invasive Wildlife ...... 5‐4 5.4 Wildlife Movement ...... 5‐4 5.5 Additional Management Recommendations ...... 5‐4 Public Access ...... 5‐4 Fencing ...... 5‐4 Trails and Access Roads ...... 5‐5 Signage and Education ...... 5‐5 Litter/Trash Removal ...... 5‐5 Illegal Off‐Road Activity ...... 5‐5 Emergency and Safety Issues ...... 5‐5 Chapter 6 References ...... 6‐1

Appendix A Vascular Plant Species Observed Appendix B Potentially Occurring Special‐Status Plant Species Appendix C Wildlife Species Detected or Observed Appendix D Potentially Occurring Special‐Status Wildlife Species Appendix E Photographic Log

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County of San Diego Department of Parks and Recreation Contents

Tables and Figures

Table Page

1 Dates and Personnel for the Nocturnal Arroyo Toad Surveys on the Property in 2016 ...... 3‐3 2 Dates and Personnel for the Point Counts on the Property in 2016 ...... 3‐4 3 Dates and Personnel for the Nocturnal Bird Surveys on the Property in 2016 ...... 3‐5 4 Personnel, Date, Time, and Conditions of the Small Mammal Trapping at the Property in 2016 ...... 3‐7 5 Trapline Description ...... 3‐8 6 Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types within the Property ...... 4‐1 7 Nonnative Invasive Plant Species Observed on the Property ...... 4‐3 8 Amphibian Species Observed during 2016 Surveys ...... 4‐5 9 Reptile Species Observed during 2013 Surveys ...... 4‐5 10 Avian Species Observed and/or Detected at the Property in 2016 ...... 4‐7 11 Number of Individuals Observed or Detected During the Avian Point Counts1 ...... 4‐9 12 Number of Species Observed or Detected During the Avian Point Counts1 ...... 4‐9 13 Trapline Capture Summary ...... 4‐11

Figure Follows Page 1. Regional Location ...... 1‐2 2. Preserve Vicinity Map ...... 1‐2 3. MSCP Designations ...... 1‐2 4. Adjacent Conserved Lands ...... 1‐2 5. Soils Map ...... 2‐2 6. Hydrology Map...... 2‐2 7. Fire History ...... 2‐4 8. Trails ...... 2‐4 9. Critical Habitat ...... 3‐4 10. Avian Point Count and Small Mamma trapping Locations ...... 3‐4 11a. Vegetation Communities (Vegetation Classification Manual) ...... 4‐2 11b. Vegetation Communities (Holland Code) ...... 4‐2 12. Special‐Status Plant Species ...... 4‐2 13. Invasive Plant Species ...... 4‐4 14. Special‐Status Wildlife Species ...... 4‐6

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County of San Diego Department of Parks and Recreation Contents

Acronyms and Abbreviations

°F ° Fahrenheit AMSL above mean sea level ARTO arroyo toad ASMDs area‐specific management directives Cal‐IPC California Invasive Plant Council CDFW California Department of Fish and Wildlife CNDDB California Natural Diversity Database CNPS California Native Plant Society CRPR California Rare Plant Ranking GIS geographic information system GPS global positioning system mph miles per hour MSCP Multiple Species Conservation Program NVCS National Vegetation Classification System Preserve Santa Ysabel Open Space Preserve East and West Property Cauzza Property RMP Resource Management Plan SR State Route stations avian point count stations USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service USGS U.S. Geological Survey VCM Vegetation Classification Manual for Western San Diego County

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Executive Summary

The County of San Diego Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) acquired the 175.23‐acre Cauzza Property (Property) in 2015 for incorporation into the Santa Ysabel Open Space Preserve (Preserve) and to serve as a connection between the two properties that comprise the Preserve: the Preserve East and West properties. The Preserve East property is approximately 3,800 acres located east of State Route (SR) 79, and the Preserve West property is approximately 1,512 acres located west of SR 79. DPR is managing the Preserve in accordance with the existing Resource Management Plan (RMP) that includes Area‐Specific Management Directives (ASMDs) (County 2008). Incorporation of the Property into the Preserve requires that the RMP be updated to include the Property’s baseline biological conditions (including an inventory of biological resources) and applicable ASMDs.

ICF conducted a baseline biological inventory study at the newly acquired Property that included the following: (1) vegetation surveys including habitat community, rare plant, and San Diego Management and Monitoring Program (SDMMP) target invasive plant species (SDMMP 2016) and California Invasive Plant Council (Cal‐IPC) species mapping components; (2) herpetofaunal surveys; (3) ornithological surveys including diurnal point counts and nocturnal surveys; and (4) mammal surveys including small mammal trapping.

This report presents the methods and results of the aforementioned surveys conducted between March 2016 and January 2017. This report also provides recommended ASMDs to be incorporated into the updated RMP.

The Property is composed of four plant alliances, associations, or ground cover types:: Arroyo Willow Association, Baltic Rush–Mexican Rush Association, Mediterranean California Naturalized Annual and Perennial Grassland Semi‐Natural Stands, and Developed Lands. Ninety‐four (94) plant species were documented within these alliances and associations, including 1 special‐status plant species, San Diego gumplant (Grindelia hallii), and 19 nonnative species listed in the Cal‐IPC inventory, with one of these species, Artichoke thistle (Cynara cardunculus) being listed as a very high priority species by the SDMMP (2016).

A total of 68 wildlife species were observed or detected within the Property during the 2016–2017 surveys, including 2 amphibian, 2 reptile, 58 bird, and 6 mammal species. Eight special‐status wildlife species were detected during the surveys: Cooper’s hawk (Accipiter cooperi), burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia), red‐shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus), turkey vulture (Cathartes aura), white‐ tailed kite (Elanus caeruleus), yellow warbler (Setophaga petechia), western bluebird (Sialia mexicana), and barn owl (Tyto alba).

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Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Purpose of the Study Baseline biological resources surveys were conducted within the recently acquired 175.23‐acre property, known as the “Cauzza Property” (Property), which is located between the Santa Ysabel Open Space Preserve East and West (Preserve) (Figures 1 and 2). The Property will be incorporated to the Santa Ysabel Open Space Preserve and serve as a connection between the two properties that comprise the Preserve. The Preserve East property is approximately 3,800 acres located east of State Route (SR) 79 and the Preserve West property is approximately 1,512 acres located west of SR 79. The purpose of the surveys was to identify and map existing biological resources within the Property. This information is being used to update the Resource Management Plan (RMP), including the Area Specific Management Directives (ASMDs), which provide the management framework for monitoring and managing the Preserve’s resources.

A baseline biodiversity survey of the Santa Ysabel Open Space Preserve East and West was conducted in 2002 and 2003 by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) (Hathaway et al. 2004) and Ecological Outreach Services (Moran 2004).

1.2 Multiple Species Conservation Program Context The Property is located within the draft Multiple Species Conservation Program (MSCP) East County Plan (East County MSCP) (Figure 3). At present, the South County Subarea Plan is being implemented and the draft North County Plan is in process. The habitat conservation plans will work together to protect biodiversity while encouraging economic growth and maintaining a high quality of life for residents in the region. The conservation plans facilitate the conservation of habitat to benefit numerous species in a preserve system, or pre‐approved mitigation area, where preservation and conservation of natural lands will be concentrated. The conservation plans reduce constraints on future development outside of planned preserve areas and decrease the costs to comply with federal and state laws. In addition, through implementation of habitat conservation plans, species are protected to an extent that they may not need to be added to the lists of federal and state threatened and endangered species.

The Property is directly adjacent on the east and west to the County of San Diego Santa Ysabel Open Space Preserve (Figure 4). Un‐conserved natural lands exist to the north and south of the Property, and consist primarily of privately owned agricultural land. San Dieguito River Park is to the southwest of the Property and the Cleveland National Forest is to the southeast of the Property.

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County of San Diego, DPR U.S. FOREST SERVICE 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 Source: Conserved Lands-SANGIS, 2013; Miles Imagery-ESRI, 2013. $$

SANTA YSABEL WEST OPEN SPACE PRESERVE

SANTA YSABEL EAST OPEN SPACE PRESERVE

SAN DIEGUITO RIVER PARK SANTA YSABEL EAST OPEN SPACE PRESERVE 9 4 5 5 3

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_ NATIONAL y t n FOREST u o C \ s t c e j o r p \ o g e i D n a S \ : K Figure 4 Adjacent Conserved Lands Baseline Biodiversity Report Santa Ysabel Cauzza Connector Parcel

Chapter 2 Study Area Description

2.1 Study Area Location The Property is located in San Diego County near the unincorporated communities of Santa Ysabel and Julian (Figure 1), approximately 40 miles northeast of downtown San Diego, and can be found on USGS Santa Ysabel 7.5‐minute quadrangle (Figure 2). The Property is just west of SR 79, between the two properties that comprise the Preserve (Preserve East and West) and consists of Assessor’s Parcel Numbers 247‐160‐07, 247‐160‐01, 247‐140‐17, 247‐080‐05 (portion), and 247‐100‐05 (portion).

2.2 Geographical Setting The Property is within the flat to gently sloping Santa Ysabel Valley bottom in northeastern San Diego County within the foothills of the northwest‐to‐southeast running Vulcan Mountains which are situated to the east. The terrain consists of rolling grasslands bisected by riparian woodlands associated with Santa Ysabel Creek, which flows westward through the Property. Santa Ysabel Creek is a tributary to the San Dieguito River which originates within the Santa Ysabel Open Space Preserve East. Several prominent landforms are nearby including North Mountain to the north of SYOSP West and northeast of SYOSP East and Dye Mountain and the San Diego River to the south. Elevations on the Property range from 2,860 feet above mean sea level (AMSL) to approximately 2,950 feet AMSL.

Geology and Soils

The Property is situated within the Peninsular Ranges Region which is underlain primarily by Mesozoic granitic rocks. As a result, the soils mapped within the Property are primarily derived from weathered granitic rock. Soil types mapped within the Property include Holland fine sandy loam (HmD), Holland stony fine sandy loam (HnE), Holland fine sandy loam, deep (HoC), Reiff fine sandy loam (RkA and RkB), Riverwash (Rm), Sheephead rocky fine sandy loam (SpE2), and Tujunga sand (TuB) (Figure 5).

The Holland soil series (HmD, HnE, HoC) is characterized as a fine sandy loam or stony fine sandy loam with slopes from 2 to 30 percent. These soils are typically described as very deep, well‐drained soils that formed in material weathered from granitic rock mainly throughout the western portion of the Property (Figure 5).

The Reiff soil series (RkA and RkB) consists of very deep, well‐drained soils formed in coarse to medium textured alluvium weathered from mixed sources. Reiff soils typically occur on flood plains and alluvial fans with slopes from 0 to 9 percent. These soils are mapped throughout the middle portion of the Property (Figure 5).

The Riverwash soil series (Rm) is characterized as sandy, gravelly, or cobbly alluvium derived from mixed sources. These soils are typically well‐drained and are found along drainages. This soil is

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County of San Diego Department of Parks and Recreation Chapter 2. Study Area Description

mapped along the main channel of Santa Ysabel Creek, which traverses the eastern portion of the Property (Figure 5).

The Sheephead soil series (SpE2) consists of shallow, somewhat excessively drained soils that formed in material weathered from mica, schist, gneiss, or granite. Sheephead soils typically occur on mountainous uplands with slopes from 9 to 75 percent. This soil is mapped in one small area in the far west portion of the Property (Figure 5).

The Tujunga soil series (TuB) is characterized as very deep, somewhat excessively drained soils that form in alluvium from granitic sources. Tujunga soils typically occur on alluvial fans and floodplains with slopes ranging from 0 to 9 percent. This soil is mapped along a small tributary of Santa Ysabel Creek in the western portion of the Property (Figure 5).

2.3 Climate A semi‐permanent, Pacific high‐pressure cell over the Pacific Ocean dominates San Diego County’s climate. This cell drives the dominant onshore circulation, maintaining clear skies for much of the year. Summers in the Property area are typically warm and dry, while winters can be rainy with occasional snow (USDA 1973). The average temperatures range from approximately 46°Fahrenheit (°F) (low) to 93°F (high) in the summer and approximately 28°F (low) to 64°F (high) in the winter. In a normal year, precipitation averages 27 inches and falls mostly in the winter and spring (San Diego County Flood Control District 2007).

A predominant feature of the local climate is the sea‐breeze/land‐breeze cycle. During the daytime, particularly in the summer, onshore winds move inland with speeds of approximately 7 to 10 miles per hour (mph). Easterly land breezes of approximately two to four mph often occur at night. Surrounding rugged terrain, which induces turbulence into the airflow, modifies the influence of this cycle. In addition, this cycle is periodically affected by land airflow that dominates weather patterns. The most widely recognized of these are the Santa Ana conditions, during which strong, hot, dry easterly winds prevail for 2‐ or 3‐day periods.

2.4 Hydrology The Property is in the Santa Ysabel Hydrologic Area of the San Dieguito River Watershed. Designated beneficial uses for the San Dieguito River and its tributaries include municipal and domestic supply; agricultural supply; industrial service supply; industrial process supply; contact and non‐contact water recreation; warm freshwater habitat; cold freshwater habitat; wildlife habitat; biological habitats of special significance; and rare, threatened, or endangered species habitat.

Santa Ysabel Creek, the primary source of the San Dieguito River, crosses the site from north to south (Figure 6). The easternmost drainage traversing the Property is the main stem of Santa Ysabel Creek and is shown as an intermittent stream on the USGS 7.5‐minute Santa Ysabel quadrangle map. The western most drainage traversing the Property connects to the main stem of Santa Ysabel Creek just south of the Property. These drainages flow from northeast to southwest through the Property and then flow west into the San Dieguito River.

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Property Boundary HoC - Holland fine sandy loam Soil Type Lu - Loamy alluvial land CuG - Crouch rocky coarse sandy loam RkA - Reiff fine sandy loam HmD - Holland fine sandy loam RkB - Reiff fine sandy loam HmE - Holland fine sandy loam Rm - Riverwash HnE - Holland stony fine sandy loam SpE2 - Sheephead rocky fine sandy loam HnG - Holland stony fine sandy loam TuB - Tujunga sand

Source: Soils-SSURGO, 2011; 0 500 1,000 2,000 Imagery-SanGIS, 2012. Feet $ 4 3 8 8 3

7 1 0 2 / 2 2 / 2 d x m . s l i o S \ R B B \ o i B \ s d x m \ r o t c e n n o C _ a z z u a C _ l e b a s Y _ a t n a S _ 6 1 _ 2 4 0 0 0 \ c e R _ & _ s k r a P _ y t n u o C \ s t c e j o r p \ o g e i D n a S \ : K Figure 5 Soils Map Baseline Biodiversity Report Santa Ysabel Cauzza Connector Parcel Property Boundary

Streams

Source: Streams-NHD, 2000; 0 500 1,000 2,000 Imagery-SanGIS, 2012. Feet $ 4 3 8 8 3

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c O e e G j IE o e r D p N \ k A o S g e Julian i Cleveland Julian 1 " = 800 ' D n National a S \ : Forest K Figure 6 Hydrology Map Baseline Biodiversity Report Santa Ysabel Cauzza Connector Parcel County of San Diego Department of Parks and Recreation Chapter 2. Study Area Description

For context, drainages presented in this report are from the County’s geographic information system (GIS) drainage layer (Figure 6) and are for illustrative purposes only and not intended to define, for example, limits of waters of the U.S. or other specific features.

2.5 Fire History The Property is dominated by grassland and riparian woodland vegetation, which have not been naturally maintained by the occasional fire cycle. The fire cycles within the area are affected by actions within and adjacent to the Property; mainly anthropogenic fires, which have altered the fire cycles throughout most of San Diego County. The most recent documented fire to burn through the Property was an unnamed 1929 fire that only burned through the western portion of the Property (Figure 7) (SanGIS 2008).

2.6 Trails and Roads The Property is currently closed to the public. Several old access roads and cattle trails are found throughout the Property (Figure 8); however, no current approved hiking, biking, or equestrian trails exist within the Property.

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Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Cauzza Connector Parcel 2‐4 ICF 42.16

Fires Property Boundary Witch, 2007

Open, 2006

Cedar, 2003

Unnamed, 1929

0 500 1,000 2,000 Source: Fire Burn History-SanGIS, 2007; Feet Imagery-SanGIS, 2012. $ 4 3 8 8 3

7 1 0 2 / 3 2 / 2 d x m . y r o t s i H e r i F \ R B B \ o i B \ s d x m \ r o t c e n n o C _ a z z u a C _ l e b a s Y _ a t n a S _ 6 1 _ 2 4 0 0 0 \ c e R _ & _ s k r a P _ y t n u o C \ s t c e j o r p \ o g e i 1 " = 800 ' D n a S \ : K Figure 7 Fire History Baseline Biodiversity Report Santa Ysabel Cauzza Connector Parcel Property Boundary

Dirt Road/Path

Source: Imagery-SanGIS, 2012. 0 1,000 2,000 Feet $ 4 3 8 8 3

7 1 0 2 / 3 2 / 2 d x m . s l i a r T \ R B B \ o i B \ s d x m \ r o t c e n n o C _ a z z u a C _ l e b a s Y _ a t n a S _ 6 1 _ 2 4 0 0 0 \ c e R _ & _ s k r a P _ y t n u o C \ s t c e j o r p \ o g e i 1 " = 800 ' D n a S \ : K Figure 8 Trails Baseline Biodiversity Report Santa Ysabel Cauzza Connector Parcel

Chapter 3 Methods

ICF biologists conducted the following baseline biological surveys from March 22, 2016, through January 27, 2017, at the Property: (1) vegetation surveys including habitat community, rare plant, and Cal‐IPC invasive plant species mapping components; (2) herpetofaunal surveys; (3) ornithological surveys including diurnal point counts and nocturnal surveys; and (4) mammal surveys, including small mammal trapping.

The following sources are herein followed for taxonomy and nomenclature, including both scientific and standardized English names: Baldwin et al. (2012) and Rebman and Simpson (2014) for plants; the Center for North American Herpetology (2013) for amphibians and reptiles; American Ornithologist’s Union (1998 and supplements) for birds; and Baker et al. (2003) for mammals. The scientific binomial from the cited reference is included with the first mention of a species in the body of this report.

3.1 Vegetation Communities/Habitats Vegetation Communities Mapping Vegetation communities were mapped on a 1 inch equals 200 feet (1:2400)‐scale aerial photograph of the Property in the field and later digitized into a GIS GeoDatabase using ArcGIS software. The mapping effort was implemented within the Property boundaries and included a 100‐foot buffer pursuant to County of San Diego guidelines (County of San Diego 2010a). The methods and classification system used for this effort were consistent with the 2011 Vegetation Classification Manual for Western San Diego County (AECOM et al. 2011, herein referred to as VCM), which is based on A Manual of California Vegetation (Sawyer et al. 2009) and the Holland (1986) (as modified by Oberbauer 2008) classification system.

The VCM is a hierarchical system that is consistent with the National Vegetation Classification System (NVCS). The highest levels of the NVCS are very broad, and therefore not part of the locally derived VCM, which focuses on the lowest levels—the alliances, associations, and stands. Alliances are characterized by “the presence of diagnostic species within a range of cover values within a single plant stratum” and associations are a “subset of types within an alliance, which are further defined by additional diagnostic species that may be present in any stratum” (AECOM et al. 2011). The most basic unit in the VCM classification system is the stand, which is defined by species composition and relative cover, as well as structural integrity (e.g., vertical and horizontal structure resulting from local environmental conditions and site history). Semi‐natural stands are equivalent to an alliance but dominated by nonnative species.

The vegetation types (e.g., alliances and associations) were determined by assessing the relative dominance of tree, shrub, and herbaceous species. These determinations were made with the use of a key, which was in the form of an interactive CD‐ROM that was installed on a computer and used in the field. In addition, to confirm the field identification, “membership rules” were reviewed as well as slope aspect, topographic position, and soil texture for each alliance and association. The boundaries of vegetation communities were then drawn onto a 1:2400‐scale color aerial photograph

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County of San Diego Department of Parks and Recreation Chapter 3. Methods

and incorporated into a GIS data layer. To ensure consistency with previous mapping, the MSCP, and other planning or regulatory documents, the mapping on the Preserve was cross‐walked to the Holland classification system (1986), as modified by Oberbauer et al. (2008), pursuant to guidelines detailed in Appendix C of the VCM. Mapping of VCM and Holland are presented in the results.

All existing staging areas, roads, and trails were included on the map and depicted as either disturbed (dirt) or developed (paved). Anthropogenic or unvegetated land covers not described in VCM are presented with their Holland code descriptions.

3.2 Plants Prior to conducting rare plant surveys, ICF biologists performed a literature search of the available special‐status species databases to determine if rare plants were previously detected or known to occur within the vicinity of the Property. Available data that was reviewed included the California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB) (CDFW 2016), the California Native Plant Society (CNPS) Rare Plant Inventory (CNPS 2016), and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) soil survey of the Property and vicinity (USDA 1973).

Surveys were conducted to categorize and map the plant communities within the Property, map special‐status plants, map Cal‐IPC invasive plant species, document all flora observed, and assess the potential occurrence of special‐status plant species not detected during the surveys. ICF botanists traversed the Property via meandering transects in an effort to accurately categorize vegetation communities and identify all plant species. For the purpose of this study, special‐status plant species include all species listed or proposed for listing by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW), any species listed as 1B through 4 on the California Rare Plant Ranking (CRPR), and any species on the County list (Groups A, B, C, and D). Floristic Surveys ICF botanists traversed the study area via meandering transects in an effort to identify the locations of readily detectable special‐status species. All plant species observed were noted, and plants that could not be identified in the field were identified later using taxonomic keys, including Baldwin et al. (2012).

ICF botanists traversed the Property via meandering transects in an effort to also observe and map nonnative invasive plant species populations. Invasive plants incidentally observed during other surveys were also recorded. Invasive plant species include those listed as target species by the SDMMP (2016) and by the Cal‐IPC Invasive Plant Inventory (2016). Botanists mapped perennial highly invasive plant species, focusing on species that are both invasive and have potential to be controlled. Annual Mediterranean grasses such as ripgut brome (Bromus diandrus), red brome (Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens), and wall barley (Hordeum murinum) are highly invasive but were not mapped, as these species are widespread and persistent and cannot be practicably controlled on a large Preserve.

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County of San Diego Department of Parks and Recreation Chapter 3. Methods

3.3 Wildlife Surveys were conducted to document the wildlife species currently using the Property and to assess the potential occurrence of special‐status wildlife species not detected during the surveys. The CNDDB was reviewed to create a list of wildlife with potential to occur on site (CDFW 2016) (Cuyamaca Peak, El Cajon Mountain, Julian, Mesa Grande, Ramona, Ranchita, Santa Ysabel, Tule Springs, and Warner’s Ranch USGS 7.5‐minute quadrangles). Using a checklist of all species in the region with a special status (Table 3, County of San Diego 2010b), species were added to the list of potentially occurring species based on professional knowledge and judgment, experience with prior projects/studies in the area, review of previous studies (Hathaway et al. 2004) conducted near the Property, and ICF internal databases. The potential for each of these species to occur on the Property or in the immediate vicinity was evaluated using the aforementioned references and resources and was based on the species’ distribution, habitat requirements, disturbance tolerance, threats and causes of declines, and other aspects of their conservation biology. Special‐status wildlife species include all species listed or proposed for listing by the USFWS and CDFW, and any species on the County list (Group I and II). Arroyo Toad Surveys The entire Property is within designated arroyo toad (Anaxyrus californicus; ARTO) critical habitat (Figure 9), and there are CNDDB observations of toads downstream of the site in Santa Ysabel Creek. Modified protocol presence/absence surveys were performed in 2016. Modification of the protocol included a reduced effort from 6 to 3 surveys, performed in April, May, and June (Table 1). Surveys were completed in an attempt to determine if ARTO were present on the Property, and included a daytime and nighttime portion. Aside from the aforementioned modification, the methods otherwise strictly followed the USFWS arroyo toad survey guidelines (USFWS 1999). Nocturnal surveys were conducted with the aid of high‐intensity LED headlamps and consisted of passive surveys, (listening for vocalizations), and (active surveys), inspecting the riparian areas and surrounding upland habitats. Other aquatic organisms and species that may affect habitat quality for ARTO were documented during surveys. All other incidental wildlife observations were recorded as well.

Table 1. Dates and Personnel for the Nocturnal Arroyo Toad Surveys on the Property in 2016

Date Name of Biologists

April 13, 2016 M. Warburton, W. Kohn

May 17, 2016 M. Warburton, B. Bowen

June 23, 2016 M. Warburton, B. Bowen

Birds 3.3.2.1 Diurnal Point Counts Avian use of the Property was documented through the use of five avian point count stations (stations) sampled once a month for 4 months beginning in May and concluding in August (Table 2; Figure 10). Point counts provide a repeatable, quantitative sampling method that allows for an

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County of San Diego Department of Parks and Recreation Chapter 3. Methods

estimation of species diversity, as well as relative abundance. Photographs of the point count stations are provided in Appendix E, photos 7 through 25.

Table 2. Dates and Personnel for the Point Counts on the Property in 2016

Date Name of Biologist

May 25, 2016 Kimberly Ferree

June 28 and 29, 2016 Kimberly Ferree

July 26, 2016 Kimberly Ferree

August 30, 2016 Kimberly Ferree

Point count methods followed recommendations provided in Monitoring Bird Populations by Point Counts (Ralph et al. 1995) and Regional Landbird Monitoring: Perspectives from the Northern Rocky Mountains (Hutto and Young 2002) for extensive (i.e., station‐independent) surveys. The following summarizes the methods implemented and includes additional procedures beyond those recommendations in Monitoring Bird Populations by Point Counts (Ralph et al. 1995) and Regional Landbird Monitoring: Perspectives from the Northern Rocky Mountains (Hutto and Young 2002).

Stations were placed systematically to maximize sampling of the Property and to minimize coverage of outside areas. No particular features (e.g., plant community, slope, or aspect) were selected for or avoided, primarily due to the broad objectives of the study. Prior to the first counts, all stations were mapped in the field, located using a global positioning system (GPS), marked for later identification, and photographed. The view from each point was photographed in the four cardinal compass directions.

Counts were conducted at each station once a month (May through August). The following recommendations, drawn directly from Monitoring Bird Populations by Point Counts (Ralph et al. 1995), were followed.

 Stations were located at least 250 meters (820 feet) apart to ensure independence (i.e., no or minimal overlapping of individual birds detected).

 Counts were conducted at each station for 10 minutes, which were subdivided into three time intervals (0–3 minutes, 3–5 minutes, and 5–10 minutes).

 All observed and detected birds were counted except for those determined to have been counted at a previous station.

 Both observed and detected individuals were recorded as long as they were clearly identified.

 Birds were recorded within each time interval as (1) occurring within a 50‐meter (164‐foot) radius from the station, (2) occurring outside the 50‐meter (164‐foot) radius, or (3) flying over. This allowed for rudimentary density estimates.  Adverse weather was avoided (e.g., dense fog, mornings with no heavy or extended rain or leaf drip noise and with winds less than 8 mph).

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4 3 8 8 3

7 1 0 2 / 8 2 / 2 d x m . t a t i b a H l a c i t i r C \ R B B \ o i B \ s d x m \ r o t c e n n o C _ a z z u a C _ l e b a s Y _ a t n a S _ 6 1 _ 2 4 0 0 0 \ c e R _ & _ s k r a P _ y t n

u Property Boundary o C \ s t

c Critical Habitat e j o r

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S Source: Imagery-ESRI, 2013. Miles \ :

K $ Figure 9 Critical Habitat Baseline Biodiversity Report Santa Ysabel Cauzza Connector Parcel Property Boundary

!( Avian Point Count

Small Mammal Trapping

Grid

Trapline

0 800 1,600 Source: Imagery-SanGIS, 2012. Fe1e "t = 800 ' $

T3

T4 !(2 G2

T1 G1 T2 !(1 !(5 !(3 !(4 G3

G4 9 4 5 5 3

7 1 0 2 / 7 2 / 3 d x m . y r o t n e v n I o i B \ R B B \ o i B \ s d x m \ r o t c e n n o C _ a z z u a C _ l e b a s Y _ a t n a S _ 6 1 _ 2 4 0 0 0 \ c e R _ & _ s k r a P _ y t n u o C \ s t c e j o r p \ o g e i D n a S \ : K Figure 10 Avian Point Count and Small Mammal Trapping Locations Baseline Biodiversity Report Santa Ysabel Cauzza Connector Parcel County of San Diego Department of Parks and Recreation Chapter 3. Methods

 Certain independent variables of the study were controlled to ensure the data collected were representative of the Property as a whole and not skewed in any one direction. For example, stations were visited in the same order each time, and surveys began within an hour of sunrise and were completed within 3 hours.

Additional point count methods not specified in Monitoring Bird Populations by Point Counts (Ralph et al. 1995)include the following.

 No attempts were made to attract birds, such as through the use of taped vocalizations or “pishing” (imitating avian scold or alarm calls).  When a flock was directly observed and the number of individuals could not be precisely counted, a best estimate was used. If a flock was heard but not directly observed, only the number of individuals that were definitively heard were recorded. Thus, a best estimate would not be accurate for auditory detections.  All birds were identified to species, when possible. Each individual bird was counted unless they could not be identified beyond “unidentified bird.” Entries at the highest level of identification (e.g., “hummingbird sp., sparrow sp.”) were used to calculate the number of individual birds observed at a point count station; however, entries at the highest level of identification were not included in the number of species observed unless the genus was already represented during the sampling period.  Flyovers (i.e., birds flying overhead) provide little information when conducting a biodiversity study assessing land use by varying species. For this reason, data collected for flyovers were recorded separately and used to bolster the overall species list.

3.3.2.2 Nocturnal Surveys Monthly nocturnal bird surveys were conducted for 3 months at the Preserve (Table 3). Methods included walking trails throughout the Property, while looking and listening for birds. A moderately powerful headlamp was used to aid identifications. Electronic playback of owl calls was intermittently used in an attempt to elicit responses from birds.

Table 3. Dates and Personnel for the Nocturnal Bird Surveys on the Property in 2016

Date Name of Biologists

April 13, 2016 M. Warburton, W. Kohn

May 17, 2016 M. Warburton, B. Bowen

June 23, 2016 M. Warburton, B. Bowen

3.3.2.3 Burrowing Owl Surveys Ground squirrel burrow complexes, potentially suitable for burrowing owl, were mapped during rare and invasive plant surveys. Incidental burrowing owl observations were recorded during all surveys. Protocol burrowing owl presence/absence surveys were not conducted.

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County of San Diego Department of Parks and Recreation Chapter 3. Methods

Mammals The goal of the mammal surveys was to document which species are currently present on the Property or utilizing the Property as a movement corridor to other areas of the County. Mammal species were documented through general pedestrian surveys and small mammal trapping.

3.3.3.1 Small Mammal Trapping For the purposes of this study, small mammals include species in the following families: shrew (Soricidae), mole (Talpidae), squirrel (Sciuridae), pocket gopher (Geomyidae), pocket mouse (Heteromyidae), and rat and mouse (Muridae). For this trapping effort, the small mammal sample areas were selected using vegetation mapping and aerial photography. Sample areas were selected based on three criteria: (1) sampling of different vegetation communities, (2) geographic distribution across the Property, and (3) sampling of unique features (e.g., wash or ecotone).

Small mammal trapping on the Property consisted of 3 nights of trapping. A total of eight sample areas were selected within the Preserve. Traps were distributed in grids for open grasslands and sign‐set traplines for riparian and grassland margins. A total of four grids and four meandering sign‐ set traplines were distributed throughout the sample area (Figure 10). Each sample area consisted of 25 traps with a total of 200 traps. The number of traps used for this effort was based on logistical factors, such as distance and terrain between sample areas and estimated time to process small mammals captured. In total, the Property trapping program produced 640 trap‐nights (i.e., number of traps multiplied by the number of nights).

Each grid and transect sample area included 25 sequentially numbered 12‐inch Sherman live traps. For all four grid sample areas, traps were spaced out approximately 10 meters (33 feet) apart. For all four transect sample areas, traps were generally spaced between 3 meters (9 feet) and 6 meters (18 feet) apart, and were positioned where small rodent “sign” (e.g., scat, burrows, dusting baths) was apparent. If no rodent sign was apparent, traps were placed near the base of shrubs. The locations of traps were documented using a recreational‐grade GPS receiver (Garmin brand, Wide Area Augmentation System enabled).

Traps were initially set and baited in the late afternoon on Monday, September 5, 2016. Traps were opened and baited before dusk and closed during the dawn trap check. Traps were systematically checked around dawn between 6:00 a.m. and 9:00 a.m. Table 4 summarizes the personnel, dates, and conditions for the trapping program. Table 5 summarizes the conditions associated with each sample area, including configuration (i.e., grid vs. transect), spacing, number of traps, trap sequence, trap night total, physical description, and associated vegetation communities. The location of each sample area is depicted on Figure 10.

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County of San Diego Department of Parks and Recreation Chapter 3. Methods

Table 4. Personnel, Date, Time, and Conditions of the Small Mammal Trapping at the Property in 2016

Night Personnel Number Date Checked Times Checked Conditions Phil Richards 1 September 6, 2016 6:45 to 9:15 a.m. Clear; 46–66°F; 0–1 mph wind; Nicole Salas no moon visible Phil Richards 2 September 7, 2016 6:10 to 9:30 a.m. Clear; 55–82°F; 0–1 mph wind; Nicole Salas no moon visible Phil Richards 3 September 8, 2016 6:15 to 9:30 a.m. Clear; 55–79°F; 1–5 mph wind; Nicole Salas no moon visible

When animals were captured, each animal was transferred from the trap into a cloth bag. The animals were removed by their napes and identified to species. The sex and reproductive condition of each animal was recorded (i.e., testes scrotal, not scrotal; vagina perforate, not perforate). Any mites, ticks, or other parasites were noted. Digital photos were taken of the trapping surveys (Appendix E, photos 26 and 27). Once the data were recorded onto data sheets, each animal was released where captured. This process took several minutes for each capture. The released animals were observed until they moved to the safety of a burrow or clump of vegetation.

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County of San Diego Department of Parks and Recreation Chapter 3. Methods

Table 5. Trapline Description

Sample Configuration/ Number Trap Trap Vegetation Area Spacing of Traps Sequence Nights Physical Description Communities G1 Grid/ 25 1–25 75 Grid is along the western portion of the Preserve (Figure Nonnative Grassland 10 meters 10). This sample area consists of an open field composed (33 feet) of a mix of bare ground and nonnative grasses. T1 Transect/ 25 26–50 75 Trapline is near the center of the Preserve (Figure 10). Southern Arroyo 3–6 meters This sample area consists of a shallow drainage with a Willow Riparian (10–20 feet) dense canopy cover. Trapline meanders through Forest vegetation consisting of a mix of willows and oak trees. Conditions within the understory are heavily disturbed due to the cattle use, and it is composed mostly of bare ground and litter. G2 Grid/ 25 51–75 75 Grid is near the center of the Preserve (Figure 10). This Nonnative Grassland 10 meters sample area consists of an open field composed of a mix of (33 feet) bare ground and nonnative grasses. T2 Transect/ 25 76–100 75 Trapline is along the north end of the Preserve (Figure Montane Meadow 3–6 meters 10). This sample area consists of open terraces and a and Southern Arroyo (10–20 feet) narrow, mildly incised drainage. Terraces comprised bare Willow Riparian ground, nonnative grasses, and a few scattered herbs and Forest small shrub. Drainage consists of willow trees. Conditions within the understory are heavily disturbed due to cattle use, and it is composed of mostly bare ground and litter. G3 Grid/ 25 151–175 75 Grid is near the east end of the Preserve (Figure 10). This Nonnative Grassland 10 meters sample area consists of an open field composed of a mix of (33 feet) bare ground and nonnative grasses. T3 Transect/ 25 101–125 75 Trapline is along the northeast portion of the Preserve Southern Arroyo 3–6 meters (Figure 10). This sample area consists of a relatively broad Willow Riparian (10–20 feet) drainage and adjacent sloping terrace. Trapline meanders Forest and Nonnative through vegetation consisting of mostly willow trees. Grassland Conditions within the understory are moderately disturbed due to cattle use, and it is comprised of mostly bare ground and litter.

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County of San Diego Department of Parks and Recreation Chapter 3. Methods

Sample Configuration/ Number Trap Trap Vegetation Area Spacing of Traps Sequence Nights Physical Description Communities G4 Grid/ 25 176–200 75 Grid is near the south end of the Preserve (Figure 10). This Nonnative Grassland 10 meters sample area consists of an open field composed of a mix of (33 feet) bare ground and nonnative grasses. T4 Transect/ 25 126–150 75 Trapline is located near the center of the Preserve (Figure Southern Arroyo 3–6 meters 10). This sample area consists of a relatively broad Willow Riparian (10–20 feet) drainage and adjacent sloping terrace. Trapline meanders Forest and Nonnative through vegetation consisting of mostly willow trees and Grassland scattered shrubs. Conditions within the understory are moderately disturbed due to cattle use, and it is composed of a bare ground and litter

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Chapter 4 Results and Discussion

4.1 Vegetation Communities/Habitats Four plant alliances, associations, or ground cover types were recorded within the Property (Table 6). Figures 11a and 11b display the vegetation communities according to the VCM and according to the Holland – Oberbauer classification, respectively. These vegetation community and cover types are described below and organized as they are in the classification key by functional group (i.e., scrub and chaparral, woodland, riparian woodland, herbaceous wetlands, and grasslands). The VCM does not include unvegetated habitat (e.g., disturbed habitat, urban/developed, and non‐vegetated channel); therefore, unvegetated habitat is described using the Oberbauer‐modified Holland classification system (Oberbauer et al. 2008, Holland 1986).

Until the VCM was finalized in 2011, preserve lands were generally mapped using the Holland classification system. To ensure consistency with previous mapping efforts, the Property map data layer was cross‐walked to the Holland system pursuant to the VCM (AECOM et al. 2011; Table 6, Figure 11). Representative photographs of vegetation communities are included in Appendix E (photos 1–4).

Table 6. Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types within the Property

VCM VCM Holland Holland Acres Alliance/Association Common Name Code Classification Riparian Woodland 3.10.1 Salix lasiolepis Association Arroyo Willow 61310 Southern Arroyo 14.69 Association Willow Riparian Forest Herbaceous Wetland 5.2.1 Anemopsis californica – Juncus Yerba mansa and 45100 Montane meadow 1.08 arcticus Association Baltic rush association Grassland 5.21 Mediterranean California ‐‐ 42200 Non‐native 194.41 Naturalized Annual and grassland Perennial Grassland Semi‐ Natural Stands Unvegetated1 N/A N/A N/A 12000 Urban/Developed 4.04 TOTAL 214.22 1 The Vegetation Classification Manual does not classify unvegetated habitats such as that found in the Oberbauer‐ modified Holland classification system: disturbed habitat, non‐vegetated channel, and developed.

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County of San Diego Department of Parks and Recreation Chapter 4. Results and Discussion

4.1.1.1 Arroyo Willow Association (3.10.1) Arroyo Willow Association is a vegetation community comprised of arroyo willow (Salix lasiolepis) with associated species such as red willow (Salix laevigata), black willow (Salix gooddingii), Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii ssp. fremontii), and mule‐fat (Baccharis salicifolia). Within the Property, this vegetation community occurs along Santa Ysabel Creek.

4.1.1.2 Yerba Mansa and Baltic Rush Association (5.2.1) The Yerba Mansa and Baltic Rush Association is a vegetation community dominated by rushes. These areas are grazed, and as a result identification of rush species was not possible. Associated species included yerba mansa (Anemopsis californica) and slender sedge (Carex praegracilis). This community occurs in depressional areas adjacent to Santa Ysabel Creek.

4.1.1.3 Mediterranean California Naturalized Annual and Perennial Grassland Semi‐Natural Stands (5.21) Mediterranean California Naturalized Annual and Perennial Grassland Semi‐Natural Stands is a vegetation community that occurs at the group level, which is hierarchically above association. This classification is used where there is no clear dominant nonnative species, but all are mixed together. Some species typically found in this group are red brome (Bromus madritensis), red‐stem filaree (Erodium cicutarium), and ripgut grass (Bromus diandrus). This community is the dominant vegetation type and occurs throughout the Property.

4.1.1.4 Developed Lands (12000) Developed land typically consists of existing paved roads, buildings, ornamental plantings, and other infrastructure. The only area mapped as developed is SR 79 within the eastern 100‐foot buffer of the Property.

4.2 Plants In total, 94 plant species—59 native and 35 nonnative plant species (Table 7)—were recorded during focused and general surveys. The complete list of observed plant species is included in Appendix A. A discussion of special‐status plant species with potential to occur on the Property is presented as Appendix B.

One of these species is considered special‐status by San Diego County and CNPS: San Diego gumplant (Grindelia hallii) (Figure 12) (Appendix E, photo 5). Special‐Status Plant Species Observed 4.2.1.1 San Diego Gumplant (Grindelia hallii)

CRPR List 1B.2, San Diego County List A San Diego gumplant is a perennial herb in the sunflower family (Asteraceae) that blooms from May through October. This species occurs in meadows, chaparral, lower montane coniferous forest, and

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Property Boundary

Vegetation Communities [Mapped According to the Vegetation Classification Manual Western San Diego County (SANDAG 2011)]

3.10.1 Salix lasiolepis

5.2.1 Anemopsis californica-Juncus arcticus

5.21 Mediterranean California Naturalized Annual and Perennial Grassland Semi-Natural Stands

Unvegetated Areas (Holland Oberbauer 2008

12000 Urban/Developed

0 800 1,600 Source: Imagery-SanGIS, 2012. Feet 1 " = 800 ' $ K:\San Diego\projects\County_Parks_&_Rec\00042_16_Santa_Ysabel_Cauzza_Connector\mxds\Bio\BBR\Veg11A.mxd 3/27/2017 35549 K:\San Diego\projects\County_Parks_&_Rec\00042_16_Santa_Ysabel_Cauzza_Connector\mxds\Bio\BBR\Veg11A.mxd Figure 11A Vegetation Communities (Vegetation Classification Manual) Baseline Biodiversity Report Santa Ysabel Cauzza Connector Parcel Property Boundary

Vegetation Communities (Mapped According to the Holland Oberbauer 2008 Classification)

12000 Urban/Developed

42200 Nonnative Grassland

45100 Montane Meadow

61320 Southern Arroyo Willow Riparian

0 800 1,600 Source: Imagery-SanGIS, 2012. Feet1 " = 800 ' $ K:\San K:\San Diego\projects\County_Parks_&_Rec\00042_16_Santa_Ysabel_Cauzza_Connector\mxds\Bio\BBR\Veg.mxd 35549 3/27/2017 Figure 11B Vegetation Communities (Holland Code) Baseline Biodiversity Report Santa Ysabel Cauzza Connector Parcel Property Boundary

Special-Status Plants

!( San Diego Gumplant (Grindelia hallii)

San Diego Gumplant (Grindelia hallii)

0 800 1,600 Source: Imagery-SanGIS, 2012. Fe1e "t = 800 ' $ 4 3 8 8 3

7 1 0 2 / 1 / 3 d x m . s t n a l P e r a R \ R B B \ o i B \ s d x m \ r o t c e n n o C _ a z z u a C _ l e b a s Y _ a t n a S _ 6 1 _ 2 4 0 0 0 \ c e R _ & _ s k r a P _ y t n u o C \ s t c e j o r p \ o g e i D n a S \ : K Figure 12 Special Status Plant Species Baseline Biodiversity Report Santa Ysabel Cauzza Connector Parcel County of San Diego Department of Parks and Recreation Chapter 4. Results and Discussion

valley and foothill grassland. Several hundred individuals of San Diego gumplant were detected in the eastern portion of the Property. Invasive Plant Species The introduction of foreign invasive species into native habitats is becoming more common, and further expansion of human activities into areas away from urban and suburban centers will amplify this effect. Today, it is almost impossible to find any lowland areas in California that do not support a collection of plant species brought from other regions.

The foremost adverse effect of invasive plants on an ecosystem is that they out‐compete native species. This can occur directly by outcompeting native plants for space, but also indirectly by outcompeting native plants for scarce water resources, soil nutrients, or even sunlight. Other species may use chemicals (i.e., allelopathy) to prevent germination of native plants. With a decrease in native plant diversity and richness, there is an associated decrease in native animal diversity, particularly endemic invertebrates. Thus, it becomes important to control or eliminate nonnative invasive plant species from recruiting in native areas to maintain natural biodiversity and the support systems for native fauna.

Table 7 lists the 35 nonnative invasive plant species found during the surveys of the Property.

Table 7. Nonnative Invasive Plant Species Observed on the Property

Scientific Name Common Name Cal‐IPC SDMMP Priority Invasive Ailanthus altissima Tree of heaven Moderate ‐‐ Apium graveolens Celery ‐‐ ‐‐ Avena fatua Wild oat Moderate ‐‐ Bromus diandrus Ripgut brome Moderate ‐‐ Bromus hordeaceus Soft brome Limited ‐‐ Bromus madritensis ssp. Red brome High ‐‐ Centaurea melitensis Tocalote Moderate ‐‐ Cerastium glomeratum Sticky mouse‐ear ‐‐ ‐‐ Cirsium vulgare Bull thistle Moderate ‐‐ Cynara cardunculus Artichoke thistle Moderate Very High Cynodon dactylon Bermuda grass Moderate ‐‐ Erodium cicutarium Redstem filaree Limited ‐‐ Erodium moschatum Whitestem filaree ‐‐ ‐‐ Festuca myuros Rattail fescue Moderate ‐‐ Hedypnois cretica Crete weed ‐‐ ‐‐ Hirschfeldia incana Shortpod mustard Moderate ‐‐ Hordeum murinum Wall barley Moderate ‐‐ Hypochaeris glabra Smooth cat's‐ear Limited ‐‐ Lamarckia aurea Goldentop grass ‐‐ ‐‐ Lamium amplexicaule Henbit ‐‐ ‐‐ Malva parviflora Cheeseweed ‐‐ ‐‐ Marrubium vulgare Horehound Limited ‐‐ Medicago polymorpha California burclover Limited ‐‐

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County of San Diego Department of Parks and Recreation Chapter 4. Results and Discussion

Scientific Name Common Name Cal‐IPC SDMMP Priority Invasive Melilotus indicus Indian sweetclover ‐‐ ‐‐ Polypogon monspeliensis Rabbit foot beard grass Limited ‐‐ Robinia pseudoacacia Black locust Limited ‐‐ Rubus laciniatus Cutleaf blackberry ‐‐ ‐‐ Salsola tragus Prickly Russian thistle ‐‐ ‐‐ Schismus barbatus Mediterranean schismus Limited ‐‐ Sisymbrium irio London rocket Moderate ‐‐ Solanum elaeagnifolium Silverleaf nightshade ‐‐ ‐‐ Sonchus oleraceus Common sow thistle ‐‐ ‐‐ Taraxacum officinale Common dandelion ‐‐ ‐‐ Verbascum sp. Mullein ‐‐ ‐‐ Vicia benghalensis Purple vetch ‐‐ ‐‐ 1 Cal‐IPC = Inventory database available at: http://cal‐ipc.org/paf/. 2 SDMMP = Priority invasive species as outlined in the SDMMP Management strategic plan for conserved lands in western San Diego County. Prepared for SANDAG, version 12.31.2016.

Based on their isolated localities within the Property (Figure 13), highly invasive nature and the ability to propagate quickly, and the high feasibility for control, three species have been deemed “target species” for which a concerted effort should be made to monitor and control or eradicate from the Property.

 Tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima)

 Artichoke thistle (Cynara cardunculus)

 Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)

Artichoke thistle was observed in one location in the northern portion of the Property, with an infestation totaling less than 0.003 acre (Figure 13). Black locust was observed in two locations along the primary channel of Santa Ysabel Creek in the eastern portion of the Property, totaling 0.13 acre. Tree of heaven was scattered throughout the main stem of Santa Ysabel Creek in the eastern portion of the Property, totaling 0.14 acre. These three target species are discussed further in Chapter 5, Conclusions and Management and Monitoring Recommendations.

It should be noted that Table 7 details the presence of one Cal‐IPC high‐rated invasive plant (red brome). This species is not targeted for removal/control because it is naturalized and unlikely to be controlled.

4.3 Wildlife In total, 68 wildlife species were detected during focused surveys, general surveys, and avian point counts (Appendix C). Eight of these species are considered special‐status species by either the federal, state, or local governments. The potential occurrence of special‐status wildlife species not detected during the surveys is provided in Appendix D.

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Property Boundary

Invasive Plants

(! Artichoke Thistle (Cynara cardunculus)

(! Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)

(! Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima)

Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)

Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima)

0 800 1,600 Source: Imagery-SanGIS, 2012. Fe1e "t = 800 ' $

Detail Inset 9 4 5 5 3

7 1 0 2 / 9 2 / 3 d x m . s e v i s a v n I \ R B B \ o i B \ s d x m \ r o t c e n n o C _ a z z u a C _ l e b a s Y _ a t n a S _ 6 1 _ 2 4 0 0 0 \ c e R _ & _ s k r a P _ y t n u o C \ s t c e j o r p \ o g e i D n a S \ : K Figure 13 Invasive Plant Species Baseline Biodiversity Report Santa Ysabel Cauzza Connector Parcel County of San Diego Department of Parks and Recreation Chapter 4. Results and Discussion

Herpetofauna Two amphibian species and two reptile species were observed during active surveys (Appendix C). None of the four species observed are considered special‐status species by federal, state, or local agencies.

4.3.1.1 Amphibians During the 2016 arroyo toad surveys at the Property, two amphibian species were observed (Table 8, Appendix C). No arroyo toads were observed during the 2016 surveys.

Table 8. Amphibian Species Observed during 2016 Surveys

Scientific Name Common Name Survey Type Anaxyrus boreas Western toad Active survey Pseudacris hypochondriaca Baja California tree frog Active survey

The most common native species identified was Baja California treefrog (Pseudacris hypochondriaca). Baja California treefrog adults and juveniles were detected throughout the wetted portion of Santa Ysabel creek during all three surveys. A single western toad (Anaxyrus boreas) was observed in a dry creek bed just north of the wetted stream reach within the boundaries of the property during the May survey. A photograph of the western toad is included in Appendix E (photo 6).

Although there was flowing and pooled surface water in the stream channel, there was no high quality breeding habitat for arroyo toads present during the 2016 season. Arroyo toads breed in braided stream channels of sandy creeks and rivers. The larvae forage on algae and require exposed slow moving pools. The adults utilize unconsolidated sandy soils in the 10‐year flood bank for foraging and refugia habitat. Although sandy unconsolidated soils and 10‐year flood banks were present, there was a thick riparian canopy covering the majority of surface waters. In addition, flood banks and soils were almost entirely covered with exotic grasses. Thick vegetation of the variety found in the survey areas may exclude arroyo toads from occupying riparian habitats (USFWS 2014).

Reptiles

During the 2016 arroyo toad surveys and general surveys at the Property, two reptile species were observed (Table 9, Appendix C).

Table 9. Reptile Species Observed during 2013 Surveys

Federal and Local State Special Government Scientific Name Common Name Status Special Status Survey Type Sceloporus occidentalis Western fence lizard ‐‐ ‐‐ Active survey Uta stansburiana Side‐blotched lizard ‐‐ ‐‐ Active survey

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County of San Diego Department of Parks and Recreation Chapter 4. Results and Discussion

Birds Avian species richness (i.e., total species detected) was found to be moderate to high at the Property. In total, 58 bird species were detected, with 51 detected during the point counts and 7 detected during other fieldwork (Table 10). These included year‐round residents, breeding species that migrate to the Neotropics, and some species that are strictly migratory through the Property.

The Property supports a mixture of avifaunal species that are typically associated with the habitat types found on site. These include American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos), Brewer’s blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus), lark sparrow (Chondestes grammacus), house finch (Haemorhous mexicanus), western bluebird (Sialia mexicana), ash‐throated flycatcher (Myiarchus cinerascens), Bullock’s oriole (Icterus bullockii), California thrasher (Toxostoma redivivum), common raven (Corvus corax), house wren (Troglodytes aedon), northern flicker (Colaptes auratus), Nuttall’s woodpecker (Picoides nuttallii), western kingbird (Tyrannus verticalis), western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta), wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), and mourning dove (Zenaida macroura).

The Property also provides ample foraging and breeding/nesting habitat for a high diversity of raptors. Eight raptor species were observed or detected during the various surveys: turkey vulture (Cathartes aura), white‐tailed kite (Elanus leucurus), Cooper’s hawk (Accipiter cooperii), burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia) red‐tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), red‐shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus), barn owl (Tyto alba), and American kestrel (Falco sparverius). The oak trees on the Property provide suitable habitat for the aforementioned hawk and owl species.

No federal‐ or state‐listed endangered or threatened bird species were detected during the surveys. One California fully protected species, white‐tailed kite, was observed. This species was observed foraging near avian point count stations 3 and 4 (Figure 14). There were five San Diego County Group I species and three San Diego Group II species observed. San Diego County Group I species include Cooper’s hawk, burrowing owl, red‐shouldered hawk, turkey vulture, and white‐tailed kite; San Diego County Group II species include yellow warbler, western bluebird, and barn owl (Table 10, Figure 14).

Three nonnative or invasive species were detected during the surveys: wild turkey, brown‐headed cowbird (Molothrus aster), and European starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Wild turkeys were observed at point count stations 3 and 5. European starlings were observed at point count stations 1 and 3. This species can out‐compete cavity‐nesting species such as western bluebirds; however, as native cavity‐nesting species are still prevalent, presence of European starling does not appear to be significantly impacting the native avian populations. Brown‐headed cowbirds, an obligate brood parasite, were observed at point count stations 1, 3, and 5. The presence of female cowbirds or fledglings may be indicative of active brood parasitism; however, neither was observed. If brood parasitism is in fact occurring on the Property, it may be in low numbers.

4.3.2.1 Point Counts As detailed in Section 3.3.2, Birds, 10‐minute avian point counts were conducted at five stations (Figure 10) monthly from May through August 2016.

The most frequently observed or detected bird species, in decreasing number of observations, were American crow (69 observations), Brewer’s blackbird (49 observations), western bluebird (40 observations), lark sparrow (33 observations), and house finch (30 observations). All other species

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Property Boundary !( Cooper's Hawk (Accipiter Cooperii)

#* Ground Squirrel Burrows !( Red-Shouldered Hawk (Buteo lineatus) Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) !( Avian Point Count !( !( Western Bluebird (Sialia mexicana) Birds !( White-Tailed Kite (Elanus caeruleus) !( Barn Owl (Tyto alba) !( Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia) !( Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia)

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7 1 0 2 / 7 2 / 3 d x m . e f i l d l i W \ R B B \ o i B \ s d x m \ r o t c e n n o C _ a z z u a C _ l e b a s Y _ a t n a S _ 6 1 _ 2 4 0 0 0 \ c e R _ & _ s k r a P _ y t n u o C \ s t c e j o r p \ o g e i D n a S \ : K Figure 14 Special Status Wildlife Species Baseline Biodiversity Report Santa Ysabel Cauzza Connector Parcel County of San Diego Department of Parks and Recreation Chapter 4. Results and Discussion

had less than 30 observations during the course of the point counts. Table 10 provides a comprehensive list of the avian species detected or observed.

Table 10. Avian Species Observed and/or Detected at the Property in 2016

Federal and State Local Special Government Scientific Name Common Name Status1 Special Status1 Survey Type2 Accipiter cooperii Cooper's hawk ‐‐ SDC Group I PC Anas platyrhynchos Mallard ‐‐ ‐‐ OS Aphelocoma californica Western scrub‐jay ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Athene cunicularia Burrowing owl CSC SDC Group I OS Baeolophus inornatus Oak titmouse ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Buteo jamaicensis Red‐tailed hawk ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Buteo lineatus Red‐shouldered hawk ‐‐ SDC Group I PC Calypte anna Anna's hummingbird ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Calypte costae Costa's hummingbird ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Carduelis lawrencei Lawrence's goldfinch ‐‐ ‐‐ OS Carduelis psaltria Lesser goldfinch ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Carduelis tristis American goldfinch ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Cathartes aura Turkey vulture ‐‐ SDC Group I OS Charadrius vociferus Killdeer ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Chondestes grammacus Lark sparrow ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Colaptes auratus Northern flicker ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Contopus sordidulus Western wood‐pewee ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Corvus brachyrhynchos American crow ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Corvus corax Common raven ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Cyanocitta stelleri Steller's jay ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Elanus leucurus White‐tailed kite CFP SDC Group I PC Empidonax difficilis Pacific‐slope flycatcher ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Eremophila alpestris Horned lark ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Euphagus PC cyanocephalus Brewer's blackbird ‐‐ ‐‐ Falco sparverius American kestrel ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Geococcyx californianus Greater roadrunner ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Haemorhous mexicanus House finch ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Icterus bullockii Bullock’s oriole ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Melanerpes PC formicivorus Acorn woodpecker ‐‐ ‐‐ *Meleagris gallopavo Wild turkey ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Melospiza melodia Song sparrow ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Melozone crissalis California towhee ‐‐ ‐‐ PC *Molothrus ater Brown‐headed cowbird ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Myiarchus cinerascens Ash‐throated flycatcher ‐‐ ‐‐ PC

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Federal and State Local Special Government Scientific Name Common Name Status1 Special Status1 Survey Type2 Passerculus sandwichensis Savannah sparrow ‐‐ ‐‐ OS Passerina amoena Lazuli bunting ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Passerina caerulea Blue grosbeak ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Petrochelidon PC pyrrhonota Cliff swallow ‐‐ ‐‐ Phainopepla nitens Phainopepla ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Picoides nuttallii Nuttall's woodpecker ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Pipilo maculatus Spotted towhee ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Psaltriparus minimus Bushtit ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Sayornis nigricans Black phoebe ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Sayornis saya Say's phoebe ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Setophaga coronata Yellow‐rumped warbler ‐‐ ‐‐ OS Setophaga petechia Yellow warbler CSC SDC Group II PC Sialia mexicana Western bluebird ‐‐ SDC Group II PC Sturnella neglecta Western meadowlark ‐‐ ‐‐ PC *Sturnus vulgaris European starling ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Tachycineta bicolor Tree swallow ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Toxostoma redivivum California thrasher ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Troglodytes aedon House wren ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Turdus migratorius American robin ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Tyrannus verticalis Western kingbird ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Tyrannus vociferans Cassin's kingbird ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Tyto alba Barn owl ‐‐ SDC Group II OS Vireo huttoni Hutton's vireo ‐‐ ‐‐ PC Zenaida macroura Mourning dove ‐‐ ‐‐ PC * = Nonnative or Invasive species. 1 Special Status: CFP= California Fully Protected Species, SDC Group= San Diego County Sensitive Animal. 2 Survey Type: PC = detected during point count, N = Nocturnal, OS = Observed during other fieldwork.

Tables 11 and 12 provide the monthly count of individuals and species (respectively) observed/detected at each station during the avian point counts. Station 1 shows the highest number of observations (103). Station 1 is in an area of open grassland, which may allow for greater visibility. Station 2 had the highest diversity of species (36) but the lowest number of observations (82). Station 2 is located immediately adjacent to an area of southern arroyo willow riparian forest, which may provide habitat for a greater number of species. Station 4 had the lowest species diversity (23). Station 4 is surrounded by open grassland and does not have a wide variety of diversity in vegetation types in the nearby vicinity.

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Table 11.Number of Individuals Observed or Detected During the Avian Point Counts1

Point Count Stations Total # of Mean # of Month 1 2 3 4 5 Individuals Individuals May 19 24 28 40 11 122 24.4 June 32 16 23 43 16 130 26 July 29 20 19 11 36 115 23 August 23 22 20 6 11 82 16.4 Total # of Individuals 103 82 90 100 74 449 ‐‐ Mean # of Individuals 25.8 20.5 22.5 25 18.5 ‐‐ 22.5 1 See Section 3.3.2, Birds, regarding the exclusion of individuals recorded as “fly‐bys.”

Table 12. Number of Species Observed or Detected During the Avian Point Counts1

Point Count Stations Total # of Mean # of Month 1 2 3 4 5 Species Species May 13 16 18 14 9 37 14 June 12 12 16 11 10 35 12.2 July 11 15 10 9 9 31 10.8 August 12 12 12 3 9 25 9.6 Total # of 28 36 33 23 24 56 ‐‐ Species Mean # of ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ 11.7 Species 1 Birds not identified to species were excluded from the calculation. “Fly‐by” species were included in the calculations.

4.3.2.2 Burrowing Owl Surveys Several dozen ground squirrel burrows, which are potentially suitable for burrowing owl, were mapped within the property (Figure 14). One burrowing owl individual was observed near its burrow in the central portion of the Property (Figure 14). Mammals Six mammal species were detected and/or observed during the general pedestrian surveys and small mammal trapping (Appendix C).

4.3.3.1 Small Mammal Trapping The small mammal trapping effort yielded 59 captures (12 of which were recaptures). Four small mammal species were captured (Table 13): deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), western harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys megalotis), house mouse (Mus musculus), and California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi). Stephen’s kangaroo rat (Dipodomys stephensi) has not been observed on

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the larger Santa Ysabel Preserve property (Hathaway et al. 2004) and was not expected to occur during the small mammal trapping effort on the Property in 2016. The closest population of Stephen’s kangaroo rat is approximately 8 miles north of the Property in the grasslands near Lake Henshaw of southern Warner Springs (Spencer 2002).The grassland on the Property is potentially suitable habitat, but may be too far and isolated from the closest existing populations.

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Table 13. Trapline Capture Summary

Federal Local Sample Area1 and State Government Special Special Scientific Name Common Name Status Status G1 T1 G2 T2 T3 T4 G3 G4 Total Mus musculus Field mouse N/A N/A 1♀ 1♀

Peromyscus Deer mouse N/A N/A 2♂ 5♂ (1) 1♂ 1♂ 18♂ (3) 1♂ 28♂ (4) maniculatus 6♀ (2) 5♀ (2) 1♀ 6♀ (1) 2♀ 20♀ (5) Reithrodontomys Western Harvest N/A 4♂(2) 4♂ (2) megalotis mouse N/A 3♀ (1) 3♀ (1) 1 ESC 1 ESC Spermophilus California ground N/A N/A 2 ESC 2 ESC beecheyi squirrel Total 8 (2) 12 (3) 9 (4) 1 1 25 (4) 3 59 (12) 1 See Figure 10. Legend:

♂ = male, ♀ = female, ESC = escaped prior to determination of sex. (#) = number of animals recaptured

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Special‐Status Wildlife Species Detected or Observed Eight special‐status wildlife species were detected or observed during the 2016 surveys at the Property (Figure 14), all of which were special‐status bird species: Cooper’s hawk, burrowing owl, red‐shouldered hawk, turkey vulture, white‐tailed kite, yellow warbler, western bluebird, and barn owl. No special‐status herptile or mammal species were detected. See Figure 14 for locations of special‐status species detected or observed during surveys of the Property.

4.3.4.1 Birds

Cooper’s Hawk (Accipiter cooperii)

San Diego County Group I The Cooper’s hawk is a resident of riparian deciduous habitats and oak woodlands, but in recent times has become adapted to urban park environments (Unitt 2004). They hunt their primary source of food, passerines, in broken woodlands and forest margins, and they are also known to take fish and mammals. The Cooper’s hawk population declined due to hunting and loss of habitat; however, this species is making a comeback through its adaptation to the urban environment (Unitt 2004). This species is widespread throughout the County. Cooper’s hawk was detected at point count station 5 during 2016 surveys.

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia)

State Species of Special Concern, San Diego County Group I Burrowing owls are found in prairies, grasslands, lowland scrub, agricultural lands, coastal dunes, desert floors, and some artificial open areas (Unitt 2004). This species requires large open expanses of sparsely vegetated areas on gently rolling or level terrain with an abundance of active small mammal burrows. The burrowing owl uses rodent or other burrows for roosting and nesting cover and also is known to use pipes, culverts, and nest boxes where burrows are scarce. As with other grassland species, the burrowing owl population in San Diego County is on the decline due to loss of habitat to development and habitat fragmentation (Unitt 2004). This species was observed near its burrow in the central portion of the Property.

Red‐shouldered Hawk (Buteo lineatus)

San Diego County Group I The red‐shouldered hawk was once an uncommon breeder of lowland riparian woodlands, but has been thriving in urban environments with large trees such as eucalyptus (Unitt 2004). On the west coast, this species is found in California and northern Baja California and is common throughout San Diego County. Red‐shouldered hawk was observed at point count stations 2 and 5.

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Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura)

San Diego County Group I Turkey vultures are often seen foraging over woodlands and nearby open country (Unitt 2004). They prefer dry, open country and ranch lands and often occur along roadsides where carrion is common. They nest in crevices among granite boulders (Unitt 2004). The turkey vultures’ range has been retracting from the coast due to human disturbance, loss of foraging habitat, and pesticide contamination (Unitt 2004). Turkey vultures were observed foraging over the Property during the 2016 surveys; however, there is no suitable breeding habitat for this species on the Property.

White‐Tailed Kite (Elanus caeruleus)

California Fully Protected Species (nesting), San Diego County Group I The white‐tailed kite is found in lower elevations in open grasslands, agricultural areas, wetlands, and oak woodlands. Their primary source of food is the California vole (Microtus californicus sanctidiegi) (Unitt 2004). It typically forages in open, undisturbed habitats and nests in the top of dense oaks, willows, or other large trees (Unitt 2004). The white‐tailed kite population is on the decline mostly due to urban sprawl; however, this species is still considered fairly widespread throughout the foothills of San Diego County (Unitt 2004). White‐tailed kite was observed at point count stations 3 and 4.

Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia)

State Species of Special Concern, San Diego County Group II The yellow warbler inhabits lowland and foothill mature riparian woodlands (Unitt 2004). Preferred plant species for nesting and foraging include cottonwoods (Populous spp.), willows (Salix spp.), and other small trees and shrubs typically found in open‐canopy riparian woodlands. Yellow warblers are usually on their breeding grounds from late March to mid‐October. Destruction and degradation of riparian habitat and brood parasitism by the brown‐headed cowbird led to the decline of this species (Unitt 2004); however, cowbird trapping has resulted in an increase in the San Diego County population of yellow warblers (Unitt 2004). Yellow warbler was observed at point count stations 1 and 2.

Western Bluebird (Sialia mexicana)

San Diego County Group II The western bluebird is considered common in the foothills and mountains of San Diego County. This species can usually be found in montane coniferous and oak woodlands (Unitt 2004). It can also occur in areas with scattered trees, open forests, and scrubs, and during the winter it can be found in the desert. Western bluebirds breed in western North America from southern British Columbia south to central Mexico, east to western Montana, and west to Texas, but are absent from the Great Basin (Guinan et al. 2000). They can also winter outside their breeding range in central California and along the lower Colorado River (Guinan et al. 2000). Western bluebird numbers are declining due to loss of nesting cavities to logging, fire suppression, and competition with nonnative species such as European starling and house sparrow (Passer domesticus) (Unitt 2004). This species is still

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fairly common in San Diego County (Unitt 2004). Western bluebirds were observed at all five point count stations.

Barn Owl (Tyto alba)

San Diego County Group II The barn owl is the owl species that is most tolerant of urban development (Unitt 2004). It will nest in buildings, in nest boxes, at the base of the leaves in palm trees, and in cavities in native trees (Unitt 2004). Even though this species is tolerant of human development, dense housing communities do not provide suitable nesting habitat, and increased traffic has had a negative effect on the species (Unitt 2004). Potential nesting habitat within the Property includes cavities in coast live oaks and cottonwoods. Barn owl was observed in the riparian woodland within the Property. Invasive Wildlife Species Native species are often at a disadvantage after exotic species or nonnative predators are introduced. Nonnative animal species have few natural predators or other ecological controls on their population sizes, and they thrive under conditions created by humans. These species may aggressively out‐compete native species or otherwise harm special‐status species. When top predators are absent, intermediate predators multiply and increase predation on native bird species and their nests. Feral and domestic animals, particularly cats, can also prey on small native wildlife species.

Feral animals are not a current problem at the Property.

Five nonnative or invasive animal species were documented during the 2016 survey efforts: domestic cattle, wild turkey, brown‐headed cowbird, house mouse, and European starling.

The most commonly encountered invasive species was European starling, which can out‐compete cavity‐nesting species, such as western bluebirds. However, because western bluebirds were abundant and frequently observed on the Property (see Section 4.3.2.1, Point Counts) it does not appear that European starlings are displacing bluebirds.

4.4 Wildlife Movement Wildlife movement corridors are areas that connect suitable habitat in a region otherwise fragmented by rugged terrain, changes in vegetation, or human disturbance. Natural features such as canyon drainages, ridgelines, or areas with vegetative cover provide corridors for wildlife movement. Wildlife movement corridors are important because they provide access to mates, food, and water; allow the dispersal of individuals away from high population density areas; and facilitate the exchange of genetic traits between populations.

The Property is located between the Santa Ysabel Open Space Preserve West and East. The Preserve provides open space habitat for wildlife and connects to other areas of large open space, including the Cleveland National Forest and Anza Borrego Desert State Park. These large core areas support the persistence and dispersal of medium and large mammals, including mountain lion (Felis concolor), coyote (Canis latrans), southern mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), bobcat (Lynx rufus), and badger (Taxidea taxus).

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Mountain lions are a widely ranging species that utilize large territories. The Preserve provides large amounts of refuge habitat for this species and is connected to open space to the north, east, south, and west allowing for movement and dispersal.

Acquisition of the Property is intended to facilitate wildlife movement between the Preserve West and East. Santa Ysabel Creek flows from the Preserve East, underneath SR 79, through the Property, and onto Preserve West. The protective riparian canopy and open water/woodland areas of the creek likely provide the preferred movement corridor for several of the aforementioned medium and large wildlife species. Other species may prefer the open grasslands for movement through the Property.

There is a low potential for vehicle strikes to occur as wildlife crosses SR 79. Nevertheless SR 79 does not act as a significant barrier to wildlife movement because traffic is not particularly heavy, there are only two lanes of traffic, and vehicle speeds are reduced as they approach/move through the SR 78/SR 79 intersection in Santa Ysabel.

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Chapter 5 Conclusions and Management and Monitoring Recommendations

The Property is located in the draft East County MSCP plan area, for which there are no finalized management or monitoring protocols for specific resources. To that end, the following management and monitoring recommendations were developed for the habitat types and various taxonomic groups documented within the Property, recognizing that these recommendations may be updated once the East County MSCP is finalized.

5.1 Vegetation Communities/Habitats As previously discussed, the Property contains three vegetation associations/alliances—montane meadow, nonnative grassland, and southern arroyo willow riparian forest—and one unvegetated cover type—urban/developed. In order to assess the overall biological integrity of the Property, it is recommended that the County maintain an updated vegetation community map. The map could be used as a tool for adaptive management within the Property. Updates could occur once every 5 years or within the first growing season following an unforeseen disturbance (i.e., fire, flood, or human‐ made disturbance). The purpose of the ongoing mapping effort would be to document changes in the vegetation communities within the Property that could affect quality and usage by wildlife. Vegetation monitoring for habitat value could also focus on identifying adverse changes and their effects on the vegetation over time. This includes dramatic changes, such as fire, and slower but equally important effects, such as invasion by nonnative species or slow decline of existing native species.

The most extensive vegetation communities on the Property are nonnative grassland and riparian forest; both function as nesting and foraging habitat for avian species. Said avian behaviors within the riparian forest are vulnerable to disturbance from alteration by invasive plants and from increased numbers of invasive bird species with increased human activity in the surrounding areas. The latter is likely to lead to increased numbers of starlings, American crows, and western scrub‐ jays (Aphelocoma californica); all of which are aggressive nest predators that can cause high nest mortality rates among other native birds. Maintaining a high level of habitat quality subsequently supports onsite populations of native avian species. Thus, it will be important to ensure the continued viability of the riparian forest by evaluating the health of this community periodically to ensure recruitment and lack of disease in the riparian trees, including oak trees. Potentially lethal causes of disease in trees on the Property include the golden spotted oak borer, polyphagous shot hole borer, and the Kuroshio shot hole borer.

5.2 Plants During baseline surveys in 2016, 94 plant species were detected: 59 native and 35 nonnative species. One special‐status plant species, San Diego gumplant (CRPR 1B.2), was observed in the eastern portion of the Property. Periodic botanical surveys (floristic inventories and rare plant

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Chapter 5. Conclusions and Management County of San Diego Department of Parks and Recreation and Monitoring Recommendations

surveys consistent with the most current SDMMP recommendations) are recommended to track species diversity, monitor for Cal‐IPC and SDMMP priority invasive plants, and monitor the population of San Diego gumplant. Such surveys would ideally occur during years of average or above‐average rainfall in order to maximize detection. Invasive Plants Table 7 details the Cal‐IPC and SDMMP priority invasive plants that were observed on the Property during the current survey effort. Most of the plants are not currently occupying the Property in a manner that would be detrimental to the conserved habitats on site. The following invasive nonnative plant species have been identified as target species for eradication.

 Tree of heaven

 Artichoke thistle

 Black locust

Removal and control methods for the three target species include the following measures.

 Prioritize removal based on a species’ biology, the immediate need of a specific area, and locations that could increase habitat available for covered species.

 Avoid removal activities during the reproductive seasons of special‐status species and reduce impacts on special‐status species or native habitats.

 Use an integrated pest management approach (i.e., use the least biologically intrusive control methods, at the most appropriate period of the growth cycle to achieve the desired goals).

 Consider both mechanical and chemical methods of control. Only herbicides compatible with biological goals should be used. Only licensed pest control advisers are permitted to make specific pest control recommendations.

 Properly dispose of all exotic plant materials that are removed from preserve lands (e.g., in offsite facilities).

 Revegetate exotic weed removal areas with species appropriate to biological goals, as appropriate.

 Identify where active revegetation (as opposed to passive recruitment) will be necessary.

5.3 Wildlife As documented previously, 68 wildlife species were detected during baseline surveys of the Property: 2 amphibian species, 2 reptile species, 58 bird species, and 6 mammal species. Herpetofauna The diversity and species richness of reptiles and amphibians on the Property is relatively low. Two amphibian species and two reptile species were documented on the Property. Recommendations for habitat improvements for reptiles and amphibian species could include fencing to exclude cattle from riparian areas during amphibian breeding season (include dates) and leaving downed wood on site that would not impact Preserve trails. More extensive monitoring surveys could be conducted

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Chapter 5. Conclusions and Management County of San Diego Department of Parks and Recreation and Monitoring Recommendations

every five years, such as, pitfall and transect sampling to detect previously undocumented species on the property and determine population trends of the observed species. Surveys should be designed to detect species/population trends. These monitoring and management recommendations will be updated once the East County Plan is finalized. Birds Avian diversity and species richness on the Property was moderately high. A total of 58 bird species were documented on the Property. Future avian monitoring surveys (quantitative and qualitative) conducted during the fall, winter, and early spring would likely add species detections (i.e., migrants and winter visitors) to the list presented herein and would more completely characterize the bird assemblage using the Property in all seasons. Monitoring could also include studies to determine if the nonnative bird species are competing with native species, as described in Section 5.3.4, Invasive Wildlife.

Quantitative monitoring includes continuation of monthly avian point count surveys. If monthly surveys are not feasible, point counts can be conducted at less frequent intervals (e.g., every other month), or periodically (e.g., every other year), as long as the accumulated data can be used to identify trends in the bird populations at the Property.

Qualitative monitoring can range from simple efforts, such as compiling a bird checklist for the Property and recording new or interesting observations, to more complex efforts, such as allowing intensive research to occur on the Property (e.g., breeding success of cavity‐nesting birds).

It is important to recognize that the avifauna of the Property will naturally change over time due to regional effects (e.g., fire, increased isolation of the Property from surrounding development, increased human usage), climate change, and natural turnover. Without ongoing monitoring, there is potential for the Property to be managed for resources that are no longer present, or in a way that conflicts with the resources present but undetected. Mammals The diversity and species richness of mammals on the Property is relatively low. Six mammal species were documented on the Property, with four small mammal species being captured during the small mammal trapping surveys. Future monitoring survey efforts for small mammals should be conducted every five years and include multiple techniques. The use of trapping stations containing pitfall traps and small and large size box traps is recommended to more fully capture species diversity.

No specific surveys for medium and large mammals were conducted. A variety of surveying techniques, including baited scent stations, camera stations, track stations, hair snares, spotlight surveys, etc., may be necessary to detect the entire suite of medium and large mammals using the Property.

The Property is surrounded by a large amount of open space, and has the potential to serve as an important corridor for wildlife movement. Maintaining/improving movement connections across SR 79 will be an important consideration over time, especially if traffic volumes increase. The existing undercrossing of Santa Ysabel Creek may be improved to allow for increased wildlife movement.

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Chapter 5. Conclusions and Management County of San Diego Department of Parks and Recreation and Monitoring Recommendations

Invasive Wildlife Various nonnative avifauna species were identified in the Property including wild turkeys, brown‐ headed cowbird, and European starling. A bird census and nest monitoring study is recommended to determine if the nonnative species are competing with native species are recommended. If detrimental effects of these species are detected within the Property, preparation and implementation of a trapping and removal program, or other means of humane control, should be initiated.

5.4 Wildlife Movement The primary function of wildlife corridors is to provide ample movement opportunities between core biological areas. In some cases, wildlife corridors may also serve as habitat for various life history requirements (e.g., foraging, reproduction, growth). Potential species for corridor use include large and medium sized mammals such as mountain lion, coyote, southern mule deer, bobcat, and badger.

As the Property is part of a larger area of conserved open space, there are no defined habitat linkages present on site; however, there are preferred wildlife movement areas, such as the riparian corridor associated with Santa Ysabel Creek, where monitoring efforts can be focused to determine wildlife use. Monitoring efforts may include general surveys to identify track and scat as well as motion‐detector cameras and tracking stations.

Currently there is potential for wildlife to cross under SR 79 along Santa Ysabel Creek; however, this crossing is fenced with barbed wire to restrict cattle movement and may possibly restrict some wildlife movement. If SR 79 is improved by the California Department of Transportation, then DPR may suggest the installation of wildlife crossings or trail either under or over SR 79 as part of the project design. These crossings would facilitate wildlife movement across SR 79.

5.5 Additional Management Recommendations Public Access Public access is not currently allowed in the Property. Passive recreational activities (e.g., hiking, biking, bird watching, equestrian use) are being considered.

Because mammals are quite sensitive to the presence of humans and human associated animals, use of the Property should be controlled to minimize such impacts. “Stay on Trail” signs should be posted along the trail or barriers including fencing or rocks could be placed on the edges of the trail to keep recreational users on the trail. Public access to the drainages outside of designated crossings should be avoided. Fencing Fencing plays an important role in the use of the landscape by humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. Fencing can control human access, particularly by off‐highway vehicles. Fencing can direct wildlife to road undercrossings and prevent road kills. However, fencing can also have an impact on

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Chapter 5. Conclusions and Management County of San Diego Department of Parks and Recreation and Monitoring Recommendations

cultural resources, restrict normal wildlife movement, restrict access to food and water, and guide wildlife onto roads. Currently, fencing is located around the perimeter of the Property, which is being used for cattle grazing. Riparian areas could be fenced to exclude cattle. Trails and Access Roads Passive recreational use of the Property should be consistent with the protection and enhancement of biological resources. Passive recreational facilities should be managed to promote the maintenance of habitat value surrounding these facilities and reduce impacts on the conserved resources. Preventing off‐trail use through fencing and signage, by both humans and their pets and horses, should be a high priority. Signage and Education Signs educate, provide direction, and promote the sensitive use and enjoyment of natural areas, but they can also inadvertently invite vandalism and other destructive behavior. Signs that explain the rules of the Preserve (e.g., firearms use, protection of archaeological resources) are most effective at staging areas and trail heads. Signs should inform park users to stay on trails to avoid potentially impacting vegetation and wildlife. It should also be clear to park users that animal collecting is prohibited. Educational signs along potential future multi‐use trails should be posted at appropriate locations. Although not observed during 2016 surveys, rattlesnakes may occur within the Property. Signs should be posted to alert park users of rattlesnake presence, recommending avoidance and providing information on what to do in case of a bite.

Signage does not currently exist on the Property as the Property is currently not open to the public. Litter/Trash Removal Management of the Property should include implementation of a litter and trash removal program. The purpose of this program would be to ensure that contaminants do not negatively affect the conserved resources within the Property. Illegal Off‐Road Activity Off‐road activities can result in a significant detrimental effect on the conserved resources within the Property by reducing air quality, causing soil erosion and sedimentation into local waters, creating noise pollution, and causing habitat degradation. Disturbance from off‐road vehicles can also disrupt breeding activities. For these reasons, off‐road vehicle use is not compatible in Preserve areas. The perimeter fences and gates surrounding the Property should be maintained to prevent illegal access. Emergency and Safety Issues Safety measures will be implemented within the Property as needed. Although the Property is not open to the public currently, these measures may include installing safety signs and identifying emergency evacuation procedures, such as emergency vehicular access areas.

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Chapter 6 References

AECOM, California Department of Fish and Game Classification and Mapping Program and Conservation Biology Institute (2011). Vegetation Classification Manual for Western San Diego County. Prepared for the San Diego Association of Governments. February. American Ornithologists’ Union. 1998 and supplements. Checklist of North American Birds, 7th edition. American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C. Baker, R. J., L. C. Bradley, R. D. Bradley, J. W. Dragoo, M. D. Engstrom, R. S. Hoffmann, C. A. Jones, F. Reid, D. W. Rice, and C. Jones. 2003. Revised Checklist of North American Mammals North of Mexico. Lubbock, TX: Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University, Number 229. Baldwin, B. G., D. H. Goldman, D. J. Keil, R. Patterson, and T. J. Rosatti. 2012. The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of California, 2nd edition. University of California Press, CA California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW). 2016. California Natural Diversity Data Base (CNDDB) RareFind 5 Report. California Invasive Plant Council (Cal‐IPC). 2016. Invasive Plant Inventory Database. Available: http://cal‐ipc.org/paf. California Native Plant Society (CNPS). 2016. Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants of California, 8th edition). Online Edition. Available: http://cnps.web.aplus.net/cgibin/inv/inventory.cgi. Accessed: March 4, 2016. Center for North American Herpetology. 2013. Home page. Available: http://www.cnah.org.

County of San Diego 2008. Santa Ysabel Open Space Preserve Revised Resource Management Plan. June. Department of Parks and Recreation. ———. 2010a. Report Format and Content Requirements. Biological Resources. Land Use and Environment Group, Departments of Planning and Land Use, and Public Works. Fourth revision, September 15, 2010. ———. 2010b. Guidelines for Determining Significance and Report Format and Content Requirements. Biological Resources. Land Use and Environment Group, Departments of Planning and Land Use, and Public Works. Fourth revision, September 15, 2010. Guinan, J. A., P. A. Gowaty, and E. K. Eltzroth. 2000. Western Bluebird (Sialia mexicana). In The Birds of North America, No. 510 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.

Hathaway, S., R. Fisher, C. Rochester, C. Haas, M. Mendelsohn, G. Turschak, D. Stokes, M. Madden‐ Smith, E. Ervin, K. Pease, and C. Brown. 2004. Baseline Biodiversity Survey for the Santa Ysabel Ranch Open Space Preserve. USGS Technical Report. Prepared for The Nature Conservancy and San Diego County Department of Parks and Recreation. Holland, R. F. 1986. Preliminary Descriptions of the Terrestrial Natural Communities of California. State of California Department of Fish and Game, Non‐game Heritage Program, Sacramento.

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County of San Diego Department of Parks and Recreation Chapter 6. References

Hutto, R. L., and J. S. Young. 2002. Regional Landbird Monitoring: Perspectives from the Northern Rocky Mountains. Wildlife Society Bulletin 30:738–750. Jennings, M. R., and M. P. Hayes. 1994. Amphibian and Reptile Species of Special Concern in California. Final report submitted to California Department of Fish and Game, Inland Fisheries Division, Rancho Cordova, California, under Contract 8023. Moran, V. S. 2004. Rare Plant and Vegetation Surveys 2002 and 2003. Santa Ysabel Open Space Preserve. Unpublished report. Prepared for The Nature Conservancy, San Diego Field Office. Nussbaum, R. A., E. D. Brodie, Jr., and R. M. Storm. 1983. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Pacific Northwest. University Press of Idaho. 332pp. Oberbauer, T., M. Kelly, and J. Buegge. 2008. Draft vegetation communities of San Diego County. Based on Preliminary descriptions of the terrestrial natural communities of California, R.F. Holland, Ph.D., October 1986. Ralph, C. J., J. R. Sauer, and S. Droege (technical editors). 1995. Monitoring Bird Populations by Point Counts. General Technical Report PSW‐GTR‐149. Albany, CA: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Dept. Agriculture. Rathburn, G. B., M. R. Jennings, T. G. Murphey, and N. R. Siepel. 1993. Status and Ecology of Sensitive Aquatic Vertebrates in Lower San Simeon and Pico Creeks, San Luis Obisbo County, California. Unpublished report, National Ecology Research Center, Piedras Blancas Research Station, San Simeon, California, under Cooperative Agreement (14‐16‐0009‐91‐1909). Rebman, J. P., and M. G. Simpson. 2014. Checklist of the Vascular Plants of San Diego County, 5th edition. San Diego, CA: San Diego Natural History Museum and San Diego State University. San Diego County Flood Control District. 2007. Home page. Available: http://www.sdcfcd.org. San Diego Management and Monitoring Program (SDMMP). 2016. Management Strategic Plan for Conserved Lands in Western San Diego County. Prepared for San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG), version 12.31.2016. SanGIS. 2008. Fire_Burn_History GIS dataset. Information drawn from CDF‐FRAP. October 2. Sawyer, J. O., T. Keeler‐Wolf, and J. M. Evens. 2009. A Manual of California Vegetation, 2nd edition. California Native Plant Society, Sacramento. 1300 pp. Spencer, W. D. 2002. Stephens’ Kangaroo Rat Survey and Management Recommendations for the Santa Ysabel Open Space Reserve San Diego County, California. Prepared for The Nature Conservancy.

Unitt, P. 2004. San Diego County Bird Atlas. Proceedings of the San Diego Society of Natural History 39: i–vii, 1–639. U.S. Department of Agriculture. 1973. Soil Survey, San Diego Area, California. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service [now Natural Resources Conservation Service] and Forest Service.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 1999. Survey Protocol for the Arroyo Toad. Ventura, California, 1999.

———. 2014. Arroyo Toad (Anaxyrus californicus) Species Report. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Ventura, California.

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Appendix A Vascular Plant Species Observed

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Appendix A. Vascular Plant Species Observed

Santa Ysabel Local Cauzza Open Space Federal and Government Connector Preserve East State Special Special SDMMP Priority 1 2 3 3 4 5 Scientific Name Common Name Property and West Status Status CAL-IPC Rank Invasive Species Adoxaceae - Muskroot family

Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea Blue elderberry X X

Agavaceae - Century Plant family

Chlorogalum parviflorum Smallflower soap plant X

Hesperoyucca whipplei Chaparral yucca X

Amaranthaceae - Amaranth family

*Amaranthus albus Tumbleweed X

Amaranthus blitoides Procumbent amaranth X

Amaranthus californicus California amaranth X

Anacardiaceae - Sumac Or Cashew family

Malosma laurina Laurel sumac X

Rhus aromatica Skunk bush X X

Rhus ovata Sugar bush X

Toxicodendron diversilobum Western poison oak X X

Apiaceae - Carrot family

*Apium graveolens Celery X Apiastrum angustifolium Mock parsley X X

*Foeniculum vulgare Fennel X High Very High

Daucus pusillus Rattlesnake weed X X

Lomatium dasycarpum Woolly fruit lomatium X

Lomatium lucidum Shiny lomatium X

Oenanthe sarmentosa Water parsely X

Osmorhiza brachypoda California sweet-cicely X

Sanicula arguta Sharptooth sanicle X X

Sanicula bipinnatifida Purple sanicle X X

Apocynaceae - Dogbane family

Asclepias californica California milkweed X

Asclepias fascicularis Narrow-leaf milkweed X

Appendix A, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel A‐1

Appendix A. Vascular Plant Species Observed

Santa Ysabel Local Cauzza Open Space Federal and Government Connector Preserve East State Special Special SDMMP Priority 1 2 3 3 4 5 Scientific Name Common Name Property and West Status Status CAL-IPC Rank Invasive Species Araceae - Arum family

Lemna minuta Least duckweed X

Asteraceae - Sunflower family Achillea millefolium Common yarrow X Acourtia microcephala Sacapellote X Agoseris heterophylla Annual agoseris X Agoseris retrorsa Spearleaf agoseris X Ambrosia psilostachya Western ragweed X X Artemisia californica California sagebrush X Artemisia douglasiana Douglass' sagebrush X Artemisia dracunculus Tarragon sagebrush X Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. Silver sagebrush X ludoviciana Artemisia palmeri San Diego sagewort X CRPR 4.2 San Diego County Group D Baccharis salicifolia ssp. salicifolia Mule fat X X Baccharis sarothroides Broom baccharis X Brickellia atractyloides Spearleaf brickellbush X Chaenactis glabriuscula var. Yellow pincushion X glabriuscula *Centaurea benedicta Blessed starthistle X

*Centaurea melitensis Tocalote X X Moderate

*Centaurea solstitialis Yellow starthistle X High High

*Cirsium vulgare Bull thistle X X Moderate Cirsium occidentale Cobwebby thistle X Cirsium scariosum Bird's nest thistle X Corethrogyne filaginifolia Common sand aster X X

*Cotula coronopifolia Brass-buttons X Limited

*Cynara cardunculus Artichoke thistle X Moderate Very High Deinandra fasciculata Fascicled tarplant X X

Appendix A, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel A‐2

Appendix A. Vascular Plant Species Observed

Santa Ysabel Local Cauzza Open Space Federal and Government Connector Preserve East State Special Special SDMMP Priority Scientific Name Common Name Property1 and West2 Status3 Status3 CAL-IPC Rank4 Invasive Species5 Ericameria brachylepis Boundary goldenbush X Ericameria linearifolia Interior goldenbush X Ericameria sp. Goldenbush X Erigeron canadensis Horseweed X Erigeron foliosus var. foliosus Leafy daisy X Eriophyllum confertiflorum var. Golden woolly sunflower X confertiflorum Euthamia occidentalis Western goldenrod X Grindelia hallii San Diego gumplant X X CRPR 1B.2 San Diego County Group A Gutierrezia sarothrae Matchweed X Gutierrezia sp. Snakeweed X Hazardia squarrosa var. grindelioides Southern saw toothed X goldenbush Helianthus gracilentus Slender sunflower X Heterotheca grandiflora Telegraph weed X X Heterotheca sessiliflora Sessileflower goldenaster X

*Hedypnois cretica Crete weed X X

*Helminthotheca echioides Bristly ox-tongue X Limited Hymenothrix wrightii Wright's hymenothrix X CRPR 4.3 San Diego County Group D *Hypochaeris glabra Smooth cat's-ear X X Limited

*Hypochaeris radicata Rough cat's-ear X Moderate

*Lactuca serriola Prickly lettuce X

*Logfia gallica French cottonrose X

*Sonchus asper ssp. asper Prickly sow thistle X

*Sonchus oleraceus Common sow thistle X X

*Taraxacum officinale Common dandelion X X

*Tragopogon dubius Yellow salsify X

Isocoma menziesii Coastal goldenbush X

Appendix A, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel A‐3

Appendix A. Vascular Plant Species Observed

Santa Ysabel Local Cauzza Open Space Federal and Government Connector Preserve East State Special Special SDMMP Priority 1 2 3 3 4 5 Scientific Name Common Name Property and West Status Status CAL-IPC Rank Invasive Species Lasthenia californica ssp. californica California goldfields X

Logfia arizonica Arizona cottonrose X

Logfia depressa Dented cottonrose X

Logfia filaginoides California cottonrose X

Madia elegans Common madia X

Madia gracilis Slender madia X

Malacothrix californica California desert dandelion X

Micropus californicus California cottonseed X

Osmadenia tenella Osmadenia X

Pseudognaphalium beneolens Fragrant Everlansting X

Pseudognaphalium sp. Everlasting X

Rafinesquia californica California chicory X

Solidago velutina ssp. californica California goldenrod X

Stephanomeria exigua ssp. deanei Deane's wire-lettuce X

Stylocline gnaphaloides Everlasting neststraw X

Symphyotrichum defoliatum San Bernardino aster X CRPR 1B.2

Uropappus lindleyi Silver puffs X

Wyethia ovata Southern mule's ears X X

Xanthium strumarium Cocklebur X

Berberidaceae - Barberry family

Berberis aquifolium var. dictyota Algal Dull Leaf barberry X

Betulaceae - Birch family

Alnus rhombifolia White alder X

Bignoniaceae - Bignonia family

*Catalpa bignonioides Southern catalpa X

Blechnaceae - Deer Fern family

Woodwardia fimbriata Giant chain fern X

Boraginaceae - Borage family

Appendix A, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel A‐4

Appendix A. Vascular Plant Species Observed

Santa Ysabel Local Cauzza Open Space Federal and Government Connector Preserve East State Special Special SDMMP Priority 1 2 3 3 4 5 Scientific Name Common Name Property and West Status Status CAL-IPC Rank Invasive Species Amsinckia intermedia Common fiddleneck X X

Cryptantha affinis Side-Grooved cryptantha X

Cryptantha intermedia Clearwater cryptantha X

Cryptantha micrantha Redroot cryptantha X

Cryptantha muricata Pointed cryptantha X

Cryptantha sp. Cryptantha X

Eriodictyon crassifolium var. Thickleaf yerba santa X crassifolium Eriodictyon trichocalyx var. lanatum San Diego yerba santa X

Eucrypta chrysanthemifolia var. Spotted hideseed X chrysanthemifolia Nemophila menziesii Menzie's baby blue eyes X

Pectocarya penicillata Northern pectocarya X

Pectocarya sp. Pectocarya X

Phacelia cicutaria var. hispida Hairy caterpillar phacelia X

Phacelia distans Wild heliotrope phacelia X

Phacelia parryi Parry's phacelia X

Phacelia ramosissima Branching phacelia X

Phacelia sp. Phacelia X

Plagiobothrys bracteatus Bracted popcornflower X

Plagiobothrys nothofulvus Rusty popcornflower X X

Plagiobothrys sp. Popcornflower X

Brassicaceae - Mustard family

*Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd's purse X

*Hirschfeldia incana Shortpod mustard X X Moderate

*Raphanus sativus Radish X Limited

*Sisymbrium altissimum Tumble mustard X

*Sisymbrium irio London rocket X Moderate

*Sisymbrium officinale Hedge mustard X

Barbarea orthoceras American yellowrocket X X

Appendix A, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel A‐5

Appendix A. Vascular Plant Species Observed

Santa Ysabel Local Cauzza Open Space Federal and Government Connector Preserve East State Special Special SDMMP Priority 1 2 3 3 4 5 Scientific Name Common Name Property and West Status Status CAL-IPC Rank Invasive Species Boechera californica California rockcress X

Boechera pulchra Beautiful rockcress X

Cardamine californica Milk maids, tooth wort X

Caulanthus heterophyllus San Diego jewelflower X

Caulanthus lasiophyllus Woolly leaf jewelflower X

Erysimum capitatum Western wallflower X

Lepidium lasiocarpum ssp. Shaggy fruit pepper-grass X lasiocarpum Lepidium nitidum Shining pepper-grass X X

Nasturtium officinale Medicinal water cress X

Thysanocarpus curvipes Curvy fringepod X

Turritis glabra Tower rockcress X

Cactaceae - Cactus family

Opuntia basilaris var. basilaris Beavertail cactus X

Opuntia phaeacantha Brown spined prickly pear X

Opuntia xvaseyi Mesa prickly-pear X

Caprifoliaceae - Honeysuckle family

Lonicera subspicata var. denudata Johnston's honeysuckle X

Symphoricarpos mollis Creeping snowberry X

Caryophyllaceae - Pink family

*Cerastium fontanum ssp. vulgare Common mouse-ear X chickweed *Cerastium glomeratum Sticky mouse-ear X X chickweed *Silene gallica Windmill catchfly X

*Spergula arvensis Starwort X

*Stellaria media Common chickweed X

Silene laciniata Cardinal catchfly X

Stellaria nitens Shining chickweed X

Chenopodiaceae - Goosefoot family

*Salsola tragus Prickly russian thistle X X

Appendix A, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel A‐6

Appendix A. Vascular Plant Species Observed

Santa Ysabel Local Cauzza Open Space Federal and Government Connector Preserve East State Special Special SDMMP Priority 1 2 3 3 4 5 Scientific Name Common Name Property and West Status Status CAL-IPC Rank Invasive Species Chenopodium californicum California goosefoot X

Cistaceae - Rock-rose family

Crocanthemum aldersonii Alderson's rush-rose X

Convolvulaceae - Morning-glory family

Calystegia macrostegia Coast morning-glory X

Cuscuta sp. Dodder X

Cornaceae - Dogwood family

Cornus sericea ssp. occidentalis Western dogwood X

Crassulaceae - Stonecrop family

Crassula connata Pygmyweed X

Dudleya edulis Ladies fingers X

Dudleya lanceolata Lance-leaved dudleya X

Cucurbitaceae - Gourd family

Cucurbita palmata Coyote melon X

Marah macrocarpa Large fruit wild cucumber X X

Cupressaceae - Cypress family

Calocedrus decurrens Incense cedar X

Cyperaceae - Sedge family

Carex fracta Fragile-Leaf Sedge X

Carex multicaulis Stick sedge X

Carex praegracilis Slender sedge X X

Carex subfusca Pale broomsedge X

Cyperus sp. Flatsedge X

Cyperus squarrosus Bearded flatsedge X

Eleocharis acicularis Needle spikerush X

Schoenoplectus americanus American bulrush X

Scirpus microcarpus Small fruit bulrush X

Datiscaceae - Datisca family

Appendix A, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel A‐7

Appendix A. Vascular Plant Species Observed

Santa Ysabel Local Cauzza Open Space Federal and Government Connector Preserve East State Special Special SDMMP Priority 1 2 3 3 4 5 Scientific Name Common Name Property and West Status Status CAL-IPC Rank Invasive Species Datisca glomerata Durango root X

Dennstaedtiaceae - Bracken family

Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Hairy brackenfern X

Dryopteridaceae - Wood Fern family

Dryopteris arguta Coastal woodfern X

Polystichum imbricans ssp. imbricans Narrowleaf sword fern X

Equisetaceae - Horsetail family

Equisetum arvense Common horsetail X

Equisetum hyemale ssp. affine Winter horsetail X

Ericaceae - Heath family

Arctostaphylos glandulosa ssp. Adams' glandular X adamsii manzanita Arctostaphylos glauca Bigberry manzanita X

Arctostaphylos pungens Pointleaf manzanita X

Rhododendron occidentale California azalea X

Euphorbiaceae - Spurge family

Croton setigerus Doveweed X

Euphorbia albomarginata White margin spurge X

Fabaceae - Legume family

Acmispon americanus var. Spanish-Clover X X americanus Acmispon argophyllus var. Silver lotus X argophyllus Acmispon glaber Deerweed X

Acmispon micranthus San Diego lotus X

Acmispon strigosus Strigose lotus X

Astragalus oocarpus San Diego milkvetch X CRPR 1B.2 San Diego County Group A Hosackia crassifolia var. crassifolia Buck bird's-foot trefoil X

Lathyrus vestitus Canyon sweet pea X

Lupinus bicolor Miniature lupine X X

Appendix A, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel A‐8

Appendix A. Vascular Plant Species Observed

Santa Ysabel Local Cauzza Open Space Federal and Government Connector Preserve East State Special Special SDMMP Priority 1 2 3 3 4 5 Scientific Name Common Name Property and West Status Status CAL-IPC Rank Invasive Species Lupinus concinnus Bajada lupine X

Lupinus excubitus var. Mountain grape soda X austromontanus lupine Lupinus hirsutissimus Stinging lupine X

Lupinus latifolius var. parishii Parish's Stream Lupine X

Lupinus longifolius Long leaf lupine X

Lupinus sp. Lupine X

Lupinus sparsiflorus Coulter's lupine X *Medicago lupulina Black burclover X *Medicago polymorpha California burclover X X Limited *Melilotus albus White sweetclover X *Melilotus indicus Indian sweetclover X X *Melilotus officinalis Yellow sweetclover X *Robinia pseudoacacia Black locust X X Limited

Rupertia rigida Parish's rupertia X CRPR 4.3 San Diego County Group D Thermopsis californica var. semota Velvety false lupine X CRPR 1B.2 San Diego County Group A Trifolium albopurpureum Rancheria clover X

Trifolium ciliolatum Foothill clover X

Trifolium depauperatum var. Pale dwarf sack clover X amplectens Trifolium microcephalum Small head clover X

Trifolium obtusiflorum Clammy clover X *Trifolium pratense Red clover X *Trifolium repens White clover X

Trifolium variegatum Whitetip clover X

Trifolium willdenovii Tomcat clover X X

Trifolium wormskioldii Cow clover X

Vicia americana ssp. americana American vetch X

Appendix A, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel A‐9

Appendix A. Vascular Plant Species Observed

Santa Ysabel Local Cauzza Open Space Federal and Government Connector Preserve East State Special Special SDMMP Priority Scientific Name Common Name Property1 and West2 Status3 Status3 CAL-IPC Rank4 Invasive Species5 *Vicia benghalensis Purple vetch X

Fagaceae - Oak family

Quercus agrifolia var. agrifolia Coast live oak X

Quercus agrifolia var. oxyadenia Interior coast live oak X X

Quercus berberidifolia Scrub oak X

Quercus chrysolepis Canyon live oak X

Quercus engelmannii Engelmann oak X CRPR 4.2 San Diego County Group D Quercus kelloggii California black oak X

Frankeniaceae - Frankenia family

Frankenia salina Alkali heath X

Garryaceae - Silk Tassel family

Garrya flavescens Ashy silktassel X

Garrya veatchii Canyon silktassel X

Gentianaceae - Gentian family

Frasera parryi Coahuila green-gentain X

Zeltnera venusta California centaury X

Geraniaceae - Geranium family

*Erodium botrys Longbeak filaree X

*Erodium cicutarium Redstem filaree X X Limited

*Erodium moschatum Whitestem filaree X

Geranium carolinianum Carolina geranium X

Grossulariaceae - Gooseberry family

Ribes amarum Bitter gooseberry X CRPR 3

Ribes indecorum White flowering currant X

Ribes nevadense Mountain pink currant X

Ribes quercetorum Oak gooseberry X

Iridaceae - Iris family

Appendix A, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel A‐10

Appendix A. Vascular Plant Species Observed

Santa Ysabel Local Cauzza Open Space Federal and Government Connector Preserve East State Special Special SDMMP Priority 1 2 3 3 4 5 Scientific Name Common Name Property and West Status Status CAL-IPC Rank Invasive Species Sisyrinchium bellum Lovely blue-eyed-grass X

Juglandaceae - Walnut family

Juglans californica Southern California black X CRPR 4.2 San Diego walnut County Group D Juncaceae - Rush family

Juncus effusus ssp. pacificus Pacific soft rush X

Juncus macrophyllus Long leaf rush X

Juncus mexicanus Mexican rush X X

Juncus oxymeris Pointed rush X

Juncus phaeocephalus var. Panicled brownhead rush X paniculatus Juncus rugulosus Wrinkled rush X

Juncus sp. Rush X

Juncus tiehmii Tiehm's rush X

Luzula comosa Pacific woodrush X

Juncaginaceae - Arrow-grass family Triglochin scilloides Squill arrow-grass X

Lamiaceae - Mint family

*Lamium amplexicaule Henbit X

*Marrubium vulgare Horehound X X Limited

*Mentha pulegium Pennyroyal X Moderate

Monardella breweri ssp. lanceolata Brewer's slender leaf X monardella Monardella nana Yellow monardella X

Salvia apiana White sage X X

Salvia columbariae Chia X

Stachys ajugoides Bugle hedgenettle X

Trichostema lanatum Woolly blue curls X X

Trichostema parishii Parish's bluecurls X

Liliaceae - Lily family

Appendix A, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel A‐11

Appendix A. Vascular Plant Species Observed

Santa Ysabel Local Cauzza Open Space Federal and Government Connector Preserve East State Special Special SDMMP Priority 1 2 3 3 4 5 Scientific Name Common Name Property and West Status Status CAL-IPC Rank Invasive Species Calochortus concolor Goldenbowl mariposa lily X

Calochortus splendens Splendid mariposa lily X

Calochortus weedii var. weedii Weed's mariposa lily X

Linaceae - Flax family

Linum lewisii var. lewisii Lewis' flax X

Malvaceae - Mallow family

*Malva parviflora Cheeseweed X X

Malacothamnus fasciculatus Chaparral bush-mallow X

Sidalcea sparsifolia Southern checkerbloom X X

Sphaeralcea ambigua Apricot mallow X

Montiaceae - Purslane family

Calandrinia menziesii Red maids X X

Calyptridium monandrum Common pussypaws X

Claytonia parviflora ssp. parviflora Small flowered miner's- X lettuce Claytonia perfoliata ssp. perfoliata Round leaf miner's lettuce X

Myrsinaceae - Myrsine family

*Anagallis arvensis Scarlet pimpernel X

Nyctaginaceae - Four O'clock family Mirabilis laevis var. crassifolia Coastal wishbone plant X

Oleaceae - Olive family

Fraxinus velutina Velvet ash X

Onagraceae - Evening Primrose family Camissoniopsis bistorta California sun cup X

Camissoniopsis confusa San Bernardino suncup X

Camissoniopsis hirtella Hairy suncup X

Camissoniopsis ignota Glowing suncup X X

Camissoniopsis micrantha Miniature suncup X

Clarkia purpurea ssp. quadrivulnera Four spot purple clarkia X

Appendix A, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel A‐12

Appendix A. Vascular Plant Species Observed

Santa Ysabel Local Cauzza Open Space Federal and Government Connector Preserve East State Special Special SDMMP Priority 1 2 3 3 4 5 Scientific Name Common Name Property and West Status Status CAL-IPC Rank Invasive Species Clarkia rhomboidea Diamond clarkia X

Epilobium brachycarpum Tall annual willowherb X

Epilobium canum ssp. latifolium Wideleaf California fuchsia X

Epilobium ciliatum ssp. ciliatum Fringed willowherb X

Epilobium ciliatum ssp. glandulosum Glandular fringed X willowherb Epilobium densiflorum Denseflower willowherb X

Eremothera boothii ssp. condensata Dense evening-primrose X

Oenothera elata ssp. hookeri Hooker's evening primrose X

Orchidaceae - Orchid family

Corallorhiza maculata Spotted coralroot X

Orobanchaceae - Broom-rape family Castilleja applegatei ssp. martinii Martin's indian paintbrush X

Castilleja exserta ssp. exserta Purple owl's clover X

Cordylanthus rigidus ssp. setigerus Stiffbranch bird's-beak X

Orobanche fasciculata Clustered broom-rape X

Paeoniaceae - Peony family

Paeonia californica California peony X

Papaveraceae - Poppy family

Eschscholzia californica California poppy X

Papaver californicum Fire poppy X

Platystemon californicus Cream cups X

Phrymaceae - Lopseed family

Mimulus aurantiacus Bush monkeyflower X

Mimulus brevipes Widethroat yellow X monkeyflower Mimulus cardinalis Scarlet monkeyflower X

Mimulus guttatus Seep monkeyflower X

Mimulus palmeri Palomar monkeyflower X CRPR 4.3 San Diego County Group D

Appendix A, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel A‐13

Appendix A. Vascular Plant Species Observed

Santa Ysabel Local Cauzza Open Space Federal and Government Connector Preserve East State Special Special SDMMP Priority 1 2 3 3 4 5 Scientific Name Common Name Property and West Status Status CAL-IPC Rank Invasive Species Mimulus pilosus Downy Monkey Flower X

Pinaceae - Pine family

Pinus coulteri Coulter pine X

Pseudotsuga macrocarpa Bigcone douglas-fir X

Plantaginaceae - Plantain family

*Veronica anagallis-aquatica Water speedwell X

Antirrhinum coulterianum Coulter's snapdragon X

Collinsia childii Child's blue eyed mary X

Collinsia heterophylla Purple chinese houses X

Collinsia parviflora Blue eyed mary X

Keckiella antirrhinoides var. Yellow snapdragon bush X antirrhinoides penstemon Keckiella ternata var. ternata Scarlet bush penstemon X

Penstemon centranthifolius Scarlet bugler X

Penstemon spectabilis var. Showy beardtongue X spectabilis Plantago patagonica Woolly plantain X

Veronica peregrina ssp. xalapensis Purslane speedwell X

Platanaceae - Plane Tree, Sycamore family Platanus racemosa Western sycamore X X

Poaceae - Grass family

*Aira caryophyllea Silver hair grass X

*Avena barbata Slender wild oat X

*Avena fatua Wild oat X Moderate

*Briza minor Small quaking grass X

*Bromus diandrus Ripgut brome X X Moderate

*Bromus hordeaceus Soft brome X X

*Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens Red brome X X High

*Bromus tectorum Cheat grass X

*Cynodon dactylon Bermuda grass X X Moderate

Appendix A, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel A‐14

Appendix A. Vascular Plant Species Observed

Santa Ysabel Local Cauzza Open Space Federal and Government Connector Preserve East State Special Special SDMMP Priority 1 2 3 3 4 5 Scientific Name Common Name Property and West Status Status CAL-IPC Rank Invasive Species *Cynosurus echinatus Bristly dogtail grass X

*Festuca myuros Rattail fescue X X Moderate

*Festuca perennis Rye grass X

*Festuca temulenta Darnel fescue X

*Gastridium phleoides Nit grass X

*Hordeum murinum Wall barley X X Moderate

*Lamarckia aurea Goldentop grass X X

*Paspalum dilatatum Dallis grass X

*Phalaris minor Little-seeded canary grass X

*Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis Kentucky blue grass X

*Polypogon interruptus Ditch beard grass X

*Polypogon monspeliensis Rabbit foot beard grass X X Limited

*Polypogon viridis Water beard grass X

*Schismus barbatus Mediterranean schismus X X Limited

Aristida purpurea var. longiseta Red three-awn X

Bromus berteroanus Chilean brome X

Bromus carinatus var. carinatus California brome X

Bromus grandis Tall brome X

Distichlis spicata Salt grass X

Elymus condensatus Giant wildrye X

Elymus elymoides Squirreltail wildrye X

Elymus glaucus Western wildrye X

Elymus glaucus ssp. glaucus Western wildrye X

Elymus multisetus Big wildrye X

Elymus trachycaulus ssp. Slender wildrye X trachycaulus Festuca octoflora Eight flowered fescue X

Hordeum brachyantherum ssp. California barley X californicum Koeleria macrantha Large flower june grass X

Appendix A, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel A‐15

Appendix A. Vascular Plant Species Observed

Santa Ysabel Local Cauzza Open Space Federal and Government Connector Preserve East State Special Special SDMMP Priority 1 2 3 3 4 5 Scientific Name Common Name Property and West Status Status CAL-IPC Rank Invasive Species Melica frutescens Woody onion grass X

Melica imperfecta Coast range onion grass X

Poa secunda ssp. secunda One-sided blue grass X

Stipa cernua Nodding needle grass X

Stipa coronata Crested needle grass X

Stipa pulchra Purple needle grass X

Stipa sp. Needle grass X

Stipa speciosa Desert needle grass X

Polemoniaceae - Phlox family

Saltugilia caruifolia Caraway-leaved woodland- X CRPR 4.3 San Diego gilia County Group D Polygonaceae - Buckwheat family

*Polygonum aviculare ssp. Dented oval leaf knotweed X depressum *Rumex acetosella Sheep dock X

*Rumex crispus Curly dock X

*Rumex pulcher Fiddle dock X

Chorizanthe fimbriata var. laciniata Laciniate spineflower X

Chorizanthe polygonoides var. Long-spined spineflower X CRPR 1B.2 San Diego longispina County Group A Chorizanthe procumbens Prostrate spineflower X

Chorizanthe staticoides Statice spineflower X

Eriogonum elongatum var. Longstem buckwheat X elongatum Eriogonum fasciculatum California buckwheat X

Eriogonum fasciculatum var. California buckwheat X fasciculatum Eriogonum fasciculatum var. Leafy California buckwheat X foliolosum Eriogonum fasciculatum var. Mojave desert California X polifolium buckwheat Eriogonum gracile Slender woolly buckwheat X

Appendix A, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel A‐16

Appendix A. Vascular Plant Species Observed

Santa Ysabel Local Cauzza Open Space Federal and Government Connector Preserve East State Special Special SDMMP Priority 1 2 3 3 4 5 Scientific Name Common Name Property and West Status Status CAL-IPC Rank Invasive Species Eriogonum roseum Wand buckwheat X

Eriogonum wrightii var. Ringstem Wright's X membranaceum buckwheat Lastarriaea coriacea Leather-spineflower X

Persicaria lapathifolia Willow smartweed X

Polygonum ramosissimum Bushy knotweed X

Pterostegia drymarioides Granny's hairnet X

Polypodiaceae - Polypody family

Polypodium californicum California polypody X

Potamogetonaceae - Pondweed family Potamogeton sp. Pondweed X

Pteridaceae - Brake family

Adiantum jordanii California maidenhair X

Aspidotis californica California lace fern X

Cheilanthes sp. Lipfern X

Pellaea andromedifolia Coffee cliff-break X

Pentagramma triangularis ssp. Goldback fern X triangularis Ranunculaceae - Buttercup family

Clematis lasiantha Chaparral virgin's bower X

Delphinium cardinale Scarlet larkspur X

Delphinium parryi ssp. parryi Parry's larkspur X

Delphinium patens ssp. patens Spreading larkspur X

Ranunculus aquatilis Water Buttercup X

Ranunculus californicus California buttercup X

Ranunculus cymbalaria Alkali buttercup X

Thalictrum fendleri Fendler's meadow-rue X

Rhamnaceae - Buckthorn family

Ceanothus leucodermis Whitebark ceanothus X

Ceanothus oliganthus var. oliganthus Hairy ceanothus X

Appendix A, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel A‐17

Appendix A. Vascular Plant Species Observed

Santa Ysabel Local Cauzza Open Space Federal and Government Connector Preserve East State Special Special SDMMP Priority 1 2 3 3 4 5 Scientific Name Common Name Property and West Status Status CAL-IPC Rank Invasive Species Ceanothus perplexans Desert ceanothus X

Frangula californica ssp. crassifolia Hairyleaf California coffeeberry Rhamnus crocea Spiny redberry X

Rhamnus ilicifolia Hollyleaf redberry X

Rosaceae - Rose family

*Rubus laciniatus Cutleaf blackberry X X

Adenostoma fasciculatum Chamise X

Amelanchier utahensis Utah service-berry X

Cercocarpus betuloides Birchleaf mountain X mahogany Drymocallis glandulosa var. Sticky woodbeauty X glandulosa Fragaria vesca Wood strawberry X

Heteromeles arbutifolia Toyon X

Prunus ilicifolia ssp. ilicifolia Holly leaf cherry X

Prunus virginiana var. demissa Western choke cherry X

Rosa californica California rose X X

Rubus ursinus California blackberry X

Rubiaceae - Madder family

Galium andrewsii ssp. andrewsii Phlox-leaved bedstraw X

Galium angustifolium ssp. Narrow leaved bedstraw X angustifolium Galium aparine Common bedstraw X X

Galium nuttallii ssp. nuttallii Nuttall's bedstraw X

Salicaceae - Willow family

Populus fremontii ssp. fremontii Fremont cottonwood X X

Salix exigua Sand bar willow X

Salix gooddingii Goodding's black willow X X

Salix laevigata Red willow X X

Salix lasiandra Shining Willow X

Appendix A, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel A‐18

Appendix A. Vascular Plant Species Observed

Santa Ysabel Local Cauzza Open Space Federal and Government Connector Preserve East State Special Special SDMMP Priority 1 2 3 3 4 5 Scientific Name Common Name Property and West Status Status CAL-IPC Rank Invasive Species Salix lasiolepis Arroyo willow X X

Saururaceae - Lizard's-tail family

Anemopsis californica Yerba mansa X X

Saxifragaceae - Saxifrage family

Lithophragma affine San francisco woodland- X star Lithophragma heterophyllum Hillside woodland-star X

Scrophulariaceae - Figwort family

*Verbascum sp. Mullein X

Limosella acaulis Owyhee mudwort X

Scrophularia californica California figwort X X

Selaginellaceae - Spike-moss family Selaginella bigelovii Bushy spike-moss X

Simaroubaceae - Simarouba family

*Ailanthus altissima Tree of heaven X X Moderate

Solanaceae - Nightshade family

*Solanum elaeagnifolium Silverleaf nightshade X

Datura wrightii Wright's jimsonweed X

Solanum parishii Parish's nightshade X

Tamaricaceae - Tamarisk family

Tamarix sp. Tamarix X

Themidaceae - Brodiaea family

Bloomeria crocea Common goldenstar X

Brodiaea terrestris ssp. kernensis Kern brodiaea X

Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. Blue dicks X X capitatum Muilla maritima Common muilla X

Typhaceae - Cattail family

Typha domingensis Southern cattail X

Urticaceae - Nettle family

Appendix A, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel A‐19

Appendix A. Vascular Plant Species Observed

Santa Ysabel Local Cauzza Open Space Federal and Government Connector Preserve East State Special Special SDMMP Priority 1 2 3 3 4 5 Scientific Name Common Name Property and West Status Status CAL-IPC Rank Invasive Species Urtica dioica Stinging nettle X

Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea Hoary stinging nettle X

Verbenaceae - Vervain family

Verbena lasiostachys var. Western vervain X lasiostachys Violaceae - Violet family

Viola douglasii Douglas' violet X

Viola pedunculata Johnny-jump-up X X

Viola purpurea Purple violet X

Viscaceae - Mistletoe family

Phoradendron leucarpum ssp. Large leaf mistletoe X macrophyllum Woodsiaceae - Cliff Fern family

Cystopteris fragilis Brittle bladderfern X

LEGEND: *=Non-native or invasive species 1Species detected by ICF within the Cauzza Property during 2016 surveys 2Species detected by Ecological Outreach Services within the Santa Ysabel Open Space Preserve East and West during 2002 and 2003 surveys 3Special Status Federal: FE = Endangered FT = Threatened State: SE = Endangered ST =Threatened SR = Rare CRPR – California Rare Plant Rank 1A. Presumed extinct in California 1B. Rare or Endangered in California and elsewhere 2. Rare or Endangered in California, more common elsewhere 3. Plants for which we need more information - Review list 4. Plants of limited distribution - Watch list Threat Ranks .1 - Seriously endangered in California .2 – Fairly endangered in California .3 – Not very endangered in California San Diego County Group (SDC Group) A – Rare, threatened or endangered in California and elsewhere B – Rare, threatened or endangered in California but more common elsewhere

Appendix A, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel A‐20

Appendix A. Vascular Plant Species Observed

Santa Ysabel Local Cauzza Open Space Federal and Government Connector Preserve East State Special Special SDMMP Priority Scientific Name Common Name Property1 and West2 Status3 Status3 CAL-IPC Rank4 Invasive Species5 C – Maybe quite rare, but more information is needed to determine their status D – Limited distribution and are uncommon but not presently rare or endangered 4CAL-IPC = Inventory database available at: http://cal-ipc.org/paf/ 5SDMMP = Priority invasive species as outlined in the SDMMP Management strategic plan for conserved lands in western San Diego County. Prepared for San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG), version 12.31.2016.

Appendix A, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel A‐21

Appendix B Potentially Occurring Special‐Status Plant Species

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Appendix B. Potentially Occuring Special-Status Plant Species

Common Name Sensitivity Verified Potential (Scientific Name) Status Habitat On-Site to Occur Rationale Chaparral sand-verbena CRPR 1B.1 Annual herb. Sandy soils in chaparral, coastal No Not Appropriate sandy habitat is not (Abronia villosa var. aurita) SD County List A scrub, and desert dunes; 75-1600 m (246-5248 ft). Expected present within the Study Area. Blooming period: January - September

San Diego thorn-mint FT/SE Annual herb. Prefers friable or broken clay soils in No Not Suitable soils are not present (Acanthomintha ilicifolia) CRPR 1B.1 grassy openings in chaparral and coastal sage Expected within the Study Area. SD County List A scrub, valley and foothill grassland, and vernal ECMSCP pools; 10-960 m (33-3150 ft). Blooming period: April - June

Singlewhorl burrobush CRPR 2B.2 Perennial shrub. Washes, dry riverbeds; 55-155 m No Not Appropriate wash habitat is not (178-508 ft). Blooming period: April - June Expected present within the Study Area. (Ambrosia monogyra)

San Diego ambrosia FE Rhizomatous herb. Sandy loam or clay soils in No Low Potentially suitable habitat for this CRPR 1B.1 chaparral, coastal sage scrub, valley and foothill species is heavily impacted by (Ambrosia pumila) SD County List A grassland, vernal pools; often in disturbed areas cattle grazing and nonnative or sometimes alkaline areas. Can occur in creek grasses and forbs. beds, seasonally dry drainages, and floodplains; 20-415 m (66-1362 ft). Blooming period: April - October Otay manzanita CRPR 1B.2 Evergreen shrub. Chaparral or cismontane No Not Appropriate soils are not present (Arctostaphylos otayensis) SD County List A woodlands on volcanic rock outcrops; 275-1700 m Expected within the Study Area. ECMSCP (902-5576 ft). Blooming period: January - April

San Diego sagewort CRPR 4.2 Deciduous shrub. Sandy soils in mesic areas in No Not Appropriate mesic habitat is not SD County List D chaparral, coastal scrub, riparian forest, riparian Expected present within the Study Area. (Artemisia palmeri) scrub, riparian woodland; 15-915 m (49-3002 ft). Blooming period: February - September

Dean's milk-vetch CRPR 1B.1 Perennial herb. Open shrubby slopes, coastal No Low Potentially suitable habitat for this SD County List A sage scrub, chaparral, cismontane woodland, species is heavily impacted by (Astragalus deanei) ECMSCP riparian forest, and sandy washes; 75-695 m (246- cattle grazing and nonnative 2279 ft). Blooming period: February - May grasses and forbs.

Jacumba milk-vetch CRPR 1B.2 Perennial herb. Rocky areas in chaparral, No Not Project is out of the known range (Astragalus douglasii var. SD County List A cismontane woodland, pinyon and juniper Expected of the species. woodland, riparian scrub, and valley and foothill perstrictus) grassland; 900-1370m (2953-4493 ft). Blooming period: April - June

Appendix B, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel B‐1

Appendix B. Potentially Occuring Special-Status Plant Species

Common Name Sensitivity Verified Potential (Scientific Name) Status Habitat On-Site to Occur Rationale San Diego milk-vetch CRPR 1B.2 Perennial herb. Openings in chaparral and No Low Potentially suitable habitat for this (Astragalus oocarpus) SD County List A cismontane woodland, at the periphery of species is heavily impacted by ECMSCP meadows; 305-1524m (1000-4999 ft). Blooming cattle grazing and nonnative period: May - August grasses and forbs. California ayenia CRPR 2B.3 Perennial herb. Rocky areas in Mojavean desert No Not Project is out of the known range (Ayenia compacta) SD County List B scrub and Sonoran desert scrub, sometimes along Expected of the species. desert arroyos; 150-1095 m (492-3593 ft). Blooming period: March - April

Nevin's barberry FE/SE Evergreen shrub. Sandy or gravelly soils in No Not Appropriate soils and microhabitat CRPR 1B.1 chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal scrub, Expected are not present within the Study (Berberis nevinii) SD County List A and riparian scrub; 274-825 m (898-2707 ft). Area. Blooming period: March - June

San Diego goldenstar CRPR 1B.1 Perennial bulbiferous herb. Clay soils in chaparral, No Not Suitable clay soils are not present SD County List A coastal sage scrub, valley grasslands, particularly Expected within the Study Area. (Bloomeria clevelandii) near mima mound topography or the vicinity of vernal pools; 50 - 465 m (164-1526 ft). Blooming period : April - May Johnston's rockcress CRPR 1B.2 Perennial herb. Often on eroded clay in chaparral No Not Appropriate soils and microhabitat (Boechera johnstonii) SD County List A and lower montane coniferous forest, also on Expected are not present within the Study pebble plain on the periphery of lakes; 1350-2150 Area. m (4428-7052 ft). Blooming period: February - June Orcutt's brodiaea CRPR 1B.1 Bulbiferous herb. Found on mesic, clay, No Not Appropriate soils are not present SD County List A sometimes serpentinite soils in closed-cone Expected within the Study Area. (Brodiaea orcuttii) ECMSCP coniferous forest, chaparral, cismontane woodland, meadows and seeps, valley and foothill grassland, and vernal pools ; 30-1692 m (98-5550 ft). Blooming period: May - July

Round-leaved filaree CRPR 1B.1 Annual herb. Clay soils in cismontane woodland No Not Appropriate soils are not present SD County List B and valley and foothill grassland; 15-1200 m (50- Expected within the Study Area. (California macrophylla) 3936 ft). Blooming period: March - May

Dunn's mariposa-lily SR Perennial bulbiferous herb. Gabbroic or No Not Appropriate soils for this species CRPR 1B.2 metavolcanic soils, or rocky openings in chaparral Expected do not occur within the Study Area. (Calochortus dunnii) SD County List A or grassland/chaparral ecotone, also in closed- ECMSCP cone coniferous forest; 185-1830 m (606-6002 ft). Blooming period: February - June

Appendix B, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel B‐2

Appendix B. Potentially Occuring Special-Status Plant Species

Common Name Sensitivity Verified Potential (Scientific Name) Status Habitat On-Site to Occur Rationale Payson's jewel-flower CRPR 4.2 Annual herb. Sandy and granitic soils in chaparral No Low Potentially suitable habitat for this (Caulanthus simulans) SD County List D and coastal scrub; 90-2200 m (295-7218 ft). species is heavily impacted by ECMSCP Blooming period: February - June cattle grazing and nonnative grasses and forbs.

Lakeside ceanothus CRPR 1B.2 Evergreen shrub. Closed-cone coniferous forest, No Low Marginally suitable habitat for this SD County List A dense chaparral; 235-755 m (771-2543 ft). species is present within the Study (Ceanothus cyaneus) Blooming period: April - June Area.

Otay Mountain ceanothus CRPR 1B.2 Perennial evergreen shrub. Metavolcanic or No Not The Study Area is out of the (Ceanothus otayensis) gabbroic chaparral; 600-1100 m (1968-3608 ft). Expected known range for this species. Blooming period: January - April Suitable soils for this species do not occur within the Study Area. Orcutt's pincushion CRPR 1B.1 Annual herb. Sandy soils in coastal bluff scrub and No Not Potentially suitable sandy habitat (Chaenactis glabriuscula var. SD County List A coastal dunes; 0-100 m (0-328 ft). Blooming Expected for this species does not occur period: January - August within the Study Area. orcuttiana)

Parish's chaenactis CRPR 1B.3 Perennial herb. Dry rocky openings in chaparral; No Low Potentially suitable habitat for this SD County List A 1300-2500 m (4265-8202 ft). Blooming period: (Chaenactis parishii) species is heavily impacted by ECMSCP May - July cattle grazing and nonnative grasses and forbs. Long-spined spineflower CRPR 1B.2 Annual herb. Clay lenses, largely devoid of shrubs No Not Suitable clay soils for this species (Chorizanthe polygonoides var. SD County List A in chaparral, coastal scrub, meadows and seeps, Expected do not occur within the Study Area. ECMSCP valley and foothill grassland, and vernal pools; 30- longispina) 1530 m (98-5018 ft). Blooming period: April - July

Delicate clarkia CRPR 1B.2 Annual herb. Oak woodlands and chaparral, often No Moderate This annual species is known from SD County List A on gabbroic soils; 235-1000 m (770-3280 ft). oak woodlands in the vicinity, but (Clarkia delicata) ECMSCP Blooming period: April - June potentially suitable habitat for this species is heavily impacted by cattle grazing. Not observed during rare plant surveys in 2016. Tecate tarplant CRPR 1B.2, Annual herb. Chaparral and coastal sage scrub, No Not The Study Area is outside of the SD County List A also in arroyos; 70-1220 m (230-4002 ft). Expected known range of this species. (Deinandra floribunda) ECMSCP Blooming period: August - October

Cuyamaca larkspur SR Perennial herb. Relatively densely vegetated No Low Potentially suitable habitat for this CRPR 1B.2 montane meadows and seeps, mesic lower species is of marginal quality. (Delphinium hesperium ssp. SD County List A montane coniferous forest, and vernal pools; 1220 cuyamacae) ECMSCP - 1631 m (4002-5351 ft). Blooming period: May - July

Appendix B, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel B‐3

Appendix B. Potentially Occuring Special-Status Plant Species

Common Name Sensitivity Verified Potential (Scientific Name) Status Habitat On-Site to Occur Rationale Cuyamaca Lake downingia SE Annual herb. Vernally mesic meadows and seeps, No Not Potentially suitable habitat for this (Downingia concolor var. brevior) CRPR 1B.1 and vernal pools; 1380-1500 m (4625-4920 ft). expected species does not occur within the SD County List A Blooming period: May - July Study Area. ECMSCP Variegated dudleya CRPR 1B.2 Perennial herb. Clay soils in chaparral, No Not Suitable clay soils for this species SD County List A cismontane woodland, coastal scrub, valley and Expected do not occur within the Study Area. (Dudleya variegata) foothill grassland, and vernal pools; 3-580 m (9- Outside of the known geographical 1903 ft). Blooming period: April - June range of this species.

Palmer's goldenbush CRPR 1B.1 Evergreen shrub. Coastal drainages, in mesic No Not Potentially suitable habitat for this SD County List B chaparral sites, or rarely in coastal sage scrub; Expected species does not occur within the (Ericameria palmeri var. palmeri) ECMSCP below 600 m (1969 ft). Blooming period: August - Study Area. October (uncommon in July)

San Diego button-celery FE/SE Annual/perennial herb. Mesic soils in coastal No Not Potentially suitable habitat for this CRPR 1B.1 scrub, valley and foothill grassland, and vernal Expected species does not occur within the (Eryngium aristulatum var. parishii) SD County List A pools; 20-620 m (65-2034 ft). Blooming period: Study Area. April - June

San Diego barrel cactus CRPR 2B.1 Stem succulent. Sandy to rocky areas; chaparral, No Not The Study Area is outside of the SD County List B coastal scrub, valley and foothill grassland, vernal Expected known range of this species. (Ferocactus viridescens) pools; 3-450 m (9-1476 ft). Blooming period: May - June

Borrego bedstraw SR Perennial herb. Rocky Sonoran desert scrub; 350- No Not Potentially suitable habitat for this CRPR 1B.3 1250 m (1148-4100 ft). Blooming period: March Expected species does not occur within the (Galium angustifolium ssp. SD County List A Study Area. borregoense) ECMSCP

San Jacinto Mountains bedstraw CRPR 1B.3 Perennial herb. Lower montane coniferous forest No Not Potentially suitable habitat for this (Galium angustifolium ssp. SD County List A and along the margins of montane meadows; Expected species does not occur within the 1350-2100 m (4428-6888 ft). Blooming period: Study Area. jacinticum) June - August

Mission Canyon bluecup CRPR 3.1 Annual herb. Mesic soils and disturbed areas No Low Potentially suitable habitat for this SD County List C within chaparral; 450-700 m (1476-2296 ft). (Githopsis diffusa ssp. filicaulis) species is heavily impacted by Blooming period: April - June cattle grazing and nonnative grasses and forbs. San Diego gumplant CRPR 1B.2 Perennial herb. Meadows, chaparral, lower Yes Present Several hundred individuals of this SD County List A montane coniferous forest, and valley and foothill species are scattered throughout (Grindelia hallii) grassland; 185-1745 m (606-5723 ft). Blooming the grassland in the eastern period: May - October portion of the Property.

Palmer's grapplinghook CRPR 4.2 Annual herb. Clay soils in chaparral, grasslands, No Not Suitable clay soils for this species (Harpagonella palmeri) SD County List D coastal sage scrub; 20-955 m (65 to 3132 ft). Expected do not occur within the Study Area. ECMSCP Blooming period: March - May

Appendix B, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel B‐4

Appendix B. Potentially Occuring Special-Status Plant Species

Common Name Sensitivity Verified Potential (Scientific Name) Status Habitat On-Site to Occur Rationale Tecate cypress CRPR 1B.1 Perennial evergreen tree. Clay, gabbroic, or No Not Potentially suitable habitat for this SD County List A metavolcanic soils within closed-cone coniferous Expected species does not occur within the (Hesperocyparis forbesii) ECMSCP forest and chaparral; 80-1500 m (262-4921 ft). Study Area.

Cuyamaca cypress CRPR 1B.1 Perennial evergreen tree. Gabbroic soils within No Not Potentially suitable habitat for this (Hesperocyparis stephensonii) SD County List A closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral, Expected species does not occur within the ECMSCP cismontane woodland, and riparian forest; 1035- Study Area. 1705 m (3395-5594 ft).

Laguna Mountains alumroot CRPR 1B.3 Perennial rhizomatous herb. Rocky areas in No Low Potentially suitable habitat for this (Heuchera brevistaminea) SD County List A broadleafed upland forest, chaparral, cismontane species is heavily impacted by ECMSCP woodland, and riparian forest; 1370-2000 m cattle grazing and nonnative (4493-6560 ft). Blooming period: April - September grasses and forbs. San Diego County alumroot CRPR 3.3 Perennial rhizomatous herb. Rocky areas in No Low Potentially suitable habitat for this (Heuchera rubescens var. SD County List B chaparral and lower montane coniferous forest; species is heavily impacted by 1500-4000 m (4920-13,120 ft). Blooming period: versicolor) cattle grazing and nonnative May - June grasses and forbs.

Ramona horkelia CRPR 1B.3 Perennial herb. Clay and gabbroic soils in No Not Suitable soils for this species do SD County List A chaparral and cismontane woodland; 400-1300 m Expected not occur within the Study Area. (Horkelia truncata) ECMSCP (1312-4265 ft). Blooming period: May - June

San Diego sunflower CRPR 1B.3 Perennial herb. Open and/or burned sites in No Low Potentially suitable habitat for this SD County List A chaparral, and upper and lower montane (Hulsea californica) species is heavily impacted by ECMSCP coniferous forest; 915–2915 m (3001-9561 ft). cattle grazing and nonnative Blooming period: April - June grasses and forbs. San Diego marsh-elder CRPR 2B.2 Perennial herb. Marshes and swamps, wetland No Not Potentially suitable habitat for this SD County List B areas, and playas; 10-500 m (32-1640 ft). Expected species does not occur within the (Iva hayesiana) Blooming period: April - October Study Area.

Santa Lucia dwarf rush CRPR 1B.2 Annual herb. Chaparral, great basin scrub, lower No Not Potentially suitable mesic habitat montane coniferous forest, meadows and seeps, Expected for this species is not present (Juncus luciensis) and vernal pools; 300-2040 m (984-6693 ft). within the Study Area. Blooming period: April - July

Robinson's pepper-grass CRPR 4.3 Annual herb. Openings in chaparral and sage No Low Potentially suitable habitat for this SD County List A scrub; below 885 m (2900 ft). Blooming Period: species is heavily impacted by (Lepidium virginicum var. January - July robinsonii) cattle grazing and nonnative grasses and forbs. Warner Springs lessingia CRPR 1B.3 Annual herb. Sandy chaparral; 870-1220 m (2853- No Not Suitable sandy habitat for this SD County List A 4001 ft). Blooming period: August - October Expected species does not occur within the (Lessingia glandulifera var. ECMSCP Study Area. tomentosa)

Appendix B, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel B‐5

Appendix B. Potentially Occuring Special-Status Plant Species

Common Name Sensitivity Verified Potential (Scientific Name) Status Habitat On-Site to Occur Rationale short-sepaled lewisia CRPR 2B.2 Perennial herb. Mesic areas in lower montane No Not Potentially suitable mesic habitat SD County List B coniferous forest and meadows and seeps; 1370- Expected for this species is not present (Lewisia brachycalyx) ECMSCP 2300 m (4493-7544 ft). Blooming period: February within the Study Area. - July

Lemon lily CRPR 1B.2 Perennial bulbiferous herb. Mesic areas in upper No Not Potentially suitable mesic habitat SD County List A and lower montane coniferous forest, meadows Expected for this species is not present (Lilium parryi) ECMSCP and seeps, and riparian forest; 1220-2745 m within the Study Area. (4001-9003 ft). Blooming period: July - August

Parish's meadowfoam SE Annual herb. Vernally mesic soils in lower No Not Potentially suitable mesic habitat CRPR 1B.2 montane coniferous forest, meadows and seeps, Expected for this species is not present (Limnanthes alba ssp. parishii) SD County List A and vernal pools; 600-2000 m (1968-6562 ft). within the Study Area. ECMSCP Blooming period: April - June

Orcutt's linanthus CRPR 1B.3 Annual herb. Openings in chaparral, lower No Low Potentially suitable habitat for this SD County List A montane coniferous forest, and pinyon and juniper (Linanthus orcuttii) species is heavily impacted by ECMSCP woodland; 915-2145 m (3001-7035 ft). Blooming cattle grazing and nonnative period: May - June grasses and forbs. felt-leaved monardella CRPR 1B.2 Rhizomatous herb. Chaparral and cismontane No Low Potentially suitable habitat for this SD County List A woodland; 300-1575 m (984-5040 ft). Blooming (Monardella hypoleuca ssp. lanata) species is heavily impacted by ECMSCP Period: June - August cattle grazing and nonnative grasses and forbs. Appressed muhly CRPR 2B.2 Annual herb. Rocky coastal scrub, Mojavean No Not Potentially suitable habitat is desert scrub, and valley and foothill grassland; 20- Expected present within the Study Area, (Muhlenbergia appressa) 1600 m (65-5248 ft). Blooming period: April - May however this species is mostly known from the deserts.

mud nama CRPR 2B.2 Annual/perennial herb. Marshes and swamps, No Not Potentially suitable habitat for this SD County List B also riverbanks and lake margins; 5-500 m (16- Expected species does not occur within the (Nama stenocarpum) 1640 ft). Blooming period: January - July Study Area.

Baja navarretia CRPR 1B.2 Annual herb. Mesic soils in chaparral openings, No Not Potentially suitable habitat for this SD County List A lower montane coniferous forest, meadows and Expected species does not occur within the (Navarretia peninsularis) ECMSCP seeps, and pinyon and juniper woodland; 1500 - Study Area. 2300 m (4920-7544 ft). Blooming period: June - August Gander's ragwort CR Perennial herb. Chaparral often in burned areas No Not Potentially suitable habitat for this CRPR 1B.2 and gabbroic outcrops; 400-1200 m (1312-3937 Expected species does not occur within the (Packera ganderi) SD County List A ft). Blooming period April - June Study Area. ECMSCP

Appendix B, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel B‐6

Appendix B. Potentially Occuring Special-Status Plant Species

Common Name Sensitivity Verified Potential (Scientific Name) Status Habitat On-Site to Occur Rationale San Bernardino blue grass FE Perennial rhizomatous herb. Mesic meadows and No Not Potentially suitable mesic habitat CRPR 1B.2 seeps; 1360-2455 m (4460-8052 ft). Blooming Expected for this species is not present (Poa atropurpurea) SD County List A period: April - August within the Study Area. Moreno currant CRPR 1B.3 Deciduous shrub. Chaparral and riparian scrub; No Not Potentially suitable habitat for this (Ribes canthariforme) SD County List A 340-1200 m (1115-3937 ft). Blooming period: Expected species does not occur within the ECMSCP February - April Study Area. Cuyamaca raspberry (Rubus CRPR 3.1 Evergreen shrub. Lower montane coniferous No Not Potentially suitable habitat for this glaucifolius var. ganderi) SD County List A forest on gabbro soils; 1200-1675 m (3936-5496 Expected species does not occur within the ECMSCP ft). Blooming period: May - June Study Area. southern mountains skullcap CRPR 1B.2 Perennial rhizomatous herb. Moist embankments No Not Potentially suitable mesic habitat (Scutellaria bolanderi ssp. SD County List A of montane creeks, mesic chaparral, mesic Expected for this species is not present austromontana) cismontane woodland, and mesic lower montane within the Study Area. coniferous forest; 425-2000 m (1394-6562 ft). Blooming period: June – August

desert spike-moss CRPR 2B.2 Perennial rhizomatous herb. Chaparral and No Not Potentially suitable habitat for this SD County List B Sonoran desert scrub on gravelly or rocky soils; Expected species does not occur within the (Selaginella eremophila) 200-900 m (656-2952 ft). Blooming period: May - Study Area. July

Salt Spring checkerbloom CRPR 2B.2 Perennial herb. Alkaline and mesic soils within No Not Suitable soils for this species do chaparral, coastal scrub, lower montane Expected not occur within the Study Area. (Sidalcea neomexicana) coniferous forest, Mojavean desert scrub, and playas; 15-1530 m (49-5020 ft). Blooming period: March - June bristly scaleseed CRPR 2B.3 Annual herb. Sandy or rocky Sonoran desert No Not Potentially suitable habitat for this SD County List B scrub; 60-1500 m (196-4920 ft). Blooming period: Expected species does not occur within the (Spermolepis echinata) March -April Study Area. This species has only been collected from two locations within Borrego Valley. prairie wedge grass CRPR 2B.2 Perennial herb. Mesic soils within cismontane No Not Potentially suitable habitat for this woodland, and meadows and seeps; 300-2000 m Expected species does not occur within the (Sphenopholis obtusata) (984-6562 ft). Blooming period: April - July Study Area.

purple stemodia CRPR 2B.1 Perennial herb. Population wide, along minor No Not Potentially suitable habitat for this SD County List B creeks and seasonal drainages, often in mesic, Expected species does not occur within the (Stemodia durantifolia) sandy soils in Sonoran desert scrub. Within the Study Area. coastal zone in streams and creeks, typically slow moving rocky streams; 180-300 m (590-984 ft). Blooming period: January - December

Laguna Mountains jewel-flower CRPR 4.3 Perennial herb. Chaparral and lower montane No Low Potentially suitable habitat for this SD County List D coniferous forest; 670-2500 m (2198-8202 ft). species is heavily impacted by (Streptanthus bernardinus) Blooming period: May - August cattle grazing and nonnative grasses and forbs. Appendix B, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel B‐7

Appendix B. Potentially Occuring Special-Status Plant Species

Common Name Sensitivity Verified Potential (Scientific Name) Status Habitat On-Site to Occur Rationale southern jewel-flower CRPR 1B.3 Perennial herb. Rocky areas in chaparral, lower No Low Potentially suitable habitat for this SD County List A montane coniferous forest, pinyon and juniper species is heavily impacted by (Streptanthus campestris) woodland; 900-2300 m (2953-7546 ft). Blooming cattle grazing and nonnative period: April - July grasses and forbs.

San Bernardino aster CRPR 1B.2 Perennial rhizomatous herb. Near ditches, No Not Potentially suitable mesic habitat (Symphyotrichum defoliatum) streams, and springs in cismontane woodland, Expected for this species is not present coastal scrub, lower montane coniferous forest, within the Study Area. meadows and seeps, marshes and swamps, and vernally mesic valley and foothill grassland; 2- 2040 m (7-6693 ft). Blooming period: July - November Parry's tetracoccus CRPR 1B.2 Deciduous shrub. Chaparral and coastal sage No Not Potentially suitable habitat for this SD County List A scrub; 165-1000 m (541-3280 ft). Blooming period: Expected species does not occur within the (Tetracoccus dioicus) April - May Study Area. velvety false lupine CRPR 1B.2 Perennial rhizomatous herb. Cismontane No Low Potentially suitable habitat for this SD County List A woodland, lower montane coniferous forest, (Thermopsis californica var. species is heavily impacted by meadows and seeps, and valley and foothill cattle grazing and nonnative semota) grassland; 1000-1870 (3280-6134 ft.). Blooming grasses and forbs. period: March - June

Orcutt's woody-aster CRPR 1B.2 Perennial herb. Sonoran desert scrub; 0-365 m (0- No Not Potentially suitable habitat for this SD County List A 1197 ft.). Blooming period: March - April Expected species does not occur within the (Xylorhiza orcuttii) Study Area.

Appendix B, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel B‐8

Appendix B. Potentially Occuring Special-Status Plant Species

Common Name Sensitivity Verified Potential (Scientific Name) Status Habitat On-Site to Occur Rationale Legend:

Status: Federal FE - Listed as endangered under the federal Endangered Species Act. FT - Listed as threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act. FC – Candidate for listing under the federal Endangered Species Act. State SE - Listed as endangered under the California Endangered Species Act. ST – Listed as threatened under California Endangered Species Act. SR – Listed as rare under California Endangered Species Act. CA Rare Plant Rank (CRPR) – Formerly known as CNPS List 1A. Presumed extirpated in California, and either rare or extinct elsewhere 1B. Rare, Threatened, or Endangered in California and elsewhere 2A. Presumed extripated in California, more common elsewhere 2B. Rare, Threatened,or Endangered in California, more common elsewhere 3. Plants for which we more information is needed - Review list 4. Plants of limited distribution - Watch list Threat Ranks .1 - Seriously endangered in California .2 – Fairly endangered in California .3 – Not very endangered in California San Diego County List Plants A – Rare, threatened or endangered in California and elsewhere B – Rare, threatened or endangered in California but more common elsewhere C – Maybe quite rare, but more information is needed to determine their status D – Limited distribution and are uncommon but not presently rare or endangered East County Multiple Species Conservation Program Covered Species (ECMSCP) (draft)

References: Special Status plant information from CDFW 2016. Nomenclature and plant descriptions from: CNPS Online Inventory, Calflora.org, Baldwin 2012, Lightner 2011, Reiser 2001, Roberts 1989. Range information from CNDDB 2016, CNPS 2016, and SDNHM Plant Atlas Project 2016.

Appendix B, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel B‐9

Appendix C Wildlife Species Detected or Observed

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Appendix C. Wildlife Species Detected or Observed

Cauzza Santa Ysabel Open Local Connector Space Preserve East Federal and State Government Scientific Name Common Name Property1 and West2 Special Status3 Special Status3

VERTEBRATES Fish Oncorhynchus mykiss Rainbow trout X Amphibians *Lithobates catesbeianus American Bullfrog X Anaxyrus boreas Western Toad X X Anaxyrus californicus Arroyo Toad X FE, CSC SDC Group I Ensatina eschscholtzii klauberi Large-blotched Ensatina X CSC SDC Group I Pseudacris cadaverina California Treefrog X Pseudacris hypochondriaca Baja California Treefrog X X Spea hammondii Western Spadefoot X CSC SDC Group II Reptiles Aspidoscelis tigris Tiger Whiptail X Western Yellow-bellied Coluber constrictor mormon Racer X

Coluber lateralis lateralis California Striped Racer X Southwestern Speckled Crotalus mitchellii pyrrhus Rattlesnake X Southern Pacific Crotalus oreganus helleri Rattlesnake X Diadophis punctatus Ring-necked Snake X Elgaria multicarinata webbii San Diego Alligator Lizard X Hypsiglena ochrorhyncha lauberi San Diego Night Snake X Lampropeltis californiae California Kingsnake X Phrynosoma blainvillii Blainville's Horned Lizard X CSC SDC Group II Pituophis catenifer annectens San Diego Gophersnake X Plestiodon gilberti rubricaudatus Western Red-tailed Skink X Rena humilis Western Threadsnake X Coast Patch-nosed Salvadora hexalepis virgultea Snake X CSC SDC Group II Sceloporus occidentalis Western Fence Lizard X X Sceloporus orcutti Granite Spiny Lizard X

Appendix C, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel C‐1

Appendix C. Wildlife Species Detected or Observed

Cauzza Santa Ysabel Open Local Connector Space Preserve East Federal and State Government Scientific Name Common Name Property1 and West2 Special Status3 Special Status3

Thamnophis hammondii Two-striped Gartersnake X CSC SDC Group I Western Side-blotched Uta stansburiana elegans Lizard X X Birds *Columba livia Rock Pigeon X *Meleagris gallopavo Wild Turkey X X *Molothrus ater Brown-headed Cowbird X X *Sturnus vulgaris European Starling X X Accipiter cooperii Cooper's Hawk X X SDC Group I Agelaius phoeniceus Red-winged Blackbird X Agelaius tricolor Tricolored Blackbird X CSC SDC Group I Southern California Aimophila ruficeps canescens Rufous-crowned Sparrow X SDC Group I Ammodramus savannarum Grasshopper Sparrow X CSC SDC Group I Amphispiza bilineata Black-throated Sparrow X

Anas platyrhynchos Mallard X X Aphelocoma californica Western Scrub-Jay X X Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle X BEPA, CFP SDC Group I Black-chinned Archilochus alexandri Hummingbird X Artemisiospiza belli belli Bell's Sage Sparrow X SDC Group I Asio otus Long-eared Owl X CSC SDC Group I Athene cunicularia Burrowing Owl X CSC SDC Group I Baeolophus inornatus Oak Titmouse X X Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret X Buteo jamaicensis Red-tailed Hawk X X Buteo lineatus Red-shouldered Hawk X SDC Group I Buteo regalis Ferruginous Hawk X SDC Group I Callipepla californica California Quail X Calypte anna Anna's Hummingbird X X Calypte costae Costa's Hummingbird X X

Appendix C, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel C‐2

Appendix C. Wildlife Species Detected or Observed

Cauzza Santa Ysabel Open Local Connector Space Preserve East Federal and State Government Scientific Name Common Name Property1 and West2 Special Status3 Special Status3

Cardellina pusilla Wilson's Warbler X Carduelis lawrencei Lawrence's Goldfinch X X Carduelis psaltria Lesser Goldfinch X X Carduelis tristis American Goldfinch X Cathartes aura Turkey Vulture X X SDC Group I Catharus ustulatus Swainson's Thrush X Chamaea fasciata Wrentit X Charadrius vociferus Killdeer X X Chondestes grammacus Lark Sparrow X X Chordeiles acutipennis Lesser Nighthawk X Circus cyaneus Northern Harrier X CSC SDC Group I Colaptes auratus Northern Flicker X X Contopus cooperi Olive-sided Flycatcher X CSC SDC Group II Contopus sordidulus Western Wood-Pewee X X

Corvus brachyrhynchos American Crow X X Corvus corax Common Raven X X Cyanocitta stelleri Steller's Jay X X Elanus leucurus White-tailed Kite X X CFP SDC Group I

Empidonax difficilis Pacific-slope Flycatcher X X Eremophila alpestris Horned Lark X X Euphagus cyanocephalus Brewer's Blackbird X X Falco sparverius American Kestrel X X Geococcyx californianus Greater Roadrunner X X Geothlypis tolmiei MacGillivray's Warbler X Geothlypis trichas Common Yellowthroat X Haemorhous mexicanus House Finch X X Hydroprogne caspia Caspian Tern X Icteria virens Yellow-breasted Chat X CSC SDC Group I Icterus bullockii Bullock’s Oriole X X

Appendix C, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel C‐3

Appendix C. Wildlife Species Detected or Observed

Cauzza Santa Ysabel Open Local Connector Space Preserve East Federal and State Government Scientific Name Common Name Property1 and West2 Special Status3 Special Status3

Ixoreus naevius Varied Thrush X Junco hyemalis Dark-eyed Junco X Megascops kennicottii Western Screech-Owl X Melanerpes formicivorus Acorn Woodpecker X X Melanerpes lewis Lewis’ Woodpecker X SDC Group I Melospiza melodia Song Sparrow X X Melozone crissalis California Towhee X X Mimus polyglottos Northern Mockingbird X Myiarchus cinerascens Ash-throated Flycatcher X X Oreortyx pictus Mountain Quail X SDC Group II Oreothypis celata Orange-crowned Warbler X Passerculus sandwichensis Savannah Sparrow X Passerina amoena Lazuli Bunting X X Passerina caerulea Blue Grosbeak X X

Patagioenas fasciata Band-tailed Pigeon X Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Cliff Swallow X Phainopepla nitens Phainopepla X X Pheucticus melanocephalus Black-headed Grosbeak X Picoides nuttallii Nuttall's Woodpecker X X Picoides villosus Hairy Woodpecker X Pipilo maculatus Spotted Towhee X X Piranga ludoviciana Western Tanager X Poecile gambeli Mountain Chickadee X Polioptila caerulea Blue-gray Gnatcatcher X Progne subis Purple Martin X CSC SDC Group I Psaltriparus minimus Bushtit X Regulus calendula Ruby-crowned Kinglet X Sayornis nigricans Black Phoebe X X Sayornis saya Say's Phoebe X

Appendix C, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel C‐4

Appendix C. Wildlife Species Detected or Observed

Cauzza Santa Ysabel Open Local Connector Space Preserve East Federal and State Government Scientific Name Common Name Property1 and West2 Special Status3 Special Status3

Selasphorus sasin Allen's Hummingbird X Setophaga coronata Yellow-rumped Warbler X X Black-throated Gray Setophaga nigrescens Warbler X Setophaga occidentalis Hermit Warbler X Setophaga palmarum Palm Warbler X Setophaga petechia Yellow Warbler X X CSC SDC Group II

Setophaga townsendi Townsend's Warbler X Sialia mexicana Western Bluebird X X SDC Group II Sitta carolinensis White-breasted Nuthatch X Sitta pygmaea Pygmy Nuthatch X Spizella atrogularis Black-chinned Sparrow X Spizella passerina Chipping Sparrow X Northern Rough-winged Stelgidopteryx serripennis Swallow X

Strix occidentalis Spotted Owl X CSC wilso Western Meadowlark X X Tachycineta bicolor Tree Swallow X Tachycineta thalassina Violet-green Swallow X Thryomanes bewickii Bewick's Wren X Toxostoma redivivum California Thrasher X X Troglodytes aedon House Wren X X Turdus migratorius American Robin X X Tyrannus verticalis Western Kingbird X X Tyrannus vociferans Cassin's Kingbird X Tyto alba Barn Owl X X SDC Group II Vireo cassinii Cassin’s Vireo X Vireo gilvus Warbling Vireo X Vireo huttoni Hutton's Vireo X X Zenaida macroura Mourning Dove X X

Appendix C, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel C‐5

Appendix C. Wildlife Species Detected or Observed

Cauzza Santa Ysabel Open Local Connector Space Preserve East Federal and State Government Scientific Name Common Name Property1 and West2 Special Status3 Special Status3

Mammals *Bos taurus Domestic Cattle X X *Canis familiaris Domestic Dog X *Didelphis virginiana Virginia Opossum X *Equus caballus Domestic Horse X *Mus musculus House Mouse X Antrozous pallidus Pallid Bat X CSC SDC Group II Canis latrans Coyote X X Northwestern San Diego Chaetodipus fallax fallax Pocket Mouse X CSC SDC Group II Townsend's Big-eared Corynorhinus townsendii Bat X CSC SDC Group II Dipodomys simulans Dulzura Kangaroo Rat X Eptesicus fuscus Big Brown Bat X Eumops perotis Western Mastiff Bat X CSC SDC Group II

Lasiurus blossevillii Western Red Bat X CSC SDC Group II Lasiurus cinereus Hoary Bat X Lasiurus xanthinus Western Yellow Bat X CSC Lynx rufus Bobcat X Mephitis mephitis Striped Skunk X Microtus californicus California Vole X Mustela frenata Long-tailed Weasel X Myotis californicus California Myotis X Myotis ciliolabrum Small-footed Myotis X SDC Group II Myotis evotis Long-eared Myotis X SDC Group II Myotis yumanensis Yuma Myotis X SDC Group II Neotamias merriami Merriam's Chipmunk X Neotoma lepida Desert Woodrat X Notiosorex crawfordi Desert Shrew X Nyctinomops femorosaccus Pocketed Free-tailed Bat X CSC SDC Group II

Appendix C, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel C‐6

Appendix C. Wildlife Species Detected or Observed

Cauzza Santa Ysabel Open Local Connector Space Preserve East Federal and State Government Scientific Name Common Name Property1 and West2 Special Status3 Special Status3

Nyctinomops macrotis Big Free-tailed Bat X CSC SDC Group II Odocoileus hemionus Southern Mule Deer X SDC Group II Ostospermophilus beecheyi California Ground Squirrel X X Parastrellus hesperus Canyon Bat X Peromyscus californicus California Mouse X Peromyscus eremicus Cactus Mouse X Peromyscus maniculatus Deer Mouse X X Procyon lotor Northern Raccoon X Puma concolor Mountain Lion X SDC Group II Reithrodontomys megalotis Western Harvest Mouse X X Sorex ornatus Ornate Shrew X Spilogale gracilis Western Spotted Skunk X Sylvilagus audubonii Desert Cottontail X Tadarida brasiliensis Brazilian Free-tailed Bat X

Thomomys bottae Botta's Pocket Gopher X Urocyon cinereoargenteus Common Gray Fox X *=Non-native or invasive species 1Species detected by ICF within the Cauzza Property during 2016 surveys. 2Species detected by USGS within the Santa Ysabel Open Space Preserve East and West during 2002 and 2003 surveys 3Special Status Federal: FE = Endangered FT = Threatened BEPA = Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act State: CSC = California Species of Special Concern CFP = California Fully Protected Species

County: SDC Group I = includes animal species that have a very high level of sensitivity, either because they are listed as threatened or endangered or because they have very specific natural history requirements that must be met. SDC Group II = includes animal species that are becoming less common, but are not yet so rare that extirpation or extinction is imminent without immediate action. These species tend to be prolific within their suitable habitat types.

Appendix C, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel C‐7

Appendix D Potentially Occurring Special‐Status Wildlife Species

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Appendix D. Potentially Occuring Special-Status Wildlife Species

Common Name Sensitivity Verified Potential to (Scientific Name) Status Habitat On-Site Occur Rationale INVERTEBRATES

The Property is within the Inhabits openings on clay soils within or in the vicinity of USFWS survey area, but habitat Quino Checkerspot Butterfly FE shrublands, grasslands, meadows, vernal pools, and lake onsite is not suitable because of margins. Closely tied to its larval host plants, dwarf No Low the extreme vegetation impacts (Euphydryas editha quino) SDC Group I plantain (Plantago erecta) or owl’s clover (Castilleja from cattle grazing. No host exserta ssp. exserta). plants observed during rare plant surveys.

San Diego Fairy Shrimp FE Vernal pools. All known localities are below 701m (2,300 No suitable vernal pool habitat No None (Branchinecta sandiegoensis) SDC Group I feet) and are within 64km (40 miles) of the Pacific Ocean. occurs on the Property AMPHIBIANS

FE Exposed shallow pools with a sand or gravel base are No suitable breeding habitat Arroyo Toad SSC used for breeding. Breeding pools must occur in the within the Property. No known No Low (Anaxyrus californicus) SDC Group I vicinity (ca. 10-100 m) of a braided sandy channel with occurrences in Santa Ysabel ECMSCP shorelines or central bars made of stable, sandy terraces. Valley (USGS 2004).

SSC Coast Range Newt Occurs from near seal level to around 6,000 feet. Suitable riparian woodland SDC Group II Frequent terrestrial habitats, but breed in ponds, No Low habitat on the Property is highly (Taricha torosa) ECMSCP reservoirs, and slow moving streams grazed. Occurs from 1,700 to 6,000 feet in canyon bottoms and Suitable riparian woodland Large Blotched Salamander SSC occasionally on slopes if sufficient surface objects (logs, No Moderate habitat on the Property is highly boards, or rocks) are present; also may be found in (Ensatina klauberi) SDC Group I grazed. mines and caves REPTILES

Belding’s Orange-throated SSC The habitat characteristics are poorly understood, Whiptail however historically it was found in floodplains or terraces Suitable habitat occurs SDC Group II No High (Aspidoscelis hyperythra along streams. Closely tied to coastal sage scrub plants throughout the Property. beldingi) ECMSCP and some chaparral plants.

Blainville’s (Coast) Horned SSC Grasslands, brushlands, woodlands, and open coniferous Suitable habitat occurs Lizard SDC Group II forest with sandy or loose soil; requires abundant ant No High throughout the Property. (Phrynosoma blainvillii) ECMSCP colonies for foraging.

Most common in rock outcrops within stands of conifers Suitable habitat occurs in the San Diego Mountain Kingsnake SSC and oaks or in riparian woodlands; uses crevices, logs, No Moderate riparian woodland within the and rocks for cover; active from March through (Lampropeltis zonata pulchra) SDC Group II Property. November.

SSC Suitable habitat occurs in the Coast Patched-Nosed Snake Inhabits semi-arid brushy areas and chaparral in SDC Group II No High riparian woodland within the (Salvadora hexalepis virgultea) canyons, rocky hillsides, and plains. ECMSCP Property.

Appendix D, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel D‐1

Appendix D. Potentially Occuring Special-Status Wildlife Species

Common Name Sensitivity Verified Potential to (Scientific Name) Status Habitat On-Site Occur Rationale

Coastal Tiger Whiptail Suitable habitat occurs SDC Group II Found in open brushland in semiarid habitats. No High (Aspidoscelis tigris stejnegeri) throughout the Property.

Coronado Skink SSC Forest, open woodland and grassy areas. Usually found Suitable habitat occurs SDC Group II No High (Plestiodon skiltonianus under leaf litter, logs or rocks. throughout the Property. interparietalis) ECMSCP

Suitable habitat occurs in the Coastal Rosy Boa SSC Inhabits chaparral and desert scrub No Moderate riparian woodland within the (Lichanura trivirgata roseofusca) SDC Group II Property.

SSC Occurs from sea level to 914m (3,000 ft) in chaparral, Red Diamond Rattlesnake Suitable habitat occurs SDC Group II woodland, and arid desert habitats with rocky areas and No High (Crotalus ruber) throughout the Property. ECMSCP dense vegetation. Prefers moist habitats, including wet meadows, rocky San Diego Ringneck Snake Suitable habitat occurs SDC Group II hillsides, gardens, farmland, grassland, chaparral, mixed No High throughout the Property. (Diadophis punctatus similis) coniferous forests and woodlands. Occurs in sparsely vegetated areas of beach dunes, May occur in understory of chaparral, pine-oak woodlands, desert scrub, sandy Silvery Legless Lizard SSC riparian woodland in theProperty, washes, and stream terraces with sycamores, No Moderate (Anniella pulchra pulchra) but habitat is heavily grazed and SDC Group II cottonwoods, or oaks. Leaf litter under trees and bushes not prime habitat. in sunny areas often indicate suitable habitat. Restricted to marsh and upland habitats near permanent Appropriate habitat (permanent South-Coast Garter Snake SSC water that have good strips of riparian vegetation. No Low water) is lacking within the Historical records indicate that this species formerly (Thamnophis sirtalis) SDC Group II Property. inhabited meadow-like habitats adjacent to marshlands

SSC Requires slack- or slow-water aquatic habitat as well as Southwestern Pond Turtle aerial and aquatic basking sites. Also requires an upland Suitable habitat not present SDC Group I No None (Actinemys marmorata pallid) oviposition site on an unshaded slope with clay soils, in within the Property. ECMSCP the vicinity of the aquatic site.

Two-striped Garter Snake SSC Inhabits perennial and intermittent streams with rocky Appropriate habitat (surface beds and bordered by willow thickets or other dense No Moderate water) is intermittent within the (Thamnophis hammondii) SDC Group I vegetation. Property. BIRDS F Delisted Nesting: None No suitable nesting habitat is American Peregrine Falcon S Delisted Nests on cliff ledges or on tall building or bridges. Will No Foraging: present on the Property, may (Falco peregrinus anatum) CDFW FP forage over a wide variety of habitats. Moderate forage or perch in the Property. SDC Group I One adult barn owl was Nest in buildings, nest boxes, at the base of the leaves in Barn Owl (Tyto alba) SDC Group II Yes Present observed in the riparian palm trees, and in cavities in native trees. woodland.

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Appendix D. Potentially Occuring Special-Status Wildlife Species

Common Name Sensitivity Verified Potential to (Scientific Name) Status Habitat On-Site Occur Rationale CDFW WL Bell’s Sparrow Nesting: None Suitable open shrubland habitat SDC Group I Open chaparral and sage scrubs. No does not occur within the (Artemisiospiza belli belli) Foraging: None ECMSCP Property. Suitable foraging and nesting habitat occurs throughout the California Horned Lark SDC Group II Grasslands, recently disturbed habitat where seeds and Nesting: High Property. This species was No (Eremophila alpestris actia) ECMSCP insects are easy to find. Foraging: High observed on the Santa Ysabel Nature Center property in 2016. Property.

FT Suitable nesting habitat is Coastal California Gnatcatcher SSC Prefer open scrubby habitats such as coastal sage scrub Nesting: None lacking within the Property. No (Polioptila californica californica) SDC Group I and some forms of chaparral. Foraging: None Outside of known range of ECMSCP species.

Known from region but riparian woodland within the Property Strongly associated with mature forests that are complex lacks appropriate structure for SSC in structure, and have high canopy cover and an this species. Surveys conducted California Spotted Owl SDC Group I abundance of large trees and large coarse woody debris. No Low for the SYSOP RMP (USGS Primarily associated with yellow-pine and mixed- ECMSCP 2004) found this species to be evergreen forests correlated to mature forests near Julian.

Oak groves and mature stands of riparian woodland. This Cooper’s Hawk CDFW WL Observed foraging in May 2016 species has adapted well to development and is Yes Present at avian point count station 5. (Accipiter cooperii) SDC Group I abundant in urban canyons with eucalyptus trees.

FP No suitable nesting habitat Golden Eagle Nest on cliff ledges or trees on steep slopes. Forage in Nesting: None occurs within the Property. SDC Group I No (Aquila chrysaetos) grasslands, sage scrub or broken chaparral. Foraging: High Suitable grassland foraging ECMSCP habitat is present.

Occurs in dry, dense grasslands, especially those with a Grasshopper sparrow SSC variety of grasses and tall forbs and scattered shrubs for Nesting: High Suitable nesting and foraging (Ammodramus savannarum SDC Group I No singing perches. Nests in slight depressions in dense habitat in grassland habitats. perpallidus) Foraging: High ECMSCP grasslands.

FE Riparian thickets either near water or in dry portions of Least Bell's Vireo SE river bottoms; nests along margins of bushes and forages Nesting: None Suitable nesting habitat is No (Vireo bellii pusillus) SDC Group I low to the ground; may also be found using mesquite and Foraging: None lacking within the Property. ECMSCP arrow weed in desert canyons.

CSC Loggerhead shrike Found near grassland, open sage scrub and chaparral, Nesting: High Suitable nesting and foraging SDC Group I and desert scrub. They nest in dense vegetation No habitat present within the (Lanius ludovicianus) Foraging: High ECMSCP adjacent to their open foraging habitats. Property.

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Appendix D. Potentially Occuring Special-Status Wildlife Species

Common Name Sensitivity Verified Potential to (Scientific Name) Status Habitat On-Site Occur Rationale Grasslands and marshes. Nests are on the ground and typically concealed within a marsh or other dense, low- Grasslands within the Study SSC (nesting) Northern Harrier growing vegetation. The northern harrier is considered a Nesting: Low Area are too heavy grazed to SDC Group I breeding resident and a migrant species. Nesting harriers No provide suitable ground nesting (Circus cyaneus) Foraging: High ECMSCP are now considered rare and the known breeding habitat. Suitable foraging habitat population in San Diego County is estimated at 25 to 75 is present. pairs. Suitable habitat occurs within the riparian woodland on the Nests in abandoned woodpecker holes in oaks, Property, but Property is below SSC Purple Martin cottonwoods, and other deciduous trees in a variety of Nesting: Low elevation where species typically SDC Group I wooded and riparian habitats. Also nests in vertical No occurs. Rare in suitable habitat (Progne subis) Foraging: Low ECMSCP drainage holes under elevated freeways and highway in San Diego. This species was bridges. detected during Surveys conducted for the SYSOP RMP (USGS 2004). Nesting: None Prairie Falcon Nest on cliffs or bluffs and forage in open desert or No suitable breeding habitat SDC Group I No (Falco mexicanus) grasslands. Foraging: present in the Property. Moderate

Observed foraging at avian point Red-shouldered Hawk Nests in mature trees, including riparian, oak, and SDC Group I Yes Present count stations 2, 3, and 5 in (Buteo linearus) eucalyptus woodlands. 2016.

San Diego Cactus Wren SSC Cactus thickets of Opuntia or Cylindropuntia species, Nesting: None Suitable habitat is lacking within (Campylorhynchus SDC Group I No preferably over 1m tall. Foraging: None the Property. brunneicapillus sandiegensis) ECMSCP

Fairly common, widespread and generally fairly Southern California Rufous- CDFW WL conspicuous resident of rocky grassland and patchy Nesting: Moderate Suitable habitat occurs crowned Sparrow SDC Group I shrub habitats, often including areas with disturbance No Foraging: throughout the Property. (Aimophila ruficeps canescens) ECMSCP from fire, trash, soil compaction and non-native Moderate vegetation.

FE Southwestern Willow Flycatcher SE Will forage over a variety of habitats; however, species Nesting: None Suitable breeding habitat is not No (Empidonax trallii extimus) SDC Group I does not breed in California. Foraging: Low present within the Property. ECMSCP Open country of the western US and Canada for breeding, from low to moderate elevations. Prairies, ST Not known to breed in San Diego Swainson’s Hawk rangelands, meadows, open areas with scattered trees. Nesting: None SDC Group I No County; may be present during (Buteo Swainsoni) Cultivated lands attract this hawk in some areas, where Foraging: Low migration. ECMSCP the human disturbance of agriculture causes concentrations of insects and rodents. Not currently

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Appendix D. Potentially Occuring Special-Status Wildlife Species

Common Name Sensitivity Verified Potential to (Scientific Name) Status Habitat On-Site Occur Rationale

SSC (nesting Breeds near fresh water, preferably in emergent wetland Suitable nesting habitat is absent Tricolored Blackbird colony) with tall, dense cattails or tules, but also in thickets of Nesting: None from the Property. Suitable No (Agelais tricolor) SDC Group I willow, blackberry, wild rose, tall herbs. Feeds in Foraging: Low nesting marshes not known from ECMSCP grassland and cropland habitats. the vicinity.

Vermillion Flycatcher SSC Suitable open riparian woodland Breeds in open riparian woodlands and mesquite Nesting: None (Pyrocephalus rubinus SDC Group II No habitat is nor present on the bosques. Foraging: Low flammeus) ECMSCP Property. Suitable nest habitat occurs in rock ledges and in the oak Turkey Vulture SDC Group I Nests on rock ledges and hollow trees. Forages on Yes Present woodland within the Study Area. (Cathartes aura) carrion in a wide-range of habitats. ECMSCP Observed soaring over site during February 2016 site visit. Western Bluebird Occurs in oak woodlands and pastures where old trees Observed at all five avian point SDC Group II Yes Present (Sialia mexicana) provide nest habitat. count stations in 2016.

Prairies, grasslands, lowland scrub, agricultural lands, coastal dunes, desert floors, and some artificial, open One individual was observed areas. They require large open expanses of sparsely SSC near its burrow in the Western Burrowing Owl vegetated areas on gently rolling or level terrain with an SDC Group I Yes Present southeastern portion of the (Athene cunicularia) abundance of active small mammal burrows. They use Property during the March 2016 ECMSCP rodent or other burrows for roosting and nesting cover site visit. and also known to use pipes, culverts, and nest boxes where burrows are scarce.

CDFW FP Lowland areas west of Sierra Nevada from the head of White-tailed kite the Sacramento Valley south, including coastal valleys Observed foraging at avian point SDC Group I Yes Present (Elanus leucarus) and foothills to western San Diego County at the Mexico count stations 3 and 4 in 2016. ECMSCP border

SSC Yellow Warbler Observed at avian point count SDC Group II Mature riparian woodlands. Yes Present (Setophaga petechial) stations 1 and 2 in 2016. ECMSCP

Nesting: Moderate Yellow-breasted Chat SSC Suitable nesting habitat is Dense riparian woodland. No Foraging: present within the riparian (Icteria virens) SDC Group I Moderates woodland. MAMMALS Inhabit a diversity of habitats with principal requirements SSC of sufficient food, friable soils, and relatively open, Suitable habitat occurs American Badger throughout the Property. Species SDC Group II uncultivated ground. Grasslands, savannas, mountain No Moderate (Taxidea taxus) meadows, and desert scrub. is uncommon in appropriate ECMSCP habitat.

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Appendix D. Potentially Occuring Special-Status Wildlife Species

Common Name Sensitivity Verified Potential to (Scientific Name) Status Habitat On-Site Occur Rationale Inhabits arid, rocky areas; roosts in crevices in cliffs. Has Big free-tailed Bat SSC Suitable nesting habitat does not been recorded in urban locations in San Diego County No Roosting: Low (Nyctinomops macrotis) SDC Group II occur on the Property. (CDFG 2005. Species is rare in California (CDFG 2005). Suitable habitat occurs Dulzura Pocket Mouse throughout Property. Not SSC Coastal and montane regions in grassland, sage scrub, No Moderate observed on SYSOP during (Chaetodipus californicus SDC Group II and chaparral slopes. femoralis) surveys for the RMP (USGS 2004).

Suitable habitat occurs Jacumba Pocket Mouse throughout the Property. Not SSC Desert habitats, including desert riparian, wash, and No Moderate observed on SYSOP during (Perognathus longimembris ECMSCP scrub communities. internationalis) surveys for the RMP (USGS 2004).

Suitable habitat occurs Los Angeles Pocket Mouse throughout the Property. Not SSC Lower elevation grassland and coastal sage communities (Perognathus longimembris No Moderate observed on SYSOP during with sandy soils brevinasus) ECMSCP surveys for the RMP (USGS 2004).

Brush, woodland and forest habitats from sea level to Suitable roosting habitat occurs Long-eared Myotis 9000 ft. Lives in coniferous forests in mountain areas, SDC Group II No Roosting: Low in the riparian woodland within (Myotis evotis) roosts in small colonies in caves, buildings and under the Property. tree bark.

Occurs in a wide range of habitats, including coastal sage Mountain Lion Suitable habitat occurs SDC Group II scrub, chaparral, and riparian woodlands. Rest in rocky No High throughout Property. (Felis concolor) area and on cliffs that provide cover.

Suitable habitat occurs Northwestern San Diego Pocket Occurs in arid coastal and desert habitats including throughout the Property. Not Mouse SSC coastal scrub, chaparral, chamise-redshank, desert No Moderate observed on SYSOP during (Chaetodipus fallax fallax) scrub, pinyon-juniper, and annual grassland surveys for the RMP (USGS 2004). Throughout So. Cal. From coast to mixed conifer forest; SSC grasslands, shrublands, woodlands, & forest; most Roosting: Pallid Bat common in open, dry habitats w/ rocky areas for roosting; Suitable roosting habitat occurs SDC Group II No Moderate (Antrozous pallidus) yearlong resident in most of range. Roosts in rock within the riparian woodland. ECMSCP crevices, caves, mine shafts, under bridges, in buildings and tree hollows. Suitable habitat occurs Occurs in arid coastal and desert habitats including throughout the Property. Pallid San Diego Pocket Mouse SSC coastal scrub, chaparral, chamise-redshank, desert No High Observed on SYSOP during (Chaetodipus fallax pallidus) SDC Group II scrub, pinyon-juniper, and annual grassland surveys for the RMP (USGS 2004).

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Appendix D. Potentially Occuring Special-Status Wildlife Species

Common Name Sensitivity Verified Potential to (Scientific Name) Status Habitat On-Site Occur Rationale FE Open slopes in hot and dry desert regions characterized No suitable rocky terrain and Peninsular Big-Horn Sheep CDFW FP by rough, rocky, sparsely vegetated habitats with steep No None refugia present in or around the (Ovis canadensis nelson)) SDC Group I slopes, canyons, and washes with adequate water supply Property. ECMSCP

Pocketed Free-tailed Bat SSC Suitable rocky roosting habitat Lives in deserts and sage scrub, roosts in rocky crevices. No Roosting: None does not occur within the (Nyctinomops femorosaccus) SDC Group II Property.

San Diego Black-tailed SSC Mostly found on the coastal side of our local mountains in Suitable habitat occurs Jackrabbit SDC Group II open habitats, usually avoiding dense stands of chaparral No High throughout the Property. (Lepus californicus bennettii) ECMSCP or woodlands.

Variety of shrub and desert habitats primarily associated Marginally suitable habitat San Diego Desert Woodrat SSC with rock outcroppings, boulders, cacti, or areas of dense No Moderate occurs in Property. Few rock SDC Group II (Neotoma lepida intermedia) undergrowth. outcrops or cactus present. SSC Grasslands, sparse coastal sage scrub, and chaparral Southern grasshopper mouse Suitable habitat occurs SDC Group II habitats. No Moderate throughout the Property. (Onychomys torridus ramona) ECMSCP Southern Mule Deer Occurs in wide-range of habitats, including conifer and Suitable habitat occurs SDC Group II mixed forests, chaparral, brushlands, and grasslands No High (Odocoileus hemionus) throughout Property. FE Not observed on the Santa Stephen’s Kangaroo Rat ST Uses annual grasslands with sparse perennial Ysabel Preserve and was not No Not expected (Dipodomys stephensi) SDC Group I vegetation. Restricted to southern California expected during small mammal ECMSCP trapping in 2016. Species can be found in a variety of habitats throughout the state where appropriate roosting habitat exists. CT Townsend’s Big-eared Bat Primarily roosts in caves and cavern-like spaces; also Suitable roosting habitat is SDC Group II No Roosting: None include in abandoned buildings, mines, culverts, box-like lacking within the Property. (Corynorhinus townsendii) ECMSCP spaces in bridges and other structures, and large hollows in trees. Very sensitive to human disturbances. Primarily a cliff-dwelling species for breeding. Found foraging in a variety of habitats, from dry desert washes, Western Mastiff Bat SSC Suitable roosting habitat is flood plains, chaparral, oak woodland, open ponderosa No Roosting: None (Eumops perotis californicus) lacking within the Property. SDC Group II pine forest, grassland, montane meadows, and agricultural areas. Usually among dense foliage, in forests and wooded Suitable roosting habitat occurs Western Red Bat SSC areas, making long migrations from the northern latitudes No Roosting: Low within the riparian woodland (Lasiurus blossevillii) SDC Group II to warmer climes for winter, sometimes hibernates in tree within the Property. hollows or woodpecker holes.

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Appendix D. Potentially Occuring Special-Status Wildlife Species

Common Name Sensitivity Verified Potential to (Scientific Name) Status Habitat On-Site Occur Rationale Not much information available, but has been spotted Suitable roosting habitat occurs Western Small-footed Myotis Roosting: SDC Group II under rock slabs and in crevices, mine tunnels, under No within the riparian woodland (Myotis cililabrum) Moderate loose tree bark, and in buildings. within the Property.

Occurs in woodland areas and will roost in dense palm Suitable roosting habitat occurs Western Yellow Bat SSC Roosting: foliage. No within the riparian woodland (Lasiurus xanthinus SDC Group II Moderate within the Property. Found near lakes, creeks or ponds. Roosts by day under Yuma Myotis Suitable roosting habitat is SDC Group II building sidings or shingles. Nursery colonies choose No Roosting: None (Myotis yumanensis) lacking within the Property. caves, mines, buildings or under bridges. LEGEND:

STATUS: Federal FE - listed as endangered under the federal Endangered Species Act. FT - listed as threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act. FP – listed as fully protected F Delisted = Delisted State SE - listed as endangered under the California Endangered Species Act. ST- listed as threatened under the California Endangered Species Act. CT- candidate threatened under the California Endangered Species Act S Delisted – Delisted under the California Endangered Species Act. CDFW FP – fully protected species in California. SSC – species of special concern in California. WL – CDFW Watch List species

San Diego County Group (SDC Group) I = includes animal species that have a very high level of sensitivity, either because they are listed as threatened or endangered or because they have very specific natural history requirements that must be met. II = includes animal species that are becoming less common, but are not yet so rare that extirpation or extinction is imminent without immediate action. These species tend to be prolific within their suitable habitat types. East County Multiple Species Conservation Program Covered Species (ECMSCP) (draft)

References Special Status information from CDFW 2016. Nomenclature and invertebrate descriptions from Hogan 2005 and USFWS 1997. Nomenclature and vertebrate descriptions from AOU 1998 and supplements, CDFW 2016, Collins and Taggart 2016, Baker et al. 2003, and Unitt 2004.

Appendix D, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel D‐8

Appendix E Photographic Log

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Appendix E. Photographic Log

Photo 1. Western portion of Cauzza Property looking south.

Photo 2. Western portion of Cauzza Property looking west.

Appendix E, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel E‐1

Appendix E. Photographic Log

Photo 3. Central portion of Cauzza Property looking south.

Photo 4. Eastern portion of Cauzza Property looking south.

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Appendix E. Photographic Log

Photo 5. San Diego Gumplant

Photo 6. Western Toad

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Appendix E. Photographic Log

Photo 7. Avian Point Count Station 1 facing north.

Photo 8. Avian Point Count Station 1 facing south.

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Appendix E. Photographic Log

Photo 9. Avian Point Count Station 1 facing east.

Photo 10. Avian Point Count Station 1 facing west.

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Appendix E. Photographic Log

Photo 11. Avian Point Count Station 2 facing north.

Photo 12. Avian Point Count Station 2 facing south.

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Appendix E. Photographic Log

Photo 13. Avian Point Count Station 2 facing east.

Photo 14. Avian Point Count Station 2 facing west.

Appendix E, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel E‐7

Appendix E. Photographic Log

Photo 15. Avian Point Count Station 3 facing north.

Photo 16. Avian Point Count Station 3 facing south.

Appendix E, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel E‐8

Appendix E. Photographic Log

Photo 17. Avian Point Count Station 3 facing east.

Photo 18. Avian Point Count Station 4 facing north.

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Appendix E. Photographic Log

Photo 19. Avian Point Count Station 4 facing south.

Photo 20. Avian Point Count Station 4 facing east.

Appendix E, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel E‐10

Appendix E. Photographic Log

Photo 21. Avian Point Count Station 4 facing west.

Photo 22. Avian Point Count Station 5 facing north.

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Appendix E. Photographic Log

Photo 23. Avian Point Count Station 5 facing south.

Photo 24. Avian Point Count Station 5 facing east.

Appendix E, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel E‐12

Appendix E. Photographic Log

Photo 25. Avian Point Count Station 5 facing west.

Photo 26. Sherman traps along Gridline 3.

Appendix E, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel E‐13

Appendix E. Photographic Log

Photo 27. Sherman traps along Transect 4.

Appendix E, Baseline Biodiversity Report May 2017 Santa Ysabel Preserve Cauzza Connector Parcel E‐14